:00:09. > :00:10.Hello, I'm Ros Atkins, this is Outside Source.
:00:11. > :00:14.Let's look through some of the main stories here in the BBC Newsroom.
:00:15. > :00:21.The fiercest Caribbean storm in almost a decade has struck Haiti.
:00:22. > :00:24.Wind, rain and a massive storm surge have flooded coastal towns.
:00:25. > :00:30.It's just a few hours until the second debate
:00:31. > :00:41.This time it's the two vice presidential candidates,
:00:42. > :00:47.We've got a report from the BBC's Asian Network that's looked into how
:00:48. > :00:50.some Asian families in the UK are using informal adoptions to help
:00:51. > :01:02.Maria Sharapova has had her band from ten is reduced and she's going
:01:03. > :01:08.to be back on the court by April. We will speak about that and Fifa plans
:01:09. > :01:19.to expand the World Cup -- from tennis. -- ban.
:01:20. > :01:22.For once, and you suspect it will only be once,
:01:23. > :01:25.the running mates are centre stage in the US presidential election.
:01:26. > :01:36.Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump have kept them in the shade.
:01:37. > :01:43.But these two are Tim Kaine and Mike Pence.
:01:44. > :01:46.One of them is going to be the next vice president.
:01:47. > :01:50.Who better to introduce you to them than Katty Kay?
:01:51. > :02:00.Let's assume there are people who are starting from scratch, tell us
:02:01. > :02:04.about these two men. Those people are not alone, many Americans can't
:02:05. > :02:10.name the vice president candidates either, so don't be ashamed. We
:02:11. > :02:16.haven't seen much from them. This isn't Sara Payne in, who everybody
:02:17. > :02:21.knew in 2008. Mike Pence is the governor of Indiana, the Republican
:02:22. > :02:25.Vice President candidate, chosen by Donald Trump. A good reputation in
:02:26. > :02:32.Washington, colleagues say he is a good person to work with and has
:02:33. > :02:36.reached out across the aisle. He has had to step in after his boss,
:02:37. > :02:44.effectively, Donald Trump has said things that were perhaps a bit off
:02:45. > :02:52.the radar. Tim Kaine is a senator from Virginia, former governor. He
:02:53. > :02:56.is the Democrat vice presidential candidate, he's been around for
:02:57. > :03:00.Washington in a long time as well. Both of them very religious. Mike
:03:01. > :03:05.Pence called himself a Christian Conservative Republican in that
:03:06. > :03:09.order and Tim Kaine served as a missionary in Honduras so he has
:03:10. > :03:20.some Hispanic background as well, but both of them very Christian. Let
:03:21. > :03:26.me bring up something from Twitter. Asking how important are the role of
:03:27. > :03:32.the vice president. These two men are heartbeat away from the
:03:33. > :03:37.presidency, as they like to say here. God for bid, if one of the
:03:38. > :03:43.candidates were elected and died in office, then the vice president
:03:44. > :03:47.constitutionally would take over. Since we have the two oldest
:03:48. > :03:51.candidates ever running for the White House, Hillary Clinton will be
:03:52. > :03:56.69 by the time of the election and Donald Trump is already 70, anyone
:03:57. > :04:01.with concerns about the health of either of them will be looking hard,
:04:02. > :04:08.or should be looking hard at the vice presidential pick. I want to
:04:09. > :04:14.show our poll of polls, the major polling on the main presidential
:04:15. > :04:19.race. We have a gap, Hillary Clinton on 49 and Trump on 44. We've spoken
:04:20. > :04:25.about this enough times to know that it goes up and down. That's a
:04:26. > :04:32.5-point gap, not to be dismissed. It comes after the first debate which
:04:33. > :04:37.Hillary Clinton was widely seen to have won. What I think is
:04:38. > :04:42.interesting about the poll is that you are right, Hillary Clinton is
:04:43. > :04:46.comfortably ahead, five points is a comfortable lead, but the floor
:04:47. > :04:51.hasn't fallen out of Donald Trump's support, he's still in the 40s and
:04:52. > :04:56.people couldn't go through the debate experience, and his criticism
:04:57. > :05:03.of the former Miss universe experience, and his tax revelations,
:05:04. > :05:09.it has been a busy week! Supporters aren't leaving him in droves. He
:05:10. > :05:13.still has that support. You know this, the most important polls to
:05:14. > :05:20.look at are not the national numbers but each of those individual's
:05:21. > :05:21.battle ground states that will make up the result of the election. Thank
:05:22. > :05:25.you for joining us. The debate starts at 9pm eastern
:05:26. > :05:32.time in the US on Tuesday evening, that's 0100 GMT Wednesday,
:05:33. > :05:38.2am for those of you in the UK. Laura Trevelyan will host
:05:39. > :05:51.a special programme where We are going to stay in the US
:05:52. > :05:56.because this is a story of huge potential importance. Some copy has
:05:57. > :06:06.come in from Reuters over the last hour and a half,, telling us that in
:06:07. > :06:11.2015 Yahoo. Custom software programmes to search all users'
:06:12. > :06:19.incoming e-mails for US intelligence forces. Reuters is not naming its
:06:20. > :06:22.sources but Yahoo has responded saying it is a law-abiding company
:06:23. > :06:32.and complies with the laws of the US. Our tech reporter David Lee has
:06:33. > :06:38.been watching this. On the face of it, this seems very significant?
