:00:07. > :00:08.The death divide - if you are a northerner
:00:09. > :00:11.in England in your mid 30s, you're 50% more likely to die
:00:12. > :00:16.We know the country has extreme regional imbalances,
:00:17. > :00:18.but what accounts for excess mortality among prime
:00:19. > :00:22.More and more people coming into the hospital
:00:23. > :00:26.with alcohol-related liver injury and illness and actually, you know,
:00:27. > :00:32.They have probably got nothing to live for and alcohol is an easy
:00:33. > :00:38.We'll ask if this is a health issue or a national failure
:00:39. > :00:43.to deal with inequality between north and south.
:00:44. > :00:49.President Trump ramps up the rhetoric on North Korea.
:00:50. > :00:58.They will be met with fire and few are, like the world has never seen.
:00:59. > :01:02.We're in Amiens, in Northern France, birthplace of President Macron,
:01:03. > :01:04.to hear how he finds out whether faith in his
:01:05. > :01:12.After an extroadinary campaign, which entirely new political
:01:13. > :01:15.scheme was deployed, President Macron must now deliver.
:01:16. > :01:18.And there are already voices in France who doubt
:01:19. > :01:23.And, a property dispute dating back to the partition
:01:24. > :01:30.of India and Pakistan, 70 years ago.
:01:31. > :01:34.The Indian government is laying claim to my property saying
:01:35. > :01:47.We know there's a north-south divide in England.
:01:48. > :01:49.That's literally been noted since the 11th century.
:01:50. > :01:51.We also know your chance of dying prematurely is significantly higher
:01:52. > :01:56.But a paper published today raises some alarming
:01:57. > :01:59.questions about mortality, and its connection to economic
:02:00. > :02:05.It looks at data on five decades of death,
:02:06. > :02:10.about 25 million people in the midlands and north,
:02:11. > :02:12.about 25 million people in the Midlands and north,
:02:13. > :02:15.versus about 25 million people in London, the south and east.
:02:16. > :02:17.The good news is that premature deaths have plummeted north
:02:18. > :02:23.But the bad news is that over the years there's a persistently
:02:24. > :02:25.higher premature death rate in the north, despite
:02:26. > :02:32.And for those between mid-20s and mid-40s, prime age adults,
:02:33. > :02:39.Since the mid-90s, the north south gap has jumped.
:02:40. > :02:42.Lots of data to digest, Helen Thomas has been on Stoke
:02:43. > :03:05.Industrial decline, ailing city centres, a dwindling population.
:03:06. > :03:10.And, in contrast, a region, or more specifically a capital, ever
:03:11. > :03:16.greedier in taking the nation's jobs and wealth. It wouldn't be a piece
:03:17. > :03:21.of TV about the North-South divide without images of the North which
:03:22. > :03:26.suggest industrial decay. And chopping England into two contrast
:03:27. > :03:31.enhanced is a little bit cliched, and it is certainly crude. But this
:03:32. > :03:36.report highlights a particular issue. For decades, you have been
:03:37. > :03:41.more likely to die young if you live in the north. What is worrying is
:03:42. > :03:45.over the past 15 years or so, the grim outlook has got worse,
:03:46. > :03:53.specifically if you are a young adult. There is some good news. The
:03:54. > :03:58.University of Manchester looked at the mortality rate, or deaths per
:03:59. > :04:03.10,000 people under 75. It has fallen. But this graph shows the
:04:04. > :04:08.stubborn gap between the north and south of England. If you look at
:04:09. > :04:14.specific age groups, you see a surprising trend. Among 25 to
:04:15. > :04:19.34-year-olds, the gap had virtually closed 20 years ago. Since then it
:04:20. > :04:26.has grown considerably. The 35 to 44 age group is similar, but the gap is
:04:27. > :04:32.now even bigger. The question, is why? We didn't want to draw too much
:04:33. > :04:35.attention to the dealing with the intermediate factors, rather than
:04:36. > :04:40.the root causes, which are social and economic. But commonly, any
:04:41. > :04:46.group rise of death rate of people in that age are the diseases of
:04:47. > :04:52.despair. Alcohol-related, drug-related, suicide, violent
:04:53. > :04:56.deaths. His description is to wait government investment towards the
:04:57. > :05:01.north, a positive discrimination to build the economy. Other research
:05:02. > :05:06.has suggested that extra financial support isn't as important as
:05:07. > :05:12.encouraging healthier lifestyles. To invest in risks pastors alone is to
:05:13. > :05:18.ignore the underlying causes of early death. Which are accessed to
:05:19. > :05:23.resources in general, have good living conditions, more control of
:05:24. > :05:31.your own life, so you can make those healthy choices. So, is it time to
:05:32. > :05:34.relaunch the northern powerhouse? Efforts to rebalance the economy
:05:35. > :05:39.towards the North have largely failed, and measures specifically
:05:40. > :05:46.aimed at health have fared us badly. Targets set in 1997, to narrow
:05:47. > :05:52.health inequality between deprived and affluent areas were not met by
:05:53. > :05:57.2010. A report on Wye, called progress exceptionally slow.
