:00:12. > :00:17.Hello, and welcome to Outside Source. We now know for sure that
:00:18. > :00:21.Russia's entire team is banned from the Paralympics after their appeal
:00:22. > :00:25.was turned down. Is it fair? We'll hear from a Russian anti-doping
:00:26. > :00:29.official. In the UK, comedy focuses on Team
:00:30. > :00:33.GB, who arrived home today with their medals on an aeroplane adorned
:00:34. > :00:39.with a golden nose cone. We report on that.
:00:40. > :00:42.Strikes, floods and the threat of terrorism have been given for
:00:43. > :00:48.reasons why fewer tourists visiting Paris this year.
:00:49. > :00:52.Assyrian rebels a pair of a major offensive on so-called Islamic
:00:53. > :00:58.State, we'll hear from the editor of BBC Arabic to explain who each of
:00:59. > :01:09.the warring parties are. -- as Syrian rebels.
:01:10. > :01:13.We asked the greatest film of the century to a selection of critics,
:01:14. > :01:22.and you may be surprised at the answer.
:01:23. > :01:29.Russia will not compete at next month's Paralympics in Rio after
:01:30. > :01:34.losing an appeal against the ban for state-sponsored doping. Russia's
:01:35. > :01:39.Prime Minister described the same -- the decision as cynical and a blow
:01:40. > :01:42.to all disabled people, not only in Russia. The president of the
:01:43. > :01:47.International Paralympic committee said it is a sad day for the
:01:48. > :01:53.Paralympic movement, but we hope also a new beginning. He went on to
:01:54. > :01:59.say, we hope this decision act as a catalyst for change in Russia. That
:02:00. > :02:01.remains to be seen. Kate Gray, a former Paralympian, said it is
:02:02. > :02:07.important that athletes know that the games are fair. It has to be
:02:08. > :02:11.clean across-the-board. That is the only way we can all have peace of
:02:12. > :02:19.mind. I want to know everyone in a race I am in is as clean as I am.
:02:20. > :02:25.You are wondering if your Russian rival cheated or not, if they are
:02:26. > :02:28.involved in doping. Am I really the gold medallist? I don't think there
:02:29. > :02:32.is a correct answer to this or an easy way out of it, it's just a
:02:33. > :02:41.difficult situation to be in this close to the games. How does Russia
:02:42. > :02:51.go about winning back that trust? This was the acting head of Russia's
:02:52. > :02:56.anti-doping agency: We are trying to prove to the world we are changing.
:02:57. > :03:03.We provided that to the UK anti-doping agency. I think that --
:03:04. > :03:08.we provided data. It is not just a Russian problem, not all but many
:03:09. > :03:13.other countries have it. That is why clean Russian athletes should not be
:03:14. > :03:17.deprived of the right to participate in Rio. It will have quite an impact
:03:18. > :03:25.on the way the games play out. Take a look at this from 2012. This is
:03:26. > :03:35.the medal table. Russia placed second. They are now out of the mix,
:03:36. > :03:43.so how will this shake up? It will be interesting to see for the rest
:03:44. > :03:46.of the competition. Nick is in the BBC sports Centre, and he told me
:03:47. > :03:51.more about how this is viewed in Russia. Russia was really building
:03:52. > :03:55.towards what they thought would be their best attempt at bringing down
:03:56. > :04:02.the dominance of China at the Paralympics. They finished in 11th
:04:03. > :04:06.in Athens. They grew in Beijing to mid-table, 63 medals, if I remember
:04:07. > :04:10.correctly. Then built to London, where they were second on the table.
