:00:00. > :00:08.IS reaches into rural France to deliver yet
:00:09. > :00:14.another act of barbarism, this time inside a church.
:00:15. > :00:18.President Hollande says the threat to France has never been so severe,
:00:19. > :00:21.while the people of the small Normandy town struggle to absorb
:00:22. > :00:26.TRANSLATION: He was a simple man, he was always at people's service.
:00:27. > :00:30.He could have taken a quiet retirement but he preferred to stay
:00:31. > :00:32.active as long as he was in good health.
:00:33. > :00:38.He preferred to stay active and serve his parish.
:00:39. > :00:45.I am in Ansbach in Bavaria where a Syrian refugee claiming to act on
:00:46. > :00:48.behalf of Islamic State blew himself up at the weekend.
:00:49. > :00:50.But how much can the state do to protect its citizens,
:00:51. > :00:52.and at the same time preserve freedom?
:00:53. > :01:03.Tonight, Bernie Sanders offers emphatic support to Clinton but do
:01:04. > :01:06.his actions match his words? We ask how Hillary can take the message to
:01:07. > :01:08.the country when she remains unpopular with so many.
:01:09. > :01:10.She recognises how sharply divided the party is now
:01:11. > :01:17.She would promote Bernie Sanders to be nominated from the floor
:01:18. > :01:20.If you had a Clinton-Sanders ticket, I think
:01:21. > :01:22.that would do a lot to heal the party.
:01:23. > :01:25.Also tonight, what happens when interests plummet to less than zero?
:01:26. > :01:29.We've already seen in Japan and Germany the sale
:01:30. > :01:32.What would that mean to the confidence of the banking
:01:33. > :01:34.system if people started leaving their money in safes,
:01:35. > :01:52.A new horror was visited on France today when two terrorists,
:01:53. > :01:58.claimed by IS, entered a church in a small town
:01:59. > :02:00.in Normandy during Mass and murdered an 84-year-old priest
:02:01. > :02:02.and critically injured one of the three worshippers before
:02:03. > :02:06.being killed by French police outside the church.
:02:07. > :02:08.One of the attackers was under close surveillance, on probation,
:02:09. > :02:11.and wearing an electronic tag after two failed attempts
:02:12. > :02:14.President Hollande, who arrived swiftly at the scene,
:02:15. > :02:16.said it was one more sign that France was at war with
:02:17. > :02:26.It's another act of barbarism so soon after the Nice massacre
:02:27. > :02:28.and in Germany, the vicious attacks in Wuerzburg
:02:29. > :02:30.and Ansbach, all brutal, unsophisticated attacks designed
:02:31. > :02:35.The premier of Bavaria said officials had to do whatever
:02:36. > :02:37.was necessary to protect citizens, and the French President
:02:38. > :02:40.says we must protect citizens "by all means."
:02:41. > :02:42.But what are the limits of the state in modern democracies?
:02:43. > :02:46.We'll be discussing that in a moment, and reporting
:02:47. > :02:48.from Bavaria, but first, Secunder Karmani is in the small
:02:49. > :02:57.For those in Rouen Cathedral attending a Mass in honour
:02:58. > :02:59.of Father Jacques Hamel, there must have been
:03:00. > :03:04.Yet another IS-related attack in France.
:03:05. > :03:10.If young people were targeted in Paris, families in Nice,
:03:11. > :03:12.today's victim, an 84-year-old old priest, represented yet another
:03:13. > :03:23.The priest who normally works in the church that was attacked
:03:24. > :03:28.said the murdered man was only there as he was away on holiday.
:03:29. > :03:31.TRANSLATION: I've spoken to a few people, notably some of the sisters
:03:32. > :03:43.I don't know how we are going to get through the next few hours.
:03:44. > :03:45.He was a simple man, always at people's service.
:03:46. > :03:49.He was 85 and could have taken a quiet retirement but he preferred
:03:50. > :03:51.to stay active as long as he was in good health.
:03:52. > :03:53.He preferred to stay active and serve his parish.
:03:54. > :03:57.The two attackers burst into this church this morning,
:03:58. > :04:02.taking the priest and a handful of nuns and parishioners prisoner.
:04:03. > :04:06.They slit the throat of the priest and recorded it on camera.
:04:07. > :04:29.One of the nuns, speaking to French media, described what she saw.
:04:30. > :04:33.Both attackers were killed quickly by police as they emerged
:04:34. > :04:38.from the church, but there will be questions for the security services.
:04:39. > :04:39.French authorities have already faced severe criticism
:04:40. > :04:45.A damning report about security failings in the lead up
:04:46. > :04:51.to the Paris attacks, an alleged lack of police on duty
:04:52. > :04:54.in Nice and today it has emerged that at least one of the attackers
:04:55. > :04:57.who struck here was very much on the authorities' radar.
:04:58. > :05:00.Having tried and failed to get to Syria, he was on a curfew
:05:01. > :05:05.At the Cathedral today, some felt there was little that
:05:06. > :05:10.could ever be done to protect such soft targets.
:05:11. > :05:20.Nobody thought it would ever be attacked so, yes,
:05:21. > :05:24.you see the army in the street every day, in small groups, but you can't
:05:25. > :05:31.But amongst some in France there is real anger at the continuing
:05:32. > :05:38.Prime Minister Manuel Valls was booed as he attended a minute's
:05:39. > :05:41.silence for the victims in Nice two weeks ago.
