0:00:09 > 0:00:13Hello, I'm Philippa Thomas, this is Outside Source.
0:00:13 > 0:00:15President Putin says Russia has developed a new array of invincible
0:00:15 > 0:00:20nuclear weapons that can "reach anywhere in the world".
0:00:20 > 0:00:25Prompting this response from the pentagon.
0:00:25 > 0:00:29We're not surprised by this statement. And the American people
0:00:29 > 0:00:37should rest assured that we are fully prepared.President Trump says
0:00:37 > 0:00:41he'll impose swingeing tariffs on imported steel and aluminium next
0:00:41 > 0:00:43week. We'll bring you the latest from Washington.
0:00:43 > 0:00:46Europe sees some of its lowest temperatures in years ,
0:00:46 > 0:00:54hitting minus 40 degrees celsius in places.
0:00:54 > 0:00:57A
0:00:58 > 0:01:00And the strange case of a woman who thought God
0:01:00 > 0:01:03was telling her to self-harm , an illusion that was
0:01:03 > 0:01:12caused by a brain tumour.
0:01:12 > 0:01:15Welcome to Outside Source...
0:01:15 > 0:01:18We start with the revelations from the Russian President's annual
0:01:18 > 0:01:24state of the nation speech.
0:01:24 > 0:01:30Here's how our Moscow Correspondent described it
0:01:38 > 0:01:40And indeed Russians will vote on March 18th, an election
0:01:40 > 0:01:42Vladimir Putin is widely expected to win.
0:01:42 > 0:01:52Here's what the president had to say to court the soldiers' vote.
0:01:54 > 0:02:01we were working on the development of weaponry technologies.We've made
0:02:01 > 0:02:06significant new steps in creating new systems of strategic weaponry.
0:02:06 > 0:02:14Let me remind you that the United States create their dire ballistic
0:02:14 > 0:02:23protection against strategic missiles. This is the basis of our
0:02:23 > 0:02:27strategic weaponry as well as other countries.
0:02:27 > 0:02:31One element to the speech that was picked up by Alec Luhn
0:02:31 > 0:02:38from the Telegraph
0:02:41 > 0:02:43Reuters gave this reaction from the US - the Pentagon downplays
0:02:43 > 0:02:45Russian President Vladimir Putin's announcement of new nuclear
0:02:45 > 0:02:47weapons on Thursday, saying Moscow's weaponry was long
0:02:47 > 0:02:54under development and had already been factored into US assessments.
0:02:54 > 0:02:57To get a sense of what part of the speech was actually
0:02:57 > 0:03:06important to Russians - here's Olga Ivshina from BBC Russia.
0:03:08 > 0:03:13The whole second half of this address was really unexpected. When
0:03:13 > 0:03:16we now look back I sort of see the build-up because Russian Prime
0:03:16 > 0:03:21Minister was talking about it, you know. Various Russian ministers were
0:03:21 > 0:03:26saying we won't step back against the threats. The US is trying to
0:03:26 > 0:03:28scare us. But no
0:03:31 > 0:03:35no one expected such a performance, they intentionally move this from
0:03:35 > 0:03:39the Kremlin which normally happens to another more spacious building.
0:03:39 > 0:03:43And they brought three huge screens just to show all the graphics of
0:03:43 > 0:03:51flying missiles for the first hour they were only showing boring
0:03:51 > 0:03:54statistics and we wondered what the show was about. Then when all the
0:03:54 > 0:03:59missiles started flying around, that's when I understood.You start
0:03:59 > 0:04:03hearing about invincible weapons, nuclear weapons, and new reality.
0:04:03 > 0:04:07It's a message not just for the audience and the voters, but for
0:04:07 > 0:04:11Donald Trump for example.It was a message both for external and
0:04:11 > 0:04:21internal audience. Russia was talking to the West for a number of
0:04:21 > 0:04:25years, no one has listen, now you will listen us. When someone is
0:04:25 > 0:04:29threatening the partners or just showing the partners military
0:04:29 > 0:04:35capabilities, the world is going to listen.Vladimir Putin is going to
0:04:35 > 0:04:39win the upcoming election, partly because his biggest competition
0:04:39 > 0:04:45isn't allowed to stand.Yes, what is the most prominent opposition
0:04:45 > 0:04:48leaders, Alexey Melania is not allowed to stand. Even if the
0:04:48 > 0:04:55opposition manages to get to participate, there's not that much
0:04:55 > 0:05:00chance. Each TV bulletin starts with ten minute long pieces about Putin,
0:05:00 > 0:05:10today he got two hours airtime on all Russian TV channels. -- Aleksei
0:05:10 > 0:05:11Nevalny.
