:00:00. > :00:08.Tonight, Newsnight learns the Vote Leave campaign
:00:09. > :00:11.is embarking on a new strategy, aimed at securing their core vote.
:00:12. > :00:14.Immigration will become their main issue.
:00:15. > :00:16.Expect to hear much less on issues of sovreignty.
:00:17. > :00:23.Our political editor Nick Watt has the story.
:00:24. > :00:29.Are you trying to run a positive and outward looking campaign but with
:00:30. > :00:32.evidence showing that turnout will be low, they have now decided to
:00:33. > :00:36.embark on a classic appeal to their base. -- the Leave campaign are
:00:37. > :00:38.trying to run. Also tonight, what does the narrow
:00:39. > :00:40.election of a Green president instead of one from the Far Right
:00:41. > :00:43.tell us about Austria and Europe? His supporters are cheering but this
:00:44. > :00:46.has been the narrowest of victories and Austria, much like Europe
:00:47. > :00:49.itself, is now a place of deeply How do you win an election campaign
:00:50. > :00:53.above all the shouting We speak to the man who ran
:00:54. > :00:58.Obama's 2012 presidential Andd previously unknown paintings
:00:59. > :01:08.by one of Britain's foremost 20th century artists
:01:09. > :01:10.Francis Bacon come to light, under the watchful eye
:01:11. > :01:12.of our arts correspondent, Four years after he died,
:01:13. > :01:15.a room was found which everyone had forgotten about with a lot
:01:16. > :01:17.of paintings in Newsnight has learnt of a change
:01:18. > :01:31.of strategy at the heart of the Vote Leave campaign,
:01:32. > :01:33.to help them get The campaign appears to be
:01:34. > :01:44.acknowledging that the economic argument has been harder to sell
:01:45. > :01:46.than they anticipated. As a result, the group campaigning
:01:47. > :01:49.for Britain to leave the EU on June 23rd will decide
:01:50. > :01:51.to stress their core The change of strategy has led
:01:52. > :01:55.to unease in some quarters, but the group insists this
:01:56. > :01:57.was always going to be the plan Our political editor Nick Watt has
:01:58. > :02:08.the story and is here with me now. Tell us what you are hearing. It is
:02:09. > :02:15.a difficult week for a Vote Leave. A succession of opinion polls has
:02:16. > :02:18.shown that the momentum is with Remain. The Vote Leave campaign,
:02:19. > :02:21.people are saying that they are not getting the economic risk argument
:02:22. > :02:25.across. But they are saying that there is a path to victory because
:02:26. > :02:29.another thing that pollsters are telling them is that turnout is
:02:30. > :02:33.going to be low. A low turnout is good for the Brexit campaign,
:02:34. > :02:36.because their supporters are more energised, but you have to get them
:02:37. > :02:40.out, and therefore, you have to talk to them and talk to them with core
:02:41. > :02:46.messages. Hence that focus on immigration. But it is interesting,
:02:47. > :02:48.people in the campaign are saying that this was always their
:02:49. > :02:51.intention. One person I spoke to said to me that this was all part of
:02:52. > :02:55.the strategy, we wanted to go hard on a liberal message at the start of
:02:56. > :03:00.the campaign and then we would go very hard on the NHS and immigration
:03:01. > :03:04.at the end. Well, I have to say, when I was chatting to similar
:03:05. > :03:08.people earlier in the year, that was not the message I got. The message
:03:09. > :03:14.was that we mustn't define our campaign on immigration because
:03:15. > :03:18.there is a ceiling of 20-30% immigration, and guess what, you
:03:19. > :03:21.could then repel other voters. So this was not what they were meant to
:03:22. > :03:25.be doing at the beginning of the campaign. And your sense within the
:03:26. > :03:31.campaign, how popular is this going to be, how uneasy are people? What
:03:32. > :03:36.is the mood? Well, there is an ease and criticism. One of the defining
:03:37. > :03:41.moments was a speech that Michael Gove made on the 19th of April,
:03:42. > :03:44.which he opened with a great, positive, optimistic vision, saying
:03:45. > :03:48.that this is what Britain could do, a proper democracy, a positive
:03:49. > :03:52.vision. But one person in the campaign said that he then did two
:03:53. > :03:56.things that offended their pollen findings. The first point, he said
:03:57. > :04:00.that they could liberate the continent of Europe and could be a
:04:01. > :04:05.contagion across Europe. Pollan says, do not frighten the core
:04:06. > :04:08.voters, who are older voters. A word like contagion frightens them. The
:04:09. > :04:12.second thing he did, he said that Vote Leave did not want to be in the
:04:13. > :04:17.single market and he gave the impression, although he did not
:04:18. > :04:21.actually say, that we could have the same relationship with Albania. And
:04:22. > :04:26.polling shows that one area where the Vote Leave campaign is weak is
:04:27. > :04:30.on trade and the economy. We don't want to be like Albania? Important
:04:31. > :04:34.to say that there are strong criticisms of Michael Gove within
:04:35. > :04:38.the campaign but there are others with heartfelt concerns. One
:04:39. > :04:43.minister said that we are facing a soon army of facts from George
:04:44. > :04:48.Osborne, from Mark Carney, from the IMF, and what can we do? All we can
:04:49. > :04:54.do against that is play defence. The one thing that we can play
:04:55. > :04:57.offensively is immigration. This minister does not feel comfortable
:04:58. > :05:01.about that but that is the only area where they can set the agenda.