:06:39. > :06:44.Yes, absolutely. As you mentioned, this is a report from Reuters so we
:06:45. > :06:49.are going from what they've said and we are waiting for Yahoo to give
:06:50. > :06:54.more details about it but it looks very damaging, saying that in 2015,
:06:55. > :07:01.software was created to help US intelligence authorities scan
:07:02. > :07:07.incoming e-mails, presumably from people without using Yahoo itself
:07:08. > :07:10.and to search for certain strings of characters in those e-mails, words
:07:11. > :07:15.or phrases, you assume, that would be of interest to the intelligence
:07:16. > :07:18.services. Many technology companies were implicated by the Edward
:07:19. > :07:22.Snowden leaks but this one is different with the mention of
:07:23. > :07:28.specially created software to do that. Other companies since we say
:07:29. > :07:34.that they comply with requests. I must stress that we are waiting for
:07:35. > :07:41.Yahoo to give more information about their level of cooperation with the
:07:42. > :07:46.security services. Leaving Yahoo to one side, hypothetically do the
:07:47. > :07:53.security services in America have the power to tell a company to do
:07:54. > :07:58.this? The interesting debate is about the content of the message. In
:07:59. > :08:02.the same way that if you phoned somebody up there it is relatively
:08:03. > :08:07.simple for the police to go to rate telephone company and say they would
:08:08. > :08:10.like to know the recipient of the call but what is more difficult and
:08:11. > :08:16.legally tricky is to find out the content. When we talk about requests
:08:17. > :08:19.to companies like Apple it has been about the senders and receivers and
:08:20. > :08:25.the messages themselves have been encrypted. There was a high-profile
:08:26. > :08:30.case involving Apple and the FBI Apple defended themselves strongly
:08:31. > :08:35.saying that they shouldn't be forced to hand over the contents of
:08:36. > :08:42.messages. That is the tricky legal ground. We are waiting to see if
:08:43. > :08:45.Yahoo went a step further than that. Yahoo have said that they are a
:08:46. > :08:52.law-abiding company and have complied with requests. The detail
:08:53. > :08:56.is going to be important, when we find out what compliance meant in
:08:57. > :09:01.this particular instance. A busy day. Thank you for joining us. Sport
:09:02. > :09:05.now. This is the main story. Maria Sharapova has had her
:09:06. > :09:09.ban reduced on appeal. She'll be back playing
:09:10. > :09:12.professional tennis from April, that's nine months earlier
:09:13. > :09:14.than her original punishment. Her offence was to take
:09:15. > :09:18.a drug called meldonium. This is some of the ruling
:09:19. > :09:31.from the Court of The panel in charge of the matter
:09:32. > :09:39.had to examine whether the player's fold was significant or not. The
:09:40. > :09:43.arbitrators from CAS decided that this Sharapova had some fault as she
:09:44. > :09:47.and her entourage failed to make sure that the substance contained in
:09:48. > :09:51.the product she has been taking over a long period remains in compliance
:09:52. > :09:59.with the regulations. Maria Sharapova has put up a long
:10:00. > :10:04.page on Facebook. In a statement on her Facebook page
:10:05. > :10:19.Sharapova said she was "counting Her racket sponsor, Head, saying
:10:20. > :10:28.that they stood with her. Not everyone was delighted with that
:10:29. > :10:33.tweet and the tone. Sharapova took a drug that had been placed on the
:10:34. > :10:37.banned list, something she had been sent a link to but she says she
:10:38. > :10:48.didn't see. The world and to the authority banned -- world antidote
:10:49. > :10:53.the authority. This CAS panel has said that both about an athlete who
:10:54. > :10:58.treated -- world anti-doping authority.
