:00:00. > :00:00.As we go on air tonight reports from Turkey that the military
:00:07. > :00:12.are on the street and bridges over the Bosphorus have been closed.
:00:13. > :00:14.Fighter jets have been filmed over Ankara.
:00:15. > :00:22.Could this be a military coup against President Erdogan?
:00:23. > :00:30.It seems element of the military are indeed trying to seize power. Some
:00:31. > :00:31.police and security units remain loyal to President Erdogan and there
:00:32. > :00:34.are reports of clashes between them. And in France another appalling
:00:35. > :00:37.tragedy as 84 people are mown down French authorites say
:00:38. > :00:53.that the suspect, despite having a criminal history,
:00:54. > :00:56.say he had no known links About ninety minutes ago we began
:00:57. > :01:12.to hear reports of unexpected and unexplained military
:01:13. > :01:14.action in Turkey. Fighter jets were filmed
:01:15. > :01:16.flying low over the city of Ankara and the sound
:01:17. > :01:23.of gunfire was reported. Shortly afterwards, the two main
:01:24. > :01:26.bridges in the capital, Istanbul, were closed by security forces
:01:27. > :01:28.with no explanation. The Turkish Prime Minister,
:01:29. > :01:30.Ahmet Yildrim, stated that an attempted military uprising
:01:31. > :01:43.was underway, adding that it President Erdogan says those
:01:44. > :01:46.attempting to mount a coup will pay a heavy price.
:01:47. > :01:48.I'm here with Newsnight's Diplomatic Editor Mark Urban, Ibrahim Dougas,
:01:49. > :01:54.the Director of the Centre for Turkish Studies,
:01:55. > :01:56.and our correspondent in Istanbul is Katie Adams.
:01:57. > :02:07.What is the latest? This has all been taking place in the last hour
:02:08. > :02:09.and events are still pretty muddy. What we first heard was that bridges
:02:10. > :02:21.in Istanbul were closed off with soldiers on both sides. Now PM
:02:22. > :02:24.yielder has said this is a partial takeover, it's not really a coup,
:02:25. > :02:31.but we had a statement from the military saying this is a takeover
:02:32. > :02:34.and they've done it to restore democratic order, maintain human
:02:35. > :02:38.rights, and they will be maintaining international agreements. On the
:02:39. > :02:44.part of the military they say this is very much a complete takeover.
:02:45. > :02:48.We've just had President Erdogan on an iPhone, he's not in Ankara or
:02:49. > :02:52.Istanbul, he's been on local television talking about the fact
:02:53. > :02:57.they will not tolerate these threats. Calling on people to come
:02:58. > :03:00.out in protest. Just on an iPhone, that's all we've heard at the
:03:01. > :03:04.moment. The situation still very unclear with two sides having
:03:05. > :03:07.different stories. It certainly does look like the military are on the
:03:08. > :03:15.streets and you can hear it in the skies, to stop.
:03:16. > :03:20.A little context, some background. Lets piece together what has
:03:21. > :03:24.happened and night and we can see some pictures hopefully as we talk
:03:25. > :03:28.through this. The first real sign something was up was when the
:03:29. > :03:33.Bosphorus bridges were closed, these key thoroughfares across that
:03:34. > :03:37.waterway in Istanbul. Troops were seen. In fact we can see them here
:03:38. > :03:41.holding positions and stopping people from crossing. Tanks and
:03:42. > :03:47.other armoured vehicles then went into the centre of Istanbul and to
:03:48. > :03:51.key buildings, key headquarters in Ankara, the capital. A little bit
:03:52. > :03:56.later on it became apparent that some police were resisting, and also
:03:57. > :04:01.some elements of military intelligence. And some pictures were
:04:02. > :04:04.shown of helicopters firing apparently at military intelligence
:04:05. > :04:10.headquarters. I think what you can tell from all this is that this is a
:04:11. > :04:12.large-scale military operation, supported by broad elements of the
:04:13. > :04:18.Armed Forces. We know they've arrested the army chief, we know
:04:19. > :04:22.they've attacked the military intelligence chief's office, so the
:04:23. > :04:28.bosses are not behind this, it is the colonels and brigadiers, the
:04:29. > :04:33.people who typically enact clues. But it's very widespread. And the
:04:34. > :04:37.fact president Erdogan has come up through a shaky face time connection
:04:38. > :04:46.suggests who has got the upper hand at the moment. But he made -- he may
:04:47. > :04:51.manage to rally loyalist forces. Which raises the prospect of not
:04:52. > :04:54.simply a coup d'etat but a Civil War in the making stub and there are
:04:55. > :04:57.reports that there have been other incidents to night of the police,
:04:58. > :05:05.who are thought to be are certainly elements of them, loyal to Prime
:05:06. > :05:09.Minister Yildrim and President Erdogan, resisting and being treated
:05:10. > :05:13.roughly by the military. There has already been a certain amount of
:05:14. > :05:16.force used. The military are now claiming on certain Turkish state
:05:17. > :05:24.media that they are in control. We are yet to see a real face or faces
:05:25. > :05:28.to this clue. I'm hearing the state broadcaster has been taken over by
:05:29. > :05:32.the military. Ebrahim, you are the director of the Centre of the
:05:33. > :05:38.Turkish studies, and a closer watch of the region than most of us, how
:05:39. > :05:42.supplies are you by tonight's events? There has been quite a bit
:05:43. > :05:47.of talk on the streets of Turkey amongst political commentators that
:05:48. > :05:54.to come up with a change in Turkey, the only way would be military to
:05:55. > :05:59.come into power so quite a few people will not be surprised much.