:04:11. > :04:17.I guess you have to think about the other athletes who are not former
:04:18. > :04:23.British Olympians, the ones that are the Russians. We have heard some
:04:24. > :04:27.deep, meaningful reactions from the track and field team. It is not just
:04:28. > :04:33.a shot, it seems like someone came and took everything from me. When
:04:34. > :04:36.you feel pain every day because of health problems and someone then
:04:37. > :04:43.says you are guilty when you have not done anything wrong, I cannot
:04:44. > :04:47.find words. A long jumper says: There is no common sense, no point
:04:48. > :04:58.in searching for hidden motives. We are simply pawns in a big game that
:04:59. > :05:04.we have nothing to do with. There was a quote suggesting it was a
:05:05. > :05:11.state-sponsored programme trying to bring Russia down. There are
:05:12. > :05:17.particular athletes and coaches who are because of the problem, and they
:05:18. > :05:21.think that targeting all disabled people is what this decision has
:05:22. > :05:24.done. That is the key that the Russian Prime Minister was putting a
:05:25. > :05:28.cause. We also saw the quote about it being a catalyst for change. As
:05:29. > :05:34.you follow this saga, which it has been over the last few months, that
:05:35. > :05:38.Russia might start with a clean slate for Tokyo 2020? They will go
:05:39. > :05:42.back to the drawing room and work out a more strict approach to how
:05:43. > :05:46.they manage doping issues. They think it is definitely a problem
:05:47. > :05:53.across the world, whether it is medicinal or not. Athletes who are
:05:54. > :05:58.not Russian constantly tell us they are taking drugs as well. It is a
:05:59. > :06:08.different reaction we are seeing from the IOC. A spokesperson said
:06:09. > :06:12.that banning all Russians would be the nuclear approach. The IPC have
:06:13. > :06:21.taken the nuclear approach, and they hope that it will cause the correct
:06:22. > :06:25.outcome for the long-term, not just in Paralympics but across the board,
:06:26. > :06:32.into the Olympic arena as well. Thank you for that analysis. Let's
:06:33. > :06:34.turn to Turkey. They bombarded so-called Islamic State
:06:35. > :06:38.across-the-board in northern Syria. I will show you the region in
:06:39. > :06:54.northern Syria we are talking about. The bombing has been in the northern
:06:55. > :07:08.town of Jarablus. People have been told to leave their homes. That is
:07:09. > :07:16.not from the town where bombing from so-called Islamic State at a wedding
:07:17. > :07:19.was responsible for several deaths. Turkey was seen as a reluctant part
:07:20. > :07:22.of the US-led coalition against so-called Islamic State. There was a
:07:23. > :07:27.time in the first part of the Syrian war when the border about an hour
:07:28. > :07:31.away from here was seen as largely porous, lugging jihadistss and
:07:32. > :07:36.weapons to cross freely into Syria, but then there has been a wave of
:07:37. > :07:40.IES bombings against Turkey in the larger, including one last Saturday
:07:41. > :07:46.against a wedding party, killing 50 people, all of the signs pointing to
:07:47. > :07:55.the idea that it was an IES attack. Now, Turkey is preparing for a major
:07:56. > :08:00.offensive against the IES- held town of Jarablus. Fighters are here in
:08:01. > :08:05.Turkey preparing for that post was last night, the Turkish Government
:08:06. > :08:08.opened an aerial bombardment campaign against IES positions to
:08:09. > :08:14.open up a corridor for that imminent offensive. At the same time, Turkey
:08:15. > :08:18.is bombing Syrian Kurdish positions because it does not want the coach
:08:19. > :08:21.to consolidate territory on the other side of the border because
:08:22. > :08:26.that could foster Kurdish separatism in Turkey. It is a two pronged
:08:27. > :08:31.attack that Turkey is considering and now launching. The fear for
:08:32. > :08:35.ordinary Turks is that that could prompt more IES revenge attacks in
:08:36. > :08:41.Turkey as this country increasingly pays the price of a war that is not
:08:42. > :08:45.its own. The Kurdish involvement in northern
:08:46. > :08:49.Syria is key to understanding why Jarablus is so important. They
:08:50. > :08:55.already control the region to the east. Let's move out. All this area
:08:56. > :09:03.is around here, they want to connect that territory to this territory
:09:04. > :09:12.that is farther west of Jarablus. It is also one the Turkish border. FA
:09:13. > :09:15.control Jarablus, they would have an uninterrupted swathes of land under
:09:16. > :09:20.control will stop the cards are only one active group in the region.
