:00:09. > :00:13.Astride the River Tigris, a city of over two million,
:00:14. > :00:25.But now a war zone, the fight to drive ISIS out and to get
:00:26. > :00:28.This is perhaps the closest thing to a straight good-versus-evil
:00:29. > :00:36.battle that will occur anywhere this year, at least, outside of fiction.
:00:37. > :00:38.It's certainly worth understanding it, so we'll be
:00:39. > :00:39.examining the military, humanitarian and political
:00:40. > :00:44.Also tonight, this man was recently thought to be
:00:45. > :00:50.Today he said the party is in a "death spiral" and has
:00:51. > :00:54.This man still wants to be leader of the party -
:00:55. > :00:59.And find out what our technology editor David Grossman is breathing
:01:00. > :01:13.What I'm not separated from is the fumes. You can taste them. But what
:01:14. > :01:15.am I breathing in? This bike has been set with an air quality
:01:16. > :01:16.monitor. Will Brexit mean weaker
:01:17. > :01:22.air quality laws? The battle has been long-awaited:
:01:23. > :01:26.the so-called Islamic State has been in control of Mosul for over two
:01:27. > :01:30.years and is now defending it against an alliance of Iraqi army,
:01:31. > :01:34.Kurdish fighters, some controversial Shia militias and, of course,
:01:35. > :01:40.some US forces, too. This is not the battle
:01:41. > :01:43.to eradicate IS completely. It is a fight to drive the group
:01:44. > :01:46.into a humiliating But there are myriad
:01:47. > :01:52.challenges ahead. It sometimes motivates its fighters
:01:53. > :01:59.by executing the ones Then there is the humantarian
:02:00. > :02:02.challenge, 1.5 million There will, at some point
:02:03. > :02:10.after the battle, be a need Think of how difficult it has been
:02:11. > :02:14.between the republicans and unionists in Northern Ireland,
:02:15. > :02:18.and then ask how hard it will be We'll be looking at all these,
:02:19. > :02:23.but first, here's our diplomatic To the east of Mosul today
:02:24. > :02:34.the first easy victories. But signs also of the IS group's
:02:35. > :02:44.capacity to resist. A car speeds into a group of Kurdish
:02:45. > :02:47.armoured vehicles before IS may be losing, but it's
:02:48. > :02:54.still ready to defend Lots of the Isis leaders
:02:55. > :03:06.and many of the fighters will turn towards Raqqa and Syria
:03:07. > :03:08.as their last stronghold But I think it will be easier
:03:09. > :03:20.to defeat Isis then, because we have to bear in mind Isis
:03:21. > :03:23.is 95, if not more, percent, If they are pushed out of Iraq
:03:24. > :03:29.into Syria I think it The city is now surrounded,
:03:30. > :03:32.or almost so, a narrow corridor is being left open to the west
:03:33. > :03:35.to allow IS fighters Kurdish brigades are now pushing
:03:36. > :03:40.in from the east and north. Shia militias will advance
:03:41. > :03:45.from the south-west. Given the risk of sectarian
:03:46. > :03:48.conflict, these elements are meant Iraqi federal troops and loyal Sunni
:03:49. > :03:56.militia will then enter the city Why leave a corridor open and drop
:03:57. > :04:10.leaflets on the city for weeks before when that would seem
:04:11. > :04:12.to violate any idea of surprise, Well, the answer lies in concerns
:04:13. > :04:17.about the more than 1 million people And the feeling that if there is any
:04:18. > :04:26.sort of prolonged fighting in that urban space it could have
:04:27. > :04:31.dire humanitarian consequences. Mosul, you are talking
:04:32. > :04:37.about 1.5 million of population. Can you imagine if Daesh
:04:38. > :04:45.would take the risk? I'm sure they would do it,
:04:46. > :04:49.to push the civilians to leave the city then you have
:04:50. > :04:51.1 million refugees. It's going to be one
:04:52. > :04:59.of the worst catastrophes. The aim is to keep the different
:05:00. > :05:04.militias apart once the city's taken, because Mosul has long been
:05:05. > :05:07.a cockpit of rivalry between Sunni Isis as a force has more or less
:05:08. > :05:17.kept all the guns pointing In other words, pointing
:05:18. > :05:20.towards Isis themselves. After they are defeated militarily
:05:21. > :05:23.it's much more likely for us to see And we are not just talking
