:00:00. > 3:59:59weather in the forecast. Fingers crossed, things quieten down into
:00:00. > :00:08.the weekend. Hello, I'm Ros Atkins,
:00:09. > :00:13.this is Outside Source. We're live in South Africa
:00:14. > :00:23.at Wits University. It is a cool evening here in South
:00:24. > :00:27.Africa. It wasn't earlier, we were in one of the biggest storms I've
:00:28. > :00:33.ever seen. If you saw our earlier edition, you'll know what I'm
:00:34. > :00:37.talking about. Fortunately the rain has gone away and we have some
:00:38. > :00:41.brand-new graphics, meaning that in the same way, when I'm in the
:00:42. > :00:45.newsroom I can convey to the information on the biggest stories
:00:46. > :00:53.for you, I can now do the same thing wherever we are from. We are in
:00:54. > :00:57.South Africa to talk about another spike in student protests. We've
:00:58. > :01:02.seen three major university campuses shot over the last two weeks with
:01:03. > :01:06.Brace, tuition fees, lack of equality and language all incredibly
:01:07. > :01:12.potent subjects -- race. We'll also be taking a look
:01:13. > :01:22.at migration in South Africa. We have covered it in Europe and
:01:23. > :01:27.also here. 2 million foreign nationals live here, some of them
:01:28. > :01:29.legally and some of them a large -- illegally.
:01:30. > :01:32.We'll also bring you the rest of the days news from around the world.
:01:33. > :01:38.We will be speaking to Katty Kay in Washington, DC because it is Super
:01:39. > :01:41.Tuesday in America. 11 states are voting
:01:42. > :01:48.for their Republican We will bring you up-to-date with
:01:49. > :01:53.the campaigns. And we will be in the north of France.
:01:54. > :01:55.Police in France have been clearing out
:01:56. > :01:58.the migrant camp known as the Jungle for a second day.
:01:59. > :02:01.Hundreds of migrants hoping to come to the UK have been living there for
:02:02. > :02:23.months. As ever, if you have questions about
:02:24. > :02:27.the stories we are covering, get in touch. I especially encourage you to
:02:28. > :02:36.do that, we have a range of experts joining us. If you want the pressure
:02:37. > :02:39.on the south African economy explained, if you want the
:02:40. > :02:43.popularity of the ANC explained, these are good questions on which to
:02:44. > :02:47.send questions. Let's give you more of an idea of where the Wits
:02:48. > :02:52.Business School is. If I bring up the map you can see South Africa and
:02:53. > :02:57.Johannesburg. This is by far the biggest city, one hour 's drive away
:02:58. > :03:06.from the capital, Pretoria. You can see the Wits Business School is just
:03:07. > :03:09.next to CBD, the town as the people from Johannesburg called it and we
:03:10. > :03:14.are grateful that they have allowed us to be here so late. We have been
:03:15. > :03:17.talking about student protests but to understand the last fortnight we
:03:18. > :03:23.have to look at last year. In March there was a campaign to have a
:03:24. > :03:28.statue of Cecil Rhodes taken down from the University of Cape Town and
:03:29. > :03:32.the statute was removed. In October, an even bigger campaign, some say
:03:33. > :03:40.the biggest youth movement in South Africa 's 1976 called Fees Must
:03:41. > :03:43.Fall, protesting the fall in petition -- the rise in tuition
:03:44. > :03:48.fees. The government responded and said that they would freeze the fees
:03:49. > :03:54.for 2016. That sent a potent message to South Africans that action can
:03:55. > :03:58.deliver change and that is why we have to look at last year in
:03:59. > :04:05.examining what is happening this year. I have highlighted three
:04:06. > :04:10.places for you. In the last fortnight, all have had to close
:04:11. > :04:17.campuses, Major campuses because of protests and violence. In Mafeking
:04:18. > :04:23.on Thursday, admission to buildings were burnt in clashes between
:04:24. > :04:28.security forces and protesters. Next, looking at Pretoria, clashes
:04:29. > :04:35.there as well. That has been over the use of Afrikaans as a language
:04:36. > :04:41.for teaching. There is an Afrikaans must fall campaign and that has been
:04:42. > :04:44.rejected. We must talk about Bloemfontein because there were
