:00:15. > :00:20.Welcome to Outside Source. It is an hour of international news. We are
:00:21. > :00:24.going to start in Iraq. The Army is trying to recapture Ramadi from
:00:25. > :00:29.so-called Islamic State. We will talk to a journalist who is just
:00:30. > :00:34.back. This is a big moment for the space industry, a rocket launch
:00:35. > :00:39.landing back on Earth. If that can be repeated, it will radically cut
:00:40. > :00:44.the cost of some space operations. We will get into why Apple isn't
:00:45. > :00:49.happy with the planned law on surveillance and we will talk to BBC
:00:50. > :00:53.Chinese about a series of disasters in China caused by human error, the
:00:54. > :00:57.latest being an enormous landslide on Sunday. Over 70 people are
:00:58. > :01:01.missing. If you are watching and online at the same time, you can use
:01:02. > :01:18.this hashtag. We will pick up your messages.
:01:19. > :01:24.This is arguably the single biggest most important message against
:01:25. > :01:28.Islamic State at the moment. He is update from the breaking feed on
:01:29. > :01:32.Twitter, telling us that Iraqi forces are advancing into the centre
:01:33. > :01:36.of the city of Ramadi, trying to take it from Islamic State,
:01:37. > :01:43.according to Iraqi officials. Ramadi has been in control of my S --
:01:44. > :01:49.control of IS since May. It is a key transit point for Islamic State
:01:50. > :01:54.fighters and it is close to the capital, Baghdad. Retaking it is
:01:55. > :01:58.going to be particularly complicated because a large number of civilians
:01:59. > :02:03.have continued to live there. The areas in blue are being contested at
:02:04. > :02:07.the moment between the army and IS but the areas marked in red are
:02:08. > :02:12.still controlled by Islamic State. The job is far from done. Ayman
:02:13. > :02:22.Oghanna is a journalist just back from Ramadi full Vice News. We will
:02:23. > :02:26.hear from him in a moment. Iraqi special forces have moved to take
:02:27. > :02:33.the whole west of the city. Now all that separates them is the river.
:02:34. > :02:37.Right now, with a sniper team exchanging fire with Isis. He spent
:02:38. > :02:43.six days in Ramadi and got back on Thursday. I have been talking to him
:02:44. > :02:50.about what the Iraqi army have to do to get IS out of the city. The areas
:02:51. > :02:55.I was in was a bit less complicated because they were not heavily
:02:56. > :02:58.populated. IS have been preventing civilians from leaving the areas
:02:59. > :03:03.they are operating in now, which will make it more difficult.
:03:04. > :03:06.Earlier, Iraqi security forces were reliant on intense air strikes and
:03:07. > :03:11.civilians being in there makes it more difficult for air strikes. I
:03:12. > :03:16.was watching the latest report and you filmed one bit where the people
:03:17. > :03:20.you are with our calling in air strikes. It looked like the
:03:21. > :03:24.operation was well oiled. The people on the ground said that a big
:03:25. > :03:29.difference was Russian intervention in Syria earlier this year, leading
:03:30. > :03:34.to a dramatic, notable increase in coalition support, US support,
:03:35. > :03:40.supporting them on the ground. The people you were with were not the
:03:41. > :03:47.Iraqi army. They were special forces, also known as the golden
:03:48. > :03:52.division. They are a nonsectarian unit, with Sunni, Shia, Kurdish and
:03:53. > :03:56.Christian commanders. While this will be a big victory for the
:03:57. > :04:00.Iraqis, it will be the first they will have done since IS into the
:04:01. > :04:05.country without Shia militia supporting them. That is because
:04:06. > :04:09.this unit is so close to the US and is a nonsectarian unit. It is a city
:04:10. > :04:16.which is very difficult to report from. What would you share with all
:04:17. > :04:21.of us about it? What is it like their under IS control and under
:04:22. > :04:24.this military pressure? The areas I saw were different from the ones we
:04:25. > :04:29.are talking about now because there were not many civilians. IS have
:04:30. > :04:37.been preventing civilians leaving where they want to go now. Ramadi,
:04:38. > :04:42.unlike other places, like Sinjar,, the Iraqis are fighting the city.