:05:02. > :05:05.Interestingly, the Prime Minister is on his way to the G7 Summit were
:05:06. > :05:10.officially Brexit is not coming up, but if you look at the timetable,
:05:11. > :05:14.you will find that there is a big discussion on Thursday about trade
:05:15. > :05:17.and who is chairing that? It is one David Cameron. No doubt he will be
:05:18. > :05:21.hoping that other world leaders around the summit table might
:05:22. > :05:27.possibly agree with him about the dangers of Brexit. So you sense
:05:28. > :05:33.overall, is this a big moment for Vote Leave? Wasn't always going to
:05:34. > :05:38.happen? It feels like one of those moments in a presidential referendum
:05:39. > :05:43.campaign where the polls suggest you are heading in a certain direction
:05:44. > :05:47.and the weakness in the campaign is absolutely exposed. But this is a
:05:48. > :05:52.snapshot of where we are now. Vote Leave say, we do have a path for
:05:53. > :05:55.victory, and it is important to say that Conservative and Labour MPs on
:05:56. > :06:02.the inside are saying that we appear to be winning the era war, but they
:06:03. > :06:06.are very nervous because on the ground they see voters that they
:06:07. > :06:10.thought would naturally sympathise with them saying that they do not
:06:11. > :06:14.like the European Union and it is a chance to get out. And we will be
:06:15. > :06:20.talking a little more about ground water of a different kind. -- ground
:06:21. > :06:21.war. What are we to make
:06:22. > :06:23.of the result of Austria's That the far right
:06:24. > :06:26.candidate didn't win? Or that he opened the way
:06:27. > :06:30.for a Green party leader? Norbert Hofer, the presidential
:06:31. > :06:32.candidate of Austria's Freedom Party came within a hair's breadth
:06:33. > :06:36.of becoming the European Union's first far right head of state
:06:37. > :06:38.since the Second World War. And, as Gabriel Gatehouse
:06:39. > :06:40.reports from Vienna, may be read across the parties
:06:41. > :06:44.of the populist right in Europe that It was the postal
:06:45. > :06:49.ballots that swung it. In the end, there were only
:06:50. > :06:51.about 30,000 votes in it but they were enough
:06:52. > :06:59.for Alexander Van der Bellen, an aristocratic economist,
:07:00. > :07:02.the establishment candidate but not from one of the two historically
:07:03. > :07:05.dominant parties, and crucially also He vowed to unite his country,
:07:06. > :07:11.and he has got quite Well, the supporters are cheering
:07:12. > :07:20.but this has been the narrowest of victories and Austria,
:07:21. > :07:22.much like Europe itself, is now a place of deeply
:07:23. > :07:26.polarised politics. For some of his supporters, there
:07:27. > :07:34.was relief more than jubilation. Not least for this Syrian woman,
:07:35. > :07:37.a Vienna resident of 30 years who has taken
:07:38. > :07:41.in relatives who fled the war. This morning on the streets
:07:42. > :07:44.of the capital, a fresh The Freedom Party may have lost this
:07:45. > :07:52.time but it's got its eyes Perhaps it was the horrible weather,
:07:53. > :08:03.but in district number 10, a neighbourhood of working-class
:08:04. > :08:05.Austrians and immigrants, it didn't In the cafes, they started
:08:06. > :08:11.drinking before noon. Most people we spoke
:08:12. > :08:14.to were Freedom Party supporters. We have got a new president
:08:15. > :08:18.and it is the same as for ten Vienna is proud of
:08:19. > :08:37.its cultural history. The Freedom Party has capitalised
:08:38. > :08:40.on fears among some Austrians that their country is being
:08:41. > :08:49.overwhelmed by immigrants. In the run-up to this election,
:08:50. > :08:52.one incident helped A cleaner, in her 50s,
:08:53. > :08:58.was clubbed to death in the street. The suspect is a Kenyan who had
:08:59. > :09:07.overstayed his visa. The case was widely covered
:09:08. > :09:10.and her funeral was attended Paul Stadler was elected mayor
:09:11. > :09:21.of this district last year, a neighbourhood that had for decades
:09:22. > :09:23.been a stronghold of He does not like being
:09:24. > :10:05.called a Nazi. Like many parties on the European
:10:06. > :10:08.rights, the Freedom Party makes a conscious effort to sound
:10:09. > :10:13.reasonable. But for some, the rhetoric has disturbing echoes. This
:10:14. > :10:22.woman was eight when Germany annexed Austria. She remembers the Nazis
:10:23. > :10:27.marching in. I could realise what it meant, it was only a little event in
:10:28. > :10:37.school. The first class or upper second class, we had to have praying
:10:38. > :10:42.in the morning, and the next day another teacher came in and said,
:10:43. > :10:48.Heil Hitler. That was a change. From one day to another. And when you
:10:49. > :10:57.look at politics in Austria today, and what has been happening in the
:10:58. > :11:04.past few weeks, what do you think? That they are all wolves. At first I