:06:00. > :06:01.But many in Turkey will be very much surprised because President Erdogan
:06:02. > :06:05.is known to be grasping all the power in Turkey, and he had
:06:06. > :06:10.extremely good working relationships with the military personnel. Again
:06:11. > :06:14.as Mark put it it is very much the top brass, top commanders, chief of
:06:15. > :06:18.staff, head of intelligence, head of police forces. They've all been very
:06:19. > :06:25.loyal and close to President Erdogan. But there has always been a
:06:26. > :06:33.case of info tracing into military and police and intelligence through
:06:34. > :06:37.forces, loyalists within the country. Some on the government side
:06:38. > :06:45.are claiming that this is not going to end up with a military coup, but
:06:46. > :06:48.it will end up with those loyal. And what are they revolting about? What
:06:49. > :06:53.is their grievance? Whatever they put on the statement is about the
:06:54. > :06:58.direction the country has been taken to buy President Erdogan and his
:06:59. > :07:02.close circle. Which means increasingly autocratic? Autocratic,
:07:03. > :07:07.human rights is no longer strong, and it's all ways been a problem in
:07:08. > :07:13.Turkey. But things have changed between 2004 and 2008, it has become
:07:14. > :07:18.very autocratic, very difficult in terms of relations with its own
:07:19. > :07:24.population and its neighbours. It's all been a very negative change for
:07:25. > :07:27.the people in the country. One other point we should consider here, it
:07:28. > :07:34.could be followers of this cleric, this Islamic ferret and that seems
:07:35. > :07:37.to be the assumption of the people around President Erdogan, but it
:07:38. > :07:43.could also be people loyal to the Ataturk vision of a secular Turkey.
:07:44. > :07:48.They feel they have got to step in to save Turkey's secular values. If
:07:49. > :07:59.I had to put money on one or the other, I would go with that one.
:08:00. > :08:02.Military secularism. I want to take a moment to savour Foreign Office
:08:03. > :08:13.has advised any British people in Turkey should stay away from public
:08:14. > :08:18.places. They are saying that British people in Turkey should stay out of
:08:19. > :08:22.public places. What happens next? It's difficult to judge right now, I
:08:23. > :08:28.would say, because President Erdogan has taken the country from a very
:08:29. > :08:36.bad position to a good position, then to a worse situation now. His
:08:37. > :08:45.alleged sport to dodge Islamist terrorists in the region, he has
:08:46. > :08:47.cracked down on Kurdish forces. The re-emergence of clashes between
:08:48. > :08:52.Kurdish fighters and the Turkish military. They have all brought the
:08:53. > :09:01.country to a standstill in no way. The economy began to do really bad.
:09:02. > :09:05.This could be a coalition of many other forces who are unhappy with
:09:06. > :09:08.the direction of the country. Many thanks to you both.
:09:09. > :09:10.For the third time in 18 months, France reels
:09:11. > :09:16.Social media is awash with increasingly desperate
:09:17. > :09:18.relatives seeking news of missing family members and,
:09:19. > :09:22.unlike in the two previous attacks, many children are known to be among
:09:23. > :09:28.President Hollande has described it as a terrorist attack,
:09:29. > :09:31.adding that the whole of France was under an Islamist
:09:32. > :09:38.And while no group has claimed responsibility for the atrocity,
:09:39. > :09:41.perpetrated by a lone man with no known history of radicalisation, few
:09:42. > :09:46.We begin tonight's report with some eye witness accounts
:09:47. > :09:53.It is not just in the dreadful scenes of carnage that the horror of
:09:54. > :09:58.this attack lies, but in the pictures taken moments before.
