:00:10. > :00:12.Hello, I'm Ros Atkins, this is Outside Source.
:00:13. > :00:15.Gloomy news from the International Monetary Fund I'm afraid.
:00:16. > :00:20.Growth forecasts are down - again - details coming shortly.
:00:21. > :00:23.We've got shocking new statistics from the UN showing a huge rise
:00:24. > :00:31.in the number of children being used as suicide bombers by Boko Haram.
:00:32. > :00:33.The Brazilian president, Dilma Rousseff has accused her
:00:34. > :00:35.Vice President of being one of the leaders of
:00:36. > :00:44.This story was released a few seconds ago.
:00:45. > :00:47.Stephen Hawking is backing a new project to send miniature
:00:48. > :00:53.Plus what are chatbots and why are facebook
:00:54. > :01:15.The International Monetary Fund is an organisation funded
:01:16. > :01:17.by the most of the countries in the world - it's aim
:01:18. > :01:22.is to preserve economic stability and to respond to financial crises.
:01:23. > :01:25.Recently it has not been a font of optimism -
:01:26. > :01:32.it has again downgraded its forecast for global economic growth.
:01:33. > :01:36.3.2% for this year is the prediction.
:01:37. > :01:42.Wherever you're watching, this is relevant to you.
:01:43. > :01:45.Russia is facing another year of decline, hit by low oil prices
:01:46. > :01:54.The largest downgrade of all is for Nigeria,
:01:55. > :02:01.which again has been hit by the low price of crude oil.
:02:02. > :02:03.Brazil is forecast to see its economy shrink -
:02:04. > :02:05.the huge political crisis there at the moment
:02:06. > :02:20.And then two of the most important India and China -
:02:21. > :02:22.both still predicted to have significant growth,
:02:23. > :02:24.but that growth is slowing in the case of China.
:02:25. > :02:33.Here's the IMF's chief economist explaining the global downgrade.
:02:34. > :02:41.We have seen a loss of momentum in advanced economies, in the second
:02:42. > :02:47.half of last year. Particularly Japan, but also the United States.
:02:48. > :02:53.The eurozone continues to move at a sub dude space. We have seen
:02:54. > :02:57.continuing head winds in emerging markets, including some large
:02:58. > :03:05.markets. That adds up to a slower picture of growth. If you want to
:03:06. > :03:10.follow the IMF on this, they have a Twitter feed.
:03:11. > :03:16.I spoke to Andrew Walker about why this is happening.
:03:17. > :03:23.It is a view in the IMF and the World Bank that we are looking at a
:03:24. > :03:29.period in which the potential for the world economy to grow is weaker
:03:30. > :03:34.than we thought. Productivity, the amount that businesses can produce
:03:35. > :03:41.with every worker they employ is not going to grow as rapidly as we
:03:42. > :03:43.thought. One idea is perhaps the technology transformation that
:03:44. > :03:50.industry has been going through maybe running out of steam. So those
:03:51. > :03:58.concerns are there and the IMF is wary that the fact that we have not
:03:59. > :04:02.really had growth coming back after the financial crisis does mean the
:04:03. > :04:06.word economy that is much more vulnerable to unexpected shocks.
:04:07. > :04:11.There is more chance of going into a period of what they call protracted
:04:12. > :04:16.stagnation. The IMF was created after the war and the idea was when
:04:17. > :04:20.necessary it could intervene to help move the global economy, what are
:04:21. > :04:28.the tools available to it now? The IMF is in the business of coming to
:04:29. > :04:32.the aid of countries in crisis or giving advice if they're not
:04:33. > :04:36.desperately in need of financial help. What its calling for is
:04:37. > :04:43.countries that have the space to do more with the government finances to
:04:44. > :04:47.spend more on infrastructure, on roads and telecommunications and
:04:48. > :04:51.improving the skills of the workforce, not every country has the
:04:52. > :04:56.space to do it, but some do. They would like to see more by way of
:04:57. > :05:00.reforms to labour markets and markets for goods and services to
:05:01. > :05:05.make it easier for businesses to invest to create new jobs and to
:05:06. > :05:12.create goods and services that people may want to buy. Some viewers
:05:13. > :05:19.may be thinking 3.2% growth is growth, what is the problem? It is
:05:20. > :05:22.growth and it is faster growth than world population growth, so on
:05:23. > :05:29.average world living standards will continue to rise. But it is slower
:05:30. > :05:35.than people thought. So if it is growing more slowly, we are making
:05:36. > :05:41.less progress in reducing poverty and the IMF is worried that it is
:05:42. > :05:48.closer to what they call stall speed and it could be pushed off that path
:05:49. > :05:55.of passable but not very good growth and into contraction and recession.
