:00:09. > :00:08.Gabby Logan will be back next week, Big Apple.
:00:09. > :00:35.She has been bruised, emotionally Wednesday at
:00:36. > :00:38.She has been bruised, emotionally battered anti-militated by a raft of
:00:39. > :00:44.enemies, and sometimes even by her husband. All that scar tissue
:00:45. > :00:50.renders her stiff, sometimes embarrassingly awkward. And we will
:00:51. > :00:54.also be talking to the editor of the new York Times.
:00:55. > :00:59.Also tonight: Online blackmail, webcams and shame in the Arab world.
:01:00. > :01:11.Vision and sound are on. The station goes on the air.
:01:12. > :01:13.It's exactly 80 years since TV started in Britain.
:01:14. > :01:20.John Logie Baird's assistant at the time - yes,
:01:21. > :01:27.this is really him - tells us about the early days of TV.
:01:28. > :01:33.The year of Donald Trump dominating our headlines,
:01:34. > :01:35.breaking the rules and conventions of democratic politics
:01:36. > :01:38.with everything including the ludicrous and the lascivious,
:01:39. > :01:41.and a year of him surprising us by how far he has got, will be over.
:01:42. > :01:45.He will either be President of the US - in which case,
:01:46. > :01:48.we'll have a lot to talk about - or Hillary Clinton will be President
:01:49. > :01:50.and Donald Trump will revert to being a TV star.
:01:51. > :01:53.Right now, the smart money is on Hillary, so let's spend a bit
:01:54. > :02:01.of time on her personality and politics, and her chances.
:02:02. > :02:04.Hillary has perhaps been getting less than the usual scrutiny, what,
:02:05. > :02:09.But here's some interesting testimony about her
:02:10. > :02:14.I think that she's a little bit misunderstood.
:02:15. > :02:16.You know, Hillary's a very smart woman, very tough woman -
:02:17. > :02:22.that's fine - but she's also a very nice person.
:02:23. > :02:25.With an endorsement like that, her performance in the debates
:02:26. > :02:27.and all the other stuff, is there any way that
:02:28. > :02:37.The answer is yes, but it's pretty unlikely.
:02:38. > :02:47.The latest polling average puts her about six points ahead of Mr Trump.
:02:48. > :02:48.The uncannily accurate FiveThreeEight political blog,
:02:49. > :02:51.which analyses all polls state-by-state, says she has an 85%
:02:52. > :02:57.In fact, one might think of there being three possible outcomes.
:02:58. > :03:03.A Clinton landslide - leading the popular vote by more
:03:04. > :03:05.than 10%, a narrower Clinton win, or a Trump victory either
:03:06. > :03:08.in the popular vote or at least in the electoral college.
:03:09. > :03:11.Have a look at the chances put on each of these.
:03:12. > :03:13.The landslide, at 19%, has a bigger chance than any kind
:03:14. > :03:23.A more modest Clinton victory remains the most likely outcome.
:03:24. > :03:25.There are potential reasons that Mrs Clinton may not clinch it
:03:26. > :03:29.Is there more to come out e-mails hacked from her
:03:30. > :03:34.Also, there are more than the usual undecided voters this year.
:03:35. > :03:48.But there's no reason to think they will go to Trump.
:03:49. > :03:51.But the real question mark over a Hillary victory there
:03:52. > :03:52.is raised by the Brexit factor here.
:03:53. > :03:57.Believe me, this is Brexit times five.
:03:58. > :04:03.Maybe Trump can prove the polls and experts wrong.
:04:04. > :04:06.Now, the truth is, UK polls are often wrong, but we should
:04:07. > :04:10.never have been that surprised by a Brexit win.
:04:11. > :04:15.Two weeks before referendum day, two polls put Brexit ahead, one by 10%.
:04:16. > :04:18.Donald Trump may have the backing of one famous Brexiteer,
:04:19. > :04:25.but Hillary can probably take heart from the Brexit polling story.
:04:26. > :04:32.She's in a stronger position than Remain was, or Donald Trump is.