:05:24. > :05:37.about sectarian Shia-Sunni conflict, but Sunni-Sunni conflict,
:05:38. > :05:38.Shia-Shia conflict and And if losing Mosul would be
:05:39. > :05:42.a heavy blow for IS, it still has its Syrian
:05:43. > :05:44.stronghold of Raqqa. The prospect of an assault
:05:45. > :05:46.there is still distant. In Syria I think it's
:05:47. > :05:57.much more complicated. In Syria it took a dimension
:05:58. > :06:00.like Kafkaesque, a crisis, it has I don't know, when we compare it's
:06:01. > :06:07.much easier to see Iraq Ten years ago the Islamic State
:06:08. > :06:17.was proclaimed in And it was overwhelmed
:06:18. > :06:21.by a combination of force and splits The Islamic State in the form
:06:22. > :06:27.that it is now being fought involved many of the same people,
:06:28. > :06:33.tribes and places. And there's the warning
:06:34. > :06:35.from history. If there isn't a convincing
:06:36. > :06:38.political solution for those Sunni communities it's quite likely that
:06:39. > :06:40.another form of the same jihadist ideology will break out
:06:41. > :06:50.into the open again. The Mosul offensive can deal
:06:51. > :06:56.with the immediate problem of a Jihadist group holding a major
:06:57. > :07:09.Iraqi city, but what it do is soothe -- but what it cannot do is soothe
:07:10. > :07:12.the ruling sectarianism of that country and the sense of grievance
:07:13. > :07:14.felt by many Sunnis. Well, Mark has set out some
:07:15. > :07:17.of the difficulties - and we are going to take these step
:07:18. > :07:19.by step now. I'm joined by retired US
:07:20. > :07:22.Army Colonel Peter Mansoor, who was an executive officer
:07:23. > :07:24.to General David Petraeus in Iraq and is now a professor of military
:07:25. > :07:27.history at Ohio State University. Rachel Harvey, who is an emergency
:07:28. > :07:29.responder with British charity ShelterBox, who is joining us
:07:30. > :07:32.from Irbil in Iraq. Toby Dodge, an international
:07:33. > :07:34.relations expert from the LSE, is in the studio along
:07:35. > :07:36.with Renad Mansour, a fellow of Chatham House
:07:37. > :07:52.and Middle East expert. The evening. Let's start with the
:07:53. > :07:58.military. -- good evening. Peter, you are in military expert. How
:07:59. > :08:05.painful can IS make this military operation to get the city back? It
:08:06. > :08:08.is going to the slow grind. As General Steve Townsend, the
:08:09. > :08:14.commander of US forces in Iraq has said, the battle is going to take
:08:15. > :08:17.weeks maybe months to culminate. The Prime Minister of Iraq wants to
:08:18. > :08:23.finish it by the end of the year. The result is inevitable. The Iraqi
:08:24. > :08:29.forces with US air support will end up crashing Isis. But it'll be a
:08:30. > :08:37.hard fight for that to happen. The enemy has had more than two years to
:08:38. > :08:42.dig in to urban landscape. Exciting palls of oil to darken the skies.
:08:43. > :08:52.And make it harder for air strikes to target him. -- igniting pools of
:08:53. > :08:57.oil. He has lit roadside bombs. The Kurdish forces will meet a stiff
:08:58. > :09:01.resistance from an enemy that had a long time to prepare a battlefield
:09:02. > :09:07.all the way. Many have said that the outcome is not really in doubt. That
:09:08. > :09:10.assembly the numbers, is it, the numbers on the offensive to take the
:09:11. > :09:20.city of the outnumbering those in city defending? -- that assessment
:09:21. > :09:24.is the numbers. You may have upwards of 6000, 8000 Isis fighters in the
:09:25. > :09:31.city. Opposing them are tens of thousands of Iraqi troops, Kurdish,
:09:32. > :09:35.Shi'ite militias if they are needed. And they are backed up by US air
:09:36. > :09:45.power and coalition air power that can make any defensive position a
:09:46. > :09:49.shambles at the drop of a bomb. You will see a lot of firepower being
:09:50. > :09:56.used and artillery guided rockets, as well. This will be a one-sided
:09:57. > :10:01.fight. Does that raise the possibility that in rescuing the
:10:02. > :10:06.people of Mosul that a lot of them will be killed in the process? I
:10:07. > :10:11.think that inevitable, quite frankly. This is war. You cannot a
:10:12. > :10:18.bloodless combat. They've left open an avenue for escape for civilians.