:09:21. > :09:24.There is also Syria, Turkey, Russia and the United States, all fighting
:09:25. > :09:29.against so-called Islamic State, but that does not mean they are allied
:09:30. > :09:33.with each other. The editor of BBC Arabic talked us through what each
:09:34. > :09:38.side is trying to achieve, starting with the Kurdish forces.
:09:39. > :09:43.It is clear and simple - they want an independent state, and they
:09:44. > :09:46.believe they have been promised that since 1920 and they have never had
:09:47. > :09:51.the chance to achieve it. They missed many occasions in the past
:09:52. > :09:55.decades to achieve it, but they didn't manage. Now they feel that
:09:56. > :10:01.this is the golden opportunity to achieve that. To get that, they need
:10:02. > :10:07.to gain more territories in a defined area where they can say,
:10:08. > :10:12.this is where we want to build our own state, or a minimum of autonomy,
:10:13. > :10:16.this is what they are aiming for. This is at odds with what Turkey is
:10:17. > :10:22.trying to achieve. Tell us about that. Turkey is the main enemy to
:10:23. > :10:28.this project. They feel it is a red line. They deal with the Kurdish
:10:29. > :10:33.ambitions as a national security issue, and this is not starting now,
:10:34. > :10:39.it started a long time ago, even when the PKK were fighting inside
:10:40. > :10:42.Turkey. Now they are ready to do anything to stop this project,
:10:43. > :10:48.because they feel this is really crossing beyond the aspirations of
:10:49. > :10:55.the Turkish strategy. I am going to introduce another group, Syrian
:10:56. > :10:59.Government for forces -- Syrian Government forces. Whether they come
:11:00. > :11:03.in? They are trying to send messages. It started as a war of
:11:04. > :11:07.survival, they felt like if they could join the fight against
:11:08. > :11:11.so-called Islamic State, this would help the Government in staying in
:11:12. > :11:16.power will stop what they are doing now is sending messages to Turkey
:11:17. > :11:29.that they are ready to fight against this Kurdish dream inside Syrian
:11:30. > :11:35.territories. This is Sun 's -- something they cannot allow. Syrian
:11:36. > :11:42.forces are fighting on their own land. This was a message that they
:11:43. > :11:44.sent during the weekend, by clashing with the Kurdish forces.
:11:45. > :11:51.Unfortunately, they did not manage to stay inside that area. It doesn't
:11:52. > :11:58.end there. We also have the United States and Russia involved. How do
:11:59. > :12:03.you see that? Now, Syria is, the future of Syria is being decided by
:12:04. > :12:13.superpowers as well. It is night own -- it is not only a fight of local
:12:14. > :12:18.parties. The Kurdish forces are seen as the main support to their
:12:19. > :12:22.presence in the region. After the Government forces in Syria are
:12:23. > :12:27.protected by the Russians and supported by the Russians. Now, we
:12:28. > :12:31.are in the process of seeing a shift in the Turkish position towards more
:12:32. > :12:34.understanding for the Assad position. This leaves the United
:12:35. > :12:41.States with one strong ally, which is the Kurdish forces inside Syria.