:05:42. > :05:44.He had suggested that terrorism was becoming a modern reality France
:05:45. > :05:50.As always after an attack, there are prayers for the dead
:05:51. > :05:56.Could more have been done to prevent the bloodshed?
:05:57. > :06:03.Were those responsible directed by IS or just inspired by them?
:06:04. > :06:06.Perhaps the biggest question in France right now is how on earth
:06:07. > :06:08.does the country stop what appears to be an almost relentless
:06:09. > :06:19.TRANSLATION: We are attached to the bitty but in situations like this
:06:20. > :06:27.people who have nothing to hide have nothing to worry about. You can't
:06:28. > :06:31.say this is a risk. The state has to take all the Ms is possible to bring
:06:32. > :06:36.back security and protect citizens two all the measures possible. --
:06:37. > :06:39.all the measures possible. Following the attacks in Paris
:06:40. > :06:42.in November there were over 3500 raids as part of the state
:06:43. > :06:44.of emergency that was imposed. They were criticised by some
:06:45. > :06:47.for being too harsh. And there are some calls
:06:48. > :06:56.for the authorities not to go TRANSLATION: The response to
:06:57. > :06:59.violence is never violence, the response must be reasoned, we need
:07:00. > :07:02.to think long-term and understand people's motivations. Right now we
:07:03. > :07:05.are completely out of our depth. This afternoon, one person
:07:06. > :07:07.was arrested in connection One of the victims is
:07:08. > :07:13.still in hospital. But the French president has
:07:14. > :07:15.had to visit the scene He said that IS had
:07:16. > :07:18.declared war on France. Now the pressure on him
:07:19. > :07:34.to respond is growing. What is the latest on the
:07:35. > :07:39.investigation? In the last few hours, the French public prosecutor
:07:40. > :07:43.has been talking and the authorities have formally identified one of the
:07:44. > :07:49.two attackers as a 19-year-old man who lived close to the scene of the
:07:50. > :07:52.attack, Adel Kermiche and he was well-known to the authorities,
:07:53. > :07:57.having been arrested on two occasions trying to get to Syria. He
:07:58. > :08:04.spent some time in jail here and was released with an electronic tag and
:08:05. > :08:08.he is also a kind of terrorism watchlist which thousands of people
:08:09. > :08:13.are on. There will be questions about the level of surveillance he
:08:14. > :08:17.was on as part of being on the list. One imagines over the next few days
:08:18. > :08:21.there will be calls for tougher treatment of the people on the list,
:08:22. > :08:25.even though many of them have never been convicted of any crime and that
:08:26. > :08:29.gets to the heart of the dilemma that France and much of Europe is
:08:30. > :08:35.in, where you draw the boundary between security and liberty.
:08:36. > :08:39.Another thing to add about the investigation, a key line that the
:08:40. > :08:43.authorities will try and pursue, were the attackers linked directly
:08:44. > :08:47.to people in Syria? There are reports that Adel Kermiche was close
:08:48. > :08:55.friends with a particularly well-known French jihadi from this
:08:56. > :09:01.region who went to Syria and appeared in a number of videos. We
:09:02. > :09:03.will seek if he inspired this attack. We know that the attackers
:09:04. > :09:07.filmed the murder that they committed. Thank you for joining us.
:09:08. > :09:09.The Normany murder follows closely on from a spate of attacks
:09:10. > :09:13.in the last eight days in Germany which have left 15 people dead,
:09:14. > :09:16.including four attackers, and dozens injured.
:09:17. > :09:18.German officials say two attackers had links
:09:19. > :09:23.Bavaria's state premier, a long-standing critic
:09:24. > :09:26.of Angela Merkel's open door refugee policy, said it was time to up
:09:27. > :09:32.It was in Bavaria, on Sunday, in Ansbach, that a suicide bombing
:09:33. > :09:33.near a music festival wounded 15 people.
:09:34. > :09:50.What more do we know? Well, we are learning, on the official Islamic
:09:51. > :09:54.State weekly newspaper this evening they are making some very
:09:55. > :10:02.interesting claims about the man, named as Mohammad D, who blew
:10:03. > :10:06.himself up just behind me. They say that he was a member of Al-Qaeda in
:10:07. > :10:11.Iraq as far back as 2011 and that he fought with various Jihadist groups
:10:12. > :10:15.on the front lines around Aleppo, that he was wounded and sought
:10:16. > :10:19.treatment in Europe and that there was direct communication with him in
:10:20. > :10:24.the days running up to the attack. There was a lot of scepticism about
:10:25. > :10:29.that here on the streets of Ansbach Forster people pointing to the fact
:10:30. > :10:32.that he sought treatment for mental health issues, that he had
:10:33. > :10:38.apparently twice tried to take his own life previously. At least two
:10:39. > :10:42.people I spoke to said that he didn't seem very religious, they saw
:10:43. > :10:46.him at the mosque only once even though he lived here for two years
:10:47. > :10:53.and he didn't observe Ramadan. But he was about to be deported when he
:10:54. > :10:56.blew himself up and he left a message pledging himself to the
:10:57. > :11:02.leader of Islamic State. We know that the Bavarian premier has been
:11:03. > :11:10.speaking but what is the mood in Germany? Up until last week, Germany
:11:11. > :11:14.had largely escaped the kind of scenes that we've heard about in
:11:15. > :11:19.France and scene in Ofgem, the kind of scenes we saw in Britain on July
:11:20. > :11:25.seven, even though they have taken in more than 1 million refugees.