:10:19. > :10:22.It is doubtful Isis will allow the civilians to flee. Isis wants a
:10:23. > :10:28.humanitarian catastrophe to use it as propaganda. This is going to be
:10:29. > :10:33.tough on the people of Mosul. But if you want to end the war against Isis
:10:34. > :10:40.you have to take the city. Thanks. Just on the timing. Months, not
:10:41. > :10:43.weeks, is this what we think of this military offensive? The analysis is
:10:44. > :10:47.completely correct. We are not even in the city yet. It is important to
:10:48. > :10:54.note. It'll take some time to move in, take the villages, especially
:10:55. > :10:58.because it is coalition forces, many of them don't agree or coordinate
:10:59. > :11:02.with each other. But they only have one enemy. They are looking to get
:11:03. > :11:07.rid of that one enemy, which is the so-called Islamic State. And they
:11:08. > :11:10.need to limit civilian casualties. Some generals we are speaking to
:11:11. > :11:15.have said it is a matter of interest, inch by inch, and block
:11:16. > :11:19.could take days to take over inside the city. They are conscious of the
:11:20. > :11:25.fact that it isn't just military, they need to make sure the civilian
:11:26. > :11:29.population is OK what happens. That brings us to the issue of the
:11:30. > :11:38.humanitarian crisis. Rachel Harvey, I wonder if I can talk to you about
:11:39. > :11:43.that. Set out, you are over in Irbil, just set out how ready you
:11:44. > :11:52.are, and what expectations there are of a humanitarian out poor from the
:11:53. > :11:59.people of Mosul. In a sense it has been a strange response falls. --
:12:00. > :12:03.strange response. We don't normally get this kind of forewarning of the
:12:04. > :12:07.humanitarian crisis. Normally we are reacting to an event after something
:12:08. > :12:10.has happened. That is a positive. But other than that everything is
:12:11. > :12:14.unknown. We don't know how many people are in the city at the
:12:15. > :12:18.moment. It is all estimates. We don't know how many of those people
:12:19. > :12:21.will be able to flee. We don't know when they will flee or in which
:12:22. > :12:28.direction they will flee. It is a challenging situation to know how to
:12:29. > :12:32.best respond. We've had months of planning. That has allowed
:12:33. > :12:41.organisations to pre-position aid in places as close to the areas where
:12:42. > :12:44.we think people will arrive. ShelterBox Is one of many
:12:45. > :12:48.organisations working together. It'll come down to communication to
:12:49. > :12:53.see our effective this response can be. We will have to be flexible. We
:12:54. > :12:55.will have to adapt to events as they unfold on the ground. The
:12:56. > :12:59.humanitarian response will be dictated by what happens militarily.
:13:00. > :13:11.As the military response on faults we will have to react to the impact
:13:12. > :13:17.of that. -- on faults -- unfolds. The people will probably escaped the
:13:18. > :13:21.Kurdish areas, won't they? That is our working assumption at the
:13:22. > :13:26.moment. But this is a region that has already taken in a number of
:13:27. > :13:31.people, both Syrian refugees and Iraqis already displaced by conflict
:13:32. > :13:34.over the past two years. This area would say it is already struggling
:13:35. > :13:39.to look after those people already here. And now it is going to be
:13:40. > :13:42.expected to take hundreds of thousands more people. There is a
:13:43. > :13:52.scarcity of land on which to build camps. There is a shortage of
:13:53. > :13:54.resources. And with the best well, with all of these uncertainties of
:13:55. > :13:57.war you can plan a military operation as tight as you possibly
:13:58. > :14:01.can but when it comes down to it military operations don't always go
:14:02. > :14:06.100% smoothly. The humanitarian community is trying to make sure we
:14:07. > :14:09.have aid in key places to cover an area wherever people are likely to
:14:10. > :14:14.come. They are going to need shelter, food, they may need health,
:14:15. > :14:18.they will certainly need some kind of protection. We are trying to get
:14:19. > :14:23.all of those things together in key places so we can respond to all
:14:24. > :14:27.their needs. These are likely to be highly traumatised people and
:14:28. > :14:31.exhausted people. The arranges inhospitable. Most of these people
:14:32. > :14:35.will have walked, having experienced the conflict which is getting
:14:36. > :14:41.underway and before that having lived under IS the two years. -- the
:14:42. > :14:46.terrain is inhospitable. They will be in a state before we get to them.
:14:47. > :14:47.What happens when the inevitable military victory, however long it
:14:48. > :15:00.takes, succeeds? That is the There's been a lot of planning and
:15:01. > :15:03.training for the military campaign. My own best research suggests there
:15:04. > :15:08.has been little or no thinking about the political aftermath. If we lock
:15:09. > :15:14.at the aftermath of the invasion of 2003, aftermath of the surge in
:15:15. > :15:18.2007, I think we see military capacity, military power being
:15:19. > :15:26.deployed to deliver political solutions. Daesh, the Islamic State,
:15:27. > :15:32.are violent, barbaric group is simply a cause of a series of
:15:33. > :15:36.political failings and no-one has quite worked out how to reform the
:15:37. > :15:40.Iraqi system to integrate those sections of the population that are
:15:41. > :15:46.alienated and stop the Islamic State recruiting again. The Prime Minister
:15:47. > :15:49.of Iraq, a man who was resident in the UK for quite a few years,
:15:50. > :15:57.Manchester university, everybody seems to say he is something a
:15:58. > :16:02.reconciler. Is he doing his best? Is he a baddie or a goody? He's doing
:16:03. > :16:08.his best. Clearly, if you look at the opinion poll ratings, especially
:16:09. > :16:17.after replacing al-Maliki, he was recognised or greeted with optimism.