:12:42. > :12:46.They are trying to support them as much as they can, but now the game
:12:47. > :12:53.is open, and anyone has to show who is the much more powerful and who
:12:54. > :12:57.can impose its rules. This story is getting a lot of
:12:58. > :13:01.pick-up in the UK, about women who have children and how they can be
:13:02. > :13:06.paid up to a third less than men by the time their first child has
:13:07. > :13:13.reached 12 years of age. That's according to new figures from the
:13:14. > :13:18.think tank the Institute for Fiscal Studies. Mothers who take time out
:13:19. > :13:20.or work fewer hours miss out significantly. Let's hear from our
:13:21. > :13:34.economic said that. The ups and major downs
:13:35. > :13:35.of the gender wage gap. and graduates there is still
:13:36. > :13:37.a significant pay penalty. In this London park
:13:38. > :13:45.opinions were clear. The ups and major downs
:13:46. > :13:47.of the gender wage gap. Yes, it has been reducing over all,
:13:48. > :13:49.but for mothers and graduates there is still
:13:50. > :13:52.a significant pay penalty. In this London park
:13:53. > :13:53.opinions were clear. Having children presented major
:13:54. > :13:55.career challenges, ones that men Women struggle with
:13:56. > :13:59.the issue of having to be perfect mothers at home and then
:14:00. > :14:02.having to be perfect in their I have taken a pay cut
:14:03. > :14:06.because I changed my career and I So, I don't think
:14:07. > :14:09.that's a gender issue. The gender wage gap
:14:10. > :14:11.has been declining. In 1993 there was a 28% difference
:14:12. > :14:14.in the hourly income of But there are
:14:15. > :14:18.significant variations. For mothers the wage
:14:19. > :14:20.gap grows to 33% by the time the first child
:14:21. > :14:22.reaches 12 years old. What happens when women
:14:23. > :14:24.reduce their hours of paid work, for whatever reason at that point
:14:25. > :14:27.a lot of them find that wage
:14:28. > :14:28.progression shuts down. That could be because they're
:14:29. > :14:31.genuinely not gathering the skills and experience that employers
:14:32. > :14:33.value in their jobs. It could be something to do
:14:34. > :14:35.with a form of discrimination or power that employers
:14:36. > :14:38.are exercising over those women in The workplace has certainly
:14:39. > :14:40.changed since the 1940s. But the persistent wage
:14:41. > :14:46.gap is still with us. Before a family arrives
:14:47. > :14:48.there is already a Some people argue
:14:49. > :14:54.at least part of the Mothers making the decision to leave
:14:55. > :14:59.work to look after their children. But although that may
:15:00. > :15:01.partially be true, is it really a choice
:15:02. > :15:02.when child care is so prohibitively
:15:03. > :15:07.expensive for many? Is it a choice when flexible
:15:08. > :15:10.working is not valued as highly by many businesses as
:15:11. > :15:15.traditional 9-5 working is it really a choice that when women return
:15:16. > :15:18.to work they miss out on future We have about 750 employees,
:15:19. > :15:29.about 70% women... Laura runs a mother
:15:30. > :15:31.and child clothing firm. She encourages employees,
:15:32. > :15:33.men and women, And welcomes parents
:15:34. > :15:35.back to the office. If you have been a full-time parent
:15:36. > :15:37.or been working in a less demanding job
:15:38. > :15:41.for a few years whilst children are young, you still have a huge amount
:15:42. > :15:44.to offer and I am very keen on employing people who have had babies
:15:45. > :15:48.and are keen to come back to the Businesses will be forced to publish
:15:49. > :15:57.the pay rates for men and women. More shared parental
:15:58. > :15:58.leave is available but end the pay gap
:15:59. > :16:00.in a That lofty target is still a long
:16:01. > :16:17.way from being hit. More in a couple of minutes from
:16:18. > :16:27.Paris, where tourist numbers have fallen because of strikes, floods
:16:28. > :16:31.and fear of terrorist attacks. The Ministry of Defence says a soldier
:16:32. > :16:34.from The Royal Regiment of Scotland has died during a night-time
:16:35. > :16:38.exercise with live ammunition. It happened at the Otterburn training
:16:39. > :16:44.area in Northumberland last night. Mark Benton is at the base. The red
:16:45. > :16:50.flag flying behind me at the entrance to Otterburn military camp
:16:51. > :16:55.is an indication that live firing is a possibility to stop a live firing
:16:56. > :17:04.exercise was taking place here last night, a five-hour exercise,
:17:05. > :17:10.starting at 9pm and running until 2am. At 11:15pm it was reported that
:17:11. > :17:15.a soldier had a serious head injury. He died at the scene. This is one of
:17:16. > :17:20.the biggest military bases in the country. It is the second largest
:17:21. > :17:21.live firing range in the country, and it covers a vast area of the
:17:22. > :17:38.Northumberland countryside. This is Outside Source, live from
:17:39. > :17:45.the BBC newsroom. Our lead story: Russia will not be allowed to appear
:17:46. > :17:53.at the Paralympic games embryo after their appeal against an anti-doping
:17:54. > :18:05.ban was rejected. The game -- Paralympic games in Rio.