:09:59. > :10:01.Families, friends and strangers enjoying the warmth of the July
:10:02. > :10:41.evening and the community of a national holiday.
:10:42. > :10:44.From the corner of my eye I saw this truck speeding
:10:45. > :10:49.towards us and we literally had maybe one or two seconds to get out
:10:50. > :10:53.of the way and I just managed to push both me and my wife on the
:10:54. > :11:06.So just what I thought that, he just lost control
:11:07. > :12:22.of the truck, and it was an accident.
:12:23. > :12:26.I just took out my cellphone and I turned on my video.
:12:27. > :12:31.And I was filming the shooting and then they
:12:32. > :12:38.killed him and they came close to make sure that he's killed.
:12:39. > :12:41.I saw his head getting out of the window
:12:42. > :12:47.I think they thought maybe the truck has a bomb or
:12:48. > :12:53.something or maybe he is a suicide guy and he could explode himself.
:12:54. > :12:55.So at that moment I started to run with
:12:56. > :13:03.Basically just people, bodies everywhere, people trying to
:13:04. > :13:13.Just too much going on for the police to handle it.
:13:14. > :13:16.For two kilometres it was just a mess.
:13:17. > :13:27.Yeah, it was a terrifying scene, terrifying scene.
:13:28. > :13:33.Tonight there is a vigil going on in Nice to remember the many who have
:13:34. > :13:34.died. We can see live pictures of it now.
:13:35. > :13:36.Earlier I spoke over Skype to Alain Richard,
:13:37. > :13:38.France's former Defence Minister and a Socialist Senator,
:13:39. > :13:50.We have been considering cancelling or suppressing some events, but you
:13:51. > :13:57.know, for the French public and the tourists too,
:13:58. > :14:04.the visitors too, these fireworks and games and public
:14:05. > :14:09.events for the national Bastille Day, it would be a trauma to
:14:10. > :14:15.So the risk was taken, and that kind of method of
:14:16. > :14:22.It had been envisaged but it wasn't really a priority in
:14:23. > :14:36.Why do you think France has fallen victim to a tax of this nature on
:14:37. > :14:44.such a scale and with a frequency we do not see anywhere else in Europe?
:14:45. > :14:51.In a way, IS is certainly targeting France specifically for different
:14:52. > :14:59.political or ideological reasons. But then we have clearly at least
:15:00. > :15:06.two kinds of attacks. The attacks of Paris last November were planned,
:15:07. > :15:13.were really prepared from the centre of IS. And the people who executed
:15:14. > :15:21.the attacks were under the orders of IS. Whereas the criminal who
:15:22. > :15:29.attacked last night was an individual. Of course we don't know
:15:30. > :15:33.yet, but it's very, very likely that it would appear that he was
:15:34. > :15:40.following the appeal of IS. But he was not under their hierarchy. In
:15:41. > :15:42.the context of your own lifetime, how divided is your country at the
:15:43. > :15:53.moment? I am all the more cautious to answer
:15:54. > :15:56.this question but my personal analysis is that dividing French
:15:57. > :16:08.society, and especially between Muslims and the other French people,
:16:09. > :16:12.is certainly strategy of IS. If they target France more intense than
:16:13. > :16:18.other democratic countries, my bet is that they do so because we have a
:16:19. > :16:28.large Muslim community in this country of up to 6 million
:16:29. > :16:36.inhabitants, and they would consider a victory, a success, if this
:16:37. > :16:41.community was opposed by the rest of society. So of course it is a
:16:42. > :16:48.challenge for us that the reaction and counterattack and rule of law
:16:49. > :16:51.should be unanimous and not divide the French people.
