:00:00. > :00:15.tonight for the violent crackdown in Venezuala.
:00:16. > :00:18.As these opposition leaders are arrested, the UN and the EU
:00:19. > :00:24.the situation, with the help of an opposition senator
:00:25. > :00:30.Fentanyl, an anaesthetic fifty times more powerful than heroin
:00:31. > :00:33.is the drug that killed the rock star Prince.
:00:34. > :00:36.Today we learned that its illicit use has killed at least sixty people
:00:37. > :00:40.already this year in one area of the county alone.
:00:41. > :00:45.We'll ask why did it take so long to realise this was going on?
:00:46. > :00:48.And Ryanair's shy and self effacing boss is warning of severe turbulence
:00:49. > :01:05.The world has finally focussed on the severity of the crisis
:01:06. > :01:08.in Venezuela following Sunday's vote to put more power in the hands
:01:09. > :01:10.of President Maduro.The lethal cocktail of violent crackdown,
:01:11. > :01:11.food shortages, spiralling inflation, rapidly draining
:01:12. > :01:21.The abduction of Opposition leaders in the middle of the night,
:01:22. > :01:23.filmed on the mobile phones of their families, will have
:01:24. > :01:25.been viewed millions of times in the country,
:01:26. > :01:30.and the international response has been overwhelmingly condemnatory.
:01:31. > :01:36.Only Cuba is standing four square behind President Maduro.
:01:37. > :01:38.Following US sanctions imposed yesterday the UN
:01:39. > :01:40.Secretary General Antonio Guterres called for urgent political
:01:41. > :01:42.negotiations between the government and the opposition to curb
:01:43. > :01:48.Vladimir Hernandez is a Venezuelan correspondent for the BBC and has
:01:49. > :02:01.this report on the crisis in his home country.
:02:02. > :02:09.In the middle of last night, in pyjamas, in front of family members,
:02:10. > :02:13.a Venezuelan opposition politician is bundled into a vehicle belonging
:02:14. > :02:19.to the intelligence services. Help, said Antonio Ledezma who has been
:02:20. > :02:26.kept under house arrest for two years for allegedly plotting against
:02:27. > :02:31.President Maduro. This is a dictatorship says this woman while
:02:32. > :02:38.Toby Jones has taken away. But the same time, and other opposition
:02:39. > :02:42.politician, Leopoldo Lopez is also arrested. He is a well-known
:02:43. > :02:47.politician who was recently put under house arrest after being
:02:48. > :02:55.imprisoned since 2015 for supposedly inciting violent acts. For half a
:02:56. > :02:59.century, Venezuela was seen as one of the most stable countries in
:03:00. > :03:02.Latin America but since Hugo Chavez was elected at the
:03:03. > :03:07.turn-of-the-century, increasingly their democratic credentials have
:03:08. > :03:10.been been called into question. The arrest last night, midst of an
:03:11. > :03:21.ongoing political battle between the successor of Hugo Chavez and plans
:03:22. > :03:25.to change the constitution. And the political instability is fuelling
:03:26. > :03:29.social unrest. In the streets, protests have been erupting since
:03:30. > :03:33.April, Venezuelans have long put up with inflation of at least 800%.
:03:34. > :03:37.Severe food and medicine shortages mean that the people are living
:03:38. > :03:47.through the worst year since that Chavez revolution. This is basically
:03:48. > :04:07.collapsed. President Maduro says that the
:04:08. > :04:11.changes to the constitution voted in on Sunday were to restore peace in
:04:12. > :04:16.the country, but here, he is also saying that with these new powers,
:04:17. > :04:20.he will seek to remove the Attorney General, a former government
:04:21. > :04:24.supporter who has now accuse the government of state terrorism, for
:04:25. > :04:42.the way it has dealt with protesters and opposition politicians.
:04:43. > :04:49.Over 100 people have died in these months of anti-government protests.
:04:50. > :04:54.Thousands more have been arrested amid heavy criticism from human
:04:55. > :04:56.rights organisations. This current wave of protests feels very
:04:57. > :05:05.different from those seen in the past years. With hunger and despair
:05:06. > :05:07.are growing, some of those involved in these demonstrations have told me
:05:08. > :05:12.there is not much to lose any more. Will Grant is a BBC
:05:13. > :05:25.Latin America correspondent First of all can I ask you, or
:05:26. > :05:29.whether you know were people built where the opposition leaders are
:05:30. > :05:33.tonight? And I think he is uncertain as to whether he will be speaking
:05:34. > :05:36.just for a second so we was up to him in a moment.
