:00:00. > :00:00.Nations apparently ready to trample over treaties in their struggle
:00:07. > :00:12.And, at the heart of it, Germany divided.
:00:13. > :00:20.Fingers are being pointed at Greece - again.
:00:21. > :00:26.I expect from spring on the figures will go up again and we will be
:00:27. > :00:29.facing two million and I think this is not an option, not even for Mrs
:00:30. > :00:33.Merkel. Fingers are being pointed
:00:34. > :00:34.at Greece - again. Could it be kicked out
:00:35. > :00:37.of the borderless Schengen zone? We'll hear the response
:00:38. > :00:39.of the Greek Migration Minister. A new worry about the zika virus
:00:40. > :00:42.that harms the unborn. We'll hear from a researcher
:00:43. > :00:47.into insect-borne disease who says And, Apple - how can they revive
:00:48. > :01:04.their plateauing iphone sales? They've started talking about what
:01:05. > :01:07.he called switch, people came on board with an android phone and
:01:08. > :01:12.switched over. In one respect Europe can be proud -
:01:13. > :01:16.it's a continent so pleasant, that a lot of people
:01:17. > :01:19.want to live in it. 45,000 people have arrived
:01:20. > :01:21.in Greece this year. What the continent cannot be proud
:01:22. > :01:24.of is the shambolic response European Interior Ministers met
:01:25. > :01:31.in Amsterdam yesterday, with proposals that potentially chip
:01:32. > :01:35.away at the Schengen Treaty, creating a borderless
:01:36. > :01:37.zone of 26 countries. Now, amazingly, the same two
:01:38. > :01:43.countries at the centre of the euro crisis last summer,
:01:44. > :01:46.are at the centre of this one. Greece is blamed for not enforcing
:01:47. > :01:50.the external EU border. But Germany is doing
:01:51. > :01:55.some of the blaming, as well as agonising over the wisdom
:01:56. > :01:58.of its open door policy. Daily, twice an hour,
:01:59. > :02:20.the police assemble And it is here in the cold
:02:21. > :02:27.of a Bavarian winter, the multitudes step out
:02:28. > :02:42.into their promised land. Among those being registered,
:02:43. > :02:46.the Ahools from Aleppo. Two sisters, their brother,
:02:47. > :02:51.and five children under eight. They have braved the sea from Greece
:02:52. > :03:00.and the frozen Balkans. Here the single men also
:03:01. > :03:10.are separated from groups and hidden This winter was meant to be
:03:11. > :03:17.a time when the numbers Our area in Rosenheim,
:03:18. > :03:30.yesterday we had 900 refugees. But we could say the last weeks,
:03:31. > :03:40.up from 1000, to 2000 per day. Add those reaching other centres
:03:41. > :03:43.in Bavaria, and officials told us it At that rate, Germany will break
:03:44. > :03:52.last year's total of 1.1 million A few men were separated,
:03:53. > :04:00.papers suggested they had already While others went on to refugee
:04:01. > :04:19.hostels and the unlucky few were taken off for
:04:20. > :04:20.probable deportation. In the vastness of the Bavarian
:04:21. > :04:22.mountains certain things are becoming chillingly
:04:23. > :04:28.clear for Germany. Notably the failure
:04:29. > :04:30.to reach European solutions and the implications
:04:31. > :04:34.for this country. In this remote resort,
:04:35. > :04:38.Wildbad Kreuth, the CSU, the Bavarian branch
:04:39. > :04:39.of Angela Merkel's party, And they were in a state of revolt
:04:40. > :04:49.over their leader's So we need a quick solution
:04:50. > :04:53.and a quick solution means that we have to consider border
:04:54. > :04:55.controls at national level, that we have to recheck immigrants
:04:56. > :05:01.that come to Bavaria in a very high And we want to make clear that this
:05:02. > :05:13.is just not manageable. How long has it got,
:05:14. > :05:15.do you think, before Germany imposes full border controls and takes
:05:16. > :05:19.matters into its own hand? I think it is a question of days
:05:20. > :05:27.or weeks, but not months. A German unilateral solution
:05:28. > :05:36.with untold consequences In an attempt to staunch more
:05:37. > :05:54.trouble, Mrs Merkel came to Kreuth. Her emphasis, even now,
:05:55. > :05:57.is one of joint solutions But the record so far,
:05:58. > :06:00.and actions of neighbours in taking unilateral steps, suggests Germany
