:00:37. > :00:38.Now that we have this suspect in custody, the investigation can
:00:39. > :00:40.focus on whether this individual acted
:00:41. > :00:42.alone and what his motivations may have been.
:00:43. > :00:44.The New York bombing suspect is caught after a shoot-out.
:00:45. > :00:46.He was originally from Afghanistan, and he's put Islam back
:00:47. > :00:52....change the minds of the voters about Trump or Clinton?
:00:53. > :00:56.Terror and the response to it has become acutely, quickly political.
:00:57. > :00:58.How will it affect this presidential race?
:00:59. > :01:00.These attacks and many others were made possible because of our
:01:01. > :01:03.Also tonight: Therapeutic use exemptions.
:01:04. > :01:05.Get to know the phrase, as we may hear a lot more
:01:06. > :01:09.This sports scientist worries they're open to abuse
:01:10. > :01:11.And Brian Cox on science in an age of unenlightenment.
:01:12. > :01:13.There's something required of citizens, I think.
:01:14. > :01:15.And what's required is that they understand, as
:01:16. > :01:24.What it means for science to offer a view, how to weigh that.
:01:25. > :01:30.Many New Yorkers woke this morning to the sound of an emergency alert
:01:31. > :01:36.The accompanying message told them to look out for a particular man
:01:37. > :01:38.suspected of involvement in planting bombs yesterday
:01:39. > :01:45.By lunchtime in New York, they had him.
:01:46. > :01:58.Thanks. Americans awoke this morning to an active manhunt after those
:01:59. > :02:02.four Terror attempts over the course of the weekend. And by lunchtime
:02:03. > :02:09.news of a shoot out and I suspect now in custody. That man was a
:02:10. > :02:14.28-year-old Afghan born US citizen. His name is Ahmad Khan Rahami, and
:02:15. > :02:18.police believe he may be critical in helping them piece together what
:02:19. > :02:22.happened seven blocks from here in the Chelsea district of Manhattan
:02:23. > :02:27.where, on Saturday night an IED exploded with 29 people injured.
:02:28. > :02:33.There were several other attempted explosions around New Jersey, too.
:02:34. > :02:36.And at this critical juncture in the electoral cycle, many are wondering
:02:37. > :02:41.what terror and the response to it will do to the presidential race. We
:02:42. > :02:44.heard from Donald Trump first thing this morning suggesting that the
:02:45. > :02:50.police's hands could be tied by political correctness, and then
:02:51. > :02:55.emerged Hillary Clinton. She tried to remind the American people of the
:02:56. > :02:59.part she played in the capture of Osama bin Laden and called on them
:03:00. > :03:03.not to demonise an entire race or religion. So how will their rhetoric
:03:04. > :03:07.affects the presidential race? Have a look at this report.
:03:08. > :03:14.Three attempted terror attacks on the same day on US soil. An
:03:15. > :03:20.explosion. Pipe bombs and pressure cookers. Crude devices and last
:03:21. > :03:26.night they found several more stuffed into a backpack in a bin.
:03:27. > :03:28.The speculation from the Elizabeth police Department is that they were
:03:29. > :03:33.not timed to go off, therefore whether they are being investigated
:03:34. > :03:38.or followed that they were disposed of in a garbage can in a hasty
:03:39. > :03:44.manner. This is a city on high alert, awaiting the arrival of world
:03:45. > :03:50.leaders for a UN summit. And after a morning manhunt and shoot out, this
:03:51. > :03:57.is the man being held in custody, Mr Rahami, an Afghan born US national
:03:58. > :04:00.whose picture has been splashed across TV networks all morning. So
:04:01. > :04:11.far nothing to be said with any certainty except this, that 15 weeks
:04:12. > :04:18.before an election, it becomes political. We are going to have to
:04:19. > :04:22.be tough, I think this is something that will happen perhaps more and
:04:23. > :04:27.more over the country. You mean more terrorist strikes? Yeah, because we
:04:28. > :04:32.are weak, our country has been weak, we are letting people in by the tens
:04:33. > :04:36.of thousands, you've got to stop it. And from Clinton, this. We going
:04:37. > :04:41.after the bad guys and we are going to get them, but we are not going to
:04:42. > :04:46.go after an entire religion and give Isis exactly what it wants in order