:05:37. > :05:38.In a moment I'll be speaking to the Venezualuan MP
:05:39. > :05:40.Juan Mekhia, one of the leaders of the country's
:05:41. > :05:44.But first I'm joined here in the studio by Javier Farkhe -
:05:45. > :05:47.he's an activist and journalist who supports the Maduro government.
:05:48. > :05:56.Good evening to you. Thank you for having me. You have prep President
:05:57. > :06:01.Maduro, is he capable of sanctioning torture. He is hugely underestimated
:06:02. > :06:07.in terms of the way he is dealing with the situation. He has been
:06:08. > :06:12.facing protests, looting, violence, strikes, attempts to bring him
:06:13. > :06:20.down... He been arresting people and there has been tear gas, is he
:06:21. > :06:24.capable of ordering torture? No. President Maduro called for the
:06:25. > :06:27.assembly not to change the constitution but he introduced
:06:28. > :06:31.reforms because the institutions could not stay the same. But the
:06:32. > :06:34.power to appoint judges does change and people are protesting and they
:06:35. > :06:40.felt it was removing their democratic rights of the people. The
:06:41. > :06:44.judges were appointed in 2015 with the endorsement of the Attorney
:06:45. > :06:47.General who has turned his back on the government and one of the
:06:48. > :06:53.reasons that she is in trouble is that she denies she has the --
:06:54. > :06:57.anything to do with the appointment of the judges before the government
:06:58. > :07:03.to over the National Assembly. The country is practically on its knees.
:07:04. > :07:08.It is. We have a situation where there is international condemnation
:07:09. > :07:13.of what is going on in Venezuela and particularly from the UN, the
:07:14. > :07:16.bundling into cars last night of two opposition leaders, was that a
:07:17. > :07:19.mistake? It could have been handled in a different way but they had
:07:20. > :07:23.violated the conditions under which they have been put under house
:07:24. > :07:28.arrest. They were in their homes. Should they have been arrested in
:07:29. > :07:33.any case? One of the reasons they were arrested was because they
:07:34. > :07:37.violated -- Michael violated the conditions of their house arrest.
:07:38. > :07:40.First of all they called for protests which was forbidden by the
:07:41. > :07:49.government and they called for violence. There are videos which
:07:50. > :07:57.show... He actually calls for violence? You can quote that?
:07:58. > :08:02.Rebelling against the government is not calling for violence. If you're
:08:03. > :08:06.calling on the Army to do that, you're asking the Army to rebel
:08:07. > :08:10.against the government, then you are calling for a military coup, they
:08:11. > :08:17.have been doing that for a long time, ever since the failed coup of
:08:18. > :08:21.2002. Obviously, notwithstanding the oil price, and the collapse,
:08:22. > :08:26.President Maduro cannot keep a handle on what is going on in his
:08:27. > :08:35.economy, there are food shortages, people cannot move freely around the
:08:36. > :08:37.country any more, a government is not working. The government is
:08:38. > :08:41.working... It is difficult for the government to handle that situation
:08:42. > :08:45.because of low oil prices. There is little hard currency available to
:08:46. > :08:51.buy products not produced in Venezuelan. The accusation is that
:08:52. > :08:55.in the middle of all this hardship there is utter corruption. There is
:08:56. > :09:03.clear evidence in videos and images that show that convoys of food for
:09:04. > :09:07.distribution have been attacked by gangs of opposition motorcyclists.
:09:08. > :09:12.There has been a lot of speculation within the Private sectors that
:09:13. > :09:18.handles the warehouses. Why are you so sure that the combined opposition
:09:19. > :09:22.does not have the policies to relieve the situation? 60% of the
:09:23. > :09:26.people according to an opinion poll, in favour of the government, says
:09:27. > :09:32.that the opposition do not have the capacity. They have been trying to
:09:33. > :09:39.bring down the government. They do not have a clear position on the
:09:40. > :09:42.economy. Can I be clear? You back entirely President Maduro. Not at
:09:43. > :09:46.all. I think the stakes have been made, they could have dealt at
:09:47. > :09:54.better with the issue of the exchange rate, it is a big problem.