:11:05. > :11:17.am thinking, is it possible that young people didn't learn anything
:11:18. > :11:20.from history? To arouse these ideas? To be clear, the Freedom Party is
:11:21. > :11:26.not the Nazi party. It is attracting voters from the right and the left,
:11:27. > :11:33.on issues that range from identity to economic. The selection tells us
:11:34. > :11:36.something really quite startling about the extent to which, the speed
:11:37. > :11:41.at which people are losing faith in the old political consensus, the old
:11:42. > :11:47.duopoly of centre-left versus centre-right which has governed so
:11:48. > :11:51.much of Europe since the end of the Second World War. It is no longer
:11:52. > :11:55.right and left. It is the division of education, income, wealth. Of sex
:11:56. > :12:07.also, because many more female voters support the left. Today's
:12:08. > :12:13.front pages call Mr Van der Bellen half a president. Austria is not the
:12:14. > :12:17.only country in Europe today where the dividing line is between those
:12:18. > :12:20.who feel they are benefiting from globalisation and those who are sure
:12:21. > :12:24.that they are not. Those against it have called it
:12:25. > :12:26.a "declaration of war" and say the North Yorkshire Council
:12:27. > :12:29.is riding roughshod over their democracy and their right
:12:30. > :12:32.to clean air and water. But the UK shale gas
:12:33. > :12:35.industry has just recevied a major shot in the arm
:12:36. > :12:37.with the approval by the council of the first fracking
:12:38. > :12:40.application for five years. The vote came after two
:12:41. > :12:45.full days of hearings will first test for up to six weeks
:12:46. > :12:52.to see if the rock below ground is suitable and
:12:53. > :12:54.gas can be extracted without destabilising
:12:55. > :12:55.the ground around it. It will then need permission
:12:56. > :12:58.on a large scale, which would lead to several hundred
:12:59. > :13:04.wells across North Yorkshire. North Yorkshire is nothing
:13:05. > :13:10.if not beautiful. So there is nervousness and anger
:13:11. > :13:14.that the county council yesterday granted the first license
:13:15. > :13:16.for fracking since the government lifted the moratorium
:13:17. > :13:23.on the practice in 2012. It is a decision that will be
:13:24. > :13:32.watched across much of Frackers hope to get to get gas
:13:33. > :13:43.here from the Bowland shale, a geological feature that can be
:13:44. > :13:46.tapped across much of Officials estimate that the amount
:13:47. > :13:50.of gas in the sale is 13 times larger than all of the reserves
:13:51. > :13:53.still under the North Sea, plus all of the gas
:13:54. > :13:55.we have drawn from it. Although of course much
:13:56. > :13:57.will not be recoverable. You can see why the Treasury
:13:58. > :14:00.is pro-fracking, so why What we had to focus on was the site
:14:01. > :14:04.itself and whether this We weren't determining
:14:05. > :14:11.whether fracking should be allowed nationally,
:14:12. > :14:13.or whether the technology was safe, that was covered
:14:14. > :14:15.by an environmental permit. This was about the land use
:14:16. > :14:17.of the specific site. This is the site in question and it
:14:18. > :14:20.really isn't a beauty spot. This has proven quite
:14:21. > :14:30.a straightforward case drilling for gas for 20 years
:14:31. > :14:36.using The site behind me
:14:37. > :14:39.where the fracking will happen is already fully
:14:40. > :14:40.screened off and protected. It's true that they have to build
:14:41. > :14:43.a new drilling rig to go alongside the existing kit,
:14:44. > :14:46.but this is hardly unspoiled Less than a mile in that direction
:14:47. > :14:51.is Flamingo Land, a big One major concern about fracking
:14:52. > :14:57.is ground water being tainted but even that
:14:58. > :15:05.isn't a problem here. The target for fracking is between
:15:06. > :15:13.2000 and 10,000 metres below the ground. To get there, fractures will
:15:14. > :15:17.have to go through the millstone grit formation. But the water there
:15:18. > :15:21.does not circulate and is a line to begin with. Ground water at this
:15:22. > :15:25.site does not go anywhere that it might affect anything. But local
:15:26. > :15:29.people like this GP and his son are less worried about the drilling as
:15:30. > :15:32.much as what will come next. I am worried about the president. This
:15:33. > :15:37.well has already been drilled and we knew it would be a difficult one to
:15:38. > :15:42.fight. But it does set a precedent. This area of north Yorkshire is
:15:43. > :15:45.licensed to third Energy and other companies waiting in the wings to
:15:46. > :15:49.see how this went. The green light means that now they are chomping at
:15:50. > :15:53.the bit and we will see applications coming in thick and fast. We know
:15:54. > :15:58.from studies in America the ground water can be impacted from fracking.