:04:43. > :04:47.The resistance there is local. Ramadi people are fighting and
:04:48. > :04:50.resisting. They always have. They resisted the US, Saddam Hussein
:04:51. > :04:55.found it difficult. It will not be easy. There are a large number of
:04:56. > :05:02.home-made IEDs, home-made explosives. Lots of booby traps,
:05:03. > :05:11.things to slow them down. And also huge piles of medication. They had
:05:12. > :05:16.quite sophisticated combat outposts with flying positions and tunnels so
:05:17. > :05:20.they could avoid air strikes, leading to a field hospital and
:05:21. > :05:24.quite sophisticated operations. Some of the military commanders I was
:05:25. > :05:28.with were impressed and said, they are operating how I would operate.
:05:29. > :05:33.There seems to be some military expertise and background among some
:05:34. > :05:37.of the IS fighters. Much is said about the fact that Islamic State or
:05:38. > :05:41.a different kind of enemy but your impression of what some of its
:05:42. > :05:46.fighters left behind, did it look like a different enemy or did it
:05:47. > :05:50.look recognisably like a regulation military force? Ten years ago,
:05:51. > :05:54.Ramadi was the capital of Al-Qaeda leader in Iraq, and that went on to
:05:55. > :06:00.become IS, so there is a continuity between them. They are operating in
:06:01. > :06:05.a way which a conventional force would. What makes them different is
:06:06. > :06:09.that they use terrorism is a battlefield weapon, which is very
:06:10. > :06:12.effective if you have an armoured car driving towards you full of
:06:13. > :06:18.explosives. If one gets through, that can do a lot of damage. If you
:06:19. > :06:22.would like to see his full report from Ramadi, just put Ramadi and
:06:23. > :06:28.Vice News into any search engine. Let's turn to a really big milestone
:06:29. > :06:33.for the private space industry. Elon Musk is one of the world's
:06:34. > :06:39.best-known tech entrepreneurs. Space company. He is a tweet from his
:06:40. > :06:43.earlier, saying that his Falcon rocket has landed at Cape Canaveral
:06:44. > :06:48.and he says, welcome back, baby. He is referring to this, it is the
:06:49. > :06:52.first time his company has successfully landed a space rocket
:06:53. > :06:56.after a mission. In the middle of that orange glow, that is what is
:06:57. > :07:00.happening. If they can pull this off on a regular basis, it will bring
:07:01. > :07:03.down the cost of running operations to the International Space Station,
:07:04. > :07:08.which relies on a steady stream of supplies. If you want to understand
:07:09. > :07:13.the customer locations of this, the German tech journalist Stefan
:07:14. > :07:18.Doerner put this online earlier. The rocket costs in the region of $54
:07:19. > :07:25.million to build but it will only cost $200,000 to refuel. If that is
:07:26. > :07:30.now an option. Spacex has released a graphic explaining what it does. We
:07:31. > :07:34.can pull it up. The graphic is good. Try not to be distracted by the fact
:07:35. > :07:39.that the rocket is a pencil and the Empire State Building also features!
:07:40. > :07:43.Here it is taking off. The rocket goes up into the air and reaches the
:07:44. > :07:48.point that Spacex calls stage separation. It has two engines,
:07:49. > :07:53.stage one to do the heavy lifting to the outer parts of the atmosphere,
:07:54. > :07:58.stage two after the separation when it goes deeper into space. The key
:07:59. > :08:01.thing is what happens to the IS it. Play it a bit more and you will see
:08:02. > :08:09.it performing what it is calling a flip manoeuvre. It is calling it a
:08:10. > :08:15.flip manoeuvre because the same thruster that pushed it up into the
:08:16. > :08:20.air then helps it come back down to earth and to land safely. The Empire
:08:21. > :08:23.State Building doesn't help the understanding, but let's not dwell
:08:24. > :08:29.on that. Spacex isn't the first company to pull off this trip.