:09:55. > :09:57.Yes. At the same time, when he took office in 2013, that coincided with
:09:58. > :10:03.the drop in oil prices. No government would have been able to
:10:04. > :10:09.handle that situation better. Now we can go to our correspondent in
:10:10. > :10:12.Caracas. Will Grant, ASCII first of all tonight, we saw those pictures
:10:13. > :10:17.of the opposition leaders being bundled into cars last night by
:10:18. > :10:22.security services, we have heard a supporter of President Maduro saying
:10:23. > :10:27.that they violated their curfew at home, what has happened, do you have
:10:28. > :10:36.any idea where they are? It appears that both men are in a prison on the
:10:37. > :10:40.outskirts of Caracas. Very little more than that is known at this
:10:41. > :10:45.stage. Theoretically they need to come before a judge to hear the
:10:46. > :10:51.reasoning for their rearrest. Which, as far as we know, considering a
:10:52. > :10:54.statement was released by the government is for two reasons, one
:10:55. > :10:59.that they broke the terms according to the government of their house
:11:00. > :11:04.arrest, specifically because they released videos around this very
:11:05. > :11:09.controversial vote for a new legislative body, which they said
:11:10. > :11:13.was an appeal to people to take to the streets. Obviously that is a
:11:14. > :11:17.very controversial idea, their lawyers and families deny that, but
:11:18. > :11:22.the other reason put out by the government was that they were trying
:11:23. > :11:27.to flee. The family say that was not the case. Do we know what the mood
:11:28. > :11:32.is like tonight, not just in Caracas but other big cities? The videos of
:11:33. > :11:40.the arrest have gone around the now, presumably? In Caracas, it is
:11:41. > :11:43.extremely tense, people have been setting up barricades on the streets
:11:44. > :11:49.over the past few days, particularly on the day of the vote itself, it
:11:50. > :11:55.was extremely tense, there was a lot of nervousness, there were clashes
:11:56. > :11:57.between the security forces and ordinary people and protesters,
:11:58. > :12:05.journalists were attacked in one part of the city as well. It is an
:12:06. > :12:10.extremely strange... Unique kind of feeling on the streets at the
:12:11. > :12:16.moment. I used to live in Caracas when Hugo Chavez was in power and it
:12:17. > :12:21.is starting to feel like the rule of law is slipping compare to those
:12:22. > :12:26.days. Since then, these two men have been arrested and that adds further
:12:27. > :12:29.to the tension, particularly in areas that are controlled by the
:12:30. > :12:37.opposition. Thank you very much indeed. We had been hoping to speak
:12:38. > :12:39.to a leader of the Venezuelan opposition tonight but we had
:12:40. > :12:42.technical problems and we will return to the story again.
:12:43. > :12:45.In amongst all the claims and counter claims of the impact
:12:46. > :12:47.on our lives of Brexit, in every industry, the future
:12:48. > :12:50.of travel to some of our most loved European destinations aviation
:12:51. > :12:52.is exercising airline owners and passengers alike.
:12:53. > :12:55.And two of the most vocal airline bosses have directly opposing views.
:12:56. > :12:58.Willie Walsh, the boss of BA, insists all flying conditions
:12:59. > :13:02.will be smooth, but Michael O'Leary of Ryanair, is the doom-monger.
:13:03. > :13:06.I'll be speaking to him in a moment but first in case of you need it,
:13:07. > :13:24.Michael O'Leary has long been a pantomime villain. They occasionally
:13:25. > :13:29.foul-mouthed Irishman has never been afraid to ruffle a few feathers. And
:13:30. > :13:34.ruffle feathers is exactly what his airline has done over the last three
:13:35. > :13:40.decades, with humble beginnings and is 51 staff in 1985, it has sought
:13:41. > :13:45.to become the largest airline in Europe carrying 170 million
:13:46. > :13:48.passengers last year. It has also attracted consumer anger,
:13:49. > :13:52.developing, some might say nurturing, a reputation for
:13:53. > :14:03.ruthlessness and uncaring service. Now however, Mr
:14:04. > :14:06.O'Leary is centrestage with dire warnings about the risk of Brexit.