:15:59. > :16:02.I think this well will not be a problem because of the absence of an
:16:03. > :16:08.underlying aquifer, but we know that the returned water can be spilled,
:16:09. > :16:14.and sometimes it links into ground water from a defect in the well it
:16:15. > :16:19.self. And once you pollute and aquifer, there is no way to clean
:16:20. > :16:22.it. It is the fear that North Yorkshire could be spoiled and
:16:23. > :16:26.overrun by fractures that has led smaller councils in the area to
:16:27. > :16:33.oppose the county decision. We put in an objection, as did another 14
:16:34. > :16:36.Parish councils in the district. But ultimately, the responsibility was
:16:37. > :16:40.made by North Yorkshire County Council, who are the minerals
:16:41. > :16:44.authority. If you are sceptic about fracking, there are two big public
:16:45. > :16:49.policy decisions to be thinking about. The first of these is our
:16:50. > :16:52.national energy policy. This government has set out that it once
:16:53. > :16:57.more gas-fired plants and more home produced gas to go into them.
:16:58. > :17:00.Secondly, the government is changing the way that English local
:17:01. > :17:04.government is financed, specifically around business rates. And it is
:17:05. > :17:08.changing them in a way that makes it more lucrative for local government
:17:09. > :17:12.to improve planning decisions for economic development. In short, they
:17:13. > :17:16.are making it more costly for your local councillors from 2020 to turn
:17:17. > :17:21.down applications for fracking sites.
:17:22. > :17:25.Few sites will be as ready for fracking as this one, but the
:17:26. > :17:27.frackers have a policy tailwind. With us here in the studio,
:17:28. > :17:30.Ken Cronin from UK Onshore Oil and Gas, which represents
:17:31. > :17:41.the fracking industry and Donna Hume Nice of you to come in. Donna, what
:17:42. > :17:45.is your paramount worry? Friends of the Earth is really concerned about
:17:46. > :17:49.two thing firstly that this decision is incredibly disappointing bike
:17:50. > :17:53.Yorkshire county council and has been done against the wishes of the
:17:54. > :17:59.local people who are overwhelmingly opposed, 99% of them, responses to
:18:00. > :18:04.the Council, didn't want it to go ahead. The other point is about
:18:05. > :18:07.climate change, this industry is looking to get more fossil fuels out
:18:08. > :18:10.of the ground, six months after David Cameron came back from Paris
:18:11. > :18:15.and said we need to be tackling climate change. If we are going to
:18:16. > :18:20.have fracking on an industrial scale, it is the wrong direction for
:18:21. > :18:25.the country's energy policy. Why would the industry wants to fly in
:18:26. > :18:30.the face of such vehement local opposition? That must feel awful. I
:18:31. > :18:37.don't think onshore energy, wind, solar, shale except, it always has
:18:38. > :18:41.that kind of protest movement and shale is no different. Do you think
:18:42. > :18:48.there is a protest group against wind power? Yes. Can I just say
:18:49. > :18:52.actually, three times more people would like to live next to a wind
:18:53. > :18:59.turbine and a fracking site and that is unsurprising in terms of the
:19:00. > :19:03.local impact -- than a fracking site. I spoke to a woman who lived
:19:04. > :19:07.close to the proposed site and she said that when the well was drilled
:19:08. > :19:13.a couple of years ago, she could feel it in her house, the noise was
:19:14. > :19:18.appalling. Third Energy offered triple glazing and a fan so that
:19:19. > :19:24.they could keep the windows shut in the summer months. The actual
:19:25. > :19:28.Yorkshire Council, they saw the evidence for that and the noise was
:19:29. > :19:33.coming from a farm close by, a milking machine rather than any
:19:34. > :19:38.milking activity. In terms of living close by wind farms, shale sites,
:19:39. > :19:42.there are already 250 operating wells onshore in this country where
:19:43. > :19:50.people lived very close by, they are very happy. Why do you think there
:19:51. > :19:55.is a different sense with fracking? It is much more vocal and feels more
:19:56. > :20:02.vehement? Part of it is down to the fact that there are many myths
:20:03. > :20:05.portrayed, coming out of the US. We had a very different system of
:20:06. > :20:10.regulation in this country in terms of the way that we drill wells, we
:20:11. > :20:14.have four regulators and we have seen it in Yorkshire over the last
:20:15. > :20:19.two days, where a lot of evidence was produced and the council came
:20:20. > :20:25.down in favour. Is it possibly the fear of the unknown, hyped up from
:20:26. > :20:29.what we have seen? There is a lot that is unknown about fracking.