:04:47. > :04:49.for them to their position. The Manhattan device went off just as
:04:50. > :04:55.the president was on his way here. His last speech to the Congressional
:04:56. > :05:00.Black Caucus board where he begged African-Americans to continue his
:05:01. > :05:05.legacy by voting for her. Any threat to national-security can be a major
:05:06. > :05:08.Game Changers, and this at a time when the Clinton campaign no longer
:05:09. > :05:12.seems so sure footed. The White House is just a mile or so up the
:05:13. > :05:16.road from here and over the course of the summer Hillary Clinton's path
:05:17. > :05:20.to it looked clear. She was far enough ahead in crucial swing states
:05:21. > :05:24.for the team to feel quite confident. Over the last week or so
:05:25. > :05:30.polls have narrowed dramatically and now the team is wondering if they
:05:31. > :05:33.have to change, too. Donna Brazil chairs the Democratic National
:05:34. > :05:38.committee. Is she concerned about the current state of the race? Are
:05:39. > :05:41.you worried about the polls narrow win? We knew all along that the
:05:42. > :05:45.polls would be tight going into the final spread to the campaign. But we
:05:46. > :05:49.are very confident that we have a great campaign, extraordinary
:05:50. > :05:53.leadership across the country, looking forward to the first debate
:05:54. > :05:57.and the countdown to election day. Does the fact the polls have
:05:58. > :06:02.tightened me in the campaign will have to change, you will have to
:06:03. > :06:04.change? We expect the polls to tighten. What happens in a
:06:05. > :06:08.presidential year is that the American people decide at the last
:06:09. > :06:13.minute. Some days they are with Hillary, some days they are not. At
:06:14. > :06:18.guess what? Overall they are looking for the kind of leadership that will
:06:19. > :06:23.lead this country forward. Outside the DC Beltway they are not social.
:06:24. > :06:29.He soccer mums are here to cheer, but sometimes their hearts aren't in
:06:30. > :06:33.it. Kind of sad to think that we have two candidates that nobody can
:06:34. > :06:37.really get their arms around. I think that they've both made
:06:38. > :06:44.mistakes, and America is watching, and we are not stupid. A game in
:06:45. > :06:47.many ways is Hillary's to lose. The changing demographics of America
:06:48. > :06:51.mean Democrats have fundamental advantages in the electoral map with
:06:52. > :06:52.more routes to win. Right now she needs them.
:06:53. > :06:54.Clinton's campaign is understood to be quietly pessimistic
:06:55. > :06:56.about both Ohio and Iowa, which Obama took twice.
:06:57. > :06:58.Florida, the largest prize, will remain competitive
:06:59. > :07:04.It is possible for her to lose the big three, they say,
:07:05. > :07:10.But she'll have to fight twice as hard for all
:07:11. > :07:24.And of course finding electoral maths is one thing, finding
:07:25. > :07:28.electoral viagra is quite another, particularly among this crowd,
:07:29. > :07:34.millennial 's, who bring idealism to eight backdrop of jaded politics.
:07:35. > :07:38.But perhaps Hillary's problem is less tangible, her campaign has
:07:39. > :07:42.stamina but she lacks momentum. She does not energise the way Obama did
:07:43. > :07:46.with his message of hope, or the way Donald Trump does with a message of
:07:47. > :07:52.anger. Americans feel they have known have 25 years, and even
:07:53. > :07:57.amongst some Democrats there is a sense of enthusiasm gap as they call
:07:58. > :08:03.it. As Obama said at the weekend, hope is on the ballot, but fear is,
:08:04. > :08:07.too. The remark may yet backfire. If terror moves centre stage at this
:08:08. > :08:10.critical point of the cycle, just one week before the presidential
:08:11. > :08:11.debates, Americans may be looking for reassurance in whatever form
:08:12. > :08:19.that takes. And that's the point, really. These
:08:20. > :08:25.attacks or attempted attacks, mercifully not fatal, but they have
:08:26. > :08:28.reminded Americans of their vulnerability and make them question
:08:29. > :08:33.who of those presidential choices would make them feel more secure.
:08:34. > :08:41.Let's pull that apart with my guests. I just learned that Kurt
:08:42. > :08:46.Volker was a CIA analyst for many years.