:16:18. > :16:21.However, he's incredibly weak in a fractured and internally divided
:16:22. > :16:25.cabinet. He has little or no power. He doesn't control the Shia
:16:26. > :16:34.militias. He doesn't control the Peshmerga. The Ministry of Defence
:16:35. > :16:39.has been sacked over a vote of no confidence in the Parliament. Do you
:16:40. > :16:46.agree with what we've heard about the state of the political set
:16:47. > :16:50.newspaper Iraq? 100% agree. The biggest problem with Abadi is he is
:16:51. > :16:54.facing many forces. The biggest are within his own camp, including the
:16:55. > :17:08.former Prime Minister. He's still there. He's still looking for a
:17:09. > :17:12.chance to bring Abadi down. Don't talk about sectarianism, there's an
:17:13. > :17:20.internal Shia struggle that he is facing. This is what I heard in
:17:21. > :17:27.Mark's piece. I was not aware - we all know Sunni-Shia. It's the
:17:28. > :17:33.multiple dimensions. Post-2003 system is so ill legitimate, so
:17:34. > :17:39.broken that it's not only Sunnis, it's Shias. There's a mass protest
:17:40. > :17:42.movement from the summer of 2015 onwards de crying almost universal
:17:43. > :17:47.corruption amongst the governing elite asking in a once oil-rich
:17:48. > :17:51.country why they can't get electricity at the height of the
:17:52. > :17:54.summer. We have a completely dysfunctional system. No-one has
:17:55. > :17:58.come up with a plan to fix it. What would be your plan to fix it? What
:17:59. > :18:02.is the political settlement that you're waiting for that would be
:18:03. > :18:07.different to the period after the surge or original invasion, when it
:18:08. > :18:12.did basically retreat into the most awful situation very quickly? I
:18:13. > :18:16.think the period after the surge might offer a good example of
:18:17. > :18:21.bringing the disenfranchised populations back to the bargaining
:18:22. > :18:24.table. We need to sustain that. We have a military victory that we're
:18:25. > :18:28.looking for. No-one is talking about the political victory. We have
:18:29. > :18:32.plans, many different plans, but no plan. When you bring them back to
:18:33. > :18:38.the table, what is this that you're going to get them to agree on? Is it
:18:39. > :18:45.an autonomous region for the Sunnis so they're like the Kurds and it's a
:18:46. > :18:50.more federal system? Again, it's very complicated. They have
:18:51. > :18:56.different ideas of what they want. This is complicated. We need to give
:18:57. > :19:02.them autonomy, to build systems of local governance in local provinces
:19:03. > :19:09.so they can start to deal with their own affairs. This is what the former
:19:10. > :19:13.Prime Minister did. They need to get them to discuss because
:19:14. > :19:15.communication is the key to this. We've learned enough tonight,
:19:16. > :19:18.probably enough for one evening. Thank you all very much indeed.
:19:19. > :19:23.Stephen Woolfe, the man who was among the favourites to take
:19:24. > :19:25.the leadership until that altercation in Strasbourg,
:19:26. > :19:40.There are no hopes as far as I'm concerned.
:19:41. > :19:43.I will be withdrawing my application to become leader of Ukip.
:19:44. > :19:44.I'm actually withdrawing myself from Ukip.
:19:45. > :19:48.I just don't think that Ukip, in this bible it has got,
:19:49. > :19:55.where you have elected politicians fighting
:19:56. > :19:59.each other, where there is just this visceral
:20:00. > :20:02.hatred, in some cases toward Nigel or anyone
:20:03. > :20:04.that is seen to be associated with him.
:20:05. > :20:07.Some people call me his puppet for standing, and things like that.
:20:08. > :20:10.Whilst that's happening, not only are they letting down the members,
:20:11. > :20:11.but they are actually letting down themselves.
:20:12. > :20:14.And I don't think at this stage Ukip is governable.
:20:15. > :20:16.I'm joined now by Raheem Kassam, a Ukip leadership candidate
:20:17. > :20:19.and the editor in chief of Breitbart London.
:20:20. > :20:25.What's happened to Stephen and his ambition to be leader? I think he's
:20:26. > :20:28.been through a really tough time. He went through a gruelling leadership
:20:29. > :20:33.campaign the last time. The tactics got nasty. I don't think we should
:20:34. > :20:36.see that inside our own party. We are a family. It shouldn't come to
:20:37. > :20:40.those things. Stephen was particularly, more than anyone, on
:20:41. > :20:44.the receiving end of the bullying, quite frankly. The fight, was he
:20:45. > :20:49.going to be found guilty of partaking in a fight or starting it?
:20:50. > :20:54.Because some said he was the one who said "Come outside." He said he
:20:55. > :20:57.wasn't doing that meaning let's have a fight, but to take the argument
:20:58. > :21:01.outside. Is that part of the thing here, that he was going to be
:21:02. > :21:07.blocked from the leadership? Stephen wasn't innocent in that fracas. I
:21:08. > :21:11.think he will admit, at least privately, that he bears some cull
:21:12. > :21:16.pability for what happened there. I'm not going to prejudge. But from
:21:17. > :21:21.what I've heard there's equal cull pability. He's saying he was hit.