:20:30. > :20:32.Taking the American example, New York State conducted a two-year
:20:33. > :20:35.public health assessment and concluded that there were
:20:36. > :20:39.significant health risks and it's about risks, environmental. Coming
:20:40. > :20:43.back to the climate change point that wasn't answered, why are we
:20:44. > :20:48.trying to get more fossil fuels out of the ground when if we go down the
:20:49. > :20:51.future of renewables which doesn't have these questions and will help
:20:52. > :20:55.us to reduce carbon emissions and putting more into the atmosphere.
:20:56. > :21:00.The first thing to say is that this country in 15 years will have an 80%
:21:01. > :21:07.import dependency and those imports for gas will come from across oceans
:21:08. > :21:11.and continents which has a major environmental impact. Studies show
:21:12. > :21:14.that home-grown gas will have a much better environmental effect. You
:21:15. > :21:21.think we can stop importing completely? The shale industry can
:21:22. > :21:25.stop our import dependency by about 50%. While so think there is a myth
:21:26. > :21:32.here about renewables versus gas. What we've seen in America is a
:21:33. > :21:37.massive increase in renewables alongside shale. 18 states in
:21:38. > :21:41.America we have seen a 678% increase in wind power investments. Let me
:21:42. > :21:46.bring you back to the argument, do you feel that you have lost this?
:21:47. > :21:49.The point that Chris Cook made is that it has become cheaper to make
:21:50. > :21:55.these applications, you have seen the green light, is there a sense,
:21:56. > :21:59.the campaigners feel they are on the losing end of this? Certainly not,
:22:00. > :22:02.there's no doubt is going to be very difficult for fracking to go ahead
:22:03. > :22:09.in this country with this much opposition, where ever it is
:22:10. > :22:11.proposed, it is opposed. I was outside North Yorkshire County
:22:12. > :22:18.Council and every person I spoke to, every resident Ted Babel promised to
:22:19. > :22:23.continue fighting this. This is one well -- every resident I spoke to
:22:24. > :22:27.promised. Do you sense that the industry has won this? I don't think
:22:28. > :22:30.this is a victory at all, it is a small step for the industry and our
:22:31. > :22:37.country to get ourselves off gas imports. We have a duty now to make
:22:38. > :22:41.sure that all of those promises we made in the planning application are
:22:42. > :22:50.kept to. That the regulations are kept to. I remind you that there has
:22:51. > :22:54.been a well cited there for over 20 years, over 100 wells have been
:22:55. > :22:59.drilled without any complaints or environmental issues. Why would we
:23:00. > :23:03.want to be setting up a new fossil fuel infrastructure when we must
:23:04. > :23:04.stop climate change? I have to stop you, thank you.
:23:05. > :23:10.The people of Aleppo are preparing themselves for a seige.
:23:11. > :23:13.Those living in the middle of town fear it won't be long until supplies
:23:14. > :23:16.Russian's defence ministry believes up to 6,000 insurgent
:23:17. > :23:19.fighters are gathering in preparation of a major offensive
:23:20. > :23:22.The fragile ceasefire brokered between Russia and the US
:23:23. > :23:25.in the last two months has come under renewed threat as terrorist
:23:26. > :23:28.factions like Islamic State and Al Nusra continue
:23:29. > :23:36.Aleppo, once a major stronghold of terrorists, remains
:23:37. > :23:38.a key strategic hot spot of their group focus.