:08:47. > :08:54.If I said that people are looking for the candidate that says
:08:55. > :08:58.security, what would you say to that? I think people are scared and
:08:59. > :09:05.the rhetoric we are hearing from some of the candidates, especially
:09:06. > :09:13.Trump is meant to play on that paranoia. As far as a person who
:09:14. > :09:21.spells security, it is very vague. That could go either way. They could
:09:22. > :09:25.be looking for somebody who is strong and a leader with experience,
:09:26. > :09:29.and Hillary Clinton is certainly trying to draw on that and build on
:09:30. > :09:37.that assumption. But they could be looking for somebody who is from the
:09:38. > :09:40.outside of the foreign policy establishment, and going to shake
:09:41. > :09:44.things up, and that is what Donald Trump is counting on. It was very
:09:45. > :09:49.noticeable on Saturday night that Donald Trump was first up,
:09:50. > :09:53.immediately called it, there is a bomb in New York. Hillary Clinton
:09:54. > :09:58.emerged later and urged caution and the need for patience. She seems to
:09:59. > :10:02.have changed slightly, as he pushed her into a place where she has to
:10:03. > :10:07.come out sounding a little bit stronger? She does. There are two
:10:08. > :10:14.competing narratives going on. The Donald Trump narrative is that the
:10:15. > :10:17.administration, the US government, the Obama Clinton foreign policy,
:10:18. > :10:23.they don't get it, they are not keeping us safe, the terrorists are
:10:24. > :10:26.out there. So that's one narrative. On the other side you have this
:10:27. > :10:31.narrative, dynamic spearing is, I've been in the Senate, I'm in the
:10:32. > :10:36.situation room, I understand these issues, trying to project a serious,
:10:37. > :10:40.confident image, as Hillary Clinton is trying to do. The problem is that
:10:41. > :10:45.the public feels they don't get it, and is inclined to swing toward
:10:46. > :10:50.somebody like Donald Trump promising, even on a lack of
:10:51. > :10:53.experience, that he can do better. Hillary Clinton made reference to
:10:54. > :10:57.Trump obliquely saying we must not demonise a race or a nation. Do
:10:58. > :11:03.people here from her, somebody, there were all the questions about
:11:04. > :11:08.whether Obama would ever call out Islamist fanaticism, do people still
:11:09. > :11:14.watch her language in that way? Sure, people on the right certainly
:11:15. > :11:17.do, and a lot of Trump 's supporters or people leaning that way are
:11:18. > :11:25.certainly looking at that. But on the other side a lot of people are
:11:26. > :11:35.looking for her to make even more of a campaign issue of Trump's racism.
:11:36. > :11:39.The deplorables in another word, did that work or not? No, that was not a
:11:40. > :11:47.good choice, that was her elitism coming out which never helps. But I
:11:48. > :11:50.think there is segment of the electorate, racial minorities,
:11:51. > :11:53.people on the left who voted for Bernie, for whom Hillary Clinton's
:11:54. > :12:00.main selling point is that she is not a demagogue racist. So for her
:12:01. > :12:04.to emphasise that is a good choice for those voters, but it's tricky
:12:05. > :12:09.because there are also other voters. And for those on the left, they are
:12:10. > :12:13.now looking essentially at two pretty hawkish candidates. If you
:12:14. > :12:18.had to ask what foreign policy would be like under Clinton or under
:12:19. > :12:24.Trump, you don't know who would be more actively involved, right?
:12:25. > :12:32.Hillary Clinton comes off as a very traditional national-security
:12:33. > :12:36.leader, following on Obama, somebody described her campaign has a Obama
:12:37. > :12:39.heavy. Trump sometimes comes off as isolationist, sometimes very
:12:40. > :12:43.aggressive. So it is much harder to know what you are going to get. I
:12:44. > :12:49.think that Trump is trying to portray that he understands it and
:12:50. > :12:53.will deal with it. That is what he is pitching to them. What do you
:12:54. > :12:57.make of the race more widely? We have definitely seen a tightening of
:12:58. > :13:01.the polls, we know that there are supplies as every week at this
:13:02. > :13:05.stage, but would Clinton's team be worried by this and would baby
:13:06. > :13:10.changing? They are absolutely worried about this. They would be
:13:11. > :13:20.crazy not to be and be crazy not to try to change more. They need to do
:13:21. > :13:25.more to appeal to minority groups. She is spending a lot of time,
:13:26. > :13:28.curiously enough, at fundraisers. He's at these big rallies which look
:13:29. > :13:34.very public and cheese at fundraisers, does she need funds?
:13:35. > :13:37.It's a strange choice, she has a lot of funds already and she has the
:13:38. > :13:42.elite behind her, I mean, where else are they going to go? I don't think
:13:43. > :13:45.that the establishment needs to be convinced she is the right
:13:46. > :13:51.candidate. I think she needs to get out and talk to people.