:05:58. > :06:00.Staffordshire University's Centre for health and development is an
:06:01. > :06:08.unusual partnership with two local councils. The aim a new approach of
:06:09. > :06:13.tackling health inequality. Top-down investment is vital and we need more
:06:14. > :06:17.of it. However, we also need the bottom-up approach and we need to
:06:18. > :06:21.give people a voice in our community is actually to help direct that
:06:22. > :06:26.investment so it goes to the right places. We need to be looking and
:06:27. > :06:31.asking questions about quality of work and work life. This is working
:06:32. > :06:38.age cohort. What it is like to be unemployed in this day and age,
:06:39. > :06:42.impact about welfare reform, housing policies, education. Alcohol-related
:06:43. > :06:47.death rates have risen since the mid-19 90s. Consultant at Stoke
:06:48. > :06:53.University Hospital of Wales seen that first-hand. We are seeing more
:06:54. > :06:57.people and the age of people is younger because people are drinking
:06:58. > :07:01.at a younger age. We are seeing more women. There is more desperation.
:07:02. > :07:07.People don't drink because they want to, they drink because it is a way
:07:08. > :07:11.out. This is a big picture study about abroad, long-standing problem
:07:12. > :07:16.and it isn't clear what might change quickly. Very targeted programmes
:07:17. > :07:22.around obesity, mental health may help some people, but that risks
:07:23. > :07:26.missing the most entrenched divisions. Major structural changes
:07:27. > :07:28.to the economy may be the answer, but no one knows for sure and it
:07:29. > :07:31.certainly isn't a quick fix. Sir Michael Marmot is
:07:32. > :07:34.the Director of the UCL He is also responsible for drawing
:07:35. > :07:39.up the 2010 Marmot review which set out a six-point strategy
:07:40. > :07:50.for combating health inequality. Good evening. Let's go back to the
:07:51. > :07:56.beginning because we are used to premature death rates falling over
:07:57. > :08:01.the decades, why is that? It is good news, obviously. Because we are a
:08:02. > :08:06.richer society, everything is better, nutrition is better, housing
:08:07. > :08:11.is better, living conditions are better. Everything has improved.
:08:12. > :08:15.Fewer accidents at work and all of that. One of the things we haven't
:08:16. > :08:18.talked about, this report tallies with some stuff you have said but
:08:19. > :08:26.that has flattened off over the last few years so it is not falling any
:08:27. > :08:31.more? Yes, this is looking at premature mortality under age 70
:08:32. > :08:39.five. It has flattened. Flattened in the north and the South. It affects
:08:40. > :08:43.everybody, what is driving that? We speculated, we speculated that
:08:44. > :08:50.policies of austerity post 2010 decreased in adult social Claire
:08:51. > :08:53.daily-macro care spending, decrease in expenditure per person could play
:08:54. > :09:00.a role. We said it is urgent to investigate if it is related to it.
:09:01. > :09:07.Let's get to the north, south issue. There is a long-standing gap. What
:09:08. > :09:13.is the best succinct summary of what drives this gap because it is at all
:09:14. > :09:16.ages over the decades, there has been some percentage higher
:09:17. > :09:21.premature death in the North? We have some insight into it because
:09:22. > :09:27.when we look at mortality according to where you are in the social
:09:28. > :09:33.hierarchy. The lower you are in the social hierarchy defined by
:09:34. > :09:37.education, jobs or degradation, the higher the mortality. But the
:09:38. > :09:42.disadvantage of being low is bigger in the north and the South. Someone
:09:43. > :09:46.in the middle of the hierarchy has higher mortality than somebody at
:09:47. > :09:52.the top. But the access is bigger in the north and the South. If you are
:09:53. > :09:56.a poor person in the south, equally poor to someone else in the north,
:09:57. > :10:04.you will live longer in the south as that poor person in the North? You
:10:05. > :10:10.will, if you are professional. Why would that be because you said
:10:11. > :10:14.deprivation is driving this? Because what I identified in my review are
:10:15. > :10:19.worse in the north than they are in the south. We could look at child
:10:20. > :10:23.poverty. Let's take the first one on early childhood. Child poverty is
:10:24. > :10:29.worst in the north than in the south. We have talked about the
:10:30. > :10:32.importance of sure start children's centres. They funded by local
:10:33. > :10:42.government. The decrease in funding to local is bigger, it is bigger in
:10:43. > :10:47.the North than the South. Short start centres are closing in the
:10:48. > :10:53.North. This issue goes back to the 90s, it is not for ever, which is
:10:54. > :10:59.these younger, middle aged adults. 25 to 45 where you have seen a gap.