:21:22. > :21:26.We're not there, we await other investigations. The leadership
:21:27. > :21:31.situation now. Would you support Nigel Farage saying look, I'm going
:21:32. > :21:34.to stay on or I'm going to stand in this leadership election? He seems
:21:35. > :21:39.to be the only one who can hold the party together. He's told me he's
:21:40. > :21:45.not going to. You'd like it if he did, though? Other than it would
:21:46. > :21:49.slightly thwart your ambitions. I'm young, I'm all right. It's up to
:21:50. > :21:52.him. I think there's a lot of appetite in the party for Nigel
:21:53. > :21:55.Farage. I've already said if I become the leader, he will be the
:21:56. > :22:02.honorary president of the party. I think it needs to retain him in some
:22:03. > :22:06.way. Ukip is Nigel. Nigel is Ukip. Some post that keeps him on the
:22:07. > :22:13.side. The other candidate, because there was a determination about the
:22:14. > :22:16.rules. Suzanne Evans, a frequent guest on this programme. She can
:22:17. > :22:21.stand this time. She was blocked last time. Would you welcome her?
:22:22. > :22:25.Absolutely. I've always said throughout the last, crazy ten days
:22:26. > :22:29.that we should have an open contest. You could serve under her. If she
:22:30. > :22:34.won you'd be delighted to serve under her? We know the party is
:22:35. > :22:39.riven by splits and divisions and you're in a different division to
:22:40. > :22:43.her. Could you unite under Suzanne Evans? It's a tough question. I'm
:22:44. > :22:46.not sure she would take the party in the direction I would want it to go.
:22:47. > :22:51.I would commit to this: Not attacking her if she won the
:22:52. > :22:56.leadership. You might even leave the party if she became leader? No, I
:22:57. > :23:01.wouldn't. People need to stick with this. People want Brexit. They don't
:23:02. > :23:05.want a one party state. They want real opposition to the Tories.
:23:06. > :23:08.Labour's not delivering it. Who are you supporting in the American
:23:09. > :23:14.election? I would probably support Donald Trump. Patrick O'Flynn,
:23:15. > :23:19.himself a candidate in the general election, he tweeted the choice
:23:20. > :23:23.ahead for Ukip, in a way it encollapse late everything, is
:23:24. > :23:32.whether to be the patriotic party of the common sense centre of of UK
:23:33. > :23:36.politics or go Trump, ult-right. Doesn't that just encapsulate the
:23:37. > :23:45.split in your party, between the Trump ones... I replied. I said it's
:23:46. > :23:51.a silly, false dichotomy. You think Trump is a common sense patriot? No,
:23:52. > :23:56.everybody in Ukip. Don't you think people think Trump is completely off
:23:57. > :24:02.the scale who would say if you're a Trump person, I'm not for you. Trump
:24:03. > :24:06.divides the world. Look, we're in Central London right now. It's
:24:07. > :24:12.disgusting to support Donald Trump in Central London. I'm not taking a
:24:13. > :24:17.view on it. I'm explaining this - If you say Trump is an inspiration to
:24:18. > :24:22.you... Now you're putting words in my mouth. It's not so much that he's
:24:23. > :24:26.an inspiration to me but I think Hillary Clinton would be bad for
:24:27. > :24:31.America. That's all it comes down to - who is better. Do you think
:24:32. > :24:40.there's a sort of fight gene in Ukip supporters, I don't just mean in the
:24:41. > :24:45.boxing match, but all seem to just pick arguments. On Twitter tonight
:24:46. > :24:51.arguing with Al Murray. What is it about you guys and fighting. A
:24:52. > :24:56.already Murray -- Al Murray is funny, he gets the Jock lar element
:24:57. > :24:58.of it. There's a lot of tongue-in-cheek behind some of this
:24:59. > :25:03.stuff. It's not all animosity all the time. There's a lot of
:25:04. > :25:09.playfulness here. Honestly. You're looking at me exceptically. I mean
:25:10. > :25:13.that. But I also think it has come a point where it's too much because of
:25:14. > :25:19.the crisis in Ukip, it doesn't know what it stands for. I want to make
:25:20. > :25:21.the party great again. I will do it, 100,000 members if I'm leader. Thank
:25:22. > :25:24.you very much for coming on. ( If there is one organisation that
:25:25. > :25:26.has been competing with Ukip in the struggle to settle
:25:27. > :25:29.on a leader, it's the independent It just cannot break free
:25:30. > :25:33.of distracting headlines about itself and its personnel
:25:34. > :25:36.problems, rather than The chair, Alexis Jay,
:25:37. > :25:42.today tried to clarify the inquiry's But the legacy of the last chair,
:25:43. > :25:47.Lowell Goddard, lives on in the form of argument and recrimination,
:25:48. > :25:50.involving the Home Secretary, Amber Rudd, and her
:25:51. > :25:52.permanent secretary. What did they know
:25:53. > :25:54.about Lowell Goddard, Our political editor, Nick Watt,
:25:55. > :26:08.has been following the row. it is one of the most ambitious
:26:09. > :26:13.inquiries in British history, but it has been plagued by disputes at
:26:14. > :26:16.almost every stage. Today the three people who have the future of
:26:17. > :26:21.Britain's national child abuse inquiry in their hands moved to draw
:26:22. > :26:26.a line under this most troubled of investigations. But first, remember
:26:27. > :26:35.this... Order. Statement the Secretary of State for the home
:26:36. > :26:39.department. Secretary Theresa May. I would like to make a statement about
:26:40. > :26:44.the sexual abuse of children... Theresa May has enormous political
:26:45. > :26:48.capital invested in this inquiry, after she overcame some scepticism
:26:49. > :26:54.to set it up and then had to appoint three consecutive chairs after the
:26:55. > :26:59.first two stumbled. With questions raging about the resignation about
:27:00. > :27:06.her third chair, the Prime Minister is keen to focus on the main purpose
:27:07. > :27:08.of the inquiry. Dame Lowell Goddard resigned shortly after the Home
:27:09. > :27:14.Secretary and I talked about these issues. Let's remember, the point of
:27:15. > :27:18.the inquiry is that there are many people who have suffered from child
:27:19. > :27:22.abuse, who over the years, have felt that their voice was being ignored.