:04:33. > :04:34.Ariel Edwards-Levy, Director of Polling at the Huffington Post,
:04:35. > :04:37.commissions three polls a week in conjunction with YouGov
:04:38. > :04:40.and analyses the results for their readers.
:04:41. > :04:51.Good evening. What chance are you putting on a Hillary win at the
:04:52. > :04:56.moment? We have her in the high 90% chance of winning. There are a
:04:57. > :05:01.couple of forecasts, and the worst has her in the high 80s. The
:05:02. > :05:05.forecasts are confident that the polls are right. There is pretty
:05:06. > :05:08.much a consensus right now that the polls have her head, and if
:05:09. > :05:11.something doesn't go catastrophically wrong with the
:05:12. > :05:15.polls, or she doesn't do something catastrophic with her campaign in
:05:16. > :05:20.the next two weeks, she will win. Any time we have an election, we
:05:21. > :05:25.hear about shy Tories, people who don't admit to being on a particular
:05:26. > :05:28.side. What makes you so sure that there are not shied Trump
:05:29. > :05:33.supporters? People who think it is socially unhelpful to admit to
:05:34. > :05:38.supporting him and want tell a pollster? Aside from the fact that
:05:39. > :05:41.saying you have many supporters who are too embarrassed to support you
:05:42. > :05:45.not really being a winning message, one of the great things about modern
:05:46. > :05:49.polling technology is we have a way of testing this, because there are
:05:50. > :05:53.two kinds of polls, online polls where you don't have to admit to
:05:54. > :05:57.anyone who you are supporting, and the kind where somebody calls you
:05:58. > :06:02.up. And what we have seen is that all Trump's level of support in both
:06:03. > :06:07.of those polls is identical, so you have this mode effect, where polls
:06:08. > :06:11.online for Brexit were getting a different response, and you are not
:06:12. > :06:15.seeing any of those warning signs here right now. Is the Brexit result
:06:16. > :06:21.here and the fact that it seemed to take a lot of people by surprise, it
:06:22. > :06:24.probably shouldn't have quite so much, but is that to some extent
:06:25. > :06:30.haunting the American elections here? I think the parallel for
:06:31. > :06:33.Brexit is maybe not one that Donald Trump supporters should embrace,
:06:34. > :06:39.because there is a parallel, and it is that if you look at the polls and
:06:40. > :06:42.dismiss them, and you prefer to stay with the narrative that is not
:06:43. > :06:46.supported by those numbers, you are going to be surprise when the
:06:47. > :06:49.results end up looking a lot like those numbers are not what you were
:06:50. > :06:55.telling yourself in the run-up to the election. What would it take to
:06:56. > :06:58.stop Hillary Clinton now? You are putting 90 something percent chance
:06:59. > :07:04.of her winning. There is still news to occur. Maybe an e-mail or
:07:05. > :07:08.something to come out. What would you say is the most likely scenario
:07:09. > :07:12.that could see Donald Trump get it on the day? In order for him to win,
:07:13. > :07:16.he would have to regain his footing in all of the red states that have
:07:17. > :07:20.started looking close, states like Arizona that you wouldn't ever
:07:21. > :07:25.expect to go democratic but have trended that way. There are a couple
:07:26. > :07:28.of state polls that have indicated he might be close to hanging on
:07:29. > :07:36.there. He would have to win over states like Nevada, Florida, Ohio,
:07:37. > :07:42.and he would have to win over states like Pennsylvania that he has never
:07:43. > :07:47.had popularity in before. It could be that all of the polls have
:07:48. > :07:56.somehow missed something terribly, terribly wrong. The other thing
:07:57. > :07:58.could be that something in the next two weeks to stories Hillary's
:07:59. > :08:07.support. But it is difficult to think what that would be, but never
:08:08. > :08:10.say never until the votes are cast. What do the polls tell us is the
:08:11. > :08:15.reason for Hillary Clinton having such a negative perception? Many
:08:16. > :08:20.people say they will vote for her, but there is still a strong negative
:08:21. > :08:25.perception of her? Yes, there is, and if you look back a couple of
:08:26. > :08:29.years, when she was Secretary of State, she was one of the most
:08:30. > :08:32.popular politicians in the United States, and then she started running
:08:33. > :08:35.again and people remembered everything they didn't like about
:08:36. > :08:44.her, so it is a combination of two things. One is partisanship.