:08:30. > :08:34.Amazon founder Jeff Bezos doesn't tweet very often, this is his fifth
:08:35. > :08:37.ever, clearly he feels it is important, and he says,
:08:38. > :08:40.congratulations to Spacex, welcome to the club. The point he is trying
:08:41. > :08:44.to make is not just that he is already in the club but that he sees
:08:45. > :08:52.himself as its founding member, because last month his company
:08:53. > :08:57.landed a rocket. This is what the Blue Origin New Shepherd rockets did
:08:58. > :09:00.last month. It is smaller, didn't go as high, didn't perform a flip
:09:01. > :09:07.manoeuvre, but nonetheless impressive. Here is the Spacex
:09:08. > :09:13.Falcon coming down. Spacex has a $1.6 billion contract with Nasa and
:09:14. > :09:18.big government contracts are what both of these companies are
:09:19. > :09:20.interested in. Let's get the analysis from Gerry Gilmore,
:09:21. > :09:26.professor of experimental philosophy at Cambridge university. Here is his
:09:27. > :09:31.reaction to the videos I have shown you. Space is big business. There
:09:32. > :09:37.are maybe 100 launches per year around the world in rockets and a
:09:38. > :09:40.bunch of different sizes. The key goal is for commercial operators to
:09:41. > :10:24.take over from governments and make a profit on these things.
:10:25. > :10:32.They could in principle give people a commercial advantage, which is the
:10:33. > :10:38.Gulf War. Space is a multi-hundred billion dollar industry every year
:10:39. > :10:41.and growing very fast. This is potentially big business. Most
:10:42. > :10:46.rockets launched by the Russians. The Chinese and Americans next equal
:10:47. > :10:54.roughly. Then there is the Europeans, then Japan, not far
:10:55. > :10:59.behind, and India is coming on. A lot of agencies around the world are
:11:00. > :11:04.in this business. But it is a commercial business and they can
:11:05. > :11:09.drop their costs by 25% and also reduce waste, which is a nontrivial
:11:10. > :11:13.deal. So everybody is going for that commercial advantage. If you were
:11:14. > :11:18.watching yesterday, we reported on that awful landslide in China on
:11:19. > :11:37.Sunday. In a few minutes, we will update you on what is happening with
:11:38. > :11:42.Here in the UK, some homes and businesses in Cumbria have flooded
:11:43. > :11:49.for the third time this month after more heavy rain. The river Eden
:11:50. > :11:50.burst its banks in the village of Appleby, more than 20 flood warnings
:11:51. > :12:04.in place. The situation is we have had about
:12:05. > :12:06.30 homes affected, five persons evacuated from a premises.
:12:07. > :12:11.Thankfully it stopped raining and the water levels are now hopefully
:12:12. > :12:17.starting to subside. So hopefully we will start to have some normality.
:12:18. > :12:22.Green the second time in two weeks, you were in Carlisle hoping --
:12:23. > :12:28.happen with the efforts there. Yes, it is very sad this has happened
:12:29. > :12:30.again. The residents of Appleby have been devastated by these
:12:31. > :12:41.floodwaters, particularly at this time of the year, it is very sad.