:27:23. > :27:28.Nobody was listening to them. They deserve justice. Until today, this
:27:29. > :27:33.was the Government's official explanation for the abrupt
:27:34. > :27:36.resignation of Goddard on August 4. Ultimately she found it too lonely.
:27:37. > :27:40.She was a long way from home. She decided to step down. That's all the
:27:41. > :27:47.information I have about why she decided to go. Last week, the Times
:27:48. > :27:52.reported that this man, Mark Sedwell, her most senior official
:27:53. > :27:56.was alerted six days earlier to criticism of her management skills
:27:57. > :28:01.and allegedly racist views. Today, the Home Secretary offered a fresh
:28:02. > :28:06.explanation. Dame Lowell had not spoke ton me about her reasons, so I
:28:07. > :28:11.relied on the letter she had sent to the committee. In her letter, she
:28:12. > :28:18.said she was lonely and felt that she could not deliver and that was
:28:19. > :28:21.why she stepped down. Dame Lowell strongly refutes the allegations
:28:22. > :28:31.about her. The only way we could understand properly why she resigned
:28:32. > :28:34.would be to hear from Dame Lowell. That original appearance before the
:28:35. > :28:38.Select Committee may still cause trouble for the Home Office.
:28:39. > :28:47.Newsnight understand that's there is unease amongst some MPs that Mark
:28:48. > :28:51.Sedewell sat in silence when Rudd made her statement last month. One
:28:52. > :28:55.observer said Sedwell, highly regarded by the Prime Minister,
:28:56. > :28:59.faces a decisive day when he appears before the committee tomorrow.
:29:00. > :29:04.As MPs debated the inquiry, along the river its new chair issued a
:29:05. > :29:09.rare public statement. This was short on specifics, but Professor
:29:10. > :29:16.Alexis Jay appeared to nod towards a scaling back of its work. If we were
:29:17. > :29:20.to pursue the traditional public hearing model that people associate
:29:21. > :29:24.with inquiries of this kind to the thousands and thousands of
:29:25. > :29:28.institutions in England and Wales, we would fail. There is no
:29:29. > :29:33.possibility that we can do that. However, we will apply it to some,
:29:34. > :29:35.that will not be the main ways in which we will take this inquiry
:29:36. > :29:44.forward. The Prime Minister, the Home
:29:45. > :29:48.Secretary and a new enquiry chair will be hoping some answers into a
:29:49. > :29:52.dark past may be provided by the end of the decade. But for now questions
:29:53. > :29:54.will continue to hang over this enquiry.
:29:55. > :29:57.As you heard, tomorrow the Home Secretary and her permanent
:29:58. > :29:59.secretary will appear before the Commons Home Affairs
:30:00. > :30:02.One of its members and a candidate for the chairmanship,
:30:03. > :30:14.Good evening. Do you think Amber Rudd unreasonably misled the
:30:15. > :30:21.committee when she met before and said, you know, Dame Lowell Goddard
:30:22. > :30:30.art resigned because she was isolated and wanted to go home? When
:30:31. > :30:34.the Home Secretary gave evidence to us on the committee she was
:30:35. > :30:38.referring to the reasons that were given to her by Dame Lowell Goddard
:30:39. > :30:46.art as to why she left. Whether at that point there was more, we don't
:30:47. > :30:55.know. There might have been legal reasons to speculate why she had
:30:56. > :30:59.gone. But Dame Goddard has gone now. There are a number of issues that go
:31:00. > :31:03.beyond the head of enquiry. One is the extent to which the controlling
:31:04. > :31:07.mind of the enquiry is impacted or influenced by the Home Office.
:31:08. > :31:12.Before 1971 the Home Office had a role in inspecting and approving the
:31:13. > :31:15.heads of children's homes were a lot of these awful things happened. If
:31:16. > :31:23.you have an enquiry that is dominated by Home Office personnel
:31:24. > :31:28.that's possible. I dated anybody has an issue with Herrerin abilities.