:06:01. > :06:03.is reaching a moment of decision. Frankly, I do not really see
:06:04. > :06:05.the signals in Brussels now. Facts are being created
:06:06. > :06:10.on the ground, we're seeing Austria Potentially then closing
:06:11. > :06:13.its borders. Because that is what
:06:14. > :06:15.it implicitly means. So she certainly is seriously
:06:16. > :06:23.running out of time. Hundreds of miles to the north,
:06:24. > :06:29.the Bavarian situation is making In an attempt to ease the tensions,
:06:30. > :06:34.several Berlin museums have signed up to a programme,
:06:35. > :06:41.using refugees as guides. Educating both the Arab-speaking
:06:42. > :06:46.new arrivals and German visitors. Salma Jreige came 18
:06:47. > :06:50.months ago from Syria. She's hoping Chancellor Merkel
:06:51. > :06:55.doesn't abandon her asylum policy. Even though she has a lot
:06:56. > :07:02.of opponents right now who don't agree with this precise
:07:03. > :07:03.policy with refugees, but she's carrying on and at
:07:04. > :07:07.the same time there are a lot of people who are encouraging her
:07:08. > :07:10.and the people, the refugees themselves, really appreciate this
:07:11. > :07:13.because they're sensing that Germany is giving them more opportunities
:07:14. > :07:21.than other European countries are. So I say carry on and
:07:22. > :07:24.as in Arabic we say.. But in Berlin, and elsewhere,
:07:25. > :07:28.the new year's events in Cologne In the district of Landshut
:07:29. > :07:39.in Bavaria the local mayor has He recently packed a bus full
:07:40. > :07:46.of refugees off to Berlin because he said there's
:07:47. > :07:48.no more room here. With dozens more arriving each week,
:07:49. > :07:51.the mayor says he fears social Mr Dreier directed us to this place,
:07:52. > :08:24.one of several centres for hundreds So, back in October they ran out
:08:25. > :08:39.of space in proper hostels and they've just had to open places
:08:40. > :08:43.like this up one after the other, disused retail warehouses,
:08:44. > :08:45.a school's being considered in another case and they've had 180
:08:46. > :08:50.people in here since October. Cooped up here for months,
:08:51. > :08:52.little wonder boredom People told us they didn't feel
:08:53. > :08:57.safe, that there were frequent fights between different
:08:58. > :09:03.sectarian groups. Families, meanwhile,
:09:04. > :09:06.tried to maintain some semblance And here, too, we found even
:09:07. > :09:17.Syrian refugees urging the German Government
:09:18. > :09:52.to find a plan B. This is one of hundreds of temporary
:09:53. > :09:55.refuges across Germany and with 3,000-plus new arrivals
:09:56. > :10:02.daily, even Merkel loyalists I expect that from spring
:10:03. > :10:09.on the figures will go up again and then we will be facing two
:10:10. > :10:12.million and I think this is not Plan B would be much more popular,
:10:13. > :10:24.which would be really to reject I know also that we are capable
:10:25. > :10:28.of doing it because the federal police and the army would be capable
:10:29. > :10:31.to secure the border. And they would just
:10:32. > :10:41.have to be triggered. The German Government still hopes
:10:42. > :10:43.to push its neighbours into doing more but in Bavaria a clear
:10:44. > :10:49.picture is emerging. People are still arriving in numbers
:10:50. > :10:50.that local authorities It's a situation fraught with risk
:10:51. > :10:56.for the European project Joining me now from Brussels
:10:57. > :11:11.is the German MEP Elmar Brok, a firm supporter of Angela Merkel
:11:12. > :11:14.and the Chairman of the European Parliament Committee
:11:15. > :11:20.on Foreign Affairs. Evening to you. I don't know if you
:11:21. > :11:23.listened to that. If the rest of Europe doesn't join Germany in
:11:24. > :11:27.trying to shoulder the number of people coming in, do you think
:11:28. > :11:39.Germany can go on receiving this number? Germany does not want to go
:11:40. > :11:42.on, Mrs Merkel doesn't want to go on. We have to look into
:11:43. > :11:47.possibilities people stay home, finish the war in Syria and Iraq,
:11:48. > :11:55.have an agreement with Turkey, have better Turkey border controls, build
:11:56. > :11:59.hot spots in Greece and Greece should take responsibilities so less