:12:42. > :12:47.We are live here in the BBC newsroom, our lead story at the
:12:48. > :12:54.moment, the Iraqi government forces are advancing into the centre of
:12:55. > :12:59.Ramadi, a city held by the so-called Islamic state. Some of the main
:13:00. > :13:02.stories from BBC World Service. A chartered aircraft carrying Indian
:13:03. > :13:09.security staff has crashed in Delhi, killing all ten people on board. The
:13:10. > :13:14.fire in Sao Paulo has destroyed parts of an historic 19th-century
:13:15. > :13:19.railway station, which now houses a popular museum. One fireman was
:13:20. > :13:22.killed in the blaze. BBC Brasil has the detail. Passengers have been
:13:23. > :13:27.rescued after being stuck on this ride in the world, Florida. It
:13:28. > :13:32.malfunctioned, evidently. They were there for two hours, far from ideal,
:13:33. > :13:39.given that it is 122 metres tall. Fortunately everyone got out safely.
:13:40. > :13:45.Next, we have a come session you will want to hear, our chief
:13:46. > :13:49.international respondent has been speaking to the Pakistani activist
:13:50. > :13:55.who became world famous after being attacked by the Caliban. We are also
:13:56. > :13:59.going to hear from someone who met Moala in a Jordanian refugee camp
:14:00. > :14:21.last year. They became friends and here they are together.
:14:22. > :14:26.The biggest news is her family are being resettled here in Newcastle, a
:14:27. > :14:34.long way from Syria. It was the happiest moment of my
:14:35. > :14:38.life. The happiest moment
:14:39. > :14:41.was when I heard Muzoon was here. I remember seeing the refugee
:14:42. > :14:43.camp and the situation Everything is difficult
:14:44. > :14:48.but I will work hard on my problems At any time and place,
:14:49. > :14:52.I will fight for education. Both of you have been watching how
:14:53. > :15:01.hundreds of thousands of refugees, migrants, a lot of them Syrians
:15:02. > :15:04.are fleeing towards Europe. Some of us could not understand it
:15:05. > :15:08.because we have not If you think of what is happening
:15:09. > :15:12.in Syria, those people If we are not welcoming to them,
:15:13. > :15:17.if these countries are not welcoming to them, then these people have
:15:18. > :15:20.nowhere to live. If every country, for example,
:15:21. > :15:24.decides to take 50,000 and there are 80 countries
:15:25. > :15:27.at the decide, I took a calculator and said -
:15:28. > :15:32.this is how many refugees are there. If each country take 50,000
:15:33. > :15:39.or 25,000 this number can divide. Malala was in Jordan this summer
:15:40. > :15:46.to visit Muzoon in her refugee camp. The teenager who urged parents
:15:47. > :15:52.to educate their daughters, A third of marriages in these camps
:15:53. > :16:01.now include a child bride. More people in the camp stop
:16:02. > :16:04.education and they think education not important and more parents
:16:05. > :16:10.they think because they customs and traditions they think
:16:11. > :16:14.when I will marry my daughter Is the problem
:16:15. > :16:25.getting worse? Now that they're both in Britain,
:16:26. > :16:34.they'll work more closely on their new project to educate
:16:35. > :16:36.Syrian girls. There is also a lot
:16:37. > :16:54.of homework to finish. Let's go back to that landslide in
:16:55. > :16:59.southern China. We were talking about this yesterday, an awful
:17:00. > :17:03.events. These are some of the latest pictures that we have. We know one
:17:04. > :17:07.person has died. When I tell you that more are 70 people missing,
:17:08. > :17:12.unfortunately it is almost certain that the death toll will rise. This
:17:13. > :17:17.happened on Sunday. A huge heap of soil and Dave Greig slid across an
:17:18. > :17:24.industrial park, but this is far from the first disaster that has
:17:25. > :17:29.been caused by human error there in June, a ship sank in the Yangtze
:17:30. > :17:34.river and 442 people died. Another significant story that we covered in
:17:35. > :17:40.August, massive explosions in Tianjin, 173 people dying. It is
:17:41. > :17:44.possible to see these incidents as part of a broader problem in China.