:31:29. > :31:33.She was in the social work profession for over three decades.
:31:34. > :31:38.-- with her abilities. We shouldn't sweep that under the carpet. That
:31:39. > :31:46.needs to be dealt with. Are you suggesting maybe it needs another
:31:47. > :31:54.chair? Alexis J isn't the right chair? I'm not saying that. --
:31:55. > :31:59.Alexis Jay. Some survivors will not trust a social worker. The question.
:32:00. > :32:06.I'm not raising that. The survivors are. -- that is a good question.
:32:07. > :32:09.They have got to be the primary concern. If they say that is an
:32:10. > :32:14.issue for then you have to deal with it, you cannot pretend it away. Some
:32:15. > :32:17.hope we can just get on with this, we cannot keep changing the head.
:32:18. > :32:26.Absolutely. I think people chair that view. The professor will be
:32:27. > :32:31.appearing tomorrow in front of the committee. She wants this to be done
:32:32. > :32:37.by 2020. One of the controversy is coming out the Department of Dame
:32:38. > :32:41.Goddard is that you should forget about the past and focus on the
:32:42. > :32:44.future. I would say that would be wholly unacceptable to my
:32:45. > :32:47.constituents. What happened to them may have been in the past but they
:32:48. > :32:54.live with it every day and will continue to do so in the future. One
:32:55. > :33:00.of the things Dame Goddard suggested was that there was under sourcing of
:33:01. > :33:19.the enquiry. But they refounded the Home Office. This is why it would be
:33:20. > :33:29.good to have judge Goddard B there. -- Goddard be there. Were they
:33:30. > :33:33.sitting on this? I don't know. That will be a line of enquiry. Thanks
:33:34. > :33:34.very much. At one point, we were
:33:35. > :33:36.expecting a decision It's probably next week now,
:33:37. > :33:41.but hey, we've been waiting 48 years so another few days is neither
:33:42. > :33:43.here nor there. But Nick Watt is back with me
:33:44. > :33:47.with news on how the Government might push Heathrow,
:33:48. > :33:56.if it is selected as the favoured What are they thinking? The Cabinet
:33:57. > :34:01.will discuss tomorrow whether or where to build a new runway in the
:34:02. > :34:04.south-east. We know that the Cabinet subcommittee will meet next week,
:34:05. > :34:09.will make a decision, announced it next week. The government is
:34:10. > :34:13.planning to hold a Commons vote within a week of that announcement.
:34:14. > :34:20.They are obliged to hold a formal vote. It is a national strategy
:34:21. > :34:23.policy statement. Within a few months. But they want to go much
:34:24. > :34:28.earlier to stop opponents building up steam. If they were to go to
:34:29. > :34:31.Heathrow, Zac Goldsmith could have his by-election but they would hope
:34:32. > :34:35.they would have the numbers in parliament to have parliament
:34:36. > :34:39.approve it by then. There is speculation they might overheat and
:34:40. > :34:44.Gatwick. I am told they will go for one of the three options. -- there
:34:45. > :34:52.is speculation they might have one at Heathrow and Gatwick. Tell us
:34:53. > :34:55.which one. You must know. If you are going to one option, it looks like
:34:56. > :34:59.you are following the airports commission. If you are following
:35:00. > :35:03.Howard Davies you are going for a third runway at Heathrow. But
:35:04. > :35:06.ministers are saying no decision has been made yet. The Prime Minister
:35:07. > :35:11.wants to hear from the Cabinet. They will follow the information. Those
:35:12. > :35:14.members on the subcommittee have a pile of papers, they need to do
:35:15. > :35:16.their homework, then they will publish it.
:35:17. > :35:19.Well, airports and aeroplanes are often seen as one of the main
:35:20. > :35:22.culprits of toxic emissions by those who seek to improve
:35:23. > :35:26.But those of us who bought diesel cars, thinking that would help,
:35:27. > :35:31.have known for a while now that we are actually poisoning our fellow
:35:32. > :35:33.citizens with toxic emissions that are far worse than we'd
:35:34. > :35:51.down or use Brexit as a chance to dump the EU-mandated levels
:35:52. > :35:54.Our technology editor, David Grossman, has been looking
:35:55. > :35:59.at the UK's commitment - or lack thereof - to cleaner air.
:36:00. > :36:07.The cycle path up the side of the A3 is not the prettiest
:36:08. > :36:09.but it is pretty fast, and at least I am separated
:36:10. > :36:18.What I'm not separated from, of course, are the fumes.
:36:19. > :36:26.This bike has been fitted with an air quality monitor.
:36:27. > :36:29.The main thing it's measuring is nitrogen dioxide.
:36:30. > :36:34.What that does to the human body can be pretty nasty.
:36:35. > :36:36.In simple terms that's going to increase your susceptibility
:36:37. > :36:43.It's going to increase your risk of having, say,
:36:44. > :36:46.It's going to make you more susceptible
:36:47. > :36:55.If you've got asthma or sensitive lungs it might make you more prone
:36:56. > :37:01.A strict EU limit came into force in 2010.