:16:52. > :16:54.Joining me now from Nice is Marc Etienne Lansade,
:16:55. > :16:56.the Front Nationale Mayor of Cogolin - a town just along
:16:57. > :17:12.How do you as a civic leader responds to an apparent terror
:17:13. > :17:21.attack so close to home? I'm sorry, the sound is awful. Let me ask
:17:22. > :17:28.again, how do you react to last night's events so close to your own
:17:29. > :17:33.region? You know, it is really mixed feelings, firstly it is sadness and
:17:34. > :17:39.compassion. Hearing this is very shocking, but it is also anger and
:17:40. > :17:48.questions. I know that this moment is a special moment where you have
:17:49. > :17:53.to respect death, and be far away from controversy, but it doesn't
:17:54. > :18:03.destroy the questions and why it happens again. It is the third time
:18:04. > :18:09.in France, and our government was explaining that we are in war but
:18:10. > :18:15.who is leading the war? What is done? What are the means to make
:18:16. > :18:22.this war? When you see that one person is making that, what will be
:18:23. > :18:28.the future? You just heard, I hope, the former defence minister suggest
:18:29. > :18:33.that Islamic State want to see more division in France and particularly
:18:34. > :18:39.would like to see French Muslims discriminated against more. Do you
:18:40. > :18:46.agree with him? I'm sorry but the sound is really too bad for
:18:47. > :18:53.answering you. Can you please? I'm sorry. The former defence minister
:18:54. > :18:57.suggests that Islamic State want to see French Muslims discriminated
:18:58. > :19:05.against more. Do you agree with his analysis? This is not a question
:19:06. > :19:12.that I'm asking. My question is are we going to stop these things. I'm
:19:13. > :19:17.sorry but I don't think it is really decent to talk about this because
:19:18. > :19:24.this is not the main question. The main question is what are we going
:19:25. > :19:34.to do to stop... What we have in England, I think it is the Muslim
:19:35. > :19:39.Brotherhood, that he is tolerated? We have mosques that are still open,
:19:40. > :19:44.we don't do anything to stop this and for sure all of the museums are
:19:45. > :19:50.not avoiding those things. How can you think something like this for
:19:51. > :19:59.sure, but the problem is what we do to fight against this, like they
:20:00. > :20:07.want to destroy our freedom, our values, on this special day for us.
:20:08. > :20:12.I understand your answer although the question really was about the
:20:13. > :20:21.response is politically in France to people perhaps not responsible. Do
:20:22. > :20:26.you think French Muslims feel less safe now, because not only are they
:20:27. > :20:38.at risk of being bricked into terror attacks, but also at risk of being
:20:39. > :20:40.blamed for them in some quarters? Many thanks for your time and best
:20:41. > :20:45.efforts this evening. So, who was Mohamed
:20:46. > :20:48.Lahouaiej Bouhlel? And will his background provide any
:20:49. > :20:51.clues about what led him to drive a rented truck into a 30,000-strong
:20:52. > :20:53.crowd of people And joins me now. I gather the
:20:54. > :21:13.father... Tonight the city grieves
:21:14. > :21:16.in the aftermath of what appears to be the third major attack
:21:17. > :21:19.on France in 18 months. This is the man believed to be
:21:20. > :21:21.behind it, 31-year-old Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel,
:21:22. > :21:23.a Tunisian national who lived in the heart
:21:24. > :21:27.of the city he devastated. His lorry was rented,
:21:28. > :21:29.due to be returned on Wednesday. But around 11pm French time last
:21:30. > :21:32.night, he turned onto Nice's Promenade des Anglais
:21:33. > :21:34.and soon started to drive at people A number of people are reported
:21:35. > :21:39.to have died when he got By the time the truck reached
:21:40. > :21:43.the Westminster Hotel, Finally it came to stop outside
:21:44. > :21:53.a casino at a junction. One and a quarter miles
:21:54. > :21:55.of devastation. Searches today at Mohamed
:21:56. > :21:56.Lahouaiej Bouhlel's flat, We spoke to neighbours about the man
:21:57. > :22:06.who last night killed at least 84. TRANSLATION: He had a perverted look
:22:07. > :22:09.which was scary, he wasn't friendly. We would say hello to him
:22:10. > :22:12.and he wouldn't answer, He would move down,
:22:13. > :22:20.keep going and stare. Religious people don't drink
:22:21. > :22:24.alcohol, at least not normally. At a press conference this
:22:25. > :22:26.afternoon, France's prosecutor gave new details about the attack
:22:27. > :22:31.and the man behind it. TRANSLATION: Mohamed Lahouaiej
:22:32. > :22:34.was known to the police and justice services for threats,
:22:35. > :22:36.violence, and breaking and entering However, he's completely unknown