:14:07. > :14:08.He argues that it threatens the EU open skies arrangement which
:14:09. > :14:10.guarantees important freedoms to airlines. These freedoms established
:14:11. > :14:13.in 1944 permit for example, airlines belong to one country to fly
:14:14. > :14:18.passengers to and from their country of origin. They also allow air
:14:19. > :14:21.blogger to one country to fly passengers between two different
:14:22. > :14:26.countries or internally within another country. For instance,
:14:27. > :14:30.easyJet, UK airline can fly from London to Paris and back but also
:14:31. > :14:36.from Paris to Rome or from Rome to Milan. With Brexit, these freedoms
:14:37. > :14:38.could be at risk. For one thing, the system operates under the
:14:39. > :14:51.jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice which
:14:52. > :14:54.Britain has vowed to leave. So, will we see a disguise and hundreds of
:14:55. > :14:56.grounded planes at Heathrow and Manchester the day after we leave
:14:57. > :14:58.the EU? With his alarmism dismiss, Mr O'Leary is largely alone in this
:14:59. > :15:01.assessment. He has not been afraid of
:15:02. > :15:17.You're Transport Secretary Chris Grayling, what is your pitch? It is
:15:18. > :15:22.one of concern. The problem with the legislation is if the UK leads the
:15:23. > :15:27.European Union it is automatically leaving Open Skies. As things stand
:15:28. > :15:31.currently there are no flight rights between the UK and the EU and vice
:15:32. > :15:36.versa. That happens at the end of March. UK Government therefore has
:15:37. > :15:41.to negotiate a bilateral knot with individual countries but with the EU
:15:42. > :15:47.27. There is no sign of that being negotiated and no sign of any
:15:48. > :15:52.agreement. You're part of the EU, you're Irish, and a leading
:15:53. > :15:59.businessman. You can go to Michel Barnier, to the 27 and say it is up
:16:00. > :16:05.to you to go faster. We are but the French and Germans are saying Michel
:16:06. > :16:09.Barnier, slow down. If we caused some disruption for a period of
:16:10. > :16:17.months, and aviation comes up six months before Brexit, if we do not
:16:18. > :16:23.have the right to fly will cancel those flights. But it is in
:16:24. > :16:28.everyone's interest... That is the misunderstanding here in the UK. It
:16:29. > :16:33.is not in everyone's interests. It is European interests, said in the
:16:34. > :16:37.European airlines who are lobbying against this to not have an
:16:38. > :16:41.agreement when it will not last for a couple of years but a couple of
:16:42. > :16:48.months. But the British people when booking holidays for the summer of
:16:49. > :16:54.2019 it will be dry or get a very to Scotland or Ireland. You are an
:16:55. > :17:01.outlier on this. Everyone else was in denial. This is reality. There
:17:02. > :17:06.are other legal realities which will come unto. But you attended a
:17:07. > :17:14.meeting at the European Parliament last month and we have a clip of
:17:15. > :17:19.Willie Walsh taking a diametrically opposed views to you. He says it is
:17:20. > :17:23.going to be fine. With policy support it ought to be relatively
:17:24. > :17:29.straightforward to agree a deal on aviation that will be ready when the
:17:30. > :17:33.UK leads the EU. With policy support it should be relatively easy. There
:17:34. > :17:38.is no policy support that is the problem. But when you see Chris
:17:39. > :17:44.Grayling tomorrow? I hope there will be but Chris Grayling and the UK
:17:45. > :17:48.Government have not been able to negotiate the divorce bill, they
:17:49. > :17:54.cannot agree on whether the European Court of Justice governs European
:17:55. > :17:58.citizens here in the UK put up never mind doing the sectoral agreement
:17:59. > :18:02.for aviation. What is different about aviation is there is no
:18:03. > :18:07.fallback position. It is not covered by WTO. The UK is out of Open Skies
:18:08. > :18:12.and must negotiate an agreement. The UK is not yet out of Open Skies and
:18:13. > :18:17.may perhaps at yet negotiate an agreement and also several airlines
:18:18. > :18:23.including the one that controls British Airways will have a base
:18:24. > :18:28.within the European Union. Easyjet will have... Untrue. That will allow
:18:29. > :18:34.them to fly the way they are flying just now. That is incorrect because
:18:35. > :18:39.there are two issues. Ownership restrictions and flight plans. The
:18:40. > :18:46.current ownership setup will not survive Brexit. A Spanish company
:18:47. > :18:51.owning British Airways. No one would like an agreement more than I would.