:17:45. > :17:51.I will be talking to BBC Chinese about whether that is a widely held
:17:52. > :17:55.perception. If you track social media reactions, people are
:17:56. > :18:00.demanding accountability. Looking back for this year, a series of
:18:01. > :18:06.man-made disasters. For these specifics, the latest one in
:18:07. > :18:10.Tianjin, because the heap of soil had been put there for over a year,
:18:11. > :18:14.and previously the environmental agency and even surveyors questioned
:18:15. > :18:22.whether that was the right place to dump all the dirt and debris.
:18:23. > :18:29.Obviously it has fallen on deaf ears, no action was taken and now
:18:30. > :18:34.the public are just asking how much more -- how many more lives will be
:18:35. > :18:37.lost before action is taken. The government may be forced to take
:18:38. > :18:43.action by the legal service, but does it take action in terms of
:18:44. > :18:46.regulation? If you look at previous disasters, we can see that
:18:47. > :18:51.high-ranking officers were sacked, but obviously that didn't cure the
:18:52. > :18:58.problem. China faces rapid economic growth. That is the key criteria for
:18:59. > :19:01.local government officials, for their promotion, for their
:19:02. > :19:05.achievements, they will be judged on their own career. But the potential
:19:06. > :19:13.hazard has probably been swept under the carpet, and it has exploded down
:19:14. > :19:17.the road, and we have seen there is growing awareness from the Chinese
:19:18. > :19:21.public asking for the respect of life, so there is a growing
:19:22. > :19:27.awareness. The Chinese public are aware of that but how much
:19:28. > :19:33.culpability for the local government to take actions and heed orders from
:19:34. > :19:38.Beijing, that is still a question. But the public is getting impatient
:19:39. > :19:45.in a way, asking how many more lives will be lost. Time for business.
:19:46. > :19:51.There are concerns Apple has about a proposed law in the UK which will
:19:52. > :19:55.change how authorities access people's communication. It is called
:19:56. > :20:00.the investigatory Powers Bill, and encryption is one of the most
:20:01. > :20:06.important parts. Let me enlist the help of Michel flurry in New York.
:20:07. > :20:11.First of all, what is Apple and other companies doing with
:20:12. > :20:15.encryption? One of the things that companies offer is encryption so,
:20:16. > :20:21.for example, and your iPhone, on your tablet computer, many of those
:20:22. > :20:27.use encryption. If you sent an e-mail, it is very hard for somebody
:20:28. > :20:31.else to get access to the data. In fact, the technology that most
:20:32. > :20:34.companies in Silicon Valley use these days means that even the
:20:35. > :20:39.company itself has no access to the data. What British authorities want
:20:40. > :20:45.is for a back door to be created that would allow intelligence
:20:46. > :20:49.services the ability to kind of get access to encrypted messages. But
:20:50. > :20:54.the concern, at least from the point of view of Apple, is that this would
:20:55. > :20:59.weaken security for millions of people. When you say it would weaken
:21:00. > :21:02.it, that means that, if I was using encrypted messages but the new back
:21:03. > :21:08.door was put in, somebody might want to hack or to access that, they
:21:09. > :21:13.would find it easier? It is simple, if you are a hacker, you will focus
:21:14. > :21:18.on whatever is the point of weakness. So if a back door is
:21:19. > :21:22.created, the idea is, well, if that can be used for security to be
:21:23. > :21:26.accessed, what is to stop them from finding a way to break through that
:21:27. > :21:30.way? That is the argument Apple are using. There is another argument you
:21:31. > :21:36.could put forward, which is that it raises privacy issues and worries.
:21:37. > :21:40.In the meantime, other big times in Silicon Valley, like Microsoft, are
:21:41. > :21:44.saying, hang on a second, wouldn't we benefit from an international
:21:45. > :21:49.approach rather than having individual countries trying to
:21:50. > :21:54.discover -- develop different approaches? It is worth adding that
:21:55. > :21:58.those who support this proposed bill in the UK argue that it is necessary
:21:59. > :22:01.to provide security measures to keep everybody safe. As you may have
:22:02. > :22:07.noticed, we have a big Christmas tree. Every Christmas, there is a
:22:08. > :22:11.tension -- a tension between shops and online retailers. Some
:22:12. > :22:15.businesses try and sit on both sides of the divide but not all of them
:22:16. > :22:20.can manage it. It's an interesting report from Spencer Kelly all about
:22:21. > :22:25.one shop which is trying to learn from Amazon, eBay and the others.