:23:39. > :23:40.Mark Urban asks what happens when your whole way
:23:41. > :23:58.Aleppo is among the world's most ancient and celebrated cities and it
:23:59. > :24:08.has long been Syria's commercial powerhouse. The market and mosques
:24:09. > :24:12.have made it a cultural duel too. Little wonder that it is one of the
:24:13. > :24:21.great prizes of the present civil War. A scene of slaughter that this
:24:22. > :24:27.month has intensified. As government forces sense victory. Assad and the
:24:28. > :24:56.Russian planes... And the plane don't stop from nine
:24:57. > :25:02.o'clock until now. Tenor 15 people died by the plains of Assad -- ten
:25:03. > :25:08.or 15. Not all of the country is a war zone, press TV, and Iranians
:25:09. > :25:14.broadcaster sympathetic to President Assad, has shown life returning to
:25:15. > :25:18.normal, in parts of Aleppo. Residents are trying to restore
:25:19. > :25:22.their lifestyle. This is the scene away from the front lines, where the
:25:23. > :25:24.shifting fortunes of battle has given President Assad's supporters
:25:25. > :25:27.reason to feel confident. In the last few months,
:25:28. > :25:29.Syrian government forces have advanced to the point where they've
:25:30. > :25:33.almost cut off Aleppo city centre. And they are now fighting
:25:34. > :25:36.here and here to sever that tongue of land held by the rebels that goes
:25:37. > :25:39.into the middle of town. Today we spoken to three people
:25:40. > :25:49.who are in the centre of Aleppo. Wissam, a teacher, Bebars,
:25:50. > :25:51.who works for the civil defence network and Ahmed,
:25:52. > :25:54.a city health worker who told us about how the people are now
:25:55. > :26:16.regarding the prospect Maybe Aleppo will be under siege at
:26:17. > :26:22.any time. We have some... Storage of medicines and food, some clean
:26:23. > :26:27.water. As the net tightens, citizens tell us that most of those who want
:26:28. > :26:47.to go have already left. We don't have other options. A lot of people
:26:48. > :26:50.ran away. The place where I lived, there are 4500 people and it used to
:26:51. > :26:53.be more than a million. Among those who remained there is a kind of
:26:54. > :27:03.normality, including children going to school. We have two weeks when
:27:04. > :27:07.there was heavy shelling and we continued to finish exams, and
:27:08. > :27:16.finish school. We are about to finish now. Life goes on.
:27:17. > :27:21.Pro-government forces say they are confronting thousands of terrorists
:27:22. > :27:24.in Aleppo but the fight has brought the truce negotiated in Geneva
:27:25. > :27:32.earlier this year close to collapse and all for a prize that one former
:27:33. > :27:38.peace negotiator says is illusory. If the regime captures Aleppo it is
:27:39. > :27:46.not the end of the war, they adapt themselves. We saw what happened
:27:47. > :27:53.yesterday in other areas, which were considered to be safe, it isn't
:27:54. > :27:58.going to end, not to be cynical or pessimistic. There are other
:27:59. > :28:02.realities on the ground. The current battle will ruin still more lives
:28:03. > :28:04.and level more of Syria's history but it is a struggle that each side
:28:05. > :28:08.is convinced is worth it. With less than a month to go
:28:09. > :28:12.until the country goes to the polls, we've been hearing from people away
:28:13. > :28:17.from the front line of politics. Hillary Alexander, the Telegraph's
:28:18. > :28:18.former fashion editor, explains how she'll be voting
:28:19. > :28:20.in the EU referendum, With the referendum,
:28:21. > :28:40.I've been kind of swaying back and forth in the last few weeks
:28:41. > :28:44.since it really started hotting up. But at the moment, I'm inclined
:28:45. > :28:51.much more towards leave. I suppose in favour of staying,
:28:52. > :28:55.the idea, you know, of a united But only if it's in terms
:28:56. > :29:07.of something like Eurovision. I watch Eurovision and that to me
:29:08. > :29:10.seems a very happy Europe. It's almost hysterical claims
:29:11. > :29:20.about third World War, huge recession, job losses and yet
:29:21. > :29:25.when you look at the latest statistics on exports,
:29:26. > :29:28.less than half of our exports And I can't understand why
:29:29. > :29:36.there couldn't be more development with south-east Asia,
:29:37. > :29:39.South America, America, with I think a lot of the people,
:29:40. > :29:49.especially in government who want to stay in the EU
:29:50. > :29:52.are probably hoping to have a job in Brussels when their career
:29:53. > :29:57.in Parliament finishes so they can I think a lot of figures
:29:58. > :30:03.have been banded around But at the end of the day,
:30:04. > :30:10.I think it very much comes down It's like when you are buying
:30:11. > :30:14.a house, you walk in the door and you will know instantly
:30:15. > :30:17.whether you like it or not. So what do we understand
:30:18. > :30:28.about the way modern One of the possibly the most
:30:29. > :30:36.successful social media campaigns was Barack Obama's
:30:37. > :30:51.presidential election of 2012. If you explained to us, the most
:30:52. > :30:54.important thing to get right in a campaign like that, apart from the
:30:55. > :30:58.candidate, what is it? A campaign is full of many moving parts and the
:30:59. > :31:02.main thing is that it is always about just the candidates. The
:31:03. > :31:08.important thing is making sure that everything else falls in behind.
:31:09. > :31:11.That is why often technology or strategies, they do not appear as
:31:12. > :31:16.quickly as when you look at them. They are a little bit behind. It is
:31:17. > :31:21.always about the candidate. So I guess there is a mundane process,
:31:22. > :31:25.isn't fair? About getting people on the electoral register, getting them
:31:26. > :31:33.out to vote. How hands-on do you have to be in terms of following on?