:22:37. > :22:43.to the intelligence services, both He was not the subject
:22:44. > :22:47.of a single file or ever Police will be hoping that
:22:48. > :22:55.their searches of this small flat... You can still see the debris
:22:56. > :22:57.on the floor, presumably from where they kicked the door
:22:58. > :23:01.in from the flat early this morning. They will be hoping the searches
:23:02. > :23:04.will reveal the motive behind At the moment the authorities
:23:05. > :23:08.believe the attacks have all the hallmarks of being
:23:09. > :23:10.jihadi-inspired but don't have Other key questions remain too -
:23:11. > :23:16.did the attacker act alone? Could there be an accomplice
:23:17. > :23:19.still on the run? And could more have been
:23:20. > :23:24.done to prevent it? The truck used in the attack
:23:25. > :23:27.was removed from the Promenade France is becoming used to horrific
:23:28. > :23:32.violence, but something feels The use of a truck as a weapon,
:23:33. > :23:36.targeting a smaller city, and the number of families
:23:37. > :23:39.with children who were affected. Tonight, across Nice,
:23:40. > :23:41.people came together to honour Over the next few days, we will
:23:42. > :23:57.learn more about why they died. We are going back now to the events
:23:58. > :24:06.in Turkey this evening. We're going back to the events
:24:07. > :24:09.in Turkey this evening now to see if we can piece together more
:24:10. > :24:21.about what's going on amid reports A Turkish military statement says
:24:22. > :24:25.that the military has seized power, citing rising autocratic rule and an
:24:26. > :24:34.increase in terrorism. These are the live shots from the bridge over the
:24:35. > :24:41.Bosphorus. I'm joined by our diplomatic editor, for a story which
:24:42. > :24:46.has developed since we last saw you 20 minutes ago. There is evidence of
:24:47. > :24:52.a broadly supported military coup, they have taken key places, Istanbul
:24:53. > :24:56.airport, a television station, but we have also seen an extraordinary
:24:57. > :25:02.images of President Erdogan appearing on a phone held up by TV
:25:03. > :25:07.presenter speaking, essentially saying, I am in charge. It would be
:25:08. > :25:14.comic but he has ordered supporters onto the streets to contest this
:25:15. > :25:17.military coup, and therein lies the potential for large-scale bloodshed.
:25:18. > :25:23.If he's able to go to some part of the country that isn't under the
:25:24. > :25:29.control of this new military jaunt, then he could raise loyalist forces.
:25:30. > :25:33.Conflicting reports about President Erdogan's physical whereabouts, some
:25:34. > :25:39.saying he's got on a plane, others saying his safe but in Turkey. When
:25:40. > :25:45.you mention the prospect of bloodshed, this will depend upon how
:25:46. > :25:49.many loyalists President Erdogan can mobilise and how quickly. And there
:25:50. > :25:53.have already been clashes in the cities with police loyal to the
:25:54. > :25:58.government and some of the military. We don't really know anything about
:25:59. > :26:00.possible casualties but we know there have been incidents where
:26:01. > :26:12.firearms have been used and buildings attacks attacked. There is
:26:13. > :26:17.already a strong possibility blood has been spilt. Any indication of
:26:18. > :26:26.who is at the top of the pyramid, essentially the leader? Fascinating
:26:27. > :26:32.thing, in the 1960s it was all kernels. We know the army chief is
:26:33. > :26:36.under arrest apparently, the head of military intelligence was also
:26:37. > :26:43.seized. These people are loyal to President Erdogan apparently, so it
:26:44. > :26:48.must be a level or two down. We have to wait and see if a face or a group
:26:49. > :27:00.of faces emerges to claim responsibility. I'm hearing Turkey's
:27:01. > :27:09.European Union minister has instructed them to do so --
:27:10. > :27:11.disobeyed orders. We have live shots of tanks on the streets, suggesting
:27:12. > :27:15.this engagement is far from over. With me now, Roula Khalef,
:27:16. > :27:17.the Deputy Editor of the FT, and Richard Barratt,
:27:18. > :27:29.the former director You were both poor used to discuss
:27:30. > :27:36.the situation in France but I suspect your expertise extends to
:27:37. > :27:43.Turkey. I know you were a foreign editor before, so give us an idea
:27:44. > :27:48.how surprised they are by events tonight. I think it is an
:27:49. > :27:55.extraordinary event. 20 years ago, you wouldn't have been surprised by
:27:56. > :28:01.a coup in Turkey but now you expect that Turkey has moved on, not least
:28:02. > :28:05.because one of the main supposed achievements of President Erdogan
:28:06. > :28:09.has been to neutralise the army so I think this is pretty extraordinary.