:04:45. > :04:49.scenes of protest conducted by from early black students at the
:04:50. > :04:53.half-time of a rugby match. White students came onto the pitch and
:04:54. > :04:59.violence broke out, which continued in Bloemfontein for the rest of the
:05:00. > :04:59.day. So, very significant moments. President Zouma responded very
:05:00. > :05:14.swiftly, saying that. In a moment we will speak to one of
:05:15. > :05:20.the most senior student activists in South Africa. Questions for him are
:05:21. > :05:30.welcome. First, a couple of artistic to give us some context. -- a couple
:05:31. > :05:35.of statistics. Of the South African university population, 78% of
:05:36. > :05:43.students are black and 76% of the population are black, so the figures
:05:44. > :05:48.match well. But of all of the household income generated in South
:05:49. > :05:52.Africa, only 43% goes to black families, and that helps us to
:05:53. > :05:56.understand why some black people feel that wealth is not fairly
:05:57. > :06:03.distributed and opportunity is not given equally here in South Africa.
:06:04. > :06:07.Let us make the first of our guests, the economic freedom fighters is a
:06:08. > :06:13.political party set up by a former member of the ANC and it has been
:06:14. > :06:23.closely attached to the Fees Must Fall campaign. Vuyani Pambo from
:06:24. > :06:29.Fees Must Fall joins us. You achieved your goal in October, what
:06:30. > :06:34.is the goal now? The goal is to free the majority of black people in this
:06:35. > :06:38.country, free quality education, up to the attainment of a first degree.
:06:39. > :06:43.You want everyone to have free education? That is what we are
:06:44. > :06:48.saying, we don't want to get into the particularities of how to pay
:06:49. > :06:53.for it. I suppose you have too. There is money there, the
:06:54. > :06:58.re-privatisation of the government, the slimming down of the Cabinet,
:06:59. > :07:02.cutting down on corruption, that would bring in the money. For me it
:07:03. > :07:08.isn't a question of where the money is, it is there. There was a report
:07:09. > :07:11.by the Minister released late last year saying that free education is
:07:12. > :07:16.possible, there is no political will to do it. We had a live stream on
:07:17. > :07:20.the Facebook page and you said it isn't just about the tuition fees,
:07:21. > :07:25.you used the phrase decolonisation. But people who are not aware of what
:07:26. > :07:36.that means practically, can you explain it? It will be difficult to
:07:37. > :07:42.explain, it is a project of imagination because you are asking
:07:43. > :07:54.colonial subjects to talk about the colonialisation. Are you still Alan
:07:55. > :08:02.Knight? My language is not seen as intelligible -- are you still
:08:03. > :08:07.colonised. What is your language? I don't think that's important. Our
:08:08. > :08:13.language has been used as a polarising element, so I refused to
:08:14. > :08:19.jump into it. I recognise myself to be all of these things. I'm
:08:20. > :08:24.interested, is your vision for South African education that it would use
:08:25. > :08:30.Afrikaans, or English at all? My brother, when we question the use of
:08:31. > :08:35.Afrikaans over the other languages, innocence we are saying, we at
:08:36. > :08:40.elevating the conversation -- in essence. This is saying that some
:08:41. > :08:45.people matter more than others. How can some minority have its language
:08:46. > :08:53.elevated above other languages that have a majority in other campuses?
:08:54. > :09:01.Over the last month we have issued repeated requests to Wits caplet
:09:02. > :09:05.University to provide someone to take part but they have not done
:09:06. > :09:11.that and they have not sent a statement -- Wits University. I'm
:09:12. > :09:14.sure you are hearing some criticism of Wits and wondering why there
:09:15. > :09:20.isn't a response. We have been asking for this. Milton, every
:09:21. > :09:22.person in a senior position from the University of South Africa I have
:09:23. > :09:26.heard say they are prepared to listen to the students but sometimes
:09:27. > :09:35.they are not very keen on their methods. Yes, that's very true.