:11:00. > :11:05.The rates have improved, or not got much worse, but, much bigger gap,
:11:06. > :11:10.what is going on there? Let's go back ten years earlier. What we saw
:11:11. > :11:17.in the 1980s, the difference for 25 to 45-year-olds in the north and
:11:18. > :11:21.south was almost not there. But it was rising, mortality was rising
:11:22. > :11:27.both in the north and south, particularly young men. That was
:11:28. > :11:31.suicide, alcohol, file and deaths, the kind of disempowerment we saw
:11:32. > :11:36.just then in your clip. But then what happened, in the mid-90s,
:11:37. > :11:41.things improved in the south. Mortality started to decline and it
:11:42. > :11:45.didn't in the North. My speculation is, but disempowerment related to
:11:46. > :11:49.social economic conditions, persisted in the North when things
:11:50. > :11:54.were getting better in the south. That issue around drink, the death
:11:55. > :11:57.by despair, is part of what is going on in that group? Yes. If you will
:11:58. > :11:59.hang on there. Joining us from Leeds is Susie Brown
:12:00. > :12:03.the Chief Executive Officer at Zest, an organisation offering support
:12:04. > :12:05.to people living in disadvantaged areas of Yorkshire, and in Brighton
:12:06. > :12:07.is Christopher Snowdon the Head of Lifestyle Economics at
:12:08. > :12:22.the Institute of Economic Affairs. Suzy, just explain what you do and
:12:23. > :12:28.what you find and how successful what you do is? We have been working
:12:29. > :12:34.in disadvantaged areas of leads for 15 years and we try and level the
:12:35. > :12:37.playing field, essentially. So there is great inequality and
:12:38. > :12:42.disadvantaged areas. We offer a range of practical support and more
:12:43. > :12:46.general support as an example of the practical support we work with Jamie
:12:47. > :12:51.Oliver's Ministry of food. We have projects that teach cooking skills,
:12:52. > :12:54.healthy eating, budgeting and shopping to people, offering them
:12:55. > :13:02.the chance to learn to cook from scratch and lead a healthier
:13:03. > :13:06.lifestyle. Does it work? It does, it is strong evidence -based that shows
:13:07. > :13:12.it does make a huge difference to health outcomes. More generally, we
:13:13. > :13:16.offer people just general support and we are trying to lift them up
:13:17. > :13:20.and give them a leg up and inspire them to lead a more fulfilling life.
:13:21. > :13:29.Let me ask Christopher, I know you have a critique of certain bits of
:13:30. > :13:33.policy. It doesn't feel like policy has worked over the last 20 years in
:13:34. > :13:41.reducing these health disparities, what is going on? The health rates
:13:42. > :13:45.themselves have fallen over the last 15 years, certainly. I feel we are
:13:46. > :13:49.addressing a cold case, in a sense. It's not news in the normal sense of
:13:50. > :13:55.the word. We're looking at a specific portion of the population,
:13:56. > :14:00.men under the age of 45 and looking at wide death rates amongst those
:14:01. > :14:03.people rose in the mid to late 1990s. I don't know why that is, the
:14:04. > :14:10.author of the study says he's not sure why. We know what Michael
:14:11. > :14:14.Marmot has said, the main causes of death in that age, it is generally
:14:15. > :14:19.very low amongst people who are in their 20s and 30s anyway, but it is
:14:20. > :14:29.suicide, alcohol and drugs. You are right to describe these things as
:14:30. > :14:32.depths of despair. But income and economic growth are the great
:14:33. > :14:38.prophylactics for this. You see the North has less money and it has
:14:39. > :14:41.higher death rates and over time, society generally has got more
:14:42. > :14:47.prosperous and the death rate has fallen. But we have this anomaly in
:14:48. > :14:49.the north of England. In the 1990s specifically, I suspected drug
:14:50. > :14:57.overdose is significant and other things.