:10:59. > :10:59.Fifa's president Gianni Infantino has suggested opening up
:11:00. > :11:02.the World Cup finals to allow 48 countries to compete
:11:03. > :11:16.Olly Foster joins me. How is this going to work? It was part of his
:11:17. > :11:22.presidential manifesto saying it would go from 32 to 40, a vote
:11:23. > :11:29.winner for Gianni Infantino, the nations who thought they could get
:11:30. > :11:37.in on the party. He has come out with this 48 figure. Slightly
:11:38. > :11:41.misleading. There will be a core group of 16 nations who go straight
:11:42. > :11:48.into the World Cup proper and then 32 extra nations who make up the 48
:11:49. > :11:56.who will go into this preliminary knockout round, still in the host
:11:57. > :12:00.nation. 48 nations at one point. You imagine that the tournament would
:12:01. > :12:05.have to be expanded by at least a week and a half, up to five other
:12:06. > :12:11.half weeks. Usually the World Cup is four weeks. 16 go straight into the
:12:12. > :12:22.court World Cup and 32 going for a 16 match knockout round to see how
:12:23. > :12:28.the other 16 joined the core group of 16. A lot of people excited about
:12:29. > :12:33.that. I'm not sure I'm convinced. When might it happen? We already
:12:34. > :12:49.into the 20 18th qualifying for Russia, so it won't happen, and not
:12:50. > :12:50.into 2022 in Fatah. So -- Qatar. So it would be 2026. Thank you for
:12:51. > :12:59.joining us. We've got a report from here
:13:00. > :13:02.in the UK on how some some Asian families are using informal
:13:03. > :13:04.adoptions to help couples We will speak to one of the
:13:05. > :13:23.reporters. Three British-born scientists have
:13:24. > :13:31.been awarded the Nobel Prize for science. A range of research. Let's
:13:32. > :13:37.see the latest report. From steel strong enough to hold up bridges to
:13:38. > :13:41.the intricate robots on a production line, to the devices in our everyday
:13:42. > :13:46.lives, we depend on materials that have qualities that make them useful
:13:47. > :13:50.for particular tasks but there is an unseen world of materials that don't
:13:51. > :13:56.behave in ways you'd expect and research into that world was awarded
:13:57. > :13:59.the Nobel Prize for physics today. Three scientists born in Britain,
:14:00. > :14:07.recognised for making some strange and complicated discoveries. One of
:14:08. > :14:14.the judges resorted to using pastries to explain the work. This
:14:15. > :14:21.bagel has one hole. How materials change characteristics at the
:14:22. > :14:25.smallest of scales. One winner was applauded by his students at
:14:26. > :14:30.Princeton University. Congratulations! He told us that
:14:31. > :14:35.fundamental research could lead to unpredictable benefits. Science goes
:14:36. > :14:40.by people exploring whether they want to go and sometimes they find
:14:41. > :14:43.something good and sometimes it leads to technology, so we don't
:14:44. > :14:47.know where it's going to go. It's important that people follow their
:14:48. > :14:53.dream and don't be constrained to work on something that the funding
:14:54. > :14:59.agency thinks is going to be in the national interest. What has the
:15:00. > :15:04.prize been awarded for? It is revealing that materials can exist
:15:05. > :15:09.in states that we didn't think of. Water, when it is heated it is in
:15:10. > :15:14.the form of steam come a bit cool and it becomes a liquid you can
:15:15. > :15:18.drink, colder still and it freezes into ice bucket challenge out that
:15:19. > :15:22.when the temperature is even lower, materials can exist in a range of
:15:23. > :15:26.different states in which they behave in ways that are not
:15:27. > :15:33.expected. Allowing electricity to flow without resistance. If this can
:15:34. > :15:37.be controlled, new and much faster computers may be on the cards so the
:15:38. > :15:45.research is seen as having huge potential. The 23 -- the three
:15:46. > :15:47.prizewinners were seen as going out on alien but now they are
:15:48. > :16:04.mainstream. This is Outside Source. Haiti has
:16:05. > :16:06.been hit by a huge hurricane, wind, rain and a massive storm surge
:16:07. > :16:17.flooding coastal towns. If you're outside of the UK,
:16:18. > :16:20.it's World News America next. They'll have a report
:16:21. > :16:22.on an unannounced visit that Pope Francis made to
:16:23. > :16:24.the town of Amatrice. You might remember that it was
:16:25. > :16:27.the town that was worst hit by an earthquake
:16:28. > :16:29.in August that killed 300. Here in the UK, the
:16:30. > :16:33.News at Ten is next. They ve got an interview
:16:34. > :16:38.with director Ken Loach, whose latest film won
:16:39. > :16:50.the prestigious Palme D'Or at Breaking news that will be of
:16:51. > :16:57.interest to those of you watching on the BBC News Channel in the UK
:16:58. > :17:02.because the press Association has reported that Diane James has quit
:17:03. > :17:07.as leader of the UK Independence party 18 days after she took over
:17:08. > :17:12.according to a senior source talking to the press Association. Diane
:17:13. > :17:17.James took over from Nigel Farage who had been leader of Ukip for many
:17:18. > :17:22.years and he was a crucial figure in pushing for a referendum on
:17:23. > :17:28.membership of the European Union and he was a crucial figure in the
:17:29. > :17:33.successful campaign to leave, getting the vote for Brexit. He
:17:34. > :17:38.decided his work is done. Diane James was elected as his
:17:39. > :17:44.replacement. This is extraordinary, she has been in the job for 18 days
:17:45. > :17:52.and according to a party source, she is standing down. In terms of
:17:53. > :17:58.British politics they remain very important.