:22:26. > :22:29.The Dandy lab in trendy east London may look like an ordinary posh shop,
:22:30. > :22:36.but it is also an actual laboratory for testing the latest shopping
:22:37. > :22:40.tech. I'm sure that stores in the street want to be able to do what
:22:41. > :22:44.online shops do and to offer us targeted products at every
:22:45. > :22:50.opportunity, but, in order to target more, they need to know more about
:22:51. > :22:53.the target. Take a look at this. I note shops are interested in
:22:54. > :23:00.football but here, when you walk in, you are walking in is analysed.
:23:01. > :23:06.Apparently, our shoes say a lot about us. Heels, trainers, shoe
:23:07. > :23:10.size, just some of the features this software is looking for. At the
:23:11. > :23:13.moment, it can figure out the number of shoppers coming in, their gender
:23:14. > :23:17.and whether they are coming in on their own or with family. Once you
:23:18. > :23:22.know who is walking past, here is what you can do. You can change your
:23:23. > :23:28.shop window to greet them, which is very cool. This is a real shop
:23:29. > :23:35.display, with real objects but, in front of it, there is a transparent
:23:36. > :23:38.LCD screen. This is just a normal LCD and they have ripped the
:23:39. > :23:43.backlight off it and replaced it with a white box with stuff in it.
:23:44. > :23:48.You can change this display depending on the time of day or who
:23:49. > :23:55.is walking past. In Spain, the Christmas lottery, El
:23:56. > :24:01.Gordo, has been drawn. This is the world's richest lottery with prizes
:24:02. > :24:10.totalling ?2.41 billion. -- two 41 cents billion. If you are watching
:24:11. > :24:17.on BBC world news in Spain, I hope it has worked out for you.
:24:18. > :24:25.It is the world's richest lottery with a total prize money of $2.41
:24:26. > :24:32.billion. After a three-hour wait, the biggest ticket number, worth
:24:33. > :24:37.$431,000, was announced to cheers from the Madrid audience. It is
:24:38. > :24:45.going to be a bumper Christmas for the town -- this town in the
:24:46. > :24:50.province of Almeria. Almost all 1600 winning tickets were sold there, a
:24:51. > :24:55.windfall of more than $700 million for local residents. I was watching
:24:56. > :24:59.the television and, all of a sudden, I said to myself, I'm going to
:25:00. > :25:05.switch it off because I won't win. My number came up and I was stunned!
:25:06. > :25:12.Like other lotteries, -- unlike other lotteries, tickets cost $220
:25:13. > :25:18.so whole villages, groups of co-workers and friends chip in.
:25:19. > :25:22.Spain's Christmas lottery, called El Gordo all the big one, is a
:25:23. > :25:26.long-standing tradition which began in 1812 and is hugely popular. Three
:25:27. > :25:32.quarters of the population bought a ticket this year. Thousands of other
:25:33. > :25:36.within -- other winning numbers were drawn from prizes, making it a
:25:37. > :25:43.Christmas tradition that many in Spain can't afford to miss.
:25:44. > :25:48.Good luck if you are in that drawer. A couple of stories we will be
:25:49. > :25:51.covering in the next half. The ongoing problems in Helmand province
:25:52. > :25:56.in the south of Afghanistan. That was the base for many British troops
:25:57. > :26:09.for some time. We will also talk about new US Visa restrictions.
:26:10. > :26:14.Hello. If you are planning to spend Christmas in New York on the ski
:26:15. > :26:16.slopes of Europe, you will want