:13:52. > :13:57.Mathematically it is harder for Trump? It is much harder, looking at
:13:58. > :14:00.the electoral college, the big states have always gone Democrat,
:14:01. > :14:04.California biggest among them. At the same time he is having a real
:14:05. > :14:09.run for some swing states that have not gone Republican for a while,
:14:10. > :14:13.Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Florida, Nevada. He's trying to rack
:14:14. > :14:19.up the real path to the presidency here. One thing I would say as
:14:20. > :14:22.regards to where we are in this election, I would say it is dead
:14:23. > :14:26.even and we don't know who will come out ahead and it will probably be
:14:27. > :14:30.decided by something we don't know yet. Sounds like an extraordinary
:14:31. > :14:34.few weeks still to go. Obama has congratulated the police for
:14:35. > :14:39.catching the suspect, the man they believe may have a connection to
:14:40. > :14:44.these bombs, at he urged supporters on Saturday to choose hope over
:14:45. > :14:48.fear, returning to his message, very important if people wanted to
:14:49. > :14:52.consider his legacy, to vote for her -- continue his legacy. The
:14:53. > :14:54.president really coming into the race at this point to back Hillary
:14:55. > :14:57.Clinton, too. The hackers known as the Fancy
:14:58. > :15:00.Bears, have been releasing more data today on the medical conditions
:15:01. > :15:02.of selected international Society generally frowns
:15:03. > :15:05.upon the leaking of But is it possible that people
:15:06. > :15:09.will at some point say these hackers have done us favour by alerting us
:15:10. > :15:12.to a grey area in relation What is being leaked are details
:15:13. > :15:17.of therapeutic use exemptions - TUEs - licences for athletes to take
:15:18. > :15:22.drugs for good medicinal reasons. Today, it emerged that Mo Farah had
:15:23. > :15:25.two TUEs over the years; golfer Justin Rose and Rafal Nadal also
:15:26. > :15:29.had details leaked. A lot of attention has focussed
:15:30. > :15:31.on Sir Bradley Wiggins, who had exemptions to take
:15:32. > :15:34.a powerful steroid called triam-cinolone on several occasions,
:15:35. > :15:37.just days ahead of major races, one of which was the 2012
:15:38. > :15:49.Tour De France, which he won. World Anti-Doping Agency say there
:15:50. > :15:52.is no problem. Now - there's no suggestion
:15:53. > :15:55.Sir Bradley, or any of the other A little earlier, I spoke
:15:56. > :16:00.to Dr Jeroen Swart from Cape Town. Dr Swart is much published sport
:16:01. > :16:03.scientist who last year defended Chris Froome against charges of drug
:16:04. > :16:05.cheating, having carried out He explained why he's less happy
:16:06. > :16:09.with what he's heard It is not one single point,
:16:10. > :16:13.it is a cluster of points and when you look at them
:16:14. > :16:17.in isolation, it might seem fine, but we take them all together
:16:18. > :16:19.in context, it leaves The first of those is simply
:16:20. > :16:26.the statements that were made by Bradley Wiggins himself
:16:27. > :16:31.in his autobiography in 2012 where he specifically stated
:16:32. > :16:40.that he had only ever used a needle or an injection for immunisations
:16:41. > :16:44.and for a drip when he was ill. And the team's policy,
:16:45. > :16:48.which was publicly stated, If one of the riders were sick
:16:49. > :16:55.they would rather send them home rather than use
:16:56. > :16:56.a prohibited substance These details that were leaked
:16:57. > :17:04.contradict both of those statements. It is simply that they
:17:05. > :17:09.contradict the statements The other aspects are that
:17:10. > :17:17.the substance that was used is quite a strong, long acting
:17:18. > :17:24.corticosteroid. It is not used frequently
:17:25. > :17:26.in the control of asthma and allergic conditions,
:17:27. > :17:31.it is used as a last resort. The other problem with that
:17:32. > :17:34.substance is it is the same substance that has been used
:17:35. > :17:38.by athletes specifically in cycling With a lot of testimonials
:17:39. > :17:47.from ex-professional cyclists, some who have been caught
:17:48. > :17:51.using prohibited substances and they all happen to have views
:17:52. > :18:00.coincidently on the exact same drug. And some of them have reported
:18:01. > :18:03.to have abused it in You have been a defender
:18:04. > :18:07.of Chris Froome, haven't you? And last year, you helped
:18:08. > :18:11.carry out tests on him, which you indicated were,
:18:12. > :18:15.if you like, helpful for Froome, against those saying
:18:16. > :18:20.he was cheating with drugs. And there have been details linked