:14:58. > :15:05.But the gap is still there where there was no gap in that group to
:15:06. > :15:09.speak of in the 1980s. That is absolutely right. And there has been
:15:10. > :15:15.no recovery if you like. The rates have fallen very much since around
:15:16. > :15:21.2003 or so. But they have not caught up. And it seems whatever cause that
:15:22. > :15:26.spike in deaths in the 1990s is still having an effect and it would
:15:27. > :15:29.be useful to know what it is. But the studies have not pinpointed
:15:30. > :15:36.that. I do not think it is to do with austerity or the slowdown in
:15:37. > :15:46.economic growth. The mid to 1990s when deaths was biking, economy was
:15:47. > :15:51.in strong growth. Do you ever feel, one of the things that the paper
:15:52. > :15:56.suggests is that public health measures have done their bit in
:15:57. > :16:00.Victorian times with the sewers and vaccinations and the like and now
:16:01. > :16:04.many health measures are individual measures. The paper does not believe
:16:05. > :16:07.we should rely on individuals to look after themselves but do you
:16:08. > :16:11.ever feel you're just trying to basically tell people how to live
:16:12. > :16:16.their lives as individuals, it is not really so much a public health
:16:17. > :16:20.matter. I do not think we are telling people how to live, we work
:16:21. > :16:25.very much with people and offer a range of activities and groups aimed
:16:26. > :16:28.at lifting people and their self-esteem and confidence and
:16:29. > :16:33.giving them the tools to lift themselves perhaps out of a very bad
:16:34. > :16:37.place. If you walk around a deprived community you will see a lack of
:16:38. > :16:43.infrastructure perhaps, a lack of care, a lack of good things in that
:16:44. > :16:47.community. And if you're born into that or find yourself in that
:16:48. > :16:53.community, it is really hard to imagine ever getting out again.
:16:54. > :16:57.There is all this, on television we see these lives and young people in
:16:58. > :17:03.that community think that is not for me, I'm not somehow deserving of
:17:04. > :17:07.that. And people really do see themselves as never having the
:17:08. > :17:11.opportunity or the hope, they do not have the same aspiration to lift
:17:12. > :17:16.themselves up and we are trying to help from the bottom-up and help
:17:17. > :17:19.people out into better situation. Thank you all very much.
:17:20. > :17:22.Not long before we came on air, President Trump aimed some pretty
:17:23. > :17:23.threatening remarks towards North Korea.
:17:24. > :17:28.He was at an event where he was talking about drug
:17:29. > :17:35.addiction and was thrown a question about Korea.
:17:36. > :17:40.North Korea, best not make any more threats to the United States.
:17:41. > :17:49.They will be met with fire and fury, like the world has never seen.
:17:50. > :17:55.He has been very threatening beyond normal statement.
:17:56. > :17:59.And as I said, they will be met with fire, fury and frankly power.
:18:00. > :18:04.The likes of which this world has never seen before.
:18:05. > :18:11.Fire and fury might turn into one of those memorable Trump phrases.
:18:12. > :18:14.Those remarks follow a report in the Washington Post
:18:15. > :18:16.today that said the US Defense Intelligence Agency thinks
:18:17. > :18:19.North Korea has developed small nuclear warheads that can fit
:18:20. > :18:23.into its ballistic missiles, if those assessments are right,
:18:24. > :18:29.they would imply Kim Jong Un has crossed a crucial threshold.
:18:30. > :18:31.I'm joined by Mark Fitzpatrick who worked in the US Foreign Service
:18:32. > :18:35.for over 25 years and now is the Executive Director of the non
:18:36. > :18:45.nuclear proliferation organisation IISS-Americas.
:18:46. > :18:53.You have heard the comment, what do you make of them? This sounds like
:18:54. > :18:58.blustering. It sounds like the president does not know how to
:18:59. > :19:02.respond and when he does not know he responds with bluster. The United
:19:03. > :19:06.States is not going to attack North Korea, North Korea is not going to
:19:07. > :19:10.attack the US but these kind of statement and the kind of statements
:19:11. > :19:14.that North Korea has made ratchet up the tensions and could lead to
:19:15. > :19:22.misperceptions that could lead to war. Just tell us what North Korea,
:19:23. > :19:26.your assessment would be, what North Korea could do in terms of
:19:27. > :19:32.retaliation or pre-emptive strike if it wanted to using nuclear warheads?