:31:34. > :31:38.It is relatively anachronistic. It is making phone calls and knocking
:31:39. > :31:42.on doors. And that doesn't go even in the modern Europe? And I love
:31:43. > :31:45.that, because this might be the first time that young people have
:31:46. > :31:48.knocked on a door for a campaign in their life. They are doing it
:31:49. > :31:53.because they really believe. These are the same things that happened in
:31:54. > :31:58.the 80s or the 70s or the 60s. The grassroots has not changed. What has
:31:59. > :32:03.changed is how technology has augmented that and made it more
:32:04. > :32:08.efficient. What do you make of the campaigns that the candidates are
:32:09. > :32:10.running? Barack Obama made that quip in the Washington correspondents
:32:11. > :32:14.dinner about Hillary Clinton on Facebook sounding like your great
:32:15. > :32:20.aunt. It sounds like he does not buy her strategy. I'm not sure if it is
:32:21. > :32:24.so much that her strict Taji -- her strategy is not to be bought as much
:32:25. > :32:27.as there are a lot of things happening in the political world of
:32:28. > :32:33.the US. So no one knows what is going on. And I suppose that is
:32:34. > :32:38.enigmatic. What do you mean by that? Donald Trump recently said that data
:32:39. > :32:42.was not all that, that the stuff we did in 2012 did not matter. I think
:32:43. > :32:45.that is wrong but what you see instead is that the candidates are
:32:46. > :32:50.battling on Facebook and Twitter, they are really interacting. And if
:32:51. > :32:55.you look at Donald Trump's Twitter following, he has got more Twitter
:32:56. > :32:59.followers than the New York Times has readers. Does that mean that he
:33:00. > :33:05.has won his media war without the mainstream press? I don't think he
:33:06. > :33:08.has won it without, I think he has won it with. Donald Trump is a
:33:09. > :33:13.genius at engaging the mainstream media. Part of that is because he
:33:14. > :33:18.does not appear to follow the rules that more rational people are
:33:19. > :33:24.following. And I don't know who does his tweeting, or his posts. Is it
:33:25. > :33:27.him directly or someone on his staff? But they are consistent and
:33:28. > :33:32.they seem genuine. They seem crazy but genuine. I would not be
:33:33. > :33:37.surprised if it was him. And do you think that he can mobilise his vote?
:33:38. > :33:40.This is one of the questions, whether all the people that turn up
:33:41. > :33:45.to the rallies or talk about him are actually signed up to register or if
:33:46. > :33:50.there is going to be a big gap in the grassroots. What we see right
:33:51. > :33:53.now, and this is what we're reading about, is that the voters currently
:33:54. > :33:57.voting for a Donald Trump are voters who maybe have not appeared before.
:33:58. > :34:01.I think if you look at the reason for the rise of Trump, and it is the
:34:02. > :34:05.same as the rise of Bernie Sanders... Or the rise of Obama. I
:34:06. > :34:10.don't think this is the same as Obama because the Trump and Bernie
:34:11. > :34:14.Sanders phenomenon are largely because of a pain in the middle of
:34:15. > :34:18.America, these people whose plan was changed. They do not have jobs and
:34:19. > :34:22.they cannot afford their mortgage. Their children will no longer
:34:23. > :34:25.achieve more wealth than they did or more opportunities. When the
:34:26. > :34:28.opportunity is gone, they are looking for a solution and Donald
:34:29. > :34:33.Trump and Bernie Sanders are offering a solution. More broadly,
:34:34. > :34:37.and we have been talking this evening about the Brexit campaign,
:34:38. > :34:42.when you look at a campaign changing direction or strategy, does that
:34:43. > :34:46.tell you that they are being very savvy, that they are onto it? Can
:34:47. > :34:53.you win a campaign when you have done a sharp turn? Absolutely.
:34:54. > :34:56.Either some polling or some interaction with the people that
:34:57. > :35:00.they are targeting resulted in them finding something, maybe they found,
:35:01. > :35:07.I don't know what the term was that maybe they found that the original
:35:08. > :35:12.target was the soul. Maybe they do not need to interact with them,
:35:13. > :35:16.because they agree already. -- the original target was sold. So, let's
:35:17. > :35:20.go after another demographic. This happens all the time in campaigns
:35:21. > :35:23.were you find you have reached saturation point within a
:35:24. > :35:26.constituency so you move onto another demographic or constituency.
:35:27. > :35:31.Also it could show that maybe they are losing in that demographic. It
:35:32. > :35:34.could be, well, we are not successful year so let's go
:35:35. > :35:39.somewhere more successful. Often the name of the game is resources. If
:35:40. > :35:43.you run out of resources before the election or before the referendum,
:35:44. > :35:45.you have nothing else. Great to have you here.
:35:46. > :35:49.We know that as many as several of you sit through this programme
:35:50. > :35:52.just to see what our Culture Editor has to offer, in his coveted
:35:53. > :35:54.sweeping-the-floor-and-stacking-the- -chairs slot.