:18:52. > :18:54.But you're not recognising the reality that continental Europeans
:18:55. > :19:00.see aviation as a means to put pressure on British people around
:19:01. > :19:04.September, October of 2018 because there will be no agreement. The
:19:05. > :19:10.business of ownership, Ryanair has a big issue. In order to have the
:19:11. > :19:20.ability to fly from one destination to another in the European Union 50%
:19:21. > :19:26.plus the company has to be owned and controlled by EU nationals. Ryanair
:19:27. > :19:34.is not, it is that 38%. We are at 40%. That is too low. We are buying
:19:35. > :19:39.back 5% of our stock every year. That is not a challenge for me. So
:19:40. > :19:45.you take money out of UK pension funds supporting Ryanair? We are
:19:46. > :19:49.buying back our own shares. At the moment you do not comply with the
:19:50. > :19:54.regulations which will allow you to fly between cities in the European
:19:55. > :19:59.Union. At the moment we do because British shareholders are treated as
:20:00. > :20:04.EU citizens. I accept that. In a hard Brexit if the UK leads we will
:20:05. > :20:08.have two forced UK shareholders to sell but the Easyjet structure will
:20:09. > :20:15.also have to be sold out. Easyjet cannot own and Austrian company and
:20:16. > :20:19.British Airways will not be allowed... You have an Austrian
:20:20. > :20:26.company 50% owned by European nationals. But Easyjet only own a
:20:27. > :20:30.majority. They do not control it either. You're missing the point. At
:20:31. > :20:40.the moment you can do this but after Brexit unless you can, unless
:20:41. > :20:46.Ryanair is owned 50 plus percent by EU nationals, you cannot fly city to
:20:47. > :20:51.city. That is not a difficulty. What I will not be able to do in a hard
:20:52. > :20:56.Brexit is fly from Europe to the UK or from the UK and Europe. The
:20:57. > :21:00.flight rights is the major challenge, not ownership. If I had
:21:01. > :21:06.to buy back another 10% of my stock that is what I plan to do anyway, we
:21:07. > :21:09.will be fine. But who will fly between the UK and the EU if the
:21:10. > :21:13.British Government does not negotiate an agreement in about 12
:21:14. > :21:18.months' time. And they had no idea how to negotiate that agreement.
:21:19. > :21:24.Let's look at Ryanair. You said you would change the culture, if I'd
:21:25. > :21:27.known being nice to customers was going to work so well I would have
:21:28. > :21:35.done it ages ago. So why have you got this new policy of different
:21:36. > :21:39.pricing between middle, window and aisle seats. Therefore if you are an
:21:40. > :21:45.adult fly with a child that should be sitting beside you one of those
:21:46. > :21:52.seats is more expensive than the other. The child seat is free. There
:21:53. > :21:56.is a supplement. It is free, it is the adult who pays to reserve a
:21:57. > :22:03.seat. The adult pays the extra. Yes. And that sounds like sophistry to
:22:04. > :22:10.me. It is taking place at the moment and we have more than 50% of people
:22:11. > :22:15.now selecting reserved seats when we are reducing our fair is about 4
:22:16. > :22:20.euros per seat. We would be reporting July numbers tomorrow, the
:22:21. > :22:25.low factor is 97%. Our flights are full. I'm not suggesting there are
:22:26. > :22:35.not full. People love the service and they adore the prices. What you
:22:36. > :22:39.have been reporting in the papers, with the random nature of algorithms
:22:40. > :22:43.and everything else, you end up splitting up families. We have never
:22:44. > :22:47.split a family, that is just not true. I have spoken to someone who
:22:48. > :22:53.has been split up. If the child is under 12 cannot be split up, they
:22:54. > :22:58.must together. Well we may get a lot of messages on Twitter after this.
:22:59. > :23:04.And children coming along with luggage, you are also unhappy about
:23:05. > :23:08.that. We are delighted. We have so few free seats. The thing I'm
:23:09. > :23:13.concerned about is whether any children will fly with us from the
:23:14. > :23:16.UK to Europe in April 2000 19. Thank you very much.
:23:17. > :23:20.Carne Ross is a former diplomat who worked for the Foreign Office
:23:21. > :23:24.Here's his take on why - after years working
:23:25. > :25:28.for the government - he now believes in anarchism.
:25:29. > :25:33.And if you want to know more about his journey from diplomat
:25:34. > :25:36.to anarchist then you can find him in a Storyville documentary
:25:37. > :25:40.on the iplayer now - look for Accidental Anarchist.