:18:06. > :18:12.An Olympic marathon runner from India was not provided water, she
:18:13. > :18:19.alleges. She collapsed after finishing 89th in Rio. Officials say
:18:20. > :18:25.that he/she and her coach refused refreshments. BBC Hindi has more on
:18:26. > :18:32.story today. Time for Outside Source business. We
:18:33. > :18:35.will start in Paris, one of the world's top tourist destinations.
:18:36. > :18:42.Recently, the city of light has been shining a little less brightly. That
:18:43. > :18:47.is in the mains three minds of many holiday-makers. Strikes, floods and
:18:48. > :18:51.the threat of terrorist attacks have caused the creases in the numbers
:18:52. > :19:00.visiting. Let's take a look at exactly what that means in real
:19:01. > :19:07.terms. We'll begin with the big fear. We also have the tourist board
:19:08. > :19:12.figures, showing that Hotel visits are down by 8.5% in the yield of
:19:13. > :19:28.France region in the first half of 2016. -- Ile de France. Hugh
:19:29. > :19:32.Schofield reports. This is what it is supposed to be like cinematic
:19:33. > :19:37.hundreds of happy Chinese tourists visiting a classic Parisi and dance
:19:38. > :19:40.show on the Champs-Elysees. Of course, there is more security
:19:41. > :19:47.nowadays, but even the police seem willing to relax a bit. Sadly, it's
:19:48. > :19:52.not all smiles around the must see sights of the city. Numbers are down
:19:53. > :19:58.by a lot. These new figures from the tourist board paint a grim picture.
:19:59. > :20:02.At the Arc de Triomphe, there are 35% fewer tourists than a year ago.
:20:03. > :20:10.At Versailles, numbers are down by 16%. At the Granta Lay Museum,
:20:11. > :20:14.numbers are down by 46%. The number of Japanese tourists has plummeted
:20:15. > :20:18.by nearly 50%. Of course, terrorism is the main factor explaining why
:20:19. > :20:23.the numbers are going down. Many would-be visitors are simply too
:20:24. > :20:27.scared to come. People in the tourist business say that terrorism
:20:28. > :20:33.is not the only issue, and it mustn't be allowed to mask other
:20:34. > :20:38.disincentives to coming, which Parisi and Andy French need to
:20:39. > :20:45.address. In hotels like this, customers bring other complaints
:20:46. > :20:51.about the city, about a more general level of insecurity. There are other
:20:52. > :20:57.reasons, more links to the social environment that is quite difficult.