:11:26. > :11:33.Things have been calm. Four attacks has changed that a lot -- and in
:11:34. > :11:37.Belgium. The attacks may not be connected to any jihad, one may be
:11:38. > :11:45.linked to the far right but that is falling to the wayside in the public
:11:46. > :11:47.awareness. The kind of welcoming culture we saw with such
:11:48. > :11:54.extraordinary scenes last summer with people carrying water and food
:11:55. > :11:59.for the incoming refugees, that seems to be changing. Angela
:12:00. > :12:03.Merkel's popularity ratings are falling, under pressure from members
:12:04. > :12:04.of her own coalition who say that the open borders policy must stop.
:12:05. > :12:11.Thank you for joining us. IS was quick to claim
:12:12. > :12:13.today's attack in France. Are the recent attacks a coordinated
:12:14. > :12:17.series aimed at destabilising the fabric of Western society
:12:18. > :12:20.or random acts of extreme violence? Is this the start of some awful
:12:21. > :12:25.new chapter of political violence You don't have to delve very deep
:12:26. > :12:35.to see that killers using knives, axes or vehicles are extremely hard
:12:36. > :12:38.to detect ahead of time, But some of these acts,
:12:39. > :12:44.at least, are part of a new wave It's different to the threat we sort
:12:45. > :12:49.of previously experienced with Al-Qaeda, precisely
:12:50. > :12:55.because the strategy has changed, the move towards low-grade terrorism
:12:56. > :12:58.insofar as it is not sophisticated, so everyday, ordinary objects,
:12:59. > :13:03.a car, all these sorts of things are being used now to kill people
:13:04. > :13:07.in politically symbolic ways that still affects us and resonates very
:13:08. > :13:10.profoundly with our societies, but it's materially different
:13:11. > :13:15.to something like the scale and sophistication of September
:13:16. > :13:21.11th, the Madrid bombings, or 7/7. Faced with this threat,
:13:22. > :13:26.police called to the scene, as today, have to take decisions
:13:27. > :13:29.immediately with a high probability Well, certainly, what we've seen,
:13:30. > :13:36.not just in France and Germany, but in events that have
:13:37. > :13:38.taken place elsewhere, so for example in Ottawa
:13:39. > :13:41.and in Sydney, is a terrorist threat that manifests itself with the aim
:13:42. > :13:44.that the assailants are not planning And therefore what the police need
:13:45. > :13:52.to do is to assess very quickly the threat that is posed,
:13:53. > :13:54.the risks that are there, and to select the appropriate
:13:55. > :13:59.tactical option, which more often than not in cases of late requires
:14:00. > :14:02.a very swift response IS has claimed today's attack,
:14:03. > :14:10.but is that just a cynical ploy? Some recent claims, like Nice,
:14:11. > :14:13.have taken more than 24 hours, leading some to suppose that
:14:14. > :14:16.Islamic State is simply taking But in several instances,
:14:17. > :14:23.there have been signs We don't live in a police state,
:14:24. > :14:27.thankfully, and there isn't a policeman on every single corner
:14:28. > :14:30.keeping tabs on every single Nevertheless, the measures
:14:31. > :14:36.that we do have in the United Kingdom are such to keep
:14:37. > :14:40.abreast of what's taking place in order to allocate resources
:14:41. > :14:42.at the correct time to threats Does that mean that every single
:14:43. > :14:49.incident can be prevented? The aspiration is to aim for that,
:14:50. > :14:52.that is what the security services want to achieve,
:14:53. > :14:55.but it can't necessarily Addressing France tonight,
:14:56. > :15:01.President Hollande told a nation shocked by recent events
:15:02. > :15:05.just how much was at stake. We the French people,
:15:06. > :15:18.let us make a block. That is how we will win the war
:15:19. > :15:21.against hatred and fanaticism. And I assure you,
:15:22. > :15:25.we will win this war. Long live the Republic,
:15:26. > :15:28.long live France. With the ongoing wave of violence,
:15:29. > :15:33.President Hollande has seen the far right surge in the polls
:15:34. > :15:40.and his own ratings slump. And as it carries on,
:15:41. > :15:43.there is a very real possibility that the government might be changed
:15:44. > :15:46.in France, or even Germany, by this wave of Islamic State
:15:47. > :15:53.inspired violence - something their supporters
:15:54. > :15:55.could regard as a major coup. With further raids under way in that
:15:56. > :15:58.France tonight, those involved in counterterrorism expect
:15:59. > :16:07.a long and difficult summer. With me now is Shami Chakrabarti,
:16:08. > :16:10.the former director of Liberty a former director of global
:16:11. > :16:27.counter-terrorism for MI6. There can be no softer target than a
:16:28. > :16:34.church with a priest, two nuns and other worshippers. This series of
:16:35. > :16:38.soft targets in France and now in Germany, IS will use these to
:16:39. > :16:43.destabilise, whether aren't they were the instigators. Absolutely, IS
:16:44. > :16:47.will take advantage of anything that happens, and of course our own
:16:48. > :16:50.reaction is to assume that it is IS as well, because they have been
:16:51. > :16:56.quite successful at that. When you think of the soft target in any
:16:57. > :17:00.country, or any country that might be the target of IS, it is very hard
:17:01. > :17:04.to know what you should do to protect them. The contract between
:17:05. > :17:09.the state and the citizen is that the state will try to keep the
:17:10. > :17:15.Citizen safe while giving them freedoms, but as Sarkozy was saying,
:17:16. > :17:19.is that possible when the enemy has no taboos, no limits, no borders?