:08:45. > :08:48.Republicans are not going to like the Democratic nominee, pretty much
:08:49. > :08:54.no matter who they are. And she has gotten this persona of being not
:08:55. > :08:58.trustworthy, of being power hungry, and the e-mails, no matter what role
:08:59. > :09:02.they play in the campaign, which may not be a significant one, they have
:09:03. > :09:06.tired her opinion among many rank-and-file Americans who don't
:09:07. > :09:09.see her as an entirely upstanding figure. Thank you very much indeed.
:09:10. > :09:11.So what is the appeal of Hillary Clinton?
:09:12. > :09:13.We asked a long-time associate of the Clintons and the writer
:09:14. > :09:15.of the novel Primary Colors, which fictionalised
:09:16. > :09:18.President Bill Clinton's first campaign in 1992,
:09:19. > :09:20.the political columnist for Time Magazine Joe Klein
:09:21. > :09:26.to explain why she has his backing for the White House.
:09:27. > :09:30.I wanna be the president for every American.
:09:31. > :09:36.Who says I don't have the stamina to be President?
:09:37. > :09:39.Who or what is Hillary Clinton aside from probably the next president
:09:40. > :09:45.She isn't really a regulation human being, not any more.
:09:46. > :09:48.Her life has been ridiculously public for the 30 years
:09:49. > :09:53.She's been bruised, emotionally battered and humiliated by a raft
:09:54. > :09:58.of enemies and sometimes even by her husband.
:09:59. > :10:04.As a result, she is cloaked in a thick crust of celebrity armour.
:10:05. > :10:08.She protects herself with scar tissue from 10,000 cuts.
:10:09. > :10:11.I suppose I could have stayed home and baked cookies,
:10:12. > :10:14.Her first instinct in public, therefore, is to play defence,
:10:15. > :10:22.I am not sitting here as some little woman standing by my man
:10:23. > :10:25.All that scar tissue renders her stiff,
:10:26. > :10:29.She seems secretive, shifty, the least known
:10:30. > :10:35.My personal e-mails are my personal business, right?
:10:36. > :10:37.The natural assumption is that she must be
:10:38. > :10:46.If you asked her out for a beer, would she order
:10:47. > :11:06.There have been so many scandals around nothing very scandalous.
:11:07. > :11:08.In the 1990s, there was a seven-year Whitewater investigation
:11:09. > :11:13.into her family's personal finances, which found nothing illegal.
:11:14. > :11:16.There have been seven separate investigations into her behaviour
:11:17. > :11:18.as Secretary of State during the Benghazi attack
:11:19. > :11:28.Again, her behaviour was found perfectly proper.
:11:29. > :11:30.And now there's the investigation into the personal e-mail
:11:31. > :11:34.server that she used while she was Secretary of State
:11:35. > :11:36.which found that she did behave carelessly in handling some
:11:37. > :11:50.classified information, but she had done nothing illegal.
:11:51. > :11:58.But she is hated, she is reviled, she is considered untrustworthy,
:11:59. > :12:03.she is considered J Lovell by some people.
:12:04. > :12:05.she is considered jailable by some people.
:12:06. > :12:09.In fact Barack Obama once said to her, famously,
:12:10. > :12:10.you are likeable enough, Hillary.
:12:11. > :12:13.Her vote to support the war in Iraq was dreadful,
:12:14. > :12:16.and I think was a political vote, a vote to prove her toughness.
:12:17. > :12:18.Too often, her votes are too political.
:12:19. > :12:20.She may be too close to Wall Street, but it's
:12:21. > :12:23.important to remember that
:12:24. > :12:25.most of the accusations against her involve her private
:12:26. > :12:30.They don't involve violations of the public trust.