:12:00. > :12:03.refugees come, people can stay at home or in their camps there, have
:12:04. > :12:08.to give more European support after the war they can go back and only
:12:09. > :12:13.people come to Europe that will have the right to come because they're
:12:14. > :12:18.running away from war. The real asylum seekers must be afraid for
:12:19. > :12:22.their lives, because of political and religious reasons or whatsoever
:12:23. > :12:27.and then it's do-able. But we have to become better and the same is for
:12:28. > :12:29.northern Africa. Are you disappointed with the fact that
:12:30. > :12:33.European project, Germany, right at the heart of the whole dream of a
:12:34. > :12:37.united Europe, and a crisis like this comes along and everybody
:12:38. > :12:41.scurries away and looks after their own backyard and says you can deal
:12:42. > :12:46.with it, Germany, on your own. You must be utterly distraught at what
:12:47. > :12:51.it says about the rest of Europe, aren't you? No, we are annoyed with
:12:52. > :12:56.some countries, not all of them, Sweden took a lot of
:12:57. > :13:00.responsibilities. They took more per capita than anyone else. We are in
:13:01. > :13:06.the alone in that sense. Enough is enough, we have to do it in a decent
:13:07. > :13:12.way and build fences around every European country. I think that is
:13:13. > :13:15.not a solution. The freedom, the peace in Europe, the chances of the
:13:16. > :13:20.internal market which can only survive with free movement of
:13:21. > :13:25.people, and free movement of goods, is so important for our success
:13:26. > :13:30.story of the last 50, 60 years, we have to deal with that in another
:13:31. > :13:35.way, to look into the causes, solve that, much more money, much more
:13:36. > :13:38.interventions and to look in outside borders where we have plans but not
:13:39. > :13:42.all the countries have implemented it and here you have to put more
:13:43. > :13:49.pressures. What happens if they don't? I understand your plan A. But
:13:50. > :13:54.what if the rest of the people players needed to make that work, if
:13:55. > :13:57.they don't deliver, how long do you think Germany's political stability
:13:58. > :14:03.will take three or 4,000 people arriving a day?
:14:04. > :14:12.We have had some progress, in November and December it was 12,000
:14:13. > :14:16.per day, now 2000, 3000. Because of the weather. But it is still too
:14:17. > :14:22.much and we have got to work on that. The next step is the European
:14:23. > :14:28.Council on February the 18th and we have to solve a lot of problems
:14:29. > :14:34.before March when the Mediterranean can be used more. We should not come
:14:35. > :14:41.to the situation when more people die in the Mediterranean, that is
:14:42. > :14:48.inhuman and we need a solution to people in front of the borders, if
:14:49. > :14:53.you look at the Balkans, I'm afraid that might explode again as it is
:14:54. > :15:01.done over the last century several times. And we must start to think
:15:02. > :15:08.about Plan B, as the last chance. Plan A is not successful. Many
:15:09. > :15:14.critics of Angela Merkel and her open-door policy, how dangerous is
:15:15. > :15:18.this for Angela Merkel, who is the de facto leader to some extent of
:15:19. > :15:25.the European Union, how dangerous is it for her? If there is no solution
:15:26. > :15:36.it is dangerous for every responsible person. 12 million
:15:37. > :15:40.refugees in Syria and Iraq, 60 million around the world, they look
:15:41. > :15:44.to Europe because Europe is the most successful part of the world, a
:15:45. > :15:51.success story. Peace, freedom and prosperity. And we have to do our
:15:52. > :15:54.job in that way, people need to be helped and they must get our
:15:55. > :15:59.support, but not the others. And we have to make a better European
:16:00. > :16:03.solution, it was not possible to provide that before the cost member
:16:04. > :16:07.states did not follow us to get this European solution because of debates
:16:08. > :16:14.about national sovereignty. That has got to be changed now. We have the
:16:15. > :16:18.biggest challenge that Europe has faced for the past 50 or 60 years.