:09:36. > :09:41.What's happened is that the administration, the management at
:09:42. > :09:44.Wits University led by Professor Adam had even have asked the
:09:45. > :09:50.students not to vandalise the property of the university and they
:09:51. > :09:54.have asked that political parties do not try and influence events within
:09:55. > :09:57.campuses because there is an election coming up this year in
:09:58. > :10:04.South Africa, a local government election. He thought that political
:10:05. > :10:10.parties might try to take advantage of the current protests by
:10:11. > :10:14.influencing their own issues which are actually outside the campus.
:10:15. > :10:22.This isn't necessarily a criticism but by listening to the campaign of
:10:23. > :10:25.Vuyani and Fees Must Fall, the cat is out of the bag, the message to
:10:26. > :10:30.the South African students is that ibuprofen test, we might listen?
:10:31. > :10:41.Very true. I covered the Fees Must Fall protest at the University of
:10:42. > :10:47.Johannesburg and here at Wits and in Pretoria. The issues have gone
:10:48. > :10:53.beyond purely educational matters. The students are raising big
:10:54. > :10:58.societal issues. In other words, here we have to go back to history.
:10:59. > :11:01.We are going back to 1994, when Nelson Mandela became the first
:11:02. > :11:05.black president of South Africa after the end of apartheid. I guess
:11:06. > :11:09.you always have to go back to history. We will carry on talking to
:11:10. > :11:13.our guests and some of the students who have come out here to talk to
:11:14. > :11:19.us. We are grateful to those who have come along. I was mentioning
:11:20. > :11:22.1976, the youth movement, that is relevant because kids in Soweto were
:11:23. > :11:28.objecting to being taught in Afrikaans and then in some cases
:11:29. > :11:32.they were shot dead by the police for making that point. The issue of
:11:33. > :11:37.language is incredibly potent in South Africa. We are going to bring
:11:38. > :11:40.you a lot of coverage of South Africa because we are here in
:11:41. > :11:44.Johannesburg but we are going to cover the rest of the news.
:11:45. > :11:46.Americans are heading to the polls for Super Tuesday,
:11:47. > :11:48.the biggest day so far in the Presidential primaries.
:11:49. > :12:00.It is part of the campaign to select the two nominees. 11 states are
:12:01. > :12:07.involved. Katty Kay is joining us. Is it fair to say that a knockout
:12:08. > :12:12.blow could be delivered today, or is that overemphasising the portals of
:12:13. > :12:17.Super Tuesday? Yes and no. I think by the end of this voting today,
:12:18. > :12:21.when the millions of votes are tallied, we will have a pretty good
:12:22. > :12:24.idea of who is going to be the Democratic nominee for the
:12:25. > :12:31.presidency and who is going to be the Republican nominee. This is a
:12:32. > :12:36.fantastically busy dying -- fantastically complicated situation
:12:37. > :12:41.and therefore there is some wiggle room. Donald Trump could win every
:12:42. > :12:45.state but still not had enough delegates to be able to say that he
:12:46. > :12:49.has dealt a knockout blow to his rivals. The others might say that
:12:50. > :12:52.technically they can get the votes to be the nominee and will stay in
:12:53. > :12:56.the race. I don't know if anyone will drop out tonight because they
:12:57. > :13:00.will cling to a bit of hope. I suspect we will have a fairly good
:13:01. > :13:03.sense of whether Donald Trump is unstoppable on the Republican side
:13:04. > :13:09.and the same for Hillary Clinton on the Democratic side. I guess it's
:13:10. > :13:15.inevitable with the candidates and personalities before us, personality
:13:16. > :13:18.is a big part of the election but can we pinpoint certain policies and
:13:19. > :13:23.the positions of candidates on the issues that could swing things? I
:13:24. > :13:28.wish we could! Every American election is about personality. The