:18:21. > :18:28.of his use of these TUEs as well. It is not just Chris Froome,
:18:29. > :18:34.I think I have been a fairly firm I have been involved in cycling
:18:35. > :18:37.for a long time. I have raced professionally
:18:38. > :18:39.as a cyclist in the mountain I have a strong
:18:40. > :18:42.passion for the sport. And during the time that
:18:43. > :18:45.I participated and I have been involved in the sport in other ways,
:18:46. > :18:48.I have obviously seen all of these scandals and we always
:18:49. > :18:54.want to be optimistic and hope that we have reached
:18:55. > :18:58.a new era where the sport is going to be cleaner and it
:18:59. > :19:03.certainly looks as though we are in better times than we have
:19:04. > :19:06.been in the past. And so, when a team such as Sky
:19:07. > :19:09.comes along and presents an image of being squeaky clean and certainly
:19:10. > :19:15.in terms of their stated intentions to do things by the book,
:19:16. > :19:19.and as transparently as possible and then does well in terms
:19:20. > :19:25.of their performances. That gives one hope and optimism
:19:26. > :19:33.and my approach has been to wait for evidence that that is not
:19:34. > :19:40.the case and rather than speculate and go on hearsay, and up
:19:41. > :19:46.until recently and specifically these TUE leaks, my position
:19:47. > :19:49.was more in support of them We have no evidence
:19:50. > :19:54.that they have cheated at all. This is a perfectly
:19:55. > :19:59.legal way of getting Last one, if I might,
:20:00. > :20:10.corticosteroids, are these really drugs now that you think needs extra
:20:11. > :20:15.regulation and extra care? If you look at one of the scientific
:20:16. > :20:21.studies into them and their performance from a French
:20:22. > :20:24.university, the colleagues published the study where they took
:20:25. > :20:27.recreationally competitive cyclists, they exposed them to a week
:20:28. > :20:33.of intense training and before that training week and after that
:20:34. > :20:43.training week they asked them to ride at 75% of their peak power
:20:44. > :20:46.output and they then give them another drug during a week
:20:47. > :20:49.of training as well. During the week of training
:20:50. > :20:51.without the corticosteroids, they improved their time by about,
:20:52. > :20:57.approximately ten minutes. The corticosteroid week
:20:58. > :21:02.when they trained with the exact same training, together
:21:03. > :21:04.with the dose of the corticosteroids daily, they improved their time
:21:05. > :21:08.by approximately 50 minutes. They almost doubled the time
:21:09. > :21:10.they could hold 75% That is quite
:21:11. > :21:16.a dramatic performance. The use of corticosteroids together
:21:17. > :21:22.with strenuous training resulted in a far greater improvement
:21:23. > :21:25.in performance after one week So there is evidence
:21:26. > :21:29.that corticosteroids enhance endurance and
:21:30. > :21:32.athletic performance. They are therefore prohibited
:21:33. > :21:35.in competition, but at the moment, there is no regulation
:21:36. > :21:40.of corticosteroids out of competition and that means that
:21:41. > :21:44.athletes can go and train and consume corticosteroids to
:21:45. > :21:48.whatever extent they like and then And if you look at the results
:21:49. > :21:54.of that study, that certainly indicates that they could
:21:55. > :21:56.have a performance enhancement by using corticosteroids
:21:57. > :21:59.as an aid to train. And lots of anecdotal
:22:00. > :22:01.evidence from former professionals who have been
:22:02. > :22:05.caught using prohibited We spoke to Team Sky and to
:22:06. > :22:15.Sir Bradley Wiggins office today. They both referred us to earlier
:22:16. > :22:18.statements they've made, emphasising that all TUEs
:22:19. > :22:32.were applied with the approval So Bradley Wiggins has said that
:22:33. > :22:36.when he wrote in his autobiography about never having had an injection
:22:37. > :22:43.he was referring to the historical practice of intravenous jacks --
:22:44. > :22:48.injections of performance enhancers, not the intramuscular 1-person --
:22:49. > :22:51.reference. Teams get it was wrong to say it did not allow riders compete
:22:52. > :22:54.under TUEs. At around midday on Saturday,
:22:55. > :22:57.Jeremy Corbyn is very likely to be re-elected as Labour leader
:22:58. > :22:58.and the recalcitrant parliamentary party
:22:59. > :23:00.will have to live with him, notwithstanding its
:23:01. > :23:02.obvious misgivings. The great debate among senior Corbyn
:23:03. > :23:04.opponents is whether to re-join A choice described as
:23:05. > :23:07.whether to serve or sulk. Meanwhile we can tell
:23:08. > :23:10.you what Team Corbyn's plan is, for what to do the the moment it