0:05:16 > 0:05:22It's not a fair game to be honest. It would be the shock of a lifetime
0:05:22 > 0:05:26if he wasn't re-elected.The Russian electoral committee says there is no
0:05:26 > 0:05:33mistake, Mr Putin is not breaking any rules by broadcasting state of
0:05:33 > 0:05:35the nation address, he's just performing his professional duties
0:05:35 > 0:05:41as head of the country. Each time such questions are asked by
0:05:41 > 0:05:44opposition leaders, each time the answer is the same, he's just
0:05:44 > 0:05:49performing his duties. Definitely no one has any doubts about the
0:05:49 > 0:05:55upcoming election.
0:05:55 > 0:05:57Heavy snowfalls and icy winds continue to batter Europe
0:05:57 > 0:06:00as the region shivers in a deadly deep-freeze that has hit
0:06:00 > 0:06:02countries from the far north to the southern Mediterranean.
0:06:02 > 0:06:05In some places the temperature dropped as low as minus 40 degrees
0:06:05 > 0:06:07celsius, and there is little sign of conditions improving.
0:06:07 > 0:06:17Jessica Parker looks at the picture across Europe.
0:06:19 > 0:06:25Paris freezes over. Tourists tread carefully.It's so cold.In Croatia
0:06:25 > 0:06:31this waterfall has been silenced. There are pockets of warmth. In
0:06:31 > 0:06:34Poland coal burners steam on the streets. But there is no beating
0:06:34 > 0:06:38this ice blast. In the grip of a Siberian weather system Europe is
0:06:38 > 0:06:43seeing some of the coldest temperatures for several years.
0:06:43 > 0:06:49Today's recorded low, minus 41.8 Celsius in Norway. It brings danger,
0:06:49 > 0:06:54as this lorry driver in Bulgaria discovered. In Scotland around 1000
0:06:54 > 0:06:59vehicles were stranded on a major motorway overnight. On this road,
0:06:59 > 0:07:03dash camera footage shows a frightening near miss.
0:07:06 > 0:07:11In the east of England, the shovels are out.Trying to get home. I
0:07:11 > 0:07:16phoned to work and said I can't make it, I'm stuck in the drift.Trains
0:07:16 > 0:07:20have been cancelled, airports closed, meanwhile dozens of people,
0:07:20 > 0:07:23many homeless, are reported to have died across the continent. This
0:07:23 > 0:07:29weather event has several names across Europe. The Siberian back,
0:07:29 > 0:07:33the snow cannon, the beast from the east. Different names similar
0:07:33 > 0:07:39stories. Forecasters predict extreme weather will continue to grip the
0:07:39 > 0:07:43Europe into the weekend.
0:07:43 > 0:07:46It's been a big week for the Brexit negotiations and tomorrow it reaches
0:07:46 > 0:07:49a climax with what's billed as a big speech by British Prime
0:07:49 > 0:07:50Minister Theresa May.
0:07:50 > 0:07:52This may be the moment to clarify where her government stands
0:07:52 > 0:07:56on the UK's future relationship with the European Union.
0:07:56 > 0:07:59If you remember last week Mrs May and her ministers spent
0:07:59 > 0:08:04the day thrashing this out at her country residence, Chequers.
0:08:04 > 0:08:09They reportedly agreed that Britain would seek to diverge from some
0:08:09 > 0:08:13European regulations over time.
0:08:13 > 0:08:18How much and how, are two of the big unanswered questions.
0:08:18 > 0:08:21Striking a very different note, a former British Prime Minister
0:08:21 > 0:08:22the Labour politician Tony Blair today talked about
0:08:22 > 0:08:24the dangers of Brexit.
0:08:24 > 0:08:27And he called for EU immigration rules to be reformed to encourage
0:08:27 > 0:08:29British people to change their mind and stay in.
0:08:29 > 0:08:31Let's just remind ourselves of an extraordinary week
0:08:31 > 0:08:41when the Brexit debate became even more heated.