:19:33. > :19:37.First of all there's no doubt North Korea has missiles that can reach
:19:38. > :19:43.anywhere in South Korea and Japan. And hit US bases there. I believe
:19:44. > :19:48.North Korea could mount a nuclear warhead on those missiles and they
:19:49. > :19:52.would have no trouble delivering it. That is the situation now for
:19:53. > :19:56.several years. Most recently of course North Korea has tested
:19:57. > :20:01.missiles that could reach parts of the continental United States but
:20:02. > :20:03.whether they are reliable enough and could survive the intense friction
:20:04. > :20:10.in the atmosphere, that is not known. Your question is what could
:20:11. > :20:14.North Korea do, they could start a war, a conventional war that could
:20:15. > :20:20.soon escalate into a nuclear war. They could try to attack US bases in
:20:21. > :20:24.Japan with a nuclear weapon and then threaten to attack the continental
:20:25. > :20:29.United States cities if the United States intervenes. And the
:20:30. > :20:35.Washington Post piece today seems to imply would get you more towards the
:20:36. > :20:41.continental US side of that beyond Japan and South Korea? Yes, that is
:20:42. > :20:44.a new assessment by apparently the defence intelligence agency. They
:20:45. > :20:49.said a couple of things that were worrying, that North Korea could
:20:50. > :20:54.mount could militarise warheads to fit their missiles. They also said
:20:55. > :20:58.it could be done with intercontinental ballistic missiles
:20:59. > :21:03.which is an assessment that goes beyond what they've said before.
:21:04. > :21:08.They also said North Korea might have to 60 nuclear weapons. That is
:21:09. > :21:12.three times more than most analysts believed. It sounds like worst-case
:21:13. > :21:18.analysis in that they are covering their bets. Altogether this is an
:21:19. > :21:23.issue that seems to be moving much more quickly, both the North Korean
:21:24. > :21:27.nuclear programme and the dynamics playing out. It seems to be much
:21:28. > :21:32.more quickly than anyone can remember and you wonder if it will
:21:33. > :21:37.stabilise and quite down or whether it builds up to something? It
:21:38. > :21:42.certainly has been moving more quickly, in the last couple of years
:21:43. > :21:46.with North Korea and they're very robust, rapid pace of testing of
:21:47. > :21:52.missiles. That has escalated this year. And now the rhetorical
:21:53. > :21:56.responses and assessments. But so far responses are rhetoric and we
:21:57. > :22:01.have to step back a minute and look at what the secretary of state Rex
:22:02. > :22:05.Tillerson said a couple of days ago, that the United States is not the
:22:06. > :22:09.enemy of North Korea and has no intention of attacking, willing to
:22:10. > :22:14.talk to North Korea if it is willing to stand down. So the United States
:22:15. > :22:18.is not adopting a threatening posture but when the North Koreans
:22:19. > :22:22.hear the kind of rhetoric of fire and fury, they might think the
:22:23. > :22:26.United States is getting ready to attack and they might pre-emptively
:22:27. > :22:30.attack on their own. That is a real concern. Thanks very much indeed.
:22:31. > :22:32.A big day in South Africa, President Jacob Zuma,
:22:33. > :22:34.tainted by corruption allegations and an inappropriately close
:22:35. > :22:37.relationship to a wealthy business family, the Guptas,
:22:38. > :22:40.faced a vote of no confidence in the South African parliament.
:22:41. > :22:42.It was a secret ballot, so members of his own
:22:43. > :22:50.party could knife him in the back without detection.
:22:51. > :22:54.It was quite a moment - MPs waited for the result of the vote.
:22:55. > :22:57.Those on both sides engaged in some competitive singing of a kind
:22:58. > :23:00.that we might think should be introduced here.
:23:01. > :23:12.In the end, Zuma survived the vote, but it seems tens of MPs
:23:13. > :23:18.Opponents said it's the end of the ANC, a party split,
:23:19. > :23:22.and public opinion turning against it.
:23:23. > :23:24.It might be just such a turning point in South Africa's history,
:23:25. > :23:28.but it takes a brave punter to bet against the ANC.
:23:29. > :23:30.Shortly after the vote, I managed to catch a few minutes
:23:31. > :23:33.with the Chief Whip of the ANC, Jackson Methembu.
:23:34. > :23:35.I suggested the close vote of confidence, didn't suggest
:23:36. > :23:40.there's much confidence in the President.
:23:41. > :23:45.The decision of the National Executive committee
:23:46. > :23:51.is that the president is not going anywhere.
:23:52. > :23:54.And indeed this is what we have been able to do today when in fact
:23:55. > :23:59.there was a motion by the opposition to remove our president
:24:00. > :24:03.and as a consequence also our government from office.
:24:04. > :24:05.Right, well you have, you've won the vote today,
:24:06. > :24:07.no one is going to deny you that victory.
:24:08. > :24:13.And the truth is the country is against the president
:24:14. > :24:24.and by keeping him in power you are damaging the ANC?