:28:10. > :28:16.We have to wait, the information is still very confusing. We have to see
:28:17. > :28:22.if there is a counter coup that is mounted for instance. Clearly, the
:28:23. > :28:27.chief of the Army is an ally of President Erdogan. The extent to
:28:28. > :28:33.which the rest of the army supports this is still not clear. Is that
:28:34. > :28:40.what you mean when you said he had mobilise the military, that he had
:28:41. > :28:45.friends in high places? This has been a very determined campaign by
:28:46. > :28:50.President Erdogan, from more than a decade ago, to move against the army
:28:51. > :28:57.and concentrate power in his office first as Prime Minister and now as
:28:58. > :29:00.president. We will move into your counterterrorism expertise
:29:01. > :29:09.imminently, but as a security professional for many years, Turkey
:29:10. > :29:13.has had a history of fractiousness, but not a recent history
:29:14. > :29:17.necessarily. It is a fairly fractious society, there is quite a
:29:18. > :29:25.division between the business classes, the middle classes and the
:29:26. > :29:28.inhabitants who are perhaps more inclined to fundamentalist
:29:29. > :29:32.interpretation of Islam than the more urban areas, but whatever way
:29:33. > :29:38.you look at it this last 24 hours have been a tremendous day for the
:29:39. > :29:42.so-called Islamic State. The attack in France, even if it wasn't a
:29:43. > :29:47.terrorist attack, and it has still not been claimed by anybody, has
:29:48. > :29:52.again raised everybody's fears that these attacks will become more
:29:53. > :29:58.frequent and harder to stop. And of course Turkey had become, recently
:29:59. > :30:03.anyway, one of the key enemies of the Islamic State and very much a
:30:04. > :30:10.target. Whatever happens in Turkey now, it will be very chaotic. The
:30:11. > :30:15.military helicopters have opened fire on the state broadcaster, I
:30:16. > :30:20.have heard from unconfirmed reports. You mentioned the attack in France
:30:21. > :30:26.last night, and as a counterterrorism specialist, is
:30:27. > :30:30.there anything a city or a country can do to guard better against that
:30:31. > :30:34.particular type of assault? Of course that is what everybody will
:30:35. > :30:38.be thinking about but there is a limit to what you can do, clearly
:30:39. > :30:47.with the weaponisation of everyday life like using a truck to kill
:30:48. > :30:52.people in such an attack, how do you protect its against that? You can
:30:53. > :30:56.have a ring of steel around an event but then it pushes the target
:30:57. > :31:01.further away and it is equally soft where it is. I think that
:31:02. > :31:05.essentially people are going to have to get used to the fact that these
:31:06. > :31:10.sorts of things will go on, just as they have in the past and they will
:31:11. > :31:13.in the future. Maybe this is an exceptional scale and that can be
:31:14. > :31:17.limited but the possibilities of other people like this man coming
:31:18. > :31:25.out of the woodwork and doing things like that is very real. Why France,
:31:26. > :31:30.so specifically and so frequently now? I think there are several
:31:31. > :31:35.reasons. One is France has a very large Muslim community, the largest
:31:36. > :31:52.Muslim community in Europe. France also is very close to being a -- the
:31:53. > :31:57.night -- Nigreb. France hosts sent the largest number of Europeans to
:31:58. > :32:01.fight jihad with Isis and has also been one of the most outspoken and
:32:02. > :32:06.active in the fight against Isis so I think there are various reasons
:32:07. > :32:10.that combine together. Some people say that the very aggressive
:32:11. > :32:18.secularism in France is symbolically that it works to turn Isis
:32:19. > :32:21.supporters or people who are simply inspired by Isis, against the
:32:22. > :32:26.government and against others in France. You have to remember that
:32:27. > :32:32.here we are talking about two parallel things that are happening.
:32:33. > :32:36.There are attacks, and Isis wants to lash out more because it is under
:32:37. > :32:40.pressure now, but the second phenomenon that is happening at the
:32:41. > :32:45.same time is the lone wolf phenomenon which is even more
:32:46. > :32:46.dangerous. These are people that can be radicalised very quickly. Many
:32:47. > :32:59.thanks indeed. Time now for possibly welcome change
:33:00. > :33:05.of tone. Carla Lane redefined roles for women
:33:06. > :33:08.on television in the '70s and '80s with comedies
:33:09. > :33:11.such as The Liver Birds,