0:08:42 > 0:08:48Labour would seek to negotiate a new, Combrinck sieve UK- EU customs
0:08:48 > 0:08:52union.A customs union would remove the bulk of incentives for other
0:08:52 > 0:08:54countries to enter into comprehensive free trade agreements
0:08:54 > 0:09:02with the UK.With fair and equal access to a very large, rich EU
0:09:02 > 0:09:07market, if you're going to give that up for the promise of some bilateral
0:09:07 > 0:09:11deals with markets that are much less important to us is like giving
0:09:11 > 0:09:15up a three course meal for a packet of crisps.The island of Ireland
0:09:15 > 0:09:24will be protected and a hard border will be avoided. Ireland has to be
0:09:24 > 0:09:28covered by the union customs caught. Draft legal text the commission has
0:09:28 > 0:09:33published, if implemented, reckons the constitutional integrity of the
0:09:33 > 0:09:40UK.Let Parliament to decide. Or put the issue back to the people.Having
0:09:40 > 0:09:43a second referendum or whatever, I haven't listened to John Major's
0:09:43 > 0:09:46speech, does seem rather absurd. European leaders share the
0:09:46 > 0:09:57responsibility. To lead us out of the Brexit cul-de-sac.It is an
0:09:57 > 0:09:59inevitable side-effect of Brexit by nature.
0:09:59 > 0:10:01That uncompromising message from EU Commission President Donald Tusk
0:10:01 > 0:10:03was reinforced by chief Brexit negotiatior Michel Barnier ,
0:10:03 > 0:10:05in a speech to business leaders.
0:10:05 > 0:10:09Here he is.
0:10:09 > 0:10:17The UK Government wishes to read the game Sturridge regain its autonomy
0:10:17 > 0:10:20following agreements. It has indicated its intention to leave the
0:10:20 > 0:10:29customs union. And this choice, this choice, has consequences. Being
0:10:29 > 0:10:37outside the customs union always involves customs procedures.
0:10:37 > 0:10:39One fantastic source for Brexit News is the BBC's
0:10:39 > 0:10:41Brexitcast podcast - For the latest programme
0:10:41 > 0:10:43Adam Fleming ends up in Tony Blair's hotel room.
0:10:43 > 0:10:48Speaking of Adam - here's his view of today.
0:10:48 > 0:10:52Stay with us on Outside Source - still to come.
0:10:52 > 0:10:56Find out why this magazine cover is causing controversy in India. You
0:10:56 > 0:11:06may be surprised that the reason.
0:11:10 > 0:11:14Drivers have been stranded on road while people still wait for flights
0:11:14 > 0:11:17out of Glasgow airport and are getting ready to bed down for
0:11:17 > 0:11:30another night after it was closed again. Lorna Gordon has more.
0:11:38 > 0:11:43You've been here a good 17 hours at the moment.They've moved about 100
0:11:43 > 0:11:49metres.This storm was forecast well ahead of time. But despite warnings,
0:11:49 > 0:11:57people did still venture out. Now after waiting nearly 18 hours on
0:11:57 > 0:12:02this stretch of motorway, it looks as if, finally, the traffic might
0:12:02 > 0:12:09just be about to start moving again.
0:12:17 > 0:12:24You're watching Outside Source live from the BBC newsroom. The US
0:12:24 > 0:12:26government says it is fully prepared after President Putin revealed
0:12:26 > 0:12:30Russian is creating a new arsenal of nuclear weapons in his State of the
0:12:30 > 0:12:34nation address Mr Putin said the weapons included an underwater drone
0:12:34 > 0:12:40and cruise missile that could reach anywhere in the world. Some of the
0:12:40 > 0:12:45other stories about BBC News today, BBC Mundo reports the Catalan
0:12:45 > 0:12:48separatist leader Carles Puigdemont is withdrawing as president of the
0:12:48 > 0:12:56Catalonia region in favour of a jailed activist, Jordi Sanchez.
0:12:56 > 0:13:00You'll be arrested if he returns to Barcelona to be sworn in, he is
0:13:00 > 0:13:03currently in exile in Belgium. Marine Le Pen says she will be
0:13:03 > 0:13:06silenced after being placed under formal investigation for treating a
0:13:06 > 0:13:10graphic image of violence by the so-called Islamic State. She says
0:13:10 > 0:13:14she had simply been condemning the group's atrocities. The BBC World
0:13:14 > 0:13:20Service is covering that story. A lot of you're watching online with
0:13:20 > 0:13:24those freezing winds sweeping across Europe this video offering tips on
0:13:24 > 0:13:30how to keep warm in the cold. BBC colleagues in chilly climes, it's
0:13:30 > 0:13:37proving very popular.