:24:25. > :24:26.-- ANC's image with the people of South Africa?
:24:27. > :24:28.I can assure you that the opposite is true.
:24:29. > :24:31.If we were to vote ourselves out of office at the behest
:24:32. > :24:39.of the opposition, the people who voted for the ANC,
:24:40. > :24:41.the 11 million people of our country, would have been very
:24:42. > :24:48.Because we would have given the opposition on a silver platter
:24:49. > :24:58.I'm so sorry, the opposition have a reason to dethrone
:24:59. > :25:04.It is on a platter and it is all the allegations of corruption
:25:05. > :25:09.against him which are widely believed in South Africa.
:25:10. > :25:12.And by keeping him in you have effectively said have you not,
:25:13. > :25:15.you have effectively said we're not that worried about the
:25:16. > :25:22.We acknowledge the concerns and legitimate anxieties
:25:23. > :25:28.of our people around issues of corruption.
:25:29. > :25:33.We ourselves have said around these matters we need
:25:34. > :25:35.as a matter of urgency, as a country, to institute
:25:36. > :25:43.So that all those who are found to be on the wrong side
:25:44. > :25:57.of the law, they must then face the consequences.
:25:58. > :25:59.If after the investigation indeed President Jacob Zuma is amongst
:26:00. > :26:02.those, then at that stage we can talk but not at this time
:26:03. > :26:04.when it is only innuendo and all sorts of generalities.
:26:05. > :26:07.That have been strung together to remove our president.
:26:08. > :26:10.It is a little more than innuendo, isn't it, because of the very least
:26:11. > :26:16.we know about the cattle enclosure, the amphitheatre, the swimming pool
:26:17. > :26:21.But putting that aside, where does this leave your party
:26:22. > :26:22.because quite clearly, not everyone in your
:26:23. > :26:35.Today the fifth of your Parliamentary party did not
:26:36. > :26:39.Your party is now in a very disunited place, is it not?
:26:40. > :26:42.Well, you do not need to be a rocket scientist to know that our party
:26:43. > :26:47.is working on the disunity of the African National Congress.
:26:48. > :26:50.It is something that we have been working on, it is something
:26:51. > :26:53.that we have been speaking to and again it is a matter
:26:54. > :26:59.Indeed we are disunited but all of us have agreed that we need
:27:00. > :27:02.to put all our differences aside and deal with the issues that
:27:03. > :27:14.One of those issues are allegations of corruption,
:27:15. > :27:22.Thank you very much for talking to us.
:27:23. > :27:25.Lebo Diseko is the presenter of the BBC World programme,
:27:26. > :27:40.Is this the big moment for the ANC? It certainly is. We heard Jackson
:27:41. > :27:45.saying even in the disunity, even trying to defend the ANC he has got
:27:46. > :27:49.to admit it is disunited. The difference this time, there have
:27:50. > :27:54.been several attempts to bring a vote of no-confidence against
:27:55. > :27:59.president. And this time he faced a battle from within. With the
:28:00. > :28:05.majority that the ANC holds for this vote to pass, for him to hang on,
:28:06. > :28:11.with just such a small majority, is quite something. He said it is just
:28:12. > :28:16.innuendo, we need to investigate these charges he conceded public
:28:17. > :28:23.anger needs to be responded to. Is it just innuendo? I think we need to
:28:24. > :28:26.be careful because there are charges that were dropped, that had been
:28:27. > :28:34.brought back, that still really have not been proved. He spoke about the
:28:35. > :28:39.allegations around his house and the public protector said he should pay
:28:40. > :28:46.back some of the money, not all. But the big thing that has forced this
:28:47. > :28:50.vote or lead to this being broad, allegations around his relationship
:28:51. > :28:53.with this wealthy family. And basically the allegation that the
:28:54. > :28:57.family from a different country has come to South Africa and spent a lot
:28:58. > :29:02.of money on the presidential family and are now influencing government
:29:03. > :29:07.policy and basically influencing the way the country is run. So yeah that
:29:08. > :29:10.face state capture again and again. The most interesting political
:29:11. > :29:11.experiment in Europe There's a new President,
:29:12. > :29:16.Emmanuel Macron, he's pro Europe, He's the envy of many remainers
:29:17. > :29:20.here, who wish we had one like that. Perhaps the biggest question
:29:21. > :29:22.for Europe right now Will he revitalise the radical
:29:23. > :29:26.centre ground of politics, in a way that other countries then