:17:20. > :17:24.Are we going to have to change the way we look at security? I would say
:17:25. > :17:29.quite the reverse, because the whole point of IS is to undermine the
:17:30. > :17:33.cohesion of society, to a road human rights and the observance of human
:17:34. > :17:36.rights and so on, and to make people feel that they are being
:17:37. > :17:41.discriminated against and that the governments they live and not doing
:17:42. > :17:45.a good job of looking out the them. So I think, actually, as was said
:17:46. > :17:50.famously after the Anders Breivik attacks, what we need is more
:17:51. > :17:54.democracy, not less. When people are murdered, we do not expect the state
:17:55. > :17:59.to stop every murder, but do we expect the state to stop every act
:18:00. > :18:04.of terrorism? Or is Manuel Valls right, you have to live with it?
:18:05. > :18:09.Well, we all live with risk in our lives, but Richard is so right, the
:18:10. > :18:14.point about terrorism is that it provokes to get a reaction, so if
:18:15. > :18:18.for example Angela Merkel had been a stabilising influence on the
:18:19. > :18:24.continent of Europe, then that has to be undermined. Now, we have seen
:18:25. > :18:27.so many horrors in recent times, including, by the way, the murder of
:18:28. > :18:32.an MP on our own streets, and I suspect that if the alleged
:18:33. > :18:35.perpetrator had been of a different race, we would have been discussing
:18:36. > :18:42.whether that could have been claimed by them. What I suspect is going on,
:18:43. > :18:45.of course, some of these incidents are orchestrated, some are inspired,
:18:46. > :18:50.and some are claimed after the event, regardless of what happened.
:18:51. > :18:54.And in a sense, we have to deal with risk, we have to deal with our own
:18:55. > :18:59.fears, and we have to make sure we do not close down our society,
:19:00. > :19:06.because that is, I hate to keep saying this, that is what IS wants.
:19:07. > :19:13.But we do expect the state to have a certain degree of surveillance, a
:19:14. > :19:16.certain degree of security. As we know, after the Paris attacks,
:19:17. > :19:20.thousands were interviewed, and we know there was a failure of security
:19:21. > :19:26.today because one of the attackers had and Alec Trellick Tower on. One
:19:27. > :19:29.of the attackers had an electronic target, and that raises a question
:19:30. > :19:33.too about how many people you can put under total surveillance at
:19:34. > :19:37.anyone time. One of the things I suspect we have in common is that
:19:38. > :19:43.this idea of the wrist freezers I'd eat this the enemy of this book and
:19:44. > :19:57.the civil liberties Aryan. -- the risk free society is the enemy of
:19:58. > :20:02.the spook and the civil libertarian. But we expect our security servers
:20:03. > :20:09.to deliver for us, and there has to be a curtailing of certain freedoms.
:20:10. > :20:14.Well, I am not sure, you know, that has to be put to the public test, as
:20:15. > :20:18.to how much freedom they would like curtailed, but you are right, the
:20:19. > :20:22.problem of looking at everybody who could possibly be a future
:20:23. > :20:29.perpetrator of a terrorist crime is amazing. In-lap Roz, for example,
:20:30. > :20:33.300 people who have come back from Iraq, Syria, another 800 have been
:20:34. > :20:40.stopped, that is already 1100 people. -- in France. We have to
:20:41. > :20:44.keep these things in proportion. We have an idea that we can completely
:20:45. > :20:50.eliminate the threat from terrorism, but we do not regard any other crime
:20:51. > :20:55.in that way. But does behaviour have to change? I mean, the behaviours of
:20:56. > :21:00.children in schools,, you know, duck and cover for the nuclear threat, do
:21:01. > :21:05.we have to be more aware of terrorism? I do not think it is
:21:06. > :21:10.about dark and cover, but we need to reflect, we had an opportunity after
:21:11. > :21:16.9/11 and again after 7/7, and now we have a similar opportunity in France
:21:17. > :21:22.and Germany, and I hope they go the way that Norway went after Breivik.
:21:23. > :21:27.Yes, we need a mortgage and society, but we need a stronger civil
:21:28. > :21:34.society, we need a vigil is in communities. But how do you maintain
:21:35. > :21:39.a cohesive society? We know things are changing in Germany, even in the
:21:40. > :21:44.last the weeks, as you know, Gabriel Gatehouse was saying, the wonderful
:21:45. > :21:50.welcome that refugees had. How do keep society cohesive when there is
:21:51. > :21:54.a lot of division? Well, as he said, over 1 million refugees now in
:21:55. > :21:58.Germany, how many refugees have been arrested on terrorism charges? I
:21:59. > :22:03.should imagine less than five, a tiny percentage. So we are
:22:04. > :22:10.extrapolated from this security threat into, you know, anxiety about
:22:11. > :22:13.immigrants. If I was Isis, I would be thinking about positively
:22:14. > :22:19.undermining Angela Merkel's policy on refugees right now, because it is
:22:20. > :22:23.about alienation and injustice, and that is how you recruit terrorists.