0:13:37 > 0:13:39President Trump said America will impose substantial
0:13:39 > 0:13:42tariffs on steel and aluminium imports next week, after meeting
0:13:42 > 0:13:43industry bosses in Washington.
0:13:43 > 0:13:45Tariffs of 25% on steel and 10% on aluminium imports
0:13:45 > 0:13:51are expected next week.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54The action could provoke retaliation, but China is by no
0:13:54 > 0:13:56means the biggest steel supplier to the US.
0:13:56 > 0:13:58China is the 11th biggest exporter of steel to the US,
0:13:58 > 0:14:01less than 2% of US imported steel is Chinese.
0:14:01 > 0:14:03That compares with the 16% of steel imports from Canada
0:14:03 > 0:14:09or the 7% from Turkey.
0:14:09 > 0:14:11Barbara Plett Usher
0:14:11 > 0:14:17Is in Washington. Donald Trump campaign strongly on that
0:14:17 > 0:14:21protectionist note.That's right, he's always been eager to follow up
0:14:21 > 0:14:25on that campaign, so eager he has made this announcement between the
0:14:25 > 0:14:34details had been worked out. It has to be signed next week. He has to
0:14:34 > 0:14:36rebuild America's steel and aluminium industry which has
0:14:36 > 0:14:40struggled to compete with China dumping cheap steel on the market.
0:14:40 > 0:14:44He is backed up by this because his administration is determined this is
0:14:44 > 0:14:50a national security threat. Says America needs to have a domestic
0:14:50 > 0:14:53supply for defence purposes. Really I think this is about Donald Trump
0:14:53 > 0:14:57wanting to deliver on those campaign promises to protect American
0:14:57 > 0:15:04workers.There has already been some concern about what this could mean
0:15:04 > 0:15:09in terms of cost to American business.That's right, this is
0:15:09 > 0:15:14popular with the steel industry but not many other constituencies,
0:15:14 > 0:15:17especially industry is that consume steel, things like industries that
0:15:17 > 0:15:25make autoparts and oil parts. This is going to increase their costs and
0:15:25 > 0:15:29mean they have less profits and possibly also affect jobs in these
0:15:29 > 0:15:33industries. Early reports that Exxon Mobil, this could impact its plans
0:15:33 > 0:15:39to expand a major oil refinery. It could have implications for steel
0:15:39 > 0:15:43consuming industries. Broadly speaking its more unpopular beyond
0:15:43 > 0:15:47that. The Republican party, even members of Mr Trump's own
0:15:47 > 0:15:53administration have warned against this move.Blue Peter leave my
0:15:53 > 0:16:02watching the markets. How have they reacted to this tariff boost? --
0:16:02 > 0:16:07Yogita. The Dow Jones has ended down after that Ray Teret announcement.
0:16:07 > 0:16:12Earlier in the day when we didn't know whether a firm announcement was
0:16:12 > 0:16:17coming from the Trump administration, use a steel company
0:16:17 > 0:16:21stocks rise. Once the announcement was made stocks of companies from
0:16:21 > 0:16:26sectors that Barbara was talking about earlier, for example the auto
0:16:26 > 0:16:32sector, which is a big consumer of steel, leasing company stocks beaten
0:16:32 > 0:16:36at the markets today. That is why we are seeing markets, all of the major
0:16:36 > 0:16:41US industries, actually, ending about a percent, one and a half
0:16:41 > 0:16:43percent down.
0:16:43 > 0:16:48Donald Trump says he's doing this for the US steel industry. Can that
0:16:48 > 0:16:54industry provide all the steel American business wants?Can it be
0:16:54 > 0:16:59saved at this point? It's certainly true tens of thousands of steel
0:16:59 > 0:17:02industry workers have lost their jobs in the US over the past many
0:17:02 > 0:17:09decades. Can it be rolled back that it can deliver the domestic demand
0:17:09 > 0:17:14in the US? That is what a lot of manufacturers here are concerned
0:17:14 > 0:17:19about. A group of many factors has even written to the Administration
0:17:19 > 0:17:23saying, please, before this announcement was made, please
0:17:23 > 0:17:27reconsider this, please do not impose heavy taxes on steel and
0:17:27 > 0:17:31aluminium imports. It's not just those sectors that are worried,
0:17:31 > 0:17:35people in the US are also worried about what reciprocal action could
0:17:35 > 0:17:40be taken by the countries affected. For example if you've got China,
0:17:40 > 0:17:46which as you pointed out is not the one most impacted by this move. If
0:17:46 > 0:17:50you have a reciprocal reaction and they decide they want to slap
0:17:50 > 0:17:54tariffs on soya bean exports, soya bean imports from America, what
0:17:54 > 0:17:58happens to soya bean producers here? There is worry in business beyond
0:17:58 > 0:18:03people who are even connected to steel or aluminium.Who wants a
0:18:03 > 0:18:05trade war? Thanks for getting us up-to-date on a significant
0:18:05 > 0:18:10announcement. Severe weather conditions have put a strain on gas
0:18:10 > 0:18:13supplies here.