:05:56. > :06:00.Thank you. There is another important strand to this story
:06:01. > :06:04.talking about Christine Lagarde, a powerful French politician who, has
:06:05. > :06:10.a keen interest in the referendum on EU membership in the UK. Christine
:06:11. > :06:18.Lagarde has been saying this personally and now the IMF is
:06:19. > :06:24.endorsing her, Brexit could cause damage. This would be bad for
:06:25. > :06:31.Britain and Europe's economy and bad for the global economy. Well, in 25
:06:32. > :06:37.minutes I will play you a new report from our economics editor on just
:06:38. > :06:46.this issue. He has been assessing the analysis of the IMF on Brexit.
:06:47. > :06:52.Now to Africa. Shocking new details
:06:53. > :06:57.on Boko Haram in Nigeria. The UN says three quarters
:06:58. > :07:00.of its suicide bombers are girls - many of whom have often been drugged
:07:01. > :07:03.and or sexually abused. Last year 44 children
:07:04. > :07:05.were used to carry out attacks in Cameroon,
:07:06. > :07:07.Chad and Nigeria. Boko Haram is an Islamist group,
:07:08. > :07:14.it pledges allegiance to the Islamic State group and it's
:07:15. > :07:18.responsible for 1.3 million children being uprooted in four
:07:19. > :07:41.countries around Lake Chad region. That has ramification for children.
:07:42. > :07:48.Our security correspondent has been covering this. He is based in
:07:49. > :07:55.Nigeria and knows west Africa, sorry is based in Nairobi, but knows
:07:56. > :08:00.Nigeria well. They're saying there has been an increasing number of
:08:01. > :08:04.young children used in suicide attacks and a large number are
:08:05. > :08:09.girls. That is because these children are seen as innocent when
:08:10. > :08:15.they move around in public. It is very unlikely that people would
:08:16. > :08:21.suspect that they pose a threat. Now Unicef says the reverse is happening
:08:22. > :08:26.and as the attacks increase involving children, children are now
:08:27. > :08:30.being viewed with suspicion and previously when they were seen as
:08:31. > :08:35.the tar get of the attacks, they're now seen as the threat themselves.
:08:36. > :08:39.So the number of children being used is increasing, is the number of
:08:40. > :08:44.attacks across the board by Boko Haram increasing too? Well, the
:08:45. > :08:52.number of attacks over all I wouldn't say is increasing, but we
:08:53. > :08:56.see the proportion is now skewed largely towards suicide bombings,
:08:57. > :09:00.because the Government, the military, Nigeria's military and the
:09:01. > :09:08.allies from the region have been able to push the Boko Haram
:09:09. > :09:11.militants away from the towns and they're using suicide bombers who
:09:12. > :09:16.are hard to detect and can mingle with the public and then carry out
:09:17. > :09:21.their deadly attacks, that are usually targeting the maximum
:09:22. > :09:26.casualties possible. We have seen barbaric acts by Islamic State and
:09:27. > :09:30.IS has justified them, I wonder if Boko Haram has offered any
:09:31. > :09:37.justification however warped it may be for its use of girls and boys in
:09:38. > :09:42.this way? Well generally it sees these people as its own and it feels
:09:43. > :09:46.like it can use them how it wishes. Of course these people are taught
:09:47. > :09:51.they're going to paradise. So as they are being pushed in to carry
:09:52. > :09:57.out attacks many are told they're going to paradise. Others are
:09:58. > :10:02.believed to be drugged so they're not going into it willfully and the
:10:03. > :10:12.explosives are said to be strapped around them and possibly remotely
:10:13. > :10:22.detonated. It sees as it longs as it carries out its attack.