:13:29. > :13:31.president is elected almost as much on character and whether Americans
:13:32. > :13:37.want him or her in their living room for the next four years as they are
:13:38. > :13:40.on their policies. It is startling on the Republican side how few
:13:41. > :13:44.policies Donald Trump has put forward. We are justified in talking
:13:45. > :13:51.about him, he is the frontrunner by a long way. If you look at his
:13:52. > :13:56.policies on economics, his foreign policy, his policy on social issues,
:13:57. > :14:00.there is an incredible paucity of ideas, he hasn't put forward a
:14:01. > :14:07.platform. He is running on his character and temperament. I always
:14:08. > :14:11.like following US politics and I like following South African
:14:12. > :14:16.politics and we are here with students from Wits University. Nadia
:14:17. > :14:19.has a question for you. A lot of South African students have become
:14:20. > :14:23.politicised, what role is the American youth playing in the
:14:24. > :14:33.campaign? You'll have to repeat for me. Nadia was just asking the South
:14:34. > :14:39.African students, they have become very politicised, are we seeing the
:14:40. > :14:43.same amount US students? That's a great question, Nadia, because we
:14:44. > :14:49.have seen with the Bernie Sanders movement on the Democratic side a
:14:50. > :14:54.big turnout of young voters, like we did in 2008 with Barack Obama. The
:14:55. > :14:57.big question going forwards, if Hillary Clinton is indeed the
:14:58. > :15:03.nominee, will be young voters who turned out in their thousands for
:15:04. > :15:09.Bernie Sanders go to the polls in November as well? Is this just a
:15:10. > :15:13.Bernie Sanders movement, or is it a broad democratic wave of political
:15:14. > :15:19.activism by young Americans? We won't know the answers until we have
:15:20. > :15:23.a nominee. Thank you for joining us. You are in for a busy day. Full
:15:24. > :15:29.coverage of Super Tuesday as the results come through on BBC News.
:15:30. > :15:39.And thanks to Nadia for the question. In a few minutes we are
:15:40. > :15:45.going to look at the issue of migration, a special report on the
:15:46. > :15:46.lives of Pakistani 's and Zimbabweans in Johannesburg and how
:15:47. > :15:56.they are treated by South Africans. The only remaining suspect
:15:57. > :15:59.in the Omagh bombing of 18 years ago has been
:16:00. > :16:03.released from jail. Seamus Daly was freed hours
:16:04. > :16:06.after the case against him collapsed due to inconsistencies
:16:07. > :16:10.in the evidence of a key witness. He's always denied involvement
:16:11. > :16:12.in the Real IRA attack Relatives of the victims,
:16:13. > :16:18.including Cat Wilkinson, whose brother, Aiden,
:16:19. > :16:19.died in the bombing, have
:16:20. > :16:30.vented their frustration This is a huge blow to my family and
:16:31. > :16:37.to my mother who couldn't come here today. She came through the Hoey
:16:38. > :16:43.trial and the trauma of those testimonies. We have no doubt that
:16:44. > :16:51.the last time when Seamus Daly was here was in a bomb car and for him
:16:52. > :16:54.to walk away a free man, my brother is in his grave, sometimes we have
:16:55. > :16:56.to bring back the reality of what these people do. There is no
:16:57. > :17:07.political will to bring these... This is Outside Source live
:17:08. > :17:15.from the BBC newsroom. We're in a beautiful courtyard at
:17:16. > :17:18.the Wits Business School in Johannesburg to talk about the
:17:19. > :17:22.student protests that have gone on over the last couple of weeks. The
:17:23. > :17:26.main story in South Africa is that the South African government and
:17:27. > :17:31.universities a ai that they need to look at the issue and work out how
:17:32. > :17:35.to hear the concerns of students while containing the violence that
:17:36. > :17:46.the universities and government have been condemning.