:22:24. > :22:27.I just want to change the subject, because there were reports that you
:22:28. > :22:32.had refused a peerage. Rather than asking that, is there a peerage in
:22:33. > :22:42.the offing? That is being discussed, a Labour peerage. I don't know, are
:22:43. > :22:43.you going to take onto my I haven't been offered one, have you? Many
:22:44. > :22:45.times! Thank you very much indeed. The Democrat Convention
:22:46. > :22:47.in the City of Brotherly Love Last night, Michelle Obama raised
:22:48. > :22:51.the roof in Philadelphia with a passionate speech in praise
:22:52. > :22:53.of Hillary Clinton, and later tonight, Bill Clinton
:22:54. > :22:56.will take to the stage. But there's a lot of unease
:22:57. > :22:58.about poor poll showings and the convention
:22:59. > :23:10.has had a rocky start. All that is true, but tonight
:23:11. > :23:14.America stands on the edge of history, a major political party is
:23:15. > :23:19.about to another date a woman for president for the first time ever.
:23:20. > :23:25.The roll call going on behind me, noisy and emotional, as the states
:23:26. > :23:28.and the delegates take their turn one by one. Well, the Pap for
:23:29. > :23:33.Hillary Clinton has been far from smooth. As you said, last night
:23:34. > :23:38.Democratic rival Bernie Sanders took to the stage to endorse her,
:23:39. > :23:43.wholeheartedly, and to ask his supporters to do the same. But it is
:23:44. > :23:48.a problem that stands, do his actions actually belie his words?
:23:49. > :23:54.And how does a character so divisive and so unpopular as Hillary Clinton,
:23:55. > :23:55.going into this Convention on favourability ratings of minus 22,
:23:56. > :23:58.bring her country round? # You must rejoice,
:23:59. > :24:03.there is no choice The Late Show at convention
:24:04. > :24:13.is virtually required viewing Stephen Colbert channelling
:24:14. > :24:16.the hipster Sandista Death, taxes and Hillary -
:24:17. > :24:28.she's made to seem inevitable. And inevitability, as we all know,
:24:29. > :24:30.is rarely that sexy. And Tim Kaine!
:24:31. > :24:33.LAUGHTER. Hillary Clinton will make
:24:34. > :24:36.an outstanding president, and I am proud to stand
:24:37. > :24:40.with her tonight! gave the strongest endorsement
:24:41. > :24:46.he could of Clinton. A confused response from the hall,
:24:47. > :24:49.though - some cheers, some boos,
:24:50. > :24:55.and chanting. And the Hillary campaign team,
:24:56. > :24:58.led by John Podesta, who was also her husband
:24:59. > :25:01.Bill Clinton's chief of staff, The really big problem
:25:02. > :25:06.for the party is the unpopularity
:25:07. > :25:08.of both main candidates now, Look, I think we are
:25:09. > :25:11.going to work, and this convention will succeed
:25:12. > :25:16.in putting forward not only a platform
:25:17. > :25:19.and a set of ideas but show Hillary Clinton
:25:20. > :25:26.and Tim Kaine as people who've devoted their life to helping
:25:27. > :25:30.working people, to lifting them up, and we'll see a lot of that
:25:31. > :25:33.through the voices of real people Others, like former presidential
:25:34. > :25:38.candidate Dennis Kucinich, called for more radical action
:25:39. > :25:41.from her Hillary Clinton, if she
:25:42. > :25:47.recognised how sharply divided the party is right now
:25:48. > :25:50.because of the DNC scandal, she would permit Bernie Sanders
:25:51. > :25:53.to be nominated from the floor If you had a Clinton-Sanders
:25:54. > :25:59.ticket, I think that would do a lot to heal the party and give it
:26:00. > :26:02.a strong chance in November. You're actually saying
:26:03. > :26:04.she should get rid of Kaine now. Not get rid of him, no, it's not
:26:05. > :26:07.about getting rid of anybody. It's about realising
:26:08. > :26:10.that something happened here that is profoundly adverse
:26:11. > :26:13.to what the Democratic Party is supposed to believe in,
:26:14. > :26:18.and so how do you heal that? You can't just let it stand,
:26:19. > :26:20.it's got to be addressed, and the easiest way to address it
:26:21. > :26:23.is to say, and the one way to do that is to
:26:24. > :26:31.say, "Bernie, come on board." Despite emphatic words of support
:26:32. > :26:34.from Bernie Sanders last night, here is the curious thing -
:26:35. > :26:37.the Vermont Senator has never officially
:26:38. > :26:39.suspended his own campaign, and this morning he announced he
:26:40. > :26:42.wouldn't be fundraising for Clinton, telling his supporters
:26:43. > :26:48.the political revolution goes on. And one of those opening the
:26:49. > :26:51.convention here onstage explains it, telling me this is essentially
:26:52. > :26:54.the first time the Hillary-Sanders
:26:55. > :26:55.campaigns have met. as two campaigns
:26:56. > :26:59.who have fought each other. We'll go out of here as one
:27:00. > :27:02.effort to defeat Donald Trump and hold on to the White House
:27:03. > :27:04.this fall. Are you sure?