:23:11. > :23:13.wins the leadership again - it'll start preparing
:23:14. > :23:14.for a general election. Our political editor Nick Watt
:23:15. > :23:28.is with me. What can you tell us? What we have
:23:29. > :23:31.learned is that Jeremy Corbyn is planning to put the Labour Party on
:23:32. > :23:35.a General Election fitting if he wins that leadership contest as
:23:36. > :23:39.seems likely on Saturday. He accepts that Theresa May has said no to a
:23:40. > :23:44.snap election but he thinks she might hold an election next year for
:23:45. > :23:48.two possible reasons, one, she may need a mandate for her Brexit
:23:49. > :23:50.negotiations as a way of overcoming divisions in her party and the
:23:51. > :23:52.second reason is she may possibly look at the splits in the Labour
:23:53. > :24:09.Party. We might see a number of appointments,
:24:10. > :24:11.some reorganisation and an acceleration of the policy-making
:24:12. > :24:14.process to make sure that the Labour Party is ready for that. At the
:24:15. > :24:16.front of his mind is the hope that the prospect of an election will
:24:17. > :24:19.instil some discipline in his party. I also found out that Jeremy Corbyn
:24:20. > :24:22.is actually prepared to facilitate an early General Election, if
:24:23. > :24:25.Theresa May table a Commons motion calling for such an early election,
:24:26. > :24:29.he would instruct his Labour MPs to vote for it because under the fixed
:24:30. > :24:35.term Parliament act, that can only happen if two thirds of MPs vote for
:24:36. > :24:40.it. A lot of this is around an attempt to unify the party but you
:24:41. > :24:45.have news on his mission to do that as well. Jeremy Corbyn has been
:24:46. > :24:48.involved in an exercise to try and woo back former frontbenchers. I
:24:49. > :24:54.spoke to two former members of the Shadow Cabinet who said they would
:24:55. > :24:58.accept an invitation, the former Shadow Welsh Secretary said that if
:24:59. > :25:01.he wins it will be a time for everyone to be positive and another
:25:02. > :25:05.former frontbencher who was very critical of Jeremy Corbyn at the
:25:06. > :25:10.time of those resignations, said it would be time to pull together. A
:25:11. > :25:16.much larger group of former frontbencher say they regularly come
:25:17. > :25:21.back if the national executive would consider to rival proposals, one
:25:22. > :25:24.table by Tom Watson is to restore the old system, the second, a system
:25:25. > :25:28.favoured by Jeremy Corbyn is to give party members are far greater say.
:25:29. > :25:33.The Tom Watson proposal is favoured by most of the former frontbenchers,
:25:34. > :25:37.the Jeremy Corbyn proposal is favoured by a few. The election next
:25:38. > :25:43.year, the idea of an election next year, it is not only Jeremy Corbyn
:25:44. > :25:48.who is saying that is one to watch. I have been speaking to Paddy
:25:49. > :25:52.Ashdown, and he says that if Theresa May goes for a soft Brexit, when she
:25:53. > :25:57.triggers the process to take us out early next year, he believes that
:25:58. > :26:01.would lead to a civil war, which could bounce her into holding an
:26:02. > :26:03.early election. This is what he told me.
:26:04. > :26:06.If she chooses as I think she will, something that's in the best
:26:07. > :26:09.interests of Britain, if it has to be Brexit, i.e.
:26:10. > :26:11.continued access to the single market, she has 100 MPs
:26:12. > :26:14.who are going to say, up with this we will not put.
:26:15. > :26:16.She then loses the majority in the House of Commons.
:26:17. > :26:19.Sooner or later she has to bring that back to the house.
:26:20. > :26:21.She will find herself in that conundrum.
:26:22. > :26:23.Labour will say no for opportunistic reasons, they won't support her.
:26:24. > :26:25.If she wants to get that through, she
:26:26. > :26:29.So she doesn't think she wants an election,
:26:30. > :26:33.I think she's honest in saying she won't get one.
:26:34. > :26:36.But I'm not sure that the civil war in the Tory party, not
:26:37. > :26:38.yet visible but will become increasingly visible as she
:26:39. > :26:40.identifies that, will make that the only way
:26:41. > :26:50.Paddy Ashdown's theory there. Thank you very much.
:26:51. > :26:52.There is freedom of movement across Britain and the EU
:26:53. > :26:55.at the moment, but back in May the Home Office qualified the right
:26:56. > :26:58.of Europeans to reside here, by saying that those who have no
:26:59. > :27:01.where to live, can be sent back to their own country.
:27:02. > :27:04.Now, this means EU citizens who are found living on the street
:27:05. > :27:06.for whatever reason can be forcibly repatriated.