:16:19. > :16:25.No one was prepared for that and we've got to find a solution. To
:16:26. > :16:30.destroy free movement, the internal market, would be a win for the
:16:31. > :16:34.terrorists. The enemies of Europe. Because then you destroyed the basis
:16:35. > :16:37.of our success story which we had for our citizens and we should not
:16:38. > :16:45.allow that and so we should push, everyone, including Germany, to find
:16:46. > :16:51.a solution that makes it possible to follow our responsibilities for the
:16:52. > :16:58.lives of people out at the same time not a burden. If you talk about
:16:59. > :17:04.Cologne, there were people from Morocco and Algeria, they have no
:17:05. > :17:08.right to come to the European Union, they're not asylum seekers, not
:17:09. > :17:12.running away from a war. So we develop instruments, hotspots in
:17:13. > :17:13.Greece and Italy and other places where these people can be found out
:17:14. > :17:17.early and sent on. Thank you. Well, Germany is just one country -
:17:18. > :17:20.but across Europe, the refrain that "this can't go on" is
:17:21. > :17:22.becoming a familiar one. We woke up this morning to news that
:17:23. > :17:25.at an Amsterdam meeting yesterday, EU Interior Ministers
:17:26. > :17:27.were contemplating some kind The key issue for them is Greece,
:17:28. > :17:31.which is not enforcing Bluntly, Ministers have asked
:17:32. > :17:36.whether it should be kicked out of Schengen, with the
:17:37. > :17:42.external border moved in. Some kind of emergency
:17:43. > :17:44.reintroduction of borders is allowed for two years under
:17:45. > :17:45.the Schengen Treaty. A little earlier, I spoke
:17:46. > :17:56.to the Greek Migration Minister, I asked him to respond to those
:17:57. > :18:02.accusations that Greece was not doing enough to maintain its
:18:03. > :18:11.borders. Yesterday it was said that the way that Greece has secured the
:18:12. > :18:16.borders is what we would do in the same situation, so there are several
:18:17. > :18:26.wise that they're saying. For us, against my country, and I believe it
:18:27. > :18:29.is not the best way to affirm these big issues. Whatever the rights in
:18:30. > :18:35.the Bronx, many in Western Europe, Northern Europe, and the solution is
:18:36. > :18:41.for Greece no longer to be in the borderless Schengen zone. To kick
:18:42. > :18:44.Greece out of that zone because Greece is not maintaining the
:18:45. > :18:50.external border as they wanted it to be maintained. What is your response
:18:51. > :18:57.to the idea that for an emergency period, Greece is out of the
:18:58. > :19:04.Schengen zone? First of all if someone talks about the history of
:19:05. > :19:13.immigration, they would not leave it, would not think this is
:19:14. > :19:15.something that could occur. Yesterday in this ministerial
:19:16. > :19:26.conference, no one said anything like that. Only the Minister for
:19:27. > :19:34.Belgium who said that we had to push back. This is illegal. And that
:19:35. > :19:38.Greece must be a place where there will be a camp for 400,000.
:19:39. > :19:44.Certainly Belgium has spoken about this idea of having huge camps in
:19:45. > :19:53.Greece. You refer to that. And also push back. The Belgians said to push
:19:54. > :19:58.them back into the sea. The Belgians said go against the law. I do not
:19:59. > :20:03.care if you drown them. I want them pushed back. And probably no one in
:20:04. > :20:09.the conference of ministers accepted that. Just to be clear, the Belgians
:20:10. > :20:17.wanted you to push people into the sea as a solution to the problem?
:20:18. > :20:22.Yes yes. Back to the issue of the camps, there are people who think
:20:23. > :20:28.that one temporary arrangement would be to have very large camps in
:20:29. > :20:35.Greece, where refugees are safe and from where they then go home to
:20:36. > :20:45.Syria after the war, say, is over. Does that have any appeal to you? If
:20:46. > :20:52.you look at history, you will see the only period of history in which
:20:53. > :21:03.there were camps for 400,000 prisoners, it was the period of the
:21:04. > :21:09.Nazis. If you do not see this period there is no other period in history
:21:10. > :21:17.in which there were camps for 400,000 prisoners. And refugees are
:21:18. > :21:23.not prisoners. I wonder who you blame for the difficult situation,
:21:24. > :21:30.that Europe is in customer I do not want to be a part of this lame game.