:10:23. > :10:23.The political crisis in Brazil has escalated.
:10:24. > :10:25.The President says she is the victim of
:10:26. > :10:27.an attempted coup and has pointed the finger
:10:28. > :10:43.Yesterday, in Brazil, a congressional
:10:44. > :10:45.committee recommended that
:10:46. > :10:47.President Dilma Rousseff is impeached.
:10:48. > :10:49.She's accused of manipulating government accounts -
:10:50. > :10:55.And the President is pushing back hard.
:10:56. > :10:58.The President says she's suffering "unimaginable abuses"
:10:59. > :11:02.in the impeachment process and that the vice president
:11:03. > :11:05.is "rubbing his hands in glee while carrying out a farcical leak
:11:06. > :11:24.Here is the BBC's correspondent in Rio, Wyre Davies. Talk us through
:11:25. > :11:28.this leak. Well this committee was deliberating and voting in congress
:11:29. > :11:34.yesterday on whether or not to recommend the impeachment of the
:11:35. > :11:40.president. Dilma Rousseff's vice president, Michel Temer released a
:11:41. > :11:46.tape and in that aid owe tape he read out a 14 minute speech in which
:11:47. > :11:50.he seemed to be accepting the presidency, because the president
:11:51. > :11:55.has been forced to step aside. The problem was that that vote doesn't
:11:56. > :12:00.happen until this weekend. In the full house of congress. And there is
:12:01. > :12:05.no guarantee that the president will lose that vote. This one cordial
:12:06. > :12:11.relationship between Michel Temer and Dilma Rousseff has broken down
:12:12. > :12:14.and Dilma Rousseff not only repeating her accusations that
:12:15. > :12:20.congress is plotting a coup, but that the chief architect of the coup
:12:21. > :12:26.is her once-trusted ally, her vice-president, Michel Temer. Here
:12:27. > :12:31.is a clip of the leak. TRANSLATION: As the lower house decides with a
:12:32. > :12:38.significant number of votes to open the impeachment proceedings against
:12:39. > :12:45.the president, many people sought me out to give some preliminary remarks
:12:46. > :12:49.that I'm doing with modesty, caution and moderation, but as a natural
:12:50. > :12:55.substitute of president. Watching this from here, it peoples like the
:12:56. > :13:00.story is feverish. Are we getting a correct impression? Absolutely. The
:13:01. > :13:08.presidency of Dilma Rousseff hangs in t balance, by the end of the week
:13:09. > :13:11.she could be forced out, for 180 days, while her impeachment is
:13:12. > :13:16.debated. These are critical days for the president. She has seen her
:13:17. > :13:20.support in congress dwindle and Michel Temer is not from her own
:13:21. > :13:24.party, but from an opposition party, but that was part of coalition
:13:25. > :13:31.government. They have now left the Government. They're campaigning for
:13:32. > :13:35.other impeachment. But the Dilma Rousseff and her ally say it is a
:13:36. > :13:39.ridiculous situation and it is a coup against a democratically
:13:40. > :13:43.elected government and point out that most of those people sitting in
:13:44. > :13:47.judgment on the president are accused of far bigger crimes and far
:13:48. > :13:53.worse crimes of corruption than she is accused of. The technicality on
:13:54. > :14:00.which she is being tried or will be tried is of manipulating government
:14:01. > :14:03.accounts. That is not as bad as some of multimillion dollar corruption
:14:04. > :14:11.scandals in which other politicians are implicated. Thank you. I suspect
:14:12. > :14:23.we will be talking about this again. It is a huge test of Brazil's
:14:24. > :14:27.institutions. In a few minutes we are talking about chatbots and why
:14:28. > :14:36.Facebook will be talking about a major investment in them.