:17:59. > :18:04.Report from here in the UK on how some some Asian families
:18:05. > :18:07.are using informal adoptions to help couples who can't have babies.
:18:08. > :18:10.This is where on family one couple gives their child to another
:18:11. > :18:13.Here are two people who discovered their parents
:18:14. > :18:29.I was 17, it was my sorrow that mother's birthday and my biological
:18:30. > :18:36.mother had travelled from Kenya and she broke the news to me moments
:18:37. > :18:44.before the celebrations began. He said not to tell anybody. It had an
:18:45. > :18:47.effect on me and my well-being. I was churning inside and I found
:18:48. > :18:53.myself vomiting, constantly being sick. My natural parents gave me
:18:54. > :18:59.away within a few days of being born because I was one of three siblings,
:19:00. > :19:05.I was kind of a mistake so my uncle and aunt teeth adopted me and at the
:19:06. > :19:10.age of 13 when my natural parents saw I was becoming a gangster, they
:19:11. > :19:14.decided to bring me to England and that is when they broke the news to
:19:15. > :19:22.me that they are my natural parents. I was shocked. My parents would let
:19:23. > :19:23.me get away with anything and here I was, my mum would say that I can't
:19:24. > :19:36.do this and I can't go out. Many of these adoptions take place
:19:37. > :19:41.through informal means, not necessarily through the adoption
:19:42. > :19:46.process, there may not be paperwork. There may be members of an extended
:19:47. > :19:51.family passing on their child to another couple in the family.
:19:52. > :19:56.Whether it is illegal, it can depend on the paperwork in each individual
:19:57. > :20:01.case. How common is it? Hard to know because there are numbers, many
:20:02. > :20:07.don't go through a formal process so it is hard to know how many cases
:20:08. > :20:11.are like this. Anecdotally, we've spoken to dozens of people find out
:20:12. > :20:16.that their auntie 's and uncles are their parents, there seem to be many
:20:17. > :20:20.cases in the UK and when you look at countries like Pakistan, India and
:20:21. > :20:24.places in Africa there are likely to be many more of cases.
:20:25. > :20:26.And you can listen to the full Asian Network documentary
:20:27. > :20:42.Let's go back to the US vice presidential debate.
:20:43. > :20:45.Recent polls have shown that than 40 per cent of Americans,
:20:46. > :20:48.still can't name the VP nominees, of either major party.
:20:49. > :20:56.We asked people in New York if they knew.
:20:57. > :21:12.We are asking people if they can pick the vice president candidates
:21:13. > :21:27.out of this. Erm... That's McCain, right? This guy, I don't remember
:21:28. > :21:34.his name. That is the Democrat guy. Hillary picked someone as neutral as
:21:35. > :21:47.anything, she loves neutral. This guy? That is Vladimir boot in! --
:21:48. > :22:08.Vladimir Putin. I've forgotten his name, I don't remember. Mike Pitts?
:22:09. > :22:15.Mike Pence. Mainstream America doesn't want that. The candidates
:22:16. > :22:18.who are running for the presidency, I'm not very enthusiastic about
:22:19. > :22:24.either of them so I haven't done a lot of research on the vice
:22:25. > :22:29.president job candidates. Americans need to focus on who the president
:22:30. > :22:37.is going to be first. It is as depressing as hell. A bit more
:22:38. > :22:42.information on the breaking story that the leader of Ukip Diane James
:22:43. > :22:46.has resigned. The BBC confirmed that is the case and PA has spoken to
:22:47. > :22:52.Nigel Farage her predecessor and asked him if he would return and he
:22:53. > :22:59.said he wouldn't for $10 million and if he was asked if he would take $20
:23:00. > :23:03.million he said Mayer, I'm retired. -- he said no.