:20:58. > :21:00.Linked to insecurity in Paris. Unfortunately, there are a lot of
:21:01. > :21:08.things that have happened in the last few weeks, which do not help
:21:09. > :21:11.the image of Paris. There was trouble linked to labour protests
:21:12. > :21:21.earlier in the summer. Floods, and for the Chinese and other Asians,
:21:22. > :21:27.reports of muggings and robbing is the mac targeting them. France
:21:28. > :21:31.remain the world's biggest tourist destination, but nobody wants to
:21:32. > :21:37.feel unsafe on holiday, and France undoubtedly feels less safe than it
:21:38. > :21:41.used to. She Schofield, BBC News, Paris. -- you Schofield. Donald
:21:42. > :21:45.Trump says he wants to make America great again. According to his
:21:46. > :21:49.campaign, changes to international trade agreements will help to
:21:50. > :21:56.realise his vision for the United States will stop how plausible are
:21:57. > :22:02.his proposals? We asked senior economic adviser about from's
:22:03. > :22:06.protectionist platform. Protectionism is not what he is
:22:07. > :22:12.describing. He is describing a trade policy that creates jobs in the US,
:22:13. > :22:18.rather than the emperors is on creating jobs abroad. So, in order
:22:19. > :22:26.to do... And that is where the blue-collar worker, meaning people
:22:27. > :22:30.who work hard every day, working with machinery, working with skills
:22:31. > :22:39.that create goads, those workers have not done well in the trade
:22:40. > :22:44.environment that we've created. That was the senior economic adviser to
:22:45. > :22:51.the Trump campaign. Let's speak to Samir Hussein, who is live in New
:22:52. > :22:55.York. Good to have you with us. Also interesting to hear those views.
:22:56. > :23:01.What about Donald Trump? Are his economic plans protectionist?
:23:02. > :23:06.Well, he did speak out against Arlott of trade agreements. One he
:23:07. > :23:08.mentioned was the North American Free Trade Agreement, which
:23:09. > :23:17.encompasses Canada, the United States and Mexico. -- against a lot
:23:18. > :23:22.of trade agreements. He said it didn't -- if it didn't work in
:23:23. > :23:28.America's favour, he would want to walk away. He also spoke out against
:23:29. > :23:31.the transpacific partnership, a trade agreement that the Democratic
:23:32. > :23:36.presidential nominee Hillary Clinton has spoken out against. If you
:23:37. > :23:40.compare the two of them in terms of the language they use around trade,
:23:41. > :23:47.she certainly strikes a somewhat more friendly tone compared to Mr
:23:48. > :23:53.Trump. What about these economic plans that have been laid out and
:23:54. > :23:59.issues like this? Our day popular with the American public? Well, the
:24:00. > :24:04.challenges and what Donald Trump is trying to do, is to appeal to a
:24:05. > :24:10.large mass of people. When speaking in Detroit, he spoke out against any
:24:11. > :24:13.trade policies because many blue-collar workers feel that they
:24:14. > :24:19.have been done a disservice as a result of these trade agreements.
:24:20. > :24:22.Then, when he speaks to other groups, he will sort of make
:24:23. > :24:28.comments that would work to them. A big part of that is, of course, also
:24:29. > :24:32.politics. Depending on whom you ask, there are some who believe that
:24:33. > :24:36.perhaps Hillary Clinton is in the best position to really lead the US
:24:37. > :24:42.economy, given her political experience, but others believe that
:24:43. > :24:48.time is now for a business leader and he could possibly in a better
:24:49. > :24:58.position. Just briefly, I think he believes he think he could get a
:24:59. > :25:01.better deal. Could he? There is a clause that allows for
:25:02. > :25:04.renegotiation. When I asked directly about whether they would walk
:25:05. > :25:08.directly away from the agreement if they didn't like what was made
:25:09. > :25:13.available to them, David Malpass walked away from that and said,
:25:14. > :25:17.there is a lot of wiggle room in terms of negotiation, perhaps that
:25:18. > :25:19.is where we should place our energy. Maybe a bit of walking back from
:25:20. > :25:26.that. Thank you very much. I have some
:25:27. > :25:31.pictures to show you from a festival of watermelons in Azerbaijan. One of
:25:32. > :25:32.the events is competitive watermelons mashing with your head.
:25:33. > :26:01.Take a look. My head hurts just looking at it!
:26:02. > :26:03.Stay with us. More to come in the next half-hour.