:12:31. > :12:34.For too long, our leaders have viewed politics is the art
:12:35. > :12:36.of the possible, and the challenge now is to practice politics
:12:37. > :12:43.as the art of making what appears to be impossible possible.
:12:44. > :12:45.The truth is, Clinton is a solid public servant.
:12:46. > :12:53.She's the girl, the young woman who sat in front of class
:12:54. > :12:59.She is the sober designated driver driving her mates home after a night
:13:00. > :13:11.When we'd see each other back in the 1990s when she was First
:13:12. > :13:13.Lady, her first question to me always was, what
:13:14. > :13:17.Have you seen any exciting social programmes or schools
:13:18. > :13:27.After 9/11, which happened right here, the question changed.
:13:28. > :13:30.She joined the Senate armed services committee.
:13:31. > :13:36.I was learning the military, too, and the new question now was,
:13:37. > :13:45.In 2007, I spent time embedded in Iraq with General David Petraeus.
:13:46. > :13:48.I asked him is there any potential president of the Democratic party
:13:49. > :13:55.And he said, you mean aside from Hillary?
:13:56. > :14:01.And I guess we have to say this, given
:14:02. > :14:10.We are at a very perilous moment in American politics,
:14:11. > :14:14.just as you are in Britain, and that is so un-American.
:14:15. > :14:16.We are supposed to be a pillar of stability.
:14:17. > :14:21.Clean elections, two parties, civility.
:14:22. > :14:25.But the Republicans are in the midst of an unprecedented bloody
:14:26. > :14:28.civil war, and both sides will try to prove their toughness
:14:29. > :14:31.by stomping all over President Hillary Clinton.
:14:32. > :14:34.The Democrats will be impatient, too.
:14:35. > :14:36.Bernie Sanders and his young supporters will be just
:14:37. > :14:51.Leading America in the world would be a hard enough job for anyone,
:14:52. > :14:54.and harder still for an awkward, defensive woman who will always be
:14:55. > :14:56.compared unfavourably to her husband and Barack Obama,
:14:57. > :14:58.even though she is bound to follow their policies
:14:59. > :15:03.The next four years will be far more difficult than her
:15:04. > :15:12.But one thing I know about Hillary Clinton.
:15:13. > :15:27.I am not Hillary Clinton but I think she would approve of that message,
:15:28. > :15:30.that is from Joe Klein. Dean Baquet is the Executive Editor
:15:31. > :15:39.of the New York Times. The paper has endorsed Hillary
:15:40. > :15:44.Clinton. The editorial page. Is that because she's a stronger candidate
:15:45. > :15:49.or not Donald Trump? No, I run the news pages and not the editorial
:15:50. > :15:55.pages and I think the argument was she is a strong candidate. There was
:15:56. > :15:59.a very powerful anti-Donald Trump part of it. But the New York Times
:16:00. > :16:04.has endorsed Hillary Clinton in the past, she was the US senator for New
:16:05. > :16:08.York, so it was a pro Hillary Clinton endorsement. In a strange
:16:09. > :16:11.way, this election has been challenging and testing for
:16:12. > :16:15.everybody and for her, but has she come through it and tested on issues
:16:16. > :16:21.like policy? There has not been much chance to have that debate. I think
:16:22. > :16:25.that is true. One of the biggest downside of this sometimes, campaign
:16:26. > :16:31.we have had with Donald Trump as sort of a, book figure is that not
:16:32. > :16:36.only have we tried to write about policy, but the debates have not
:16:37. > :16:40.focused so much on policy and I think people have not got to test
:16:41. > :16:44.them on everything from what would they do about Syria, on health care