:27:07. > :27:08.It is a way of reducing the number of street sleepers -
:27:09. > :27:10.which have been boosted by foreigners struggling
:27:11. > :27:57.Katie Inman has been looking at how the policy is working.
:27:58. > :28:02.I would say that we would have around 50 to 60 people sleeping
:28:03. > :28:05.rough and many of them would move out, only for the summertime,
:28:06. > :28:07.because they are happy to live in these conditions
:28:08. > :28:20.But some people have to stay all the time because they do not
:28:21. > :28:24.Do they know anyone who has been removed or sent
:28:25. > :28:28.They know some people who have been removed by immigration
:28:29. > :28:34.TRANSLATION: If you're working, it is not a problem
:28:35. > :28:37.but if you cannot find work to support yourself, it is hard.
:28:38. > :28:41.If you're not paid, they will throw you out.
:28:42. > :28:44.They are earning around ?50 a day and around ?35 is spent for food
:28:45. > :28:54.and ?15 they then send back to their families in Romania.
:28:55. > :29:04.We are looked down on and seen as bad as if we are here
:29:05. > :31:31.When you came here from Latvia five years ago, what did you hope for?
:31:32. > :32:08.It sort of was arranged but it did not work out.
:32:09. > :32:11.I do not shoplift, I do not rob people,
:32:12. > :32:20.I simply try to survive and someone is basically making a wrong
:32:21. > :32:27.And so, I am being brushed with the same brush of other
:32:28. > :32:44.homeless people, drug addicts and stuff.
:32:45. > :32:49.The issue around whether or not somebody should be removed
:32:50. > :32:51.is invariably nothing to do with economic inactivity,
:32:52. > :32:54.but has always traditionally been associated with some sort
:32:55. > :32:58.of criminalisation process, having been imprisoned, etc...
:32:59. > :33:01.and one of the things that is clear is that you cannot remove someone
:33:02. > :33:03.simply on the basis of poverty, but rather
:33:04. > :33:33.Over at the Royal Society this evening, the Insight Investment
:33:34. > :33:40.Brian Cox has been hosting the event, and the winner
:33:41. > :33:43.is Andrea Wulf for a biography of the German explorer and
:33:44. > :33:49.If you want to know one thing about Humboldt, it should be that
:33:50. > :33:52.more things have been named after him than anyone else.
:33:53. > :33:55.Well, this year's science book prize comes at a time of apprehension
:33:56. > :33:58.for many in the science community, over funding and collaboration post
:33:59. > :34:01.Brexit, and over the place of science in a world
:34:02. > :34:03.in which there is diminishing deference to expert opinion.
:34:04. > :34:06.I went down to the Royal Society earlier, to meet Andrea
:34:07. > :34:24.Looking down the slopes and the mountain ranges in the distance,
:34:25. > :34:26.everything Humboldt had seen in the previous years came together.
:34:27. > :34:29.Everything that he'd ever observed fell into place.
:34:30. > :34:31.This new idea of nature was to change the way people
:34:32. > :34:36.The most common reaction I got when I said I
:34:37. > :34:39.was writing a book about Humboldt was a blank face because very few
:34:40. > :34:45.The weird thing is there are more people, places and plants named
:34:46. > :34:48.There is a Humboldt current, Humboldt Penguin,
:34:49. > :34:54.Even the state of Nevada was almost called Humboldt
:34:55. > :34:56.when the name was discussed in the 1860s.
:34:57. > :35:01.We would be saying Las Vegas, Humboldt, now.
:35:02. > :35:04.I mean, Brian, he was doing his science at a time when
:35:05. > :35:08.science, I mean, you make it sound fun but it was much more fun in his
:35:09. > :35:10.day because there was so much you could discover.
:35:11. > :35:12.You could be discovering acres of the world,
:35:13. > :35:16.We've just been discussing this actually.
:35:17. > :35:23.You saw it in Britain with people like
:35:24. > :35:25.Joseph Banks and on through to Darwin, and you see
:35:26. > :35:32.There is always a sense of regret, I think, that now
:35:33. > :35:40.Regret is probably the wrong word because we have a vast amount of
:35:41. > :35:43.knowledge that no one human being can get across, and it is very
:35:44. > :35:55.Perhaps this time, the 1860s to the 1870s
:35:56. > :35:57.was the last time you could do that.
:35:58. > :35:58.I think he is really the last polymath.
:35:59. > :36:01.He dies in 1859, that's really the last moment that one
:36:02. > :36:03.person can hold all the knowledge in their head.