:29:27. > :29:28.want to follow? Well, he came to power in May,
:29:29. > :29:33.just as our election became exciting and while he has been settling
:29:34. > :29:36.into his job, we have But we can rectify that now,
:29:37. > :29:42.Mark Urban reports from Macron's Amiens Cathedral gets the son
:29:43. > :29:55.et lumiere treatment Bright colour projected
:29:56. > :30:01.onto its 13th century facade. The place regains its original
:30:02. > :30:04.appearance, to the amazement This is Emmanuel Macron's city,
:30:05. > :30:13.both his birthplace and the cradle Which now seeks to restore
:30:14. > :30:20.the fortunes of France. After an extraordinary campaign,
:30:21. > :30:23.in which an entirely new political colour scheme was deployed,
:30:24. > :30:29.President Macron must now deliver. And there are already
:30:30. > :30:33.voices in France who doubt In particular, recent polls
:30:34. > :30:39.show Macron performing poorly in the pantheon
:30:40. > :30:50.of previous presidents. TRANSLATION: We measured
:30:51. > :30:53.the approval rating of every French president since 1958
:30:54. > :30:54.and it is with one exception the biggest fall
:30:55. > :30:57.in the summer of first term. The previous fall of that size
:30:58. > :31:06.was that of Chirac in 1995. For an example of how
:31:07. > :31:11.the mood has changed, Delighted that the old game of Reds
:31:12. > :31:16.versus Gaullist blue had been outplayed by a new centrist
:31:17. > :31:19.movement, they turned But cuts to their housing allowance
:31:20. > :31:30.are already causing grumbling. TRANSLATION: For students
:31:31. > :31:33.the elections are now over. Not everyone was interested
:31:34. > :31:36.in the first place. But those that wearable more or less
:31:37. > :31:40.happy with the result. But now they're interested in things
:31:41. > :31:42.that really impact them like finding somewhere to live,
:31:43. > :31:45.finding a course that suits them. And the cuts to housing benefit
:31:46. > :31:47.which will mean less Not all is what it seems
:31:48. > :31:54.with Macron's brilliant victory. Many voted against Le Pen rather
:31:55. > :31:59.than for him as president. And in the battle for parliamentary
:32:00. > :32:05.seats, much of France abstained. In one sense it feels ludicrous
:32:06. > :32:09.to be looking for any real change in this society,
:32:10. > :32:13.so conservative in defence of its social model, just three
:32:14. > :32:17.months into this new presidency. As one Amienois said
:32:18. > :32:21.to me earlier today, And voices are beginning
:32:22. > :32:28.to be raised, questioning the new president and what he's up
:32:29. > :32:32.to and those voices are even coming A dissident group within
:32:33. > :32:39.the En Marche party has been established and already
:32:40. > :32:44.has its critique. TRANSLATION: What I have
:32:45. > :32:47.against this government and the National Assembly
:32:48. > :32:49.is that they are confusing We could have taken the time
:32:50. > :32:54.to prepare the ground Instead of rushing them
:32:55. > :33:04.through in the summer. Others have tried to get reforms
:33:05. > :33:08.through during recess, to push them through,
:33:09. > :33:22.and it's never good. At the Bastille day parade,
:33:23. > :33:25.the president played host to Donald Trump
:33:26. > :33:28.which annoyed the left. And kept things just
:33:29. > :33:33.about civil with an army chief who he then fired,
:33:34. > :33:36.annoying the right. The hard choices of governing have
:33:37. > :33:38.inevitably taken some TRANSLATION: You have public sector
:33:39. > :33:48.workers who have had their salaries frozen then retired people
:33:49. > :33:54.who are having their taxes increase. frozen then retired people who are
:33:55. > :33:57.having their taxes increased. And certain workers,
:33:58. > :33:58.largely on the left, who are against the reform
:33:59. > :34:02.of the labour market. Then on the right the part
:34:03. > :34:04.of the electorate who didn't like Macron's attitude
:34:05. > :34:06.towards the head of the armed So it's an amalgamation
:34:07. > :34:10.of grievances that have come Back in Amien, we asked two founder
:34:11. > :34:15.members of En Marche how they see the coming months
:34:16. > :34:17.for their president. TRANSLATION: It's going to be tough
:34:18. > :34:21.because if Macron is going to be able to keep his campaign promises
:34:22. > :34:28.he needs to get significant reforms through and reform
:34:29. > :34:30.in France is difficult. Strong opposition from
:34:31. > :34:38.Melenchon and certain unions TRANSLATION: We activists need
:34:39. > :34:49.to take on an educational role, to explain to French people