:14:37. > :14:39.More than 2,000 pupils in Edinburgh affected by the closure of 17
:14:40. > :14:41.schools over fears over the safety of buildings should be
:14:42. > :14:47.Contingency measures have been put in place for those
:14:48. > :14:56.Architect Malcolm Fraser explained what he thinks went wrong.
:14:57. > :15:03.Perhaps going to happen in situations where there is a failure
:15:04. > :15:08.of oversight and in these sorts of contracts architects are employed
:15:09. > :15:12.directly and engineers are employed directly by the contractor. They
:15:13. > :15:18.have no professional role to stand outside what is going on on site and
:15:19. > :15:25.inspect things and note if these things happen. So it is like the
:15:26. > :15:30.banking industry f we rely on self regulation, things tend to go wrong.
:15:31. > :15:35.The contracts should be run in a more proper way and we see the
:15:36. > :15:47.problems if we allow companies, banks, contractors to self regulate.
:15:48. > :15:49.This is Outside Source live from the BBC newsroom.
:15:50. > :15:51.Our lead story is the International Monetary Fund have
:15:52. > :15:54.lowered their forecasts for the global economy again.
:15:55. > :16:04.The falling price of oil is being blamed for much of the worries.
:16:05. > :16:10.And some story fwrs the BBC world service.
:16:11. > :16:13.a German TV comic has been placed under police protection
:16:14. > :16:16.after he read an obscene poem about the Turkish President Erdogan
:16:17. > :16:20.Mr Erdogan has filed a criminal complaint against the satirist.
:16:21. > :16:23.BBC Chinese reports more than 80% of rural wells in China's north-east
:16:24. > :16:28.contain water that's unsafe for drinking.
:16:29. > :16:30.Officials aren't disputing this urban areas across the country
:16:31. > :16:40.And a Portuguese mixed martial arts fighter has died after an event
:16:41. > :16:43.He underwent emergency brain surgery but unfortunately died today.
:16:44. > :16:58.Story is in the BBC's most read list.
:16:59. > :17:07.Revenues from music sales around the world have increased
:17:08. > :17:11.significantly for the first time in nearly twenty years.
:17:12. > :17:21.Billboard tells us why. It says revenues, digital revenues surpassed
:17:22. > :17:29.physical. This is about the fact we are spending more on streaming music
:17:30. > :17:34.and less on CDs and vinyl. And here is the organisation that put
:17:35. > :17:37.together the stats, the international federation of
:17:38. > :17:43.phonographic industry. It says streaming is driving up rev news. If
:17:44. > :17:45.you go back 20 years not many people would think they would be sitting as
:17:46. > :17:53.pretty as they are now. Now tax. Major corporations in
:17:54. > :17:54.Europe could be forced Here's a look a EU plans for greater
:17:55. > :18:09.transparency by Leana Hosea. Avoidance costs the EU between 60
:18:10. > :18:18.and 80 US dollars a year. That is big bucks when many countries are
:18:19. > :18:23.struggling. The new rules mean big companies earns over $850 million a
:18:24. > :18:29.year will be forced to publish their income and tax Reports from which
:18:30. > :18:37.ever EU country they operate in. How many companies will it affect? 6,500
:18:38. > :18:44.globally, including Apple, Google and Amazon. But some say it does not
:18:45. > :18:48.go far enough, it does not force disclosure in all countries. Big
:18:49. > :18:52.business fear it may be bad for them.
:18:53. > :18:55.A new report on a a plan to send a spacecraft the size
:18:56. > :18:59.Stephen Hawking is one of those backing it.
:19:00. > :19:02.For thousands of years, people have dreamed of one day
:19:03. > :19:07.The world's most famous scientist, Stephen Hawking,
:19:08. > :19:14.thinks that that day will come very soon.
:19:15. > :19:15.Astronomers believe there is reasonable a chance
:19:16. > :19:17.of an earth-like planet orbiting one of the stars
:19:18. > :19:26.There are no greater heights to aspire to than the stars.
:19:27. > :19:28.Technological developments in the last two decades
:19:29. > :19:30.and in the future make it in principle possible
:19:31. > :19:42.Already, a probe has been sent to Pluto.