0:18:13 > 0:18:16The National Grid warned that it may not have enough gas to meet
0:18:16 > 0:18:18the current demand and has asked suppliers to provide more.
0:18:18 > 0:18:21It says large gas users , such as industry and some businesses ,
0:18:21 > 0:18:23are being asked to use less.
0:18:23 > 0:18:25Household supplies are not expected to be affected.
0:18:25 > 0:18:32Our business editor Simon Jack explains.
0:18:32 > 0:18:36You add surging demand to cuts in supply and get a potential deficit.
0:18:36 > 0:18:40A gas death warning is set at five o'clock in the morning. It's
0:18:40 > 0:18:44basically the National Grid vein, we're not sure there is enough gas
0:18:44 > 0:18:47in the system to meet that demand. Does that mean you're going to turn
0:18:47 > 0:18:52on your cooker or central heating and it's not going to work? No. It's
0:18:52 > 0:18:54the first early warning shot of a number of measures. But they can
0:18:54 > 0:18:59then take to bring the supply and demand back into balance. It
0:18:59 > 0:19:04includes for example asking heavy users to use less. In fact, a big
0:19:04 > 0:19:07chemicals company has been asked by National Grid and they've agreed to
0:19:07 > 0:19:10dial down their usage by 20%.
0:19:10 > 0:19:12Lets turn to India where this magazine cover has
0:19:12 > 0:19:14split public opinion.
0:19:14 > 0:19:17The headline reads 'Moms tell Kerala- don't stare,
0:19:17 > 0:19:19we want to breastfeed.' Now there are two issues here -
0:19:19 > 0:19:22both breastfeeding in public and the two people in the photo.
0:19:22 > 0:19:25The magazine used a model, not a mother - on the cover.
0:19:25 > 0:19:27Inside, though, the baby's real mother is pictured
0:19:27 > 0:19:29breastfeeding her child - next to the model.
0:19:29 > 0:19:31This is how it's seen in India blogger Anjana Nayar
0:19:31 > 0:19:41"That point
0:19:42 > 0:19:44"That point
0:19:44 > 0:19:46at which you decided to push a real mother actually breastfeeding her
0:19:46 > 0:19:49child into the inner pages and portray a model holding a baby
0:19:49 > 0:19:52to her bare breast on your cover is where you delved into cheap
0:19:52 > 0:20:02sensationalism and exploitation'.
0:20:04 > 0:20:06But supporters are calling the front cover courageous,
0:20:06 > 0:20:07bold and path-breaking.
0:20:07 > 0:20:11The model told us this -
0:20:11 > 0:20:12"I was expecting a lot
0:20:12 > 0:20:15of criticism, but I decided to take it all on with pleasure for the sake
0:20:15 > 0:20:18of all mothers who want to breastfeed with pride
0:20:18 > 0:20:25and a sense of freedom,".
0:20:25 > 0:20:26A journalist in Kolkata says
0:20:26 > 0:20:27@shreyateresita 'To some it's gross,
0:20:27 > 0:20:29to some it's a free show.
0:20:29 > 0:20:31To a child, it's unquestionably simple and necessary.
0:20:31 > 0:20:32To anyone smart enough, it's natural.
0:20:32 > 0:20:42Good work'.
0:20:42 > 0:20:44I've been talking to Gita Aramuvadan, a journalist
0:20:44 > 0:20:46and author in Bangalore who has praised the magazine's
0:20:46 > 0:20:52decision as groundbreaking.