:21:31. > :21:36.Greece wants to be a part of the solution. -- blame game. To act in
:21:37. > :21:46.Europe in a unilateral way is something, you cannot be a member of
:21:47. > :21:49.Europe, you cannot participate in a programme for agriculture or you
:21:50. > :21:53.take money, not participate in an educational programme because you
:21:54. > :22:01.take money, but when Europe needs you you close the borders. You make
:22:02. > :22:08.prisoners. You ask to drown people. This is not Europe. I cannot tell
:22:09. > :22:15.whether you are sad or angry today? I'm not angry. I am a minister and
:22:16. > :22:20.ministers must not be angry. A minister must keep the door open. We
:22:21. > :22:29.want to find a solution. But we are tied. We have all these people, all
:22:30. > :22:35.the refugees. First of all they pass from us. You have to imagine during
:22:36. > :22:41.the summer, 10,000 per day were passing from an island with 3000
:22:42. > :22:47.population. You have to imagine that the Adjani in the sea, that everyday
:22:48. > :22:54.people collect bodies from the coast. -- they are drowning in the
:22:55. > :23:00.sea. Thank you very much. Ever since the suicide of a young
:23:01. > :23:02.Tory activist in September, the party has been beset
:23:03. > :23:05.by allegations that it failed to act over allegations of bullying
:23:06. > :23:08.in its youth wing - we've reported repeatedly
:23:09. > :23:12.on the scandal on this programme. The party has tried to draw a line
:23:13. > :23:16.under the affair by asking law firm Clifford Chance to
:23:17. > :23:20.conduct an inquiry. But many of those involved remain
:23:21. > :23:22.unconvinced that the party is really Ten potential witnesses have told
:23:23. > :23:26.Newsnight they feel reluctant to give evidence to the inquiry
:23:27. > :23:29.because a former associate of the man at the centre
:23:30. > :23:33.of the scandal - Mark Clarke - has a role in deciding
:23:34. > :23:38.the party's response. For four months his parents have
:23:39. > :23:43.campaigned relentlessly for justice for their son but only now
:23:44. > :23:47.is Alison Johnson ready to speak on camera about what happened
:23:48. > :23:49.to Elliott and the family's We live out in the back water
:23:50. > :23:55.so they probably think, oh well, you know, if we silence
:23:56. > :23:58.them they'll go away quietly Every day just drifts into another
:23:59. > :24:05.when you don't know anything. The student vote is
:24:06. > :24:08.really important... Elliott was found dead on a train
:24:09. > :24:11.track last September. He left a note saying
:24:12. > :24:15.he had been bullied. Rather than being treated
:24:16. > :24:18.as grieving parents, the Johnsons felt like the inquiry
:24:19. > :24:20.into what happened was putting We also heard they wanted
:24:21. > :24:25.to interview my husband and myself individually to find out
:24:26. > :24:28.what our stories were. Well, it's not a story,
:24:29. > :24:30.it's the facts. Mrs Johnson is not the only one
:24:31. > :24:39.who doubts the party can get to the bottom of what
:24:40. > :24:45.happened to her son. He is one of the most senior Tories
:24:46. > :24:52.you have never heard of. As the leader of Tory
:24:53. > :24:56.volunteers across the country, he sits on the board that
:24:57. > :24:58.will consider the official party But for many Semple appears too
:24:59. > :25:02.close to Mark Clarke, the man at the centre
:25:03. > :25:05.of the bullying allegations. Here's Clarke endorsing Semple
:25:06. > :25:16.on a campaign leaflet. Rob understands how
:25:17. > :25:18.to engage with activists His support was
:25:19. > :25:20.crucial to delivering both the road trip 2015
:25:21. > :25:23.and the battle bus 2015 projects. He has the vision, leadership,
:25:24. > :25:41.competence and credibility to do From everything I have seen Mark
:25:42. > :25:47.Clark was effectively acting as campaign manager for Rob Semple.
:25:48. > :25:51.From information I have seen and had sent to me, it would appear that
:25:52. > :26:02.Mark Clarke was heavily lobbying people to vote for Rob Semple. Party
:26:03. > :26:04.chairman Lord Feldman has already recused himself from considering the
:26:05. > :26:10.enquiry and so too has this man, the deputy chairman. But Rob Semple is
:26:11. > :26:16.going nowhere, despite 15 potential witnesses to the enquiry telling the
:26:17. > :26:20.programme wanted to step away from it all together. A number said that
:26:21. > :26:24.his presence makes him when it and to talk to the enquiry. People may
:26:25. > :26:29.think there is a conflict of interest but the fact they think
:26:30. > :26:32.they may be shows why Rob Semple should do the honourable thing and
:26:33. > :26:37.stand down. People think he is a friend or colleague, or that Mark
:26:38. > :26:41.Clarke helped him get in that position. It might be true, it might
:26:42. > :26:48.not, the fact that they think that, it shows that this enquiry will be
:26:49. > :26:53.tainted by his involvement. He should do the decent thing and
:26:54. > :26:57.realise any enquiry conducted by the Conservative Party in which he takes
:26:58. > :27:01.part, it has got to be questioned by the general public at large. People
:27:02. > :27:05.will ask how can a man associated with Mark Clarke be seen to be a
:27:06. > :27:12.person that is overseeing part of the enquiry. But tonight Rob Semple
:27:13. > :27:13.told Newsnight he was not in touch with Mark Clarke and he was staying
:27:14. > :27:14.put. He told us, I'm committed
:27:15. > :27:16.to ensuring that the highest possible standards of
:27:17. > :27:18.behaviour are upheld. I will ensure Clifford Chance's
:27:19. > :27:21.findings will be honoured in full. I urge witnesses to come forward
:27:22. > :27:27.so that the full facts are known. And the party maintained,
:27:28. > :27:30.Rob Semple is not being asked to step down from the board
:27:31. > :27:42.when the report is delivered. Fresh from a general election
:27:43. > :27:46.victory, and with the Labour Party in disarray, on the face of it the
:27:47. > :27:51.Conservative Party is in rude health. Not so says one veteran
:27:52. > :27:57.member of the party. This is a much wider problem the Conservative Party
:27:58. > :28:01.is got, that there is not accountability for those that run
:28:02. > :28:07.the party, little transparency, and no democracy. Without those things
:28:08. > :28:13.you find vested interests have enormous power within the party. And
:28:14. > :28:17.things happen you could never explain except as a result of vested
:28:18. > :28:21.interests. Before the crisis you've seen over the years, how do you rank
:28:22. > :28:26.this? This is the biggest of all, the absolute biggest of all. The
:28:27. > :28:31.party can no longer treat its members with contempt in the way it
:28:32. > :28:38.has done in the past. And which it is still doing. That is how the
:28:39. > :28:40.Johnson feel. Tonight Lord running the enquiry said they were sorry to
:28:41. > :28:44.learn of the families concerned about the proposed separate
:28:45. > :28:48.interviews. But they say they're happy to discuss alternatives.