:27:05. > :27:06.Oh, absolutely, absolutely. First of all, the majority
:27:07. > :27:08.of our folks are already there, and the rest, every day, are coming
:27:09. > :27:11.to understand just how quickly we've been moving this party
:27:12. > :27:19.in a progressive direction. A month ago, we had
:27:20. > :27:22.a milquetoast platform. Today, we have the most progressive
:27:23. > :27:24.in the party's history. It's because of the work
:27:25. > :27:27.of our revolution. This is a weird cocoon,
:27:28. > :27:29.he explains - "We come in one animal,
:27:30. > :27:31.we go out another" - every breath Hillary Clinton
:27:32. > :27:36.has to spend uniting her own party is one lost talking
:27:37. > :27:39.to the swing voters she so desperately needs
:27:40. > :27:53.to win over. Well, Hillary Clinton need that
:27:54. > :27:57.magic number to cross the line. In the last few moments, we have just
:27:58. > :28:02.had the nomination from the oldest delegate, 102-year-old woman from
:28:03. > :28:06.Arizona, older than the suffrage movement itself. One of her closest
:28:07. > :28:11.confidants, who has known her for three decades, and her husband, is
:28:12. > :28:16.the Virginia governor Terry McAuliffe. He will be nominating her
:28:17. > :28:18.public on the stage in a moment. Just before we came on air, I spoke
:28:19. > :28:22.to him. Did Bernie Sanders
:28:23. > :28:24.do enough last night I think Bernie Sanders did more
:28:25. > :28:27.than anyone expected. He made it clear
:28:28. > :28:29.why he was in the race, and then at the end he said,
:28:30. > :28:32."This is why we have to elect Hillary Clinton
:28:33. > :28:34.as the next president." So you had Michelle Obama,
:28:35. > :28:36.you had Elizabeth Warren, and then you, of course,
:28:37. > :28:38.had Senator Sanders. Yesterday, the Sanders folks,
:28:39. > :28:40.listen, they worked hard, I chaired Hillary's last campaign
:28:41. > :28:42.for president, They wanted to vent yesterday,
:28:43. > :28:46.they did that. Now we begin, we nominate her,
:28:47. > :28:49.we go on as one party. But do his actions
:28:50. > :28:51.support his words? He said today he wouldn't be
:28:52. > :28:54.fundraising for her. Well, that is OK, we don't
:28:55. > :28:57.need him to do fundraising. If he wants to help,
:28:58. > :28:59.it would be great, but he sent a text to
:29:00. > :29:01.everybody yesterday, he has told everybody, "Get in line,
:29:02. > :29:04.this is the right thing to do, we got to stop Donald Trump,
:29:05. > :29:08.we got to elect Hillary President." So, listen, this is hard,
:29:09. > :29:11.they came in close. As I said, I did it for Hillary,
:29:12. > :29:14.it is not easy, but this is the Democratic Party,
:29:15. > :29:16.we like to have our issues and discuss them, but now is the
:29:17. > :29:19.time, we move forward tonight. When we nominate her, and I'm proud,
:29:20. > :29:23.I get to walk on stage and announce the first female
:29:24. > :29:25.nominee in the history of the American political system,
:29:26. > :29:28.I'm pretty fired up. And you know how hard
:29:29. > :29:32.it is to sell her popularity around the country, why is that,
:29:33. > :29:35.and what has to happen now? I think the most important thing
:29:36. > :29:37.is we got to have a great convention,
:29:38. > :29:39.I thought yesterday was great. We obviously have Bill Clinton
:29:40. > :29:42.tonight, the President and Vice President tomorrow night,
:29:43. > :29:45.and then of course Hillary's speech and Tim Kaine's speech
:29:46. > :29:47.on Wednesday night. I think, once we finish
:29:48. > :29:49.this convention, everybody is going to know
:29:50. > :29:52.why we are running. what I thought was an embarrassment
:29:53. > :29:56.last week... I'm the ultimate optimist,
:29:57. > :29:59.but we had four days of tearing down America, America's
:30:00. > :30:02.miserable, America's losing. We're not, we're the
:30:03. > :30:04.greatest nation on earth. Can we be better?
:30:05. > :30:06.You bet we can! But people want to be uplifted,
:30:07. > :30:08.they won't hope. You got to compete on a global
:30:09. > :30:11.basis, not be a bunch of negative whiners,
:30:12. > :30:13.you want someone who is Do we have to see
:30:14. > :30:18.a different Hillary coming out of this
:30:19. > :30:24.convention, though? Does she need to be a different
:30:25. > :30:27.person going forward? she is the same Hillary that I have
:30:28. > :30:33.known for 36 years. You know, I talk about the times
:30:34. > :30:35.on vacation with her, playing with my kids in the pool
:30:36. > :30:38.I love Hillary Clinton, and you're going to see
:30:39. > :30:40.the Hillary Clinton Compassionate, I know her soul,
:30:41. > :30:43.she cares about people, she cares about children,
:30:44. > :30:45.and that's who she is. And you've worked very closely,
:30:46. > :30:48.of course, with Bill Clinton. Do you believe that he has been
:30:49. > :30:51.a help or a hindrance in terms of bringing on
:30:52. > :30:53.the women's vote? and I think tonight his speech
:30:54. > :30:56.will be spectacular. He's been campaigning
:30:57. > :30:58.all over the country, it's his wife who is going to be
:30:59. > :31:00.the next president, But I remind you, when
:31:01. > :31:08.Bill Clinton left office, he left with the second
:31:09. > :31:10.highest approval, of any second-term president
:31:11. > :31:13.in the history of America. Lots of jobs, things were great,
:31:14. > :31:20.peace around the world. As I mentioned, Bill Clinton will be
:31:21. > :31:25.speaking on the stage tonight. When I interviewed the former president
:31:26. > :31:29.18 months ago, he confided to me that Hillary Clinton had supported
:31:30. > :31:34.his political career the 26 years and now he's prepared to do the same
:31:35. > :31:38.for her. Back to you. We will wait for the Clinton speech.