:37:02. > :37:04.An annual mean of 40 micrograms per cubic metre of air.
:37:05. > :37:06.However, the government won't enforce it until 2024
:37:07. > :37:11.for the UK as a whole, and even later, 2025, for London.
:37:12. > :37:17.Frankly it's enough to make you want to hold your breath
:37:18. > :37:28.And here is the 40 micrograms annual mean limit.
:37:29. > :37:31.My journey up the A3 was swimming in nitrogen dioxide.
:37:32. > :37:33.But the biggest spike of the day was appropriately enough
:37:34. > :37:37.Tomorrow the environmental lawyers Client Earth are continuing their
:37:38. > :37:47.We need to go back to court now with the government because this
:37:48. > :37:50.government in the 35 years that I've been doing environmental work
:37:51. > :37:53.is the most reluctant to follow the law when it comes to important
:37:54. > :37:56.We have 40,000 people a year dying early in the UK
:37:57. > :38:01.And the government has done in its heels and said we're just not
:38:02. > :38:04.going to comply anywhere near the time we are supposed to.
:38:05. > :38:06.They were supposed to comply in 2010.
:38:07. > :38:08.They are now saying in London it will be 2025.
:38:09. > :38:16.But their own plan shows it won't be anywhere near 2025.
:38:17. > :38:22.So why has the UK struggled to meet air quality laws that were supposed
:38:23. > :38:26.Up until May Stephen Heidari-Robinson was David Cameron's
:38:27. > :38:28.adviser on energy and the environment.
:38:29. > :38:31.He says one reason is we do too much computer modelling and not
:38:32. > :38:38.As you've done today, going around and actually measuring
:38:39. > :38:42.things, it's probably the right way forward.
:38:43. > :38:45.I think the second is you sort of look at these numbers
:38:46. > :38:48.and you struggle to see why they are not going down.
:38:49. > :38:51.And that's a large proportion of what happened with the VW scandal.
:38:52. > :38:54.It turns out that actually emissions from diesel vehicles are six times
:38:55. > :39:00.This problem is largely about diesel vehicles.
:39:01. > :39:03.Really we need to address that issue if we want to solve
:39:04. > :39:12.But given the scale of solving that problem, and meeting
:39:13. > :39:15.those EU legal limits, there is some concern
:39:16. > :39:18.that the government might try to use Brexit to abandon them or perhaps
:39:19. > :39:21.Last month the Commons environment audit select committee couldn't get
:39:22. > :39:26.Are you giving a commitment that standards will be higher,
:39:27. > :39:28.or at least at the level of the European standards?
:39:29. > :39:33.I'm saying to you what I've said to you previously,
:39:34. > :39:39.that we want better air quality we have today.
:39:40. > :39:42.-- that we want better air quality than we have today.
:39:43. > :39:45.And that's what we'll be working, to that outcome.
:39:46. > :39:47.Today we have enforceable legal standards.
:39:48. > :39:50.I'm just wondering if you were going to keep them, that's all,
:39:51. > :40:06.Will the government which is so reluctant to comply
:40:07. > :40:09.with the law try to move away in the Brexit process?
:40:10. > :40:16.And so will thousands of our citizens.
:40:17. > :40:20.It would actually give us the best standards in the world.
:40:21. > :40:24.In the meantime air pollution continues to damage thousands
:40:25. > :40:43.As for me I think I'll take the long route through the park from now on.
:40:44. > :41:00.in The Times on a story that David Cameron wasted ?1 billion on the
:41:01. > :41:04.Troubled Families Programme. They suppressed the report. They wasted
:41:05. > :41:08.money on that particular scheme. That's almost it for tonight,
:41:09. > :41:11.but if you're not fortunate enough to have a baby boomer index linked
:41:12. > :41:13.final salary pension, you probably didn't attend
:41:14. > :41:15.the Desert Trip concert in California this weekend,
:41:16. > :41:17.unkindly dubbed Oldstock The average age of the
:41:18. > :41:20.headline acts was 72, The cheapest seat was $199,
:41:21. > :41:27.the most expensive $3,000. Anyway, for everyone else,
:41:28. > :41:46.here it is in 40 seconds. # People try to put us down
:41:47. > :41:55.# Talking about my generation #. # Been around for many a long year
:41:56. > :42:03.#. # I hope I die before I get old #.
:42:04. > :42:08.# All we are saying... #. # We are just two young souls
:42:09. > :42:13.swimming in a fishbowl # Year after year #.
:42:14. > :42:18.If you have managed to avoid the showers over the past few days it
:42:19. > :42:23.has felt good in the sunshine. A chillier feel thanks to a cold front
:42:24. > :42:27.which will sweep down the country in the next few hours. Away from that,
:42:28. > :42:33.sunshine, but some showers tomorrow in northern parts of the UK,
:42:34. > :42:34.Northern Ireland, and Scotland. Temperature is