:28:49. > :28:51.Brazil is taking measures to fight the zika virus and the mosquitoes
:28:52. > :28:55.The disease has so far caused more than 3,000 cases
:28:56. > :28:57.of microcephaly in babies - the condition of shrunken heads
:28:58. > :29:02.But how does the disease affect people as they grow up?
:29:03. > :29:05.One parent from Manaus in the north of the country,
:29:06. > :29:08.Viviane Lima, has two teenage daughters who live
:29:09. > :29:14.Maria Luisa and Ana Vitoria developed it as a result
:29:15. > :29:18.of a genetic condition - NOT zika, but her story gives some
:29:19. > :30:17.insight into the little known disease.
:30:18. > :30:19.Worries over the zika virus and its potential impact this
:30:20. > :30:32.There is concern that it could be transmitted sexually.
:30:33. > :30:35.The evidence of sexual transmission is anecdotal but there are two cases
:30:36. > :30:37.- going back some years - that raise that prospect.
:30:38. > :30:40.Professor Brian Foy who is himself a researcher on insect-borne
:30:41. > :30:48.disease at Colorado State University.
:30:49. > :30:51.And joining me in the studio is Jeremy Farrar, professor
:30:52. > :30:55.of infectious diseases and director of the Wellcome Trust.
:30:56. > :31:03.Brian Foy, you were in Sennegal, you contracted something and went back
:31:04. > :31:09.to Colorado, give us the brief story. Well, this is a story that we
:31:10. > :31:16.published in a periodic journal, my colleagues and I back in 2011 and it
:31:17. > :31:23.documented anonymously a report of two scientists in Senegal brought
:31:24. > :31:29.back viral diseases - one of them transmitted to his wife. A clever
:31:30. > :31:38.science group reporter from Science Magazine read our article and
:31:39. > :31:43.basically, we were doing research in southern Sennegal on malaria and we
:31:44. > :31:49.were getting bitten by a lot of mosquitos, we came down and when we
:31:50. > :31:55.got home with symptoms of diseases and so we got our blood tested. We
:31:56. > :32:00.thought that was it. We September our blood to the CDC and I kept some
:32:01. > :32:10.in my laboratory but soon after my wife came down with the same
:32:11. > :32:14.symptoms of rash and we included that, we took her blood, as well,
:32:15. > :32:19.and sent it to the CDC and it took a long at that time to figure out what
:32:20. > :32:23.was going on, this happened back in tweet-9. Eventually we found out it
:32:24. > :32:27.was the zika virus and we pshed this report and in a lot of the evidence
:32:28. > :32:29.suggests that it was direct transmission, probably sexual
:32:30. > :32:36.transmission. You have got children, I think, correct? They didn't seem
:32:37. > :32:39.to get it? They did not. Are there any other ways, any other theorys,
:32:40. > :32:43.obviously sexual transmission is one. But lots of things, lots of
:32:44. > :32:47.intimate contact you could have had with your wife, maybe she got it
:32:48. > :32:55.from sweat, all sorts of things one could imagine, no? Of course. That's
:32:56. > :33:04.why it's circumstancesal evidence but it's strongly - it suggests
:33:05. > :33:08.sexual transmission. There was other things, there was - none of my
:33:09. > :33:13.children got it and I was wrestling and playing with them as soon as I
:33:14. > :33:18.got home, as well. We deduced from all the lines of reasoning it was
:33:19. > :33:21.probably sexual transmission. That sat Father a long time, in the
:33:22. > :33:27.outbreak before the current outbreak in the South Pacific it looks like
:33:28. > :33:31.another person, another man, they actually isolated the virus from his
:33:32. > :33:35.semen after he became sick with zika. At least two data points
:33:36. > :33:39.suggesting the virus could be transmitted sexually. I did want to
:33:40. > :33:43.ask about that. I think I read in the New York Times that one of your
:33:44. > :33:47.infection symptoms was you had blood in the semen. I am wondering, don't
:33:48. > :33:52.want to get too personal, but whether we can be sure it was semen
:33:53. > :33:57.or blood that was the bodily fluid that was carrying the virus? That's
:33:58. > :34:02.true. Of course, no isolations were done. The only isolation was done
:34:03. > :34:05.with this other man. It is circumstancesal evidence, there is
:34:06. > :34:09.no doubt about it. We do have two data points now and it suggests a
:34:10. > :34:13.likelihood it could happen, the real question is how probable it happens.