:36:04. > :36:09.After that science is
:36:10. > :36:11.specialised so much, scientists crawl into their narrowing
:36:12. > :36:12.disciplines, and this kind of holistic view
:36:13. > :36:16.It's rather interesting because in the
:36:17. > :36:18.book you talk about Darwin and his relationship to Humboldt.
:36:19. > :36:20.You say Darwin was standing on Humboldt's
:36:21. > :36:26.Do we slightly overestimate Darwin's contribution
:36:27. > :36:32.Given that quite a lot of it was there in the
:36:33. > :36:33.work Humboldt had been doing, and others?
:36:34. > :36:41.mistakes we tend to do is create these geniuses, these kind of
:36:42. > :36:44.amazing figures in history, where actually they don't act out on their
:36:45. > :36:47.own, they are very much part of what's going on around them.
:36:48. > :36:49.They are not just coming up with
:36:50. > :36:57.What Humboldt is doing is, for example, inspiring
:36:58. > :36:58.Darwin to actually go to South America.
:36:59. > :37:01.So Darwin says he would have never boarded the Beagle
:37:02. > :37:08.If he'd not boarded the Beagle he would never have
:37:09. > :37:11.But he's also using Humboldt's books as
:37:12. > :37:14.an inspiration for his own writing, so they are very similar in style,
:37:15. > :37:16.because Humboldt combines poetic landscape descriptions with hard
:37:17. > :37:18.scientific data, very much like Darwin does
:37:19. > :37:29.But he also learns about, Humboldt writes about the
:37:30. > :37:34.But other scientists are also doing this.
:37:35. > :37:37.I think we need to see them in the context.
:37:38. > :37:40.The scientific community, the Royal Society has been
:37:41. > :37:41.worried about Brexit, complete change of subject
:37:42. > :37:45.Worried about Brexit implications for collaboration
:37:46. > :37:54.The government can sort out the funding
:37:55. > :37:57.and say we'll make sure you are funded, is that enough
:37:58. > :38:00.to satisfy the scientific community about some
:38:01. > :38:02.of the nerves there have been about Brexit?
:38:03. > :38:06.No, I think the funding, although important, is secondary to
:38:07. > :38:10.the freedom of movement of people, the freedom of movement of ideas.
:38:11. > :38:18.That's always been central to the scientific endeavour.
:38:19. > :38:21.I myself, for certain, it's
:38:22. > :38:23.At the last count there were
:38:24. > :38:26.something like 88 countries collaborating, it increases all the
:38:27. > :38:31.There is the European Southern Observatory which is the world's
:38:32. > :38:36.There are big international projects.
:38:37. > :38:43.And if it turns out that people can't move freely to
:38:44. > :38:52.study, move freely to cooperate, then I think that's more damaging.
:38:53. > :38:55.We've always dealt with short-term variations in funding.
:38:56. > :39:02.Funding goes up and down and we weather the storm.
:39:03. > :39:05.If we, as a country, cut ourselves off, if we make it
:39:06. > :39:07.more difficult to collaborate across national borders,
:39:08. > :39:13.then I think that is something more serious.
:39:14. > :39:15.The Brexiteers I'm sure will say that's
:39:16. > :39:28.Before we go, some breaking news while we have been on air, an aid
:39:29. > :39:32.convoy carrying emergency supplies of food and medicine has been
:39:33. > :39:36.attacked by air strike in Syria. The convoy was bound for rebel held
:39:37. > :39:40.areas of Aleppo. It's unclear who was responsible for the attacks but
:39:41. > :39:45.it is a clear sign that the tentative ceasefire signed a week
:39:46. > :39:50.ago, well, it appears to be over. At least 12 aid workers are believed to
:39:51. > :39:52.have been killed. We'll follow that up in tomorrow's programme. But that
:39:53. > :39:55.is it for tonight. We leave you with the work
:39:56. > :39:58.of inventor and artist John Edmark. His speciality is spinning
:39:59. > :40:02.round sculptures at a speed carefully synchronised with a strobe
:40:03. > :40:04.light in a design strictly dictated by fibanacci
:40:05. > :40:06.numbers, all in order to... # Round round get around
:40:07. > :40:19.# I get around # Get around round round
:40:20. > :40:24.# I get around # From town to town
:40:25. > :40:27.# I get around # I'm a real cool head
:40:28. > :40:29.# Get around round round
:40:30. > :40:31.# I get around # I'm makin' real good bread
:40:32. > :40:33.# Round round get around I get around
:40:34. > :40:36.# Get around round round I get around
:40:37. > :40:42.# Get around round round I get around