:17:47. > :17:48.BBC Brasil is focusing on new research into the Zika virus,
:17:49. > :17:51.which suggests that it may be linked to a severe neurological disorder
:17:52. > :17:54.Iran's president says the outcome of recent parliamentary elections
:17:55. > :17:56.shows that its people want to end confrontation
:17:57. > :17:59.Reformists made major gains in the vote.
:18:00. > :18:05.This is footage of what appears to be a meteor in the sky over
:18:06. > :18:09.Police received a large number of calls after a big,
:18:10. > :18:22.Lots of interest in that on the BBC News App.
:18:23. > :18:28.The two main global stories for the BBC today are Super Tuesday, which
:18:29. > :18:33.we were just talking about, and what has happened in Calais in the north
:18:34. > :18:37.of France. For the second day, police have been tearing a part of
:18:38. > :18:40.what is known as the Jungle camp, a former settlement where many
:18:41. > :18:46.migrants are living and wait to see if they can reach the UK. I can
:18:47. > :18:52.bring you the graphic. Calais is in the north-east of France, on the
:18:53. > :18:57.coast. It has a big port with passenger ferries to the UK. The
:18:58. > :19:01.camp is close to the port and close to the tunnel that goes underneath
:19:02. > :19:06.the English Channel. The proximity of the camp to the main routes to
:19:07. > :19:10.the UK isn't a coincidence. The BBC's reporter has been there all
:19:11. > :19:18.day long and this is the latest report.
:19:19. > :19:25.A second day of demolition in the camp and you can see the debris
:19:26. > :19:29.everywhere. Bulldozers have been collecting the pieces of wooden
:19:30. > :19:34.crates, people's homes and dumping them in large bins. They have picked
:19:35. > :19:40.up -- packed up for the day and have been followed by the riot police.
:19:41. > :19:46.There has been little resistance to the the militia in squads compared
:19:47. > :19:50.to yesterday however there has been protest -- to the demolition squads.
:19:51. > :19:54.One woman threatened to cut her wrists, she was taken away by the
:19:55. > :20:01.police. Still, for many people who are in this camp, this miserable,
:20:02. > :20:04.wet, dirty place represents their best chance, they believe, of
:20:05. > :20:09.reaching the UK because of its proximity to the port of Calais. So
:20:10. > :20:13.they are resisting attempts to move them into the official accommodation
:20:14. > :20:20.inside the converted shipping containers. Many of the people to
:20:21. > :20:24.whom we have spoken here have tried multiple times to board trains to
:20:25. > :20:29.the UK. The border is closed to them. We have seen people picking
:20:30. > :20:39.through the burnt out rubble of their homes, trying to collect
:20:40. > :20:42.pieces of the Koran. We have seen tension but none of the violence
:20:43. > :20:49.from yesterday. Darkness is falling, the police have left, some of them
:20:50. > :20:57.on the periphery are armed with batons and CS gas, prepared for
:20:58. > :21:00.trouble just in case. The number of migrants and refugees coming into
:21:01. > :21:05.Europe is a story we have covered extensively. We haven't though
:21:06. > :21:10.looked in detail at migrants and refugees coming into South Africa.