:34:14. > :34:17.Certainly in this current large outbreak there is no doubt that
:34:18. > :34:22.mosquitos are primarily transmitting it to most people. You wouldn't have
:34:23. > :34:28.discovered it if you didn't happen to be in a person interested in
:34:29. > :34:35.insect-borne diseases and infection? Ironically, yes. Thank you very
:34:36. > :34:40.much. Jeremy Farrar, do you buy the sexual transmission theory? In
:34:41. > :34:44.Brian's case, absolutely. He's done an amazing job to highlight that
:34:45. > :34:46.potential root of transmission. It wouldn't have happened if he had not
:34:47. > :34:50.been a biologist with an expert in that space. Whether it's in the
:34:51. > :34:53.semen or in the blood that happened, I think the fact that it was
:34:54. > :34:59.sexually transmitted is pretty declare. Do we know much about this
:35:00. > :35:04.blasted thing? It feels like we are still - this is 2008, so it's been
:35:05. > :35:09.around a while. It's been around a long time. We seem ignorant of it.
:35:10. > :35:13.Been around since 1947 I think off the top of my head. It's caused
:35:14. > :35:17.outbreaks in the Pacific Ocean, in Africa, in Asia and of course in
:35:18. > :35:21.south America now. But what's changed is the scale of this
:35:22. > :35:26.outbreak. We have seen an outbreak in Brazil, we think probably 1. 5 to
:35:27. > :35:30.2 million people infected. We have seen it spreading through south
:35:31. > :35:36.America to central America. This is - the virus is carried by mosquitos
:35:37. > :35:42.and the particular mosquito that's carried it is beautifully adapted to
:35:43. > :35:48.the 21st century and it will spread further. If it is sexually
:35:49. > :35:52.transmitted as well, that's awful, isn't it? That's going to
:35:53. > :35:55.particularly affect the group who are most vulnerable and need to
:35:56. > :35:58.protect themselves most, which are women of child-bearing age or are
:35:59. > :36:03.likely to be pregnant. The critical point is how common is the sexually
:36:04. > :36:06.transmission? We have billions of mosquitos beautifully able to
:36:07. > :36:09.transmit this infection and I think that is where the focus has got to
:36:10. > :36:13.be. But as we learn more about this infection and we learn that sexual
:36:14. > :36:18.transmission is potential then we should be humble and accept that we
:36:19. > :36:24.don't know that much about zika and it's critical that research is done
:36:25. > :36:29.so we learn how it's transmitted and how it causes this microcephaly in
:36:30. > :36:33.children. The word vaccine comes in, this is a viral disease, is it
:36:34. > :36:37.something they're going to be able to knock up in a year? Or have they
:36:38. > :36:41.been looking at it for years and said this is a real tough nut to
:36:42. > :36:45.crack? No, we are a long way behind F you compare, let's compare, for
:36:46. > :36:49.instance Ebola, we were fortunate with that, there was a vaccine that
:36:50. > :36:53.was in a freezer at the national institute of health in the United
:36:54. > :36:57.States which many of us could work on and we got a vaccine. Within 12
:36:58. > :37:03.months or so. That's unprecedented. We are not at that stage with zika.
:37:04. > :37:05.We don't have a vaccine, a potential vaccine in somebody's laboratory
:37:06. > :37:07.We don't have a vaccine, a potential freezer or in a company that we
:37:08. > :37:10.could take it through in a year. We are not going to have a vaccine for
:37:11. > :37:14.this in 12 months sdmrchlt we are having to start from scratch
:37:15. > :37:18.basically? Yeah, and we have to think, this is part of a continued
:37:19. > :37:20.pattern of the emergence of new infections for which we have no
:37:21. > :37:26.treatment, we have no vaccine, and we are not able to fully control it.