:25:41. > :25:42.When drug dealers want to get the edge on the competition
:25:43. > :25:45.and produce ever more extreme highs addicts end up taking
:25:46. > :25:51.The laboratory drug Fentanyl, a pain reliever and anaesthetic,
:25:52. > :25:54.is fifty times more potent than heroin and taking it illicity
:25:55. > :25:58.mixed with heroin is described as being like like Russian Roulette.
:25:59. > :26:04.Today the National Crime Agency said that it is responsible
:26:05. > :26:07.for the deaths of at least 60 drug users in Engand and Wales
:26:08. > :26:10.since the beginning of the year and may be implicated
:26:11. > :26:18.Its killing potential is evidence by the figures in America
:26:19. > :26:21.where the 19% rise in drug deaths last year - to 59,000 -
:26:22. > :26:26.We'll assess in a moment what Britain can do
:26:27. > :26:29.But first, I spoke earlier to Assistant Secretary
:26:30. > :26:31.of State William Brownfield - he's responsible for anti-narcotics
:26:32. > :26:35.I started by asking him how the problem with Fentanyl
:26:36. > :26:43.Here in the United States in the late 1990s there was a demand
:26:44. > :26:47.by patients on their doctors and the medical community to provide
:26:48. > :26:53.The doctors, trying to be responsive to their patients,
:26:54. > :26:55.asked for support and help from the American
:26:56. > :26:59.pharmaceutical industry who produced opioids.
:27:00. > :27:05.Not surprisingly as we moved into the 21st century,
:27:06. > :27:07.the prescriptions and growing numbers of people that
:27:08. > :27:11.were regularly using opioids developed eventually
:27:12. > :27:16.into a dependency and an addiction problem.
:27:17. > :27:20.And then as criminal enterprises realised that by using heroin
:27:21. > :27:28.to short-circuit and provide a much cheaper hit than diverted opioids,
:27:29. > :27:32.heroine then came into the market supplanting most of the opioids.
:27:33. > :27:36.And then what we have discovered over the last two or three years
:27:37. > :27:39.is that that same industry discovered that by adding a very
:27:40. > :27:50.inexpensive and easily manipulable product such as Fentanyl
:27:51. > :27:53.into the mix, they can at almost no additional cost to provide a much
:27:54. > :27:57.more effective buzz or high and Bob's your uncle,
:27:58. > :27:59.we have a first-class heroine opioids Fentanyl crisis
:28:00. > :28:17.The likes of which we have not seen for more than 40 years.
:28:18. > :28:21.I want to ask you about this, just to get to grips with it is
:28:22. > :28:26.I mean, the example I use is a business sized envelope.
:28:27. > :28:29.Into which you can easily insert enough Fentanyl that would provide
:28:30. > :28:32.And if you assume perhaps he is getting ten bucks,
:28:33. > :28:37.$10 per hit, you have $10,000 worth of merchandise in a business sized
:28:38. > :28:41.envelope that you can mail at least here in the United States for 49
:28:42. > :28:43.cents, somewhere in the vicinity I suppose of about 30p
:28:44. > :28:51.Now the Home Secretary, our Home Secretary has been talking
:28:52. > :28:55.about this today because obviously these figures have come out today.
:28:56. > :28:58.But what can we do to counter it before it gets to
:28:59. > :29:06.I will tell you some of the lessons we have learned from here.
:29:07. > :29:11.That in less than two years entire cities go from having no experience
:29:12. > :29:15.with Fentanyl whatsoever to an inundation.
:29:16. > :29:18.Second, education is exceptionally important.
:29:19. > :29:21.Most human beings actually do not wish to kill
:29:22. > :29:24.themselves with a product that they are ingesting,
:29:25. > :29:31.inhaling, or in some way inserting into their system.
:29:32. > :29:40.And education can be tremendously helpful.
:29:41. > :29:43.Education includes by the way how little of the product of the product
:29:44. > :29:47.is Fentanyl or other analogues, can actually kill you.
:29:48. > :29:50.Third you have to have some sort of intelligence system,
:29:51. > :29:51.law enforcement intelligence is geared towards the
:29:52. > :29:55.It does not come from the same production line that
:29:56. > :29:57.produces the heroine, the morphine, or the
:29:58. > :30:04.It comes from a different production line today dominated mostly
:30:05. > :30:09.by the Chinese pharmaceutical industry and to get on top of this
:30:10. > :30:12.you need to have an intelligence network with local law enforcement
:30:13. > :30:22.William Brownfield, thank you very much.