:31:39. > :31:41.We are all used to getting letters from our banks advising us
:31:42. > :31:44.of changes in terms and conditions, but in a new departure
:31:45. > :31:46.almost a million NatWest business customers have received the news
:31:47. > :31:48.that the bank may have to levy charges for deposits,
:31:49. > :31:51.in other words, impose a negative rate of interest.
:31:52. > :31:54.So why the warning, and what impact is it designed to have?
:31:55. > :32:01.Here's our business editor, Helen Thomas.
:32:02. > :32:03.Through the looking glass, Alice found that normal
:32:04. > :32:07.was turned turned inside out, back to front and upside down.
:32:08. > :32:10.Negative interest rates are confronting banks
:32:11. > :32:13.with their own muddled, mixed-up version of reality.
:32:14. > :32:15.We take it for granted - put your money in the bank,
:32:16. > :32:18.and it will be kept safe for when you need it.
:32:19. > :32:20.If you're lucky, you'll earn some interest
:32:21. > :32:25.and get back a little more than you put in.
:32:26. > :32:29.But in a world of negative rates, that isn't necessarily the case.
:32:30. > :32:35.Banks might instead charge you for storing your money with them.
:32:36. > :32:38.The UK hasn't entered Wonderland - the Bank of England's key interest
:32:39. > :32:41.rate has been stuck at 0.5% for over seven years.
:32:42. > :32:44.But with the central bank expected to cut rates further next month,
:32:45. > :32:46.the weird and wonderful world of negative rates
:32:47. > :32:54.Royal Bank of Scotland has given a glimpse
:32:55. > :32:57.of this alternative financial reality.
:32:58. > :33:00.This message was buried in a new set of terms and conditions
:33:01. > :33:05.a warning that it could charge them interest on their account balances.
:33:06. > :33:12.to impose negative rates on its customers.
:33:13. > :33:16.But around the world, countries like Japan have already
:33:17. > :33:21.cut interest rates into negative territory, and in the eurozone,
:33:22. > :33:25.Denmark, Sweden or Switzerland, banks are effectively being charged
:33:26. > :33:30.to keep their excess funds at the central bank.
:33:31. > :33:33.The theory is that this gets banks interested in lending more
:33:34. > :33:38.and pushes borrowing costs lower to help the economy.
:33:39. > :33:43.Banks are wary of passing on the costs of negative rates
:33:44. > :33:50.The first one is whether savers would need to save
:33:51. > :33:55.just at the time when the economy needs spending instead of support.
:33:56. > :33:58.And secondly, whether depositors start to lose a bit of confidence
:33:59. > :34:00.in the banking system and actually take it out.
:34:01. > :34:02.We've already seen, in Japan and Germany,
:34:03. > :34:05.that the sale of safes have shot up, and what would that mean
:34:06. > :34:07.to the confidence in the banking system if people started
:34:08. > :34:10.to leave their money in safes rather than the bank?
:34:11. > :34:13.Nervous savers aside, negative rates end up
:34:14. > :34:17.squeezing banks' profits, and that could mean
:34:18. > :34:21.less lending, not more - a bad outcome for the economy.
:34:22. > :34:24.I think that negative rates could be a dangerous experiment.
:34:25. > :34:28.We simply don't know how they work for any prolonged period of time.
:34:29. > :34:32.One reason for them is to try to make the cost of funding cheaper,
:34:33. > :34:34.but actually the examples of Sweden and Denmark
:34:35. > :34:37.show that banks put up their prices to offset the negative rates,
:34:38. > :34:41.the exact opposite of what policymakers want.
:34:42. > :34:44.That is why Bank of England Governor Mark Carney has suggested
:34:45. > :34:48.that negative rates could do more harm than good.
:34:49. > :34:52.He warned the hit to bank profitability could, perversely,
:34:53. > :34:55.reduce credit availability or even increase its overall price.
:34:56. > :35:01.for ever more fantastical ways to boost economies.
:35:02. > :35:08.Negative interest rates, however, may not be all that they appear.
:35:09. > :35:12.Amongst the uncertainties of a post-Brexit Britain,
:35:13. > :35:14.the future of scientific research is critical,
:35:15. > :35:18.says one of the country's most senior scientists,
:35:19. > :35:21.the president of the Royal Society, Sir Venki Ramakrishnan.
:35:22. > :35:24.The Nobel Prize winner has told Newsnight that he wants
:35:25. > :35:26.the government to underwrite research funding for scientists
:35:27. > :35:30.who are applying for EU money right now.