:21:11. > :21:14.We have a special report in the back half of the programme in about 25
:21:15. > :21:20.minutes. Normally at this time we will do our business, number of
:21:21. > :21:24.global stories. One global business story directly affects South Africa
:21:25. > :21:28.because there was a huge announcement from Barclays Bank
:21:29. > :21:34.earlier, plenty of speculation about it in advance but today it confirmed
:21:35. > :21:40.it will except Africa. Barclays has been in Africa since 1925. It is a
:21:41. > :21:48.decision of huge significance. The boss of Barclays Bank explained why
:21:49. > :21:51.he took the decision. The reality is that the new revelatory environment
:21:52. > :21:58.means we carry 100% of the liabilities of owning Barclays
:21:59. > :22:01.Africa. We only owned 62% of Barclays Africa, the rest is owned
:22:02. > :22:08.in the public market in Johannesburg. 100% of liability, and
:22:09. > :22:14.62% of the earnings, which truncates the possible returns for Barclays
:22:15. > :22:19.shareholders on earnings in South Africa. It is a difficult decision
:22:20. > :22:23.-- in Africa. The Barclays brand is as strong in Africa as it is in the
:22:24. > :22:28.UK but we have to make some difficult decisions if we are going
:22:29. > :22:30.to get Barclays into a focused, clear, compelling business model
:22:31. > :22:38.that generates returns for our shareholders. Given that we are at
:22:39. > :22:42.the Wits Business School it wasn't hard to find someone who wanted to
:22:43. > :22:51.give us their analysis of this announcement from the South African
:22:52. > :22:56.perspective. It has been in the news for more than a month, it is
:22:57. > :23:04.something that the market had anticipated. It didn't come as a
:23:05. > :23:08.surprise when they make the announcement that they are leaving
:23:09. > :23:11.Africa. It doesn't feel good but I think there could have been
:23:12. > :23:17.fundamental issues in forming the decision. To begin with, The
:23:18. > :23:26.Barclays Starc has been on a downward spiral -- stock. At one
:23:27. > :23:35.point it was 205 South African Rand, and today it is going for about 140,
:23:36. > :23:42.a fall about 30%. So it has been in decline. This announcement from
:23:43. > :23:45.Barclays is relevant to all of Africa but it is being felt keenly
:23:46. > :23:49.in South Africa where the economy is in the words of the Finance
:23:50. > :23:55.minister, in crisis. Let's show you the GDP figures, they came out
:23:56. > :24:02.today. Growth of the economy was 1.3%, down from 1.5% in 2014. The
:24:03. > :24:06.projection for this year, 0.9%. This economy is feeling the squeeze. I'm
:24:07. > :24:12.going to talk to Northern about the reasons why. Sorry to interrupt you.
:24:13. > :24:17.Milton, help us understand, for people who are not following the
:24:18. > :24:21.South African economy, what are the factors putting it on the back foot?
:24:22. > :24:28.Number one, there are domestic factors. Currently there are
:24:29. > :24:32.allegations that the president is at loggerheads with the new finance
:24:33. > :24:38.minister. They are calling it wore on the front page of one paper. It
:24:39. > :24:41.is pretty interesting because late last year the president had an
:24:42. > :24:47.amazing reshuffle where he had three finance ministers in a matter of
:24:48. > :24:50.days -- war. Eventually the man who used to be the finance minister in
:24:51. > :24:57.the first time of President Zouma came back and now he is the current
:24:58. > :25:02.finance minister -- President Zuma. It sounds like politically the
:25:03. > :25:07.president is many more towards the revenue and services guy. You wait
:25:08. > :25:11.for ages for one to come along and you have three in a week! Let's talk
:25:12. > :25:15.about junk status because I have been here for a few days and
:25:16. > :25:20.everywhere I turn, especially the business pages, everyone is worried
:25:21. > :25:25.about South Africa being given junk stating is that map junk ratings by
:25:26. > :25:29.the ratings agencies. It will make it difficult for South Africa to
:25:30. > :25:33.borrow internationally and everything becomes more expensive
:25:34. > :25:36.because of interest rates. If you own a clothing store and you don't
:25:37. > :25:39.pay your credit card and suddenly you are about to be blacklisted and
:25:40. > :25:44.that is what the country is worried about. Thank you for joining us.
:25:45. > :25:48.When we were on air earlier, we were in the middle of an enormous
:25:49. > :25:53.thunderstorm which was inconvenient for us but many people pointed out
:25:54. > :25:57.that it is good news for the farming sector, experiencing its worst
:25:58. > :25:59.drought in a century, so the rain is welcome from that point of view.
:26:00. > :26:12.Back with you in a moment. It is the time of night when we look
:26:13. > :26:16.at the world weather. Starting in the US, where the drama of Super
:26:17. > :26:17.Tuesday has been matched by some pretty dramatic