:30:23. > :30:29.Baroness Molly Meacher is a cross bench peer and the chair
:30:30. > :30:31.of the all party parliamentary group on drug use.
:30:32. > :30:33.Professor Sir John Strang is one of Britain's leading experts
:30:34. > :30:35.on addiction and heads the addictions department
:30:36. > :30:49.The evening. I think for many people they will not have heard of this,
:30:50. > :30:55.they will have heard of cocaine and heroin but not Fentanyl but it seems
:30:56. > :31:01.to be utterly deadly. Let us be clear what it is, it is an opioid
:31:02. > :31:08.drug, it is a drug whose effects are very similar to heroin and morphine
:31:09. > :31:12.and those classes of drugs. The particular problem with Fentanyl
:31:13. > :31:20.which is the same as the problem with heroin is that if a slug of the
:31:21. > :31:26.drug is taken, it turns off your respiratory drive, that bit of your
:31:27. > :31:31.brain that sends signals to breathe. You're looking at the science and
:31:32. > :31:35.the addiction together. I wonder if you think that a lot of addicts in
:31:36. > :31:41.this country have sufficient knowledge of the possible impact of
:31:42. > :31:46.Fentanyl when a single grain of this drug could kill you? You're
:31:47. > :31:50.absolutely right. One of the key features of Fentanyl is the small
:31:51. > :31:59.amount that is required to have that effect. In medical practice, that
:32:00. > :32:03.has not been a problem. Fentanyl has been used for around 30 years as a
:32:04. > :32:08.painkiller and anaesthetic because if you are needing to adjust the
:32:09. > :32:15.minute dose in medical practice, you can do so. The problem comes,
:32:16. > :32:21.particularly if you have illicit manufacture. With people who do not
:32:22. > :32:25.know the strength of what they are putting in, that is the problem and
:32:26. > :32:29.that is why it is described as Russian roulette in America. Perhaps
:32:30. > :32:35.they do not care. Illegal drug dealers are trying to make big
:32:36. > :32:40.money. They are not trying to kill their clients, but half the time,
:32:41. > :32:47.they do not realise how dangerous it is. How did this creep up by mass?
:32:48. > :32:58.We have had these laws for 60 years that ban all these. How did Fentanyl
:32:59. > :33:03.as a component creep up on us? The Chinese are exporting it. It comes
:33:04. > :33:08.from China and as we introduced a law about one year ago banning a
:33:09. > :33:13.whole pile of psychoactive substances. These substances are
:33:14. > :33:18.purchased online from China to get around the law, it is impossible to
:33:19. > :33:24.police substances coming in from China directly to the homes of
:33:25. > :33:28.people. The government seems to think... All you have to do is ban
:33:29. > :33:34.things and that is fine but we have to be a great deal more intelligent
:33:35. > :33:45.about the strokes. Interestingly, I wonder if you think that dealers to
:33:46. > :33:52.know how to do this properly. When we saw police covered in outfits,
:33:53. > :33:56.but we watched two policemen in America who were not covered and
:33:57. > :33:59.became sick from inhaling it. The potency of it and the way they mix,
:34:00. > :34:07.it must be under controlled conditions. We can learn a lot by
:34:08. > :34:12.looking at the experience in the US. Very clearly, the product that is
:34:13. > :34:18.put out there in the marketplace, is not carefully titrated. If it was
:34:19. > :34:21.that there was the fine tuning of the dosing, then you would still
:34:22. > :34:24.have your problem of the heroin addiction and its equivalent but you
:34:25. > :34:33.would not have the death rate that comes with it. It is worth pointing
:34:34. > :34:38.out, for those people and those families with a son or daughter
:34:39. > :34:42.involved in this, let us be clear about the partially protective
:34:43. > :34:48.effect of being in treatment. We already know both with heroin
:34:49. > :34:53.overdose and Fentanyl over those that a move into treatment massively
:34:54. > :34:58.reduces your risk of dying. You would hope this would scare people
:34:59. > :35:02.into seeking treatment. It is a hugely important point but then you
:35:03. > :35:06.ask the question about having the capacity to respond and retain
:35:07. > :35:12.people in treatment and the evidence on the whole is that treatment has
:35:13. > :35:15.become less available and more difficult to hold people in
:35:16. > :35:20.treatment. My understanding is that these figures are very start because
:35:21. > :35:26.it is only July and at least 60 with another possible 70 but it is
:35:27. > :35:29.because the wait up -- the toxicology was examined, Fentanyl
:35:30. > :35:33.could have been something that has been growing over the last two or
:35:34. > :35:39.three years. Further products will come out as well. We must not just
:35:40. > :35:44.assume there is just this one. The Chinese are producing new and ever
:35:45. > :35:49.stronger and more complex compounds. How do you stop them getting it into
:35:50. > :35:54.the country? In my view, we have to regulate the way we do these things.