0:20:52 > 0:20:59In India, for a long time, until the last generation probably, people
0:20:59 > 0:21:02weren't feeding their babies in public. Feeding a baby in public was
0:21:02 > 0:21:08not something to be ashamed of. And people would put their babies on in
0:21:08 > 0:21:14trains and buses. In the open. At family gatherings. I know that in
0:21:14 > 0:21:19our family gatherings there would be young mothers feeding their babies.
0:21:19 > 0:21:26What changed to make it such an unusual image today?The British in
0:21:26 > 0:21:31a way bought some kind of Victorian morals and it was considered correct
0:21:31 > 0:21:39for you to close your dress. In Cowler for existence, women were
0:21:39 > 0:21:46walking about with breasts bared until the early 20th century. -- in
0:21:46 > 0:21:50Kerala. In most of South India it's very hot, women would just where the
0:21:50 > 0:21:55sari and cover their breasts, but not wear a blouse or anything. So
0:21:55 > 0:22:02feeding a baby in public was not something which was unusual.What do
0:22:02 > 0:22:07you make of the critics who say the breasts on the front cover of a
0:22:07 > 0:22:10magazine with a baby on the end of it is sexualised and somehow
0:22:10 > 0:22:16offensive?It's a very bold kind of picture. Perhaps not the way a
0:22:16 > 0:22:20mother might feed her baby, or it might be, breast-feeding is normal.
0:22:20 > 0:22:24There is nothing wrong about it. You don't have to do it in a particular
0:22:24 > 0:22:29way, you don't have to be coy about it. You can go out in the open and
0:22:29 > 0:22:35feed your baby anyway you want. It's as natural as anything else. Men
0:22:35 > 0:22:39have said it's very eroticised and have said, you know, having a model,
0:22:39 > 0:22:44especially the model who is an unmarried woman, and is a model, and
0:22:44 > 0:22:48the baby is not hers. People have raised objection to that. A model is
0:22:48 > 0:22:53the model. She's only representing something. She doesn't have to be
0:22:53 > 0:23:01the person who actually performs that action.
0:23:01 > 0:23:04Now to a surprising medical case in which a woman thought God
0:23:04 > 0:23:07was telling her to harm herself - all because of a brain tumour.
0:23:07 > 0:23:10The case arose here in Bern in Switzerland, where in late 2015,
0:23:10 > 0:23:11a 48-year-old, we'll call Sarah, checked herself into
0:23:11 > 0:23:21the psychiatric emergency service.
0:23:22 > 0:23:25Sarah had stabbed her own chest several times - deep wounds.
0:23:25 > 0:23:27She told the doctors she'd been following direct orders from God.
0:23:27 > 0:23:36Melissa Hogenboom is a Features Writer for BBC Future
0:23:36 > 0:23:39and has been looking into Sarah's case and described how the doctors
0:23:39 > 0:23:41first viewed the case.
0:23:41 > 0:23:47She showed delusions, voices, these hallucinations and she was really
0:23:47 > 0:23:50manic. When you probed deeper, you thought, this lady isn't withdrawing
0:23:50 > 0:23:57from social contract, she's not taking time away from her family.
0:23:57 > 0:24:03This doesn't quite fit. That's exactly what he thought. He did a
0:24:03 > 0:24:07routine brain scan, which they tend to do with patients like this, and
0:24:07 > 0:24:10found a significant brain tumour in a very particular area of the brain.
0:24:10 > 0:24:14It's really important for how we process sound. The thalamus, the
0:24:14 > 0:24:19area you are using right now listening to me speak, interpreting
0:24:19 > 0:24:22what I say, sending it to the right part of your brain to understand
0:24:22 > 0:24:24what I'm saying based on your previous knowledge of the world. If
0:24:24 > 0:24:29this area is broken bits if any patient is often thinner than this
0:24:29 > 0:24:33brain tumour was encroaching on the area. It messes with how we
0:24:33 > 0:24:40experience sound.I know you are talking to me and not inside my
0:24:40 > 0:24:44head. Sarah couldn't quite tell who was standing next to her and who she
0:24:44 > 0:24:50was imagining inside her own mental universe.Precisely right, she
0:24:50 > 0:24:52couldn't differentiate between voices in her head and what was
0:24:52 > 0:24:57going on in the real world so to her these voices were as real as what
0:24:57 > 0:25:02you can hear I'm doing now. What was interesting is it wasn't just these
0:25:02 > 0:25:06voices which had distrusting sounds, the neuroscientists bought the brain
0:25:06 > 0:25:11tumour itself had caused the initial interest in religion and that is the
0:25:11 > 0:25:13really interesting thing.She'd had interest in religion going back
0:25:13 > 0:25:20years, kind of spurts of enthusiasm for spirituality.She'd shown manic
0:25:20 > 0:25:26spurts of interest. Because this was a very specific type of brain
0:25:26 > 0:25:32tumour. It grows very slowly over time. The brain can adapt that
0:25:32 > 0:25:35particular kind of stress so each time the tumour would grow and then
0:25:35 > 0:25:39Grosjean this area important for hearing sound, it would distress her
0:25:39 > 0:25:44brain and make her think she was hearing voices. Then when her brain
0:25:44 > 0:25:46managed to adapt to the tumour because the tumour remained static
0:25:46 > 0:25:52for long periods, the voices would go away. That was what was unique.