:19:43. > :19:44.That is seven-and-a-half billion miles away.
:19:45. > :19:47.And Voyager 1 has reached the edge of the solar system,
:19:48. > :19:57.The plan is to send spacecraft to a star in another solar system.
:19:58. > :20:01.That is a staggering 25 trillion miles from earth.
:20:02. > :20:03.Using current technology, it would take a spacecraft 30,000
:20:04. > :20:06.years to get to our closest star, but by making them
:20:07. > :20:20.Over the years the size of spacecraft have shrunk.
:20:21. > :20:23.in the '80s this micro satellite was used for earth observation,
:20:24. > :20:26.in the '90s, this nano-satellite was launched for communications.
:20:27. > :20:29.The ultimate aim of the new research programme is to make
:20:30. > :20:36.To cram all the cameras and instruments you have in these,
:20:37. > :20:52.The idea is to launch these mini-spacecraft into
:20:53. > :20:58.A giant laser on earth would give each one a powerful push,
:20:59. > :21:14.Life on earth faces danger from astronomical events likes
:21:15. > :21:20.asteroids or super novas and there are dangers from ourselves.
:21:21. > :21:27.If we are to survive that, we must ultimately go to stars.
:21:28. > :21:30.Here in Surrey where they pioneered the development of mini satellites
:21:31. > :21:36.30 years ago, scientists believe it will be possible.
:21:37. > :21:38.What we did back in the '80s was considered very
:21:39. > :21:41.whacky, now small satellites now are all the fashion.
:21:42. > :21:45.This is currently a whacky sounding idea,
:21:46. > :21:51.Now it is not just whacky, it is just difficult.
:21:52. > :21:54.There is still a lot of work needed to develop the technology.
:21:55. > :21:56.But scientists believe that although it will be difficult,
:21:57. > :22:08.What was once a distant dream, could very soon become reality.
:22:09. > :22:20.Next at story about the sale of hair in India. There is a big domestic
:22:21. > :22:28.and a big export market and often women who are Hindus will have their
:22:29. > :22:35.hair cut at the temple. This temple in southern India is the most
:22:36. > :22:40.visited holy place in the world. 40 to 50 million pilgrims visit each
:22:41. > :22:48.year. It is also one of the largest collectors of human hair in the
:22:49. > :22:55.world, 500 tonnes a year. Most of hair weaves and wis in the word
:22:56. > :23:01.originate here. It is considered a virtue to have long hair. So why are
:23:02. > :23:02.they giving it up? Sacrificing hair to the Gods is thought to bring
:23:03. > :23:37.luck. What does it feel like when the
:23:38. > :23:54.barber was shaving your head? It is not just temple hair that is
:23:55. > :24:13.collected. 150 rue pees. OK. Not bad. Is she
:24:14. > :24:33.happy? It is a good way? Yes. Most of the
:24:34. > :24:38.hair comes from the temple? It comes from the temple and other temples
:24:39. > :24:44.other. 80% of the hair comes from the temple. So that is a lot of
:24:45. > :24:57.hair? Absolutely. How many tonnes a month? Around 10 to 15. Here we have
:24:58. > :25:04.the steam curly section? Yes. This is what is particularly popular in
:25:05. > :25:09.Africa? Yes. It is very labour intense swrif, winding the hair
:25:10. > :25:17.around a metal stick and then what happens? I goes for steam process.
:25:18. > :25:25.In a steam machine? Yes. That keeps the curls? Yes. I have seen my
:25:26. > :25:32.future is in Africa. Because I have seen hundreds of African women when
:25:33. > :25:40.they come into our shop, I see the eyes gleaming with happiness and
:25:41. > :25:46.they see so much hair. Their joys, you can't see how joyful they are,
:25:47. > :25:55.because they think their beauty is enhanced by wearing this hair
:25:56. > :25:56.phenomenally. That is it for the first half of outside source, see
:25:57. > :26:12.you in a minute. Hello, here in the UK in early
:26:13. > :26:19.spring it is hard to imagine the temperatures that have been
:26:20. > :26:21.experienced in some parts of India. Here we have a new