:35:55. > :36:00.Sir John Baird some excellent research into heroin treatment
:36:01. > :36:04.centres, in Switzerland, there are wonderful centres were heroin users
:36:05. > :36:08.get the clean heroin illegally in special treatment centres and
:36:09. > :36:13.through consumption rooms and Durham Police are doing something similar.
:36:14. > :36:17.If we do that, people get their heroin clean, not with Fentanyl edit
:36:18. > :36:21.on the whole thing becomes much more safer. Thank you very much indeed.
:36:22. > :36:23.Apart from the occasional burst of banter over Brexit,
:36:24. > :36:26.politics seems to have packed up its bags and disappeared
:36:27. > :36:29.The snap election was only in June but feels to some
:36:30. > :36:33.But today memories of it were evoked by the publication
:36:34. > :36:36.of a piece of analysis by the British Election Survey team
:36:37. > :36:39.For three decades they've been monitoring the reasons people
:36:40. > :36:43.And today's findings shed some new light on what was going
:36:44. > :36:45.on behind the scenes of that extraordinary election.
:36:46. > :36:49.Our policy editor Chris Cook is here.
:36:50. > :36:56.Chris, what with the surprises? I think one of the things that sheds
:36:57. > :37:00.light on this, it understands the position of Labour on Brexit in
:37:01. > :37:08.particular. We have got a graphic here which is about to pop up which
:37:09. > :37:13.shows the 100 blogs on the left in red representing Labour voters at
:37:14. > :37:22.the 2017 general election, the blue blobs represent the Tory voters. Let
:37:23. > :37:28.us look, using the data, how they voted in the 2016 referendum. What
:37:29. > :37:35.it shows you is that roughly, about 70% of Labour voters voted Remain
:37:36. > :37:39.and 70% of Tory voters voted Leave in the referendum. There is a
:37:40. > :37:43.pleasing symmetry and that leaves people saying why aren't Labour
:37:44. > :37:50.being more assiduous and trying to basically lock picks it? The British
:37:51. > :37:56.election -- but the British Election Survey on thickness. The question as
:37:57. > :37:59.it is what is almost important thing to you and people have to write in
:38:00. > :38:03.what they think the top issue is and what we can do is sweep away all the
:38:04. > :38:08.blogs by people on the screen who did not say break that was the top
:38:09. > :38:15.issue. It shows you that basically there is a huge enthusiasm gap. You
:38:16. > :38:19.bring up the numbers, about 18% of Labour voters are hardline Remain
:38:20. > :38:26.voters and make Brexit is the most important issue compared to 30% of
:38:27. > :38:29.Tory voters. 70% of Labour voters were Remain voters but only a small
:38:30. > :38:35.portion of those still pick it is the most important issue. What is
:38:36. > :38:38.the most important issue? Tuition fees, fox hunting? The amazing thing
:38:39. > :38:42.about this study is there is no silver bullet that explains the
:38:43. > :38:46.election. It is amazing that you would not know from the study that
:38:47. > :38:51.tuition fees even came up or fox hunting, the best we can say is that
:38:52. > :38:55.those things, if they were important, they were important to
:38:56. > :39:00.secondary issues that supported the broader issues and broader images of
:39:01. > :39:04.the two major parties. So was an election that never really was in
:39:05. > :39:10.terms of sparks and passion. There was lots of passion but no clear
:39:11. > :39:16.thrust that damaged fatally or it saved one of the parties. Like very
:39:17. > :39:24.much indeed. A quick look at the front pages. The Guardian revealed
:39:25. > :39:27.that tycoon 's own 652 empty homes in the Grenfell area and there is
:39:28. > :39:35.the new Vogue editor on his first day in the job, the first man to
:39:36. > :39:41.edit the magazine. The Telegraph, green tax ends home energy bills.
:39:42. > :39:42.The Daily Mirror, greedy British Gas boss revealed that cars have gone
:39:43. > :39:46.down but he is putting up prices.