:16:45. > :16:48.in the United States? There has been so much, relief that we have not
:16:49. > :16:52.heard enough about. What does Hillary stand for? I am hard pressed
:16:53. > :16:59.to answer and we have barely spoken about her! If you look at, I have
:17:00. > :17:02.covered the Clintons a bit as a reporter, and she is a moderate
:17:03. > :17:07.Democrat, she is strong on national defence, she may even be stronger on
:17:08. > :17:14.national defence than Barack Obama and more likely to intervene broad
:17:15. > :17:19.than Barack Obama -- abroad. She did vote to intervene in Iraq. She is
:17:20. > :17:23.moderate on social issues, she is a moderate Democrat who by the way is
:17:24. > :17:28.going to have the struggle to hold onto that because she defeated an
:17:29. > :17:33.extraordinary Liberal opponent. As Jo pointed out and he's right, the
:17:34. > :17:37.supporters of Bernie Sanders will not be happy if Hillary Clinton
:17:38. > :17:42.introduces your standard American Cabinet middle-aged guys who work
:17:43. > :17:46.for think tanks in Washington. A lot of people think she is corrupt and
:17:47. > :17:51.she takes money for this and that. The e-mail scandal has had an
:17:52. > :17:56.enormous amounts to play and she has apologised and she has been taken to
:17:57. > :18:00.task on that. The one that perhaps is more questionable is the
:18:01. > :18:03.foundation. She is Secretary of State and running for President and
:18:04. > :18:08.running around the foreign leaders and taking their money for her
:18:09. > :18:15.charity, not for her own benefit, is that a bit weird? I think the e-mail
:18:16. > :18:19.scandal was more indicative of the questions people have about Hillary
:18:20. > :18:24.Clinton. I don't think she did anything corrupt or illegal, but she
:18:25. > :18:28.is a very secretive person and the Clintons in the White house were
:18:29. > :18:32.very secretive and suspicious of those around them. I think that was
:18:33. > :18:36.part of the calculation when she wanted her own e-mail server. I
:18:37. > :18:41.don't think much has been proven about the Clinton Foundation, unlike
:18:42. > :18:44.Donald Trump's, it is a large gift-giving foundation. I do think
:18:45. > :18:49.there is evidence she used her position to help raise money for the
:18:50. > :18:54.foundation but in a weird way, the e-mail scandal is worth chewing over
:18:55. > :18:58.four people, it is not one... Have you been soft on her at the New York
:18:59. > :19:02.Times because she is against Donald Trump? No, we broke the e-mail
:19:03. > :19:06.scandal. And we were roundly criticised by her and her people. We
:19:07. > :19:10.have written very provocative stories about the relationship she
:19:11. > :19:14.played years ago when Bill Clinton had to deal with the allegations
:19:15. > :19:19.about women when he was running for office. If she was running against a
:19:20. > :19:23.normal candidate, people would think we were extraordinarily tough on
:19:24. > :19:29.her. In fact, she thinks we are. Let's talk about how this election
:19:30. > :19:35.has shaped coverage. The New York Times tries to be relatively
:19:36. > :19:40.impartial in its news pages. Trump has challenged that. We have never
:19:41. > :19:43.seen anybody like him. I mean, we did something extraordinary a couple
:19:44. > :19:49.of months ago and we accused him of telling a lie in a headline and used
:19:50. > :19:56.the word, live. And I decided to do it because I found that he is so
:19:57. > :20:00.persistently lying. He so persistently and overtly lied.