0:25:52 > 0:25:58Much more to come here an Outside Source. Do stay with us.
0:26:09 > 0:26:14Could easily. Certainly not the best night to be out and about.
0:26:14 > 0:26:18Disruptive and in places, dangerous wintry weather continues. So much so
0:26:18 > 0:26:21the Met office has issued a red weather warning across parts of
0:26:21 > 0:26:25south-west England and South Wales. Heavy snow, strong winds, blizzard
0:26:25 > 0:26:31conditions. This is the radar picture from earlier. Snow spreading
0:26:31 > 0:26:34up from the south. Particularly setting in across the south-west and
0:26:34 > 0:26:39southern half of Wales. Snow showers continuing further north and east.
0:26:39 > 0:26:43Still a Met Office amber be prepared warning for north-east Scotland,
0:26:43 > 0:26:46down into north-east England. It warning in force for the
0:26:46 > 0:26:50south-eastern corner of Northern Ireland. Snow feeding in here. It is
0:26:50 > 0:26:53the south-western corner where we will have the most disruptive
0:26:53 > 0:26:59weather overnight. An amber warning. Some of that coming to the
0:26:59 > 0:27:03south-east of Wales, covered by the red warning. A lot of snow piling
0:27:03 > 0:27:07up. Sunspots seeing 15, 20 centimetres, maybe 40 or 50 over the
0:27:07 > 0:27:11high ground. Some of that snow fringing into parts of Northern
0:27:11 > 0:27:15Ireland as we go through the night. We keep snow showers across parts of
0:27:15 > 0:27:19northern and eastern Scotland. The far north-east of England. These
0:27:19 > 0:27:23areas particularly at risk of disruption overnight. Across the far
0:27:23 > 0:27:27south-west of the snow may begin to turn back to rein in places. If that
0:27:27 > 0:27:32happens the rain is likely to fall on cold surfaces. It brings a
0:27:32 > 0:27:36significant ice risk to take us into tomorrow morning. Travel disruption
0:27:36 > 0:27:41very likely indeed. A dry spell perhaps for the south-west and Wales
0:27:41 > 0:27:45through the first part of tomorrow. Then looks like snow will return
0:27:45 > 0:27:49from the south. Heavy snow at that. Could be snow in other southern
0:27:49 > 0:27:53areas. Still a lot to play for with that, some uncertainty in the
0:27:53 > 0:27:57forecast. Snow showers into northern and eastern areas. Fine weather with
0:27:57 > 0:28:00sunshine in between. When we consider the strength of the wind
0:28:00 > 0:28:05this is what it'll feel like through tomorrow afternoon. Sub zero in many
0:28:05 > 0:28:09areas. But a slight change in the feel of the weather through the next
0:28:09 > 0:28:15few days. Looks like we'll bring something slightly less cold from
0:28:15 > 0:28:22the south, particularly into southern areas. The weekend we can
0:28:22 > 0:28:25see that for many it will remain cold, less cold towards the south.
0:28:25 > 0:28:31Still the risk of some snow.
0:30:13 > 0:30:15Hello, I'm Philippa Thomas, this is Outside Source,
0:30:15 > 0:30:17and these are the main stories here in the BBC Newsroom:
0:30:17 > 0:30:20President Putin says Russia has developed a new array
0:30:20 > 0:30:23of invincible nuclear weapons that can "reach anywhere in the world",
0:30:23 > 0:30:33prompting this response from the Pentagon.
0:30:33 > 0:30:35President Trump says he's spoken with
0:30:35 > 0:30:37Attorney General Jeff Sessions about bringing a lawsuit
0:30:37 > 0:30:39against companies involved in the opioid business.