:34:50. > :34:52.what is happening, why certain choices are being made and of course
:34:53. > :34:55.to counter all the fake news If he is to keep the support
:34:56. > :35:00.of the National audience, Macron then will have to rediscover
:35:01. > :35:03.the energy shown in his But with strikes already
:35:04. > :35:09.called for September, and enemies gathering,
:35:10. > :35:15.that will not be easy. Next week marks the seventieth
:35:16. > :35:18.anniversary of Indian independence and the partition of the country
:35:19. > :35:21.into Hindu-majority India It was the biggest forced
:35:22. > :35:30.migration in history, as millions of muslims and hindus
:35:31. > :35:33.who were to be left in the wrong country so to speak,
:35:34. > :35:35.moved to where they would be The partition was bathed
:35:36. > :35:38.in death and tragedy, and we'll be looking back at it
:35:39. > :35:41.on this programme next week - But thousands of those
:35:42. > :35:51.who chose to remain, Hindus in Pakistan, Muslims
:35:52. > :35:54.in India, are still living with the consequences of that separation,
:35:55. > :35:56.deemed "enemies" of the nation Our South Asia correspondent,
:35:57. > :36:00.Justin Rowlatt, has met one Indian man who's spent the last 40 years
:36:01. > :36:08.fighting to save his inheritance. I am known as Suliman
:36:09. > :36:12.to family and friends. I am from a Muslim family which once
:36:13. > :36:17.ruled a very large feudal estate, including a beautiful palace,
:36:18. > :36:35.which we still live. But the Indian government is laying
:36:36. > :36:38.claim to my property, No one is paying for it, so these
:36:39. > :36:57.days everything is crumbling. This dispute goes back to 1947,
:36:58. > :37:02.the partition of India, into two states, a Muslim majority
:37:03. > :37:06.state called Pakistan and a Hindu It was estimated that
:37:07. > :37:20.1 million people died. Some Muslims went to
:37:21. > :37:28.the state of Pakistan. It was not just the country that was
:37:29. > :37:40.divided, families were divided too. In the late 50s, my father took
:37:41. > :37:44.Pakistani nationality and that is Because when India and Pakistan
:37:45. > :37:52.went to war in 1965, the government laid claim
:37:53. > :37:57.to our properties. There was an act of Parliament
:37:58. > :38:02.called the Enemy Property Act, which empowered the government
:38:03. > :38:05.to take over, temporarily, It was not just our family
:38:06. > :38:16.which was affected, thousands The properties are worth
:38:17. > :38:27.billions of dollars. But, our issue is, that only my
:38:28. > :38:30.father took Pakistani nationality. We had to fight our case
:38:31. > :38:51.from the lowest to the highest court And the Supreme Court
:38:52. > :38:57.judge said, that by no stretch of the imagination,
:38:58. > :39:01.could I be considered an enemy and considered me the heir
:39:02. > :39:04.to my father's properties. But then the government
:39:05. > :39:10.went and change the laws But then the government went
:39:11. > :39:12.and changed the laws I suppose, like so many people
:39:13. > :39:25.in India and Pakistan, we are still caught up
:39:26. > :39:31.in the repercussions of partition and the acrimonious relations
:39:32. > :39:43.between India and Pakistan. In a way, I have been forced
:39:44. > :39:48.to live in the past. And with apologies to Yates,
:39:49. > :39:51.I feel as if I'm drowning in their beauty that has long
:39:52. > :40:08.since faded from this earth. That report was produced
:40:09. > :40:11.by Justin Rowlatt. Now, as I said earlier next Tuesday
:40:12. > :40:14.marks 70 years since partition of British India and Kirsty will be
:40:15. > :40:16.presenting a special Newsnight that evening,
:40:17. > :40:18.to mark the anniversary. It'll come from the BBC radio
:40:19. > :40:21.theatre, and feature some who lived through the division,
:40:22. > :40:23.as well as leading political We'll look at the history
:40:24. > :40:28.and the effects of partition in the present, on India,
:40:29. > :40:30.Pakistan and the UK. In the last hour the death
:40:31. > :40:41.has been announced of the country singing legend -
:40:42. > :40:44.Glen Campbell - he was 81 and had been suffering
:40:45. > :40:46.from Alzheimer's disease. Campbell was a self-taught prodigy
:40:47. > :40:49.and pulled himself out of poverty We leave you with one
:40:50. > :40:56.of his greatest songs... # I am a lineman for the county
:40:57. > :41:18.and I drive the main road. # Searchin' in the sun
:41:19. > :41:27.for another overload. # I hear you singin' in the wire,
:41:28. > :41:39.I can hear you through the whine. # And the Wichita Lineman
:41:40. > :41:50.is still on the line.