:20:01. > :20:07.Politicians lie, they exaggerate, they say things that will be later
:20:08. > :20:11.disproven, but Trump was doing this extraordinary thing and the turning
:20:12. > :20:14.point was the allegation that Barack Obama was not born in the United
:20:15. > :20:18.States. He literally lied and said he had never made a big deal of it
:20:19. > :20:22.and he also said he hired a private detective. I thought that was beyond
:20:23. > :20:27.the pale and we owed it to our leaders to not obfuscate and said
:20:28. > :20:32.that was not a lie. You have done it for Trump, he told a lie and you
:20:33. > :20:37.called it out in a headline and used the word lie, very unlike the New
:20:38. > :20:41.York Times. Let's suppose a candidate like Hillary tells a verb,
:20:42. > :20:44.do you go back to the normal treatment of that which is you
:20:45. > :20:52.probably question it in the article and say no evidence was offered, how
:20:53. > :20:56.ever you put it, or do you say, it is a lie? I think Trump did
:20:57. > :21:00.something different and I think we have changed and we will do it for
:21:01. > :21:05.future politicians. His was not a fib. He said vocally one thing
:21:06. > :21:10.Monday and something else different Tuesday and it was a lie he
:21:11. > :21:13.stretched over time. I think to be Frankie change does. I think it took
:21:14. > :21:18.us a little bit of time to call him out. And I think the next time it
:21:19. > :21:22.happens, we will do it more quickly and I think we are different as a
:21:23. > :21:27.result of Donald Trump. Not sure what that looks like five years from
:21:28. > :21:34.now. You will say, we are only doing it for clear lies. Then there will
:21:35. > :21:37.be people who say, this is a clear lie and you have to make a judgment,
:21:38. > :21:43.do we call this out as they clear lie or a fib which we do not? When
:21:44. > :21:45.we use the word lie in a headline, I have a standards editor who reports
:21:46. > :21:50.to me and he called me the next day and said, I agree with that, that
:21:51. > :21:57.was great, I hope you are not going to do it everyday! U2 FactCheck
:21:58. > :22:05.Donald Trump, well, everybody. Which -- we do FactCheck them both. To
:22:06. > :22:09.some extent, is the problem for everybody that Donald Trump's
:22:10. > :22:12.politics are not about facts, people are not listening to the facts out
:22:13. > :22:16.of his head and judging him on those, they are reading the
:22:17. > :22:20.subtitles about, I support you, these people are not on your side, I
:22:21. > :22:23.am on the side. I don't know what it is, they will do things for you
:22:24. > :22:30.rather than for the people who benefit. To an extent, that is true,
:22:31. > :22:34.but he is behind in the polls sub some people, some Americans, they
:22:35. > :22:39.are fact checking him. But I think most of what you say is true. I
:22:40. > :22:43.think Donald Trump has cast himself in this remarkable role. This is a
:22:44. > :22:47.guy who says he is a billionaire, but he is running against, and he
:22:48. > :22:51.has done this is whole life, he is running against elite, but the
:22:52. > :22:56.leaders of the Republican party. The New York Times! This is a guy who
:22:57. > :23:01.made his fortune building apartment buildings for people who probably
:23:02. > :23:05.could not have gotten into old money exclusive buildings. He was born in
:23:06. > :23:10.Queen's. His father made his fortune in Queen's, he went to the big city
:23:11. > :23:14.Manhattan and has been running against elite in his entire business
:23:15. > :23:19.and now political career and that includes others. Did you, the
:23:20. > :23:26.newspaper, like a lot of others, did you miss the story that there were
:23:27. > :23:29.going to be so many people who were receptive to that anti-elite
:23:30. > :23:33.message? Yes, I don't think we missed the story and I disagree with
:23:34. > :23:38.those who say we missed the story of Donald Trump, I do not think so.
:23:39. > :23:42.People know a lot of Out one. The story we messed and the press was
:23:43. > :23:47.just how much anger there was in the country over the economic crisis and
:23:48. > :23:52.disparity between the middle-class and extremely wealthy in the United
:23:53. > :23:55.States. Although I have to say, it was easy to miss and it may have
:23:56. > :24:00.taken a Donald Trump to put his finger on it and the light that up
:24:01. > :24:04.but we did miss that story and I come away with lessons about how to
:24:05. > :24:08.cover the country going forward. We're trying to talk about Hillary
:24:09. > :24:11.Clinton today and we have ended up talking about Donald Trump!
:24:12. > :24:16.Finishing on Hillary Clinton, do you think is a President she can unite
:24:17. > :24:21.the nation? At this bitter campaign, can America be healed within a year
:24:22. > :24:26.under Hillary? I do not think it is just on her. I think like Barack
:24:27. > :24:29.Obama, she will try. I think a lot of it is on whether or not the
:24:30. > :24:34.Republican party can take back the percentage of voters Donald Trump
:24:35. > :24:39.took away from them. I think a lot of it depends on whether Democrats
:24:40. > :24:43.are willing to let's -- to let go of their dreams of Bernie Sanders and a
:24:44. > :24:47.left-leaning party. She has to try, I don't think it is up to her. A lot
:24:48. > :24:49.of factions have to come together and I think it is going to be tough.