:37:27. > :37:28.We have to - our research agenda has got to get stronger around this.
:37:29. > :37:31.Thank you both very much. For a long time - since before
:37:32. > :37:34.the death of Steve Jobs - have people predicted that best days
:37:35. > :37:37.of Apple are behind it. After such a run of good form,
:37:38. > :37:40.a fall in fortunes is surely due. This evening, we got the latest
:37:41. > :37:43.results of the company, which showed Apple reporting
:37:44. > :37:45.lower-than-expected iPhone sales It's a struggle to grow
:37:46. > :37:57.at the old pace, once And other companies can
:37:58. > :38:01.make them just as well. Joining me from New York
:38:02. > :38:03.is the Journalism professor and technology
:38:04. > :38:15.commentator, Jeff Jarvis. Any clue in these
:38:16. > :38:20.that Apple's best days are behind it? One never wants to predict that
:38:21. > :38:23.but since the death of Steve Jobs we haven't seen any great surprise and
:38:24. > :38:28.the sales of iPhones are now flat. There are a total of one billion
:38:29. > :38:31.Apple devices in the world and 1. 4 billion android devices in the
:38:32. > :38:35.world. I don't know where Apple goes next is the problem. I love my
:38:36. > :38:37.smartphone too and I do buy them regularly but there hasn't been a
:38:38. > :38:41.great surprise in the entire industry lately. We are not going to
:38:42. > :38:45.have two or three each, clearly that does limit that market. Let's talk
:38:46. > :38:50.about some of the other products around. Do you have an opinion on
:38:51. > :38:58.the watch? Clearly the watch hasn't been a breakthrough like the tablet
:38:59. > :39:03.and the iPad and iPhone? I have a Google watch and it's nice to have
:39:04. > :39:07.and I enjoy it. Is it a life-changer? Absolutely not. Is it
:39:08. > :39:11.a necessity? No. That's not going to be it. What about the car? Google
:39:12. > :39:16.obviously are more public about what they're doing on the car. Apple
:39:17. > :39:21.famously are secretive on it but are clearly working on a car, everyone
:39:22. > :39:27.assumes they are. Is that going to be at some point the great new
:39:28. > :39:30.thing? The car industry is hard, just ask the entire nation of
:39:31. > :39:33.America how we have fared lately. There's going to be plenty of
:39:34. > :39:38.competition. The German auto industry is hot on to this, the
:39:39. > :39:44.Japanese auto industry will be, as well. Google has made hints. I think
:39:45. > :39:49.the technology is going to be trying to reinvent the operating system of
:39:50. > :39:54.the car. It's now a six-year design cycle. Apple could make a difference
:39:55. > :40:02.there. Is that an easy business, no. Is it quick, no. Who knows. There is
:40:03. > :40:05.a phrase that says if you are supersuccessful, ultimately, you
:40:06. > :40:10.tend to gravitate back to average again. You have seen all these
:40:11. > :40:14.fantastic companies in the world that have been unassailable and they
:40:15. > :40:19.find themselves looking pretty normal. At some point Apple maybe
:40:20. > :40:23.our expectations have to be that Apple will drift down. It will just
:40:24. > :40:28.have to effectively become more normal as a company as time passes?
:40:29. > :40:32.Well, you are right, it is that horrible issue of capitalism always
:40:33. > :40:38.expecting more and more and more, like a greedy parent wanting the kid
:40:39. > :40:41.to do better in school. So, January al's performance is amazing and
:40:42. > :40:44.historic profit -- Apple. It cannot keep up with that level of growth
:40:45. > :40:49.and can in the keep up without diversity. Google is now into many
:40:50. > :40:55.areas. Apple is, I mean, Amazon rather is huge, not only in the
:40:56. > :41:00.sales but also in the cloud. But Apple is pretty much a one-note
:41:01. > :41:04.wonder right now which is phones and devices, it hasn't been big on
:41:05. > :41:11.social, in the cloud, it hasn't been big on entertainment, even though
:41:12. > :41:16.it's a huge distributor, compare to to Amazon or Netflix. They can't use
:41:17. > :41:20.their huge cash flow to buy things. I am in the sure what I would do if
:41:21. > :41:25.I were Cook. Thank you very much indeed.
:41:26. > :41:40.Plenty more wind and rain in the forecast I am afraid. A messy start
:41:41. > :41:44.to the day with strong winds across parts of England and Wales and that
:41:45. > :41:45.will linger all day across southern counties. Improving