:35:31. > :35:32.He's also concerned that some of the best scientific talent here
:35:33. > :35:40.following disillusionment among researchers after the vote.
:35:41. > :35:44.When I interviewed him earlier, I began by asking him which
:35:45. > :35:46.side of the EU referendum debate the scientific community fell on.
:35:47. > :35:51.Science is fundamentally international in nature,
:35:52. > :35:55.so I think science has always been dependent on the free flow
:35:56. > :35:59.of people and ideas, and so we were passionately for the EU,
:36:00. > :36:01.because anything that lowers the barrier to mobility
:36:02. > :36:09.And I was of the opinion that the Government should simply
:36:10. > :36:13.say that EU researchers who are already based in Britain
:36:14. > :36:17.should simply be allowed to stay, without any sort of conditions.
:36:18. > :36:24.And I thought this would be, you know, perfectly obvious,
:36:25. > :36:28.and, you know, it would also force the EU's hand, because, you know,
:36:29. > :36:34.I don't see what else they could do except to respond similarly.
:36:35. > :36:37.What might be the impact of Brexit on future funding,
:36:38. > :36:44.If we are perceived as an inward-looking country
:36:45. > :36:48.that is not so welcoming to the outside world,
:36:49. > :36:50.and that is the impression that some people have got, then
:36:51. > :36:57.We are in a global market for talent, and we need to attract
:36:58. > :37:04.On the other hand, if it's suggested that Brexit is a desire on the part
:37:05. > :37:09.of the majority of the British to simply take control
:37:10. > :37:14.over their laws, but not actually be against immigration as such, then,
:37:15. > :37:19.you know, we have to look to see how we make immigration easy,
:37:20. > :37:22.and we also have to make sure that we continue our collaborations
:37:23. > :37:32.Are you already hearing doubts from people that believe they may
:37:33. > :37:35.not get the European funding they need?
:37:36. > :37:38.People are naturally worried about this, you know,
:37:39. > :37:41.sudden loss of funding, which would be the sort of thing
:37:42. > :37:43.that would make us much less competitive.
:37:44. > :37:46.And I should say, it's not just the funding alone.
:37:47. > :37:51.Most scientists would prefer that funding to be through the EU
:37:52. > :37:55.so that we can be part of these EU networks and large-scale
:37:56. > :37:58.collaborations, because that allows the UK to influence large-scale
:37:59. > :38:04.Because we are one of the leaders in science in Europe,
:38:05. > :38:06.and if we are isolated, then we won't be able
:38:07. > :38:10.But given the strictures at the moment on the economy,
:38:11. > :38:14.what are the chances of getting that money out of the Government?
:38:15. > :38:20.If Britain wants to succeed on its own, outside the EU, it can
:38:21. > :38:24.only do so by being an advanced innovation-based, knowledge-based
:38:25. > :38:28.society, and so there really isn't any alternative to science funding,
:38:29. > :38:31.and if you cut science funding when times are bad,
:38:32. > :38:35.then it takes a very, very long time to restore science,
:38:36. > :38:38.because scientists leave, and then it takes a decade to train
:38:39. > :38:43.And so it is very bad value for money to cut science.
:38:44. > :38:46.But wouldn't we just replace EU funding with global funding
:38:47. > :38:50.that perhaps now we have not sought hard enough?
:38:51. > :38:54.Over the last 20 or 30 years, because we were part of the EU,
:38:55. > :38:57.we have built up connections, networks, collaborations
:38:58. > :39:05.Now, to reproduce those sorts of things elsewhere, first of all,
:39:06. > :39:10.the structures have to exist for those sorts of funding,
:39:11. > :39:12.and secondly, you know, would have to build up networks,
:39:13. > :39:17.Did the scientists not shout loud enough during the campaign?
:39:18. > :39:21.I think a lot of scientists did shout out loud enough,
:39:22. > :39:23.but I don't think this referendum was decided based on
:39:24. > :39:27.In fact, I would venture to guess that it made absolutely no
:39:28. > :39:34.difference to the people who voted to leave.
:39:35. > :39:35.They were concerned more about things like immigration,
:39:36. > :39:44.The question we have to ask is, why did we not,
:39:45. > :39:48.over three generations, or at least two generations,
:39:49. > :39:51.inculcate in, you know, our population a feeling
:39:52. > :39:56.that we are actually all European and not...
:39:57. > :39:59.I mean, we are perfectly willing to accept that we are both English
:40:00. > :40:02.and British, but, you know, when it comes to the next step,
:40:03. > :40:05.English, British and European, you know, many of us
:40:06. > :40:14.And I think that is really, to me, as someone who is a relative
:40:15. > :40:16.outsider, who came here 16 years ago, that is something
:40:17. > :40:28.You may remember USA Freedom Kids, the adorable pro-Trump
:40:29. > :40:30.cheerleading group that charmed the world back in January
:40:31. > :40:32.group that charmed the world back in January with their
:40:33. > :40:35.Now, rather less charmingly, their manager, Mike Popick,
:40:36. > :40:42.is planning to sue Team Trump for not paying him.
:40:43. > :41:05.Anyway, we thought it was all a great excuse
:41:06. > :41:06.If you woke up to sunshine this morning there's a good