:24:50. > :24:52.Dean Baquet, thank you. Shame is one of our
:24:53. > :24:53.most basic emotions. It's been ruining lives for as long
:24:54. > :24:56.as humans can remember, and it's also been used as a form
:24:57. > :24:59.of traditional social control. But in the modern era,
:25:00. > :25:01.technology has offered new ways A problem in our relatively
:25:02. > :25:07.permissive society, but with far bigger human consequences
:25:08. > :25:08.in the more conservative The BBC Arabic Service
:25:09. > :25:15.is behind a fascinating It's called Shame, Sex, Honour
:25:16. > :25:21.and Blackmail in an online world. We thought we'd bring you two films
:25:22. > :25:23.from that project - Women, of course, are particularly
:25:24. > :25:26.vulnerable to blackmail, Today, though, we thought we'd show
:25:27. > :25:52.you that it can affect men, too. It happened when I was home alone.
:25:53. > :25:55.This girl added me on Facebook. That night, she starts
:25:56. > :26:04.chatting on Skype. And after a while, she asks
:26:05. > :26:06.if I have a So I turned on my video and said,
:26:07. > :26:12.can I see you, too? She lies on her bed
:26:13. > :26:22.and starts masturbating. With a girl like this,
:26:23. > :26:32.you lose your head. I'm a man, and I recorded
:26:33. > :26:39.you masturbating. I have a list of your
:26:40. > :26:41.family from Facebook. You have only one week
:26:42. > :26:43.to send me 2000 euros, or I'll
:26:44. > :26:51.send them the video. I'd have thrown myself out
:26:52. > :27:03.of the window from the We'll have more from the Shame
:27:04. > :30:21.season tomorrow, with the story And we'll also be discussing
:30:22. > :30:25.the issues raised by France and Britain have a lot
:30:26. > :30:30.to talk about right now, not least the jungle in Calais,
:30:31. > :30:33.and of course Brexit. The Jungle has been cleared,
:30:34. > :30:37.the form Brexit takes It happened that the French
:30:38. > :30:41.agriculture minister, Stephane Le Foll, was in London
:30:42. > :30:44.today in talks relating to COP22, the next round of UN
:30:45. > :30:46.climate change discussions He also has a job as a Government
:30:47. > :30:51.spokesman, so I caught up with him in the lavish surroundings
:30:52. > :30:53.of Lancaster House. I began by asking him
:30:54. > :30:55.whether he knows who's responsible for the chaotic scenes
:30:56. > :31:33.in the Calais Jungle. Are you going to have 5000 police
:31:34. > :31:38.guarding the dunes around Calais, the empty warehouses in Calais, the
:31:39. > :31:39.beach around Calais. Because if you don't, presumably the migrants will
:31:40. > :32:22.return. There is a debate in France, it
:32:23. > :32:27.seems, about whether the treaty was the right treaty. Maybe the border
:32:28. > :32:33.should move back to Dover? Maybe it is easier for Calais. You can put
:32:34. > :33:12.the migrants on a boat, send them to Britain.
:33:13. > :33:21.Do you think in retrospect the European Union, if it had known that
:33:22. > :33:22.Britain was going to vote this way would not have made more effort to
:33:23. > :34:22.keep the United Kingdom in? Let's just talk about why you are
:34:23. > :34:29.here, which is for a pre-meeting of the next climate change talks. The
:34:30. > :34:34.last talks were in Paris, of course. Are you happy that the legacy of the
:34:35. > :35:23.Paris talks is being carried through?
:35:24. > :35:28.Stephane Le Foll, thank you very much.
:35:29. > :35:33.This is the erection of the TV tower at Alexandra Palace in North London.
:35:34. > :35:35.Famous for being the point from which the first regular,
:35:36. > :35:38.proper television service was broadcast by the BBC.