:35:55. > :35:56.And tonight he shouldn't disappoint, with previously unseen -
:35:57. > :35:59.indeed, unknown - paintings by one of the greatest artists of the
:36:00. > :36:08.Scores of them have come to light during ten years of research
:36:09. > :36:10.into a complete record, or catalogue raissone,
:36:11. > :36:13.of the painter's work, which can fetch up to ?90
:36:14. > :36:16.Stephen Smith has been talking to the art world sleuth
:36:17. > :36:33.who found the pictures - and to Francis Bacon's former GP.
:36:34. > :36:40.On a lesser show, if we could imagine it,
:36:41. > :36:43.like "Martin Harrison has been bringing home the Bacon."
:36:44. > :36:46.Over ten long years he has been doggedly tracking down dozens
:36:47. > :36:50.Even in terms of dating, it's the one about which I am
:36:51. > :36:54.It was one of a group of paintings that emerged
:36:55. > :36:58.after Bacon died in a sense, as a fluke.
:36:59. > :37:01.I think he simply forgot about a lot of them.
:37:02. > :37:04.So four years after he died, a room was found that
:37:05. > :37:10.everyone had forgotten about with a lot of paintings in.
:37:11. > :37:13.With the support of the estate of Francis Bacon, Harrison has now
:37:14. > :37:18.produced a complete record of his work.
:37:19. > :37:20.It fills five volumes, weighs half a stone and will
:37:21. > :37:27.It is easy to see why he was so admired in his youth.
:37:28. > :37:38.It was a descendant of his cousins, in their collection.
:37:39. > :37:40.Tell us about the gumshoe element of this.
:37:41. > :37:42.I used to cycle around all the different branch libraries
:37:43. > :37:49.where I was brought up in the 50s, to get any new Sherlock Holmes that
:37:50. > :37:54.At school, I did not know what I wanted to do and I thought
:37:55. > :37:58.of trying to be a detective but in those days you have to do two
:37:59. > :38:01.years on the beat first and I did not want to hit people
:38:02. > :38:03.with truncheons, I wanted to solve cases.
:38:04. > :38:05.So the weirdo youth detective has come in handy here.
:38:06. > :38:08.Last year I pinned down a painting called Two Americans and suddenly
:38:09. > :38:19.It is about a metre wide and there it is,
:38:20. > :38:21.this thing you've known as a fuzzy black and white image
:38:22. > :38:25.looking at the painting and the colour of the flesh.
:38:26. > :38:28.There have been hundreds of moments like that and that's one
:38:29. > :38:32.I feel at home here in this chaos because chaos suggests images to me.
:38:33. > :38:36.Not necessarily, just that I love living, I love living in chaos.
:38:37. > :38:40.In any case, if I go into a new room, in a week's time, the thing
:38:41. > :38:46.As well as losing track of his ouvre, Bacon destroyed
:38:47. > :38:49.paintings he did not like and rarely set down his thoughts,
:38:50. > :38:51.even about such crises as the suicide of his lover,
:38:52. > :38:59.There are one or two bits of diaries with about two lines in them.
:39:00. > :39:09.exactly a year later, which is very interesting, actually.
:39:10. > :39:22.There is very little that is personal.
:39:23. > :39:24.From Charlie Chester's gambling houses, he handed out diaries
:39:25. > :39:31.We ran into Bacon's former GP who was
:39:32. > :39:43.sometimes called to patch up the worse for wear artist.
:39:44. > :39:46.I said, you would have to go and see a plastic surgeon
:39:47. > :39:50.properly and he said no, absolutely not, you stitch it, now.
:39:51. > :39:53.So we laid him on the table in his studio, I
:39:54. > :39:56.I said to him, I used local anaesthetic and he said,
:39:57. > :40:00.no, I don't want to use it and he was so drunk I don't
:40:01. > :40:04.When he was very ill he said, you know, Paul, when I'm dead,
:40:05. > :40:09.my paintings won't be worth anything.
:40:10. > :40:13.And I keep wondering what he would say if he knew what was
:40:14. > :40:23.'Francis Bacon, Six Studies in Soho', featuring previously
:40:24. > :40:26.unseen works, is on show at Lexington Street, London,
:40:27. > :40:34.Bacon's Catalogue Raisonne will then appear online.
:40:35. > :40:37.Happy birthday to Bob Dylan, who's 75 today.
:40:38. > :40:49.# Come gather around people, where ever you call.
:40:50. > :40:52.And admit that the waters around you have grown.
:40:53. > :40:56.# And accept that they will soon be drenched to the bone.
:40:57. > :41:03.# If your time to you is worth saving.
:41:04. > :41:18.# Then you better start swimming or you'll sink like a stone.
:41:19. > :41:22.For the times they are a-changin'.. We have a very different look and
:41:23. > :41:26.feel to the weather on Wednesday. There is a lot more cloud around and
:41:27. > :41:27.as a result, temperatures will be lower than they were