:35:39. > :35:41.For a while, there were two competing services, in fact,
:35:42. > :35:44.one based on a picture technology of 405 lines, the other using
:35:45. > :35:49.a system devised by John Logie Baird which had 240 lines.
:35:50. > :35:51.The Logie Baird system was quickly dropped.
:35:52. > :35:55.But both were high definition at the time.
:35:56. > :35:58.Back then, the technology meant the picture took 58 seconds to be
:35:59. > :36:02.New technology needed custom-built studios.
:36:03. > :36:09.And guess what - next Wednesday, is the 80th anniversary
:36:10. > :36:20.Here is some of the Baird apparatus. The transmitting valves, the
:36:21. > :36:23.spotlight scanner, the spotlight studio in which photocells take the
:36:24. > :36:29.place of lights and the projection room with the projector.
:36:30. > :36:32.And guess what - next Wednesday, is the 80th anniversary
:36:33. > :36:56.# # Mighty mystic, magic raise
:36:57. > :36:59.# All about us in the gloom # Living pictures out of space
:37:00. > :37:05.# To bring a new wonder to you Well, I spoke to Paul Reveley
:37:06. > :37:11.earlier this evening. He is now aged 104, but he worked
:37:12. > :37:14.as the personal technical assistant of John Logie Baird back
:37:15. > :37:24.then in 1936. He told me the man most people think
:37:25. > :37:30.invented television wasn't even a VIP guest on the night.
:37:31. > :37:33.He wasn't even invited to a set on the platform at the opening
:37:34. > :37:40.Well, look, his system didn't make it.
:37:41. > :37:42.It was the one that was dropped, wasn't it?
:37:43. > :37:48.And the EMI Marconi system was accepted.
:37:49. > :37:50.Did the right decision get made in the end, do you think?
:37:51. > :38:03.There's not really much between the systems in television.
:38:04. > :38:09.It was a question of the implementation.
:38:10. > :38:12.Did you think, back then, when you were working
:38:13. > :38:14.for John Logie Baird, did you know how big
:38:15. > :38:21.and influential television would be in the 20th century?
:38:22. > :38:27.So the huge irony in the history of television is that
:38:28. > :38:30.John Logie Baird was the first to do it, and his was
:38:31. > :38:37.He was the first to make it, make something work.
:38:38. > :38:51.It was what the patent office call obvious to those versed in the art.
:38:52. > :38:58.All you had to do was code the mosaic of light and shade,
:38:59. > :39:04.which a transmissible scene is composed of.
:39:05. > :39:09.You have to code that in some way, which is called scanning.
:39:10. > :39:12.And then transmit that like a Morse code down a single
:39:13. > :39:18.When did you buy your first television?
:39:19. > :39:23.I didn't buy a television in the UK at all.
:39:24. > :39:29.I bought a television much later on in life when I was working
:39:30. > :39:31.for the Post Office engineering department of the Hong
:39:32. > :39:44.How was John Logie Baird as a man to work for?
:39:45. > :39:47.You must feel very proud, he has a very big history to him,
:39:48. > :39:51.and you must feel proud to have had a very close relationship to him?
:39:52. > :40:02.He was very considerate of his staff.
:40:03. > :40:08.And of course, he was working at the forefront of his technology,
:40:09. > :40:11.but he didn't do any practical work himself once he'd formed the Baird
:40:12. > :40:19.He delegated all work, all actual, physical work
:40:20. > :40:31.You weren't at Alexandra Palace on that night.
:40:32. > :40:34.What were you doing on the night of those first broadcast,
:40:35. > :40:40.I expect I was having dinner with my wife.
:40:41. > :40:44.I have to say, Paul, it is a great privilege
:40:45. > :40:47.Thank you very much for coming on, thank you.
:40:48. > :40:57.Coming up on BBC Two, No Such Thing As The News.
:40:58. > :40:59.We leave you with Chris Horsely, who's just been visiting
:41:00. > :41:02.the Marum Volcano in Vanuatu in an unconscious bid to reconstruct
:41:03. > :41:05.the Mount Doom scene in The Lord Of The Rings.