0:30:39 > 0:30:42It came after a summit he hosted at the White House
0:30:42 > 0:30:47to try to tackle the nation's opioid addiction problem.
0:30:47 > 0:30:52The administration will roll out policy within the next three weeks,
0:30:52 > 0:30:55and it will be very strong.
0:30:55 > 0:30:56An exclusive report from southern Yemen,
0:30:56 > 0:31:06where government forces have pushed out the Houthis, but at a cost.
0:31:06 > 0:31:07Get in touch.
0:31:07 > 0:31:17#BBCOS is the hashtag.
0:31:21 > 0:31:29Welcome to Outside Source.
0:31:29 > 0:31:31War in Yemen between the ousted government,
0:31:31 > 0:31:33supported by Saudi Arabia, and Houthi rebels,
0:31:33 > 0:31:35supported by Iran, has raged for nearly three years.
0:31:35 > 0:31:37A UN-brokered peace process has all but failed.
0:31:37 > 0:31:39The country is in economic ruin and its people
0:31:39 > 0:31:42are on the verge of famine.
0:31:42 > 0:31:46The BBC's Lyse Doucet is the first international journalist to gain
0:31:46 > 0:31:48access to Beihan in the south of the country, where Yemeni
0:31:48 > 0:31:58government forces have pushed out the Houthis.
0:31:59 > 0:32:06Celebrations are central to Yemen's intractable war. A victory on this
0:32:06 > 0:32:11in hostile terrain. It has taken more than two years to get this far.
0:32:11 > 0:32:20Now Yemeni troops and tribesman controlled the southern of events.
0:32:20 > 0:32:29-- province. The commander says who thes are hitting civilians here.
0:32:29 > 0:32:36House is over there and over there. The front line in Yemen's brutal war
0:32:36 > 0:32:41are starting to slowly shift, but it still seems like a war without end.
0:32:41 > 0:32:45Everybody talks about a political solution but nobody believes it will
0:32:45 > 0:32:51happen, not wild horses on both sides still believe they can keep
0:32:51 > 0:32:57gaining power. But victory can be fragile. It is dangerous here, the
0:32:57 > 0:33:09soldiers shout. The Houthis have us in our sites, we must move quickly.
0:33:09 > 0:33:14Beihan is the biggest town in the province and back in the Army's
0:33:14 > 0:33:21hands, a strategic town and a vital supply route. Only weeks ago Ghouta
0:33:21 > 0:33:27had it but Beihan is broken by years of strife and health services have
0:33:27 > 0:33:31collapsed. There is only one hospital here and only two
0:33:31 > 0:33:35specialist doctors caring for tens of thousands. Many staff left when
0:33:35 > 0:33:40the Ghouta came on the salaries stopped, but the patients keep
0:33:40 > 0:33:49coming. Hassan's house was hit by a mortar. It is not clear who fight
0:33:49 > 0:33:56it. They took my whole family, he says, all three children gone. There
0:33:56 > 0:34:04were 11, six and two. There is just me and my wife left, he says. In
0:34:04 > 0:34:08intensive care, a young man shot through the chest on the front line.
0:34:08 > 0:34:14He had to travel for hours to get help, but had to stand a fighting
0:34:14 > 0:34:18chance in conditions like this, the only surgeon here does his best
0:34:18 > 0:34:25against the odds. Next door, what seems to be an empty room. It is
0:34:25 > 0:34:33not. A tiny baby, alone, struggling to survive. We are told he has
0:34:33 > 0:34:42septicaemia. Even doctors are targets. This doctor tells me, the
0:34:42 > 0:34:48Houthis sent him to prison, accused of being a spy.They are taking
0:34:48 > 0:34:57information by hitting us, by electric shocks.We are really
0:34:57 > 0:35:00suffering. When you are seeing people here suffering, no matter who
0:35:00 > 0:35:07is in charge, they are still suffering?There is no salary. There
0:35:07 > 0:35:17are many problems. They are thinking of their daily life. He wanted it.
0:35:17 > 0:35:22In Beihan's main market, people tell us they are worried. They say they
0:35:22 > 0:35:27need everything, schools, jobs, security. Some expressed relief that
0:35:27 > 0:35:32the Houthis are gone Saudi led coalition has stopped bombing here.
0:35:32 > 0:35:38I asked, did many die in the air strikes? Not many, this man says.
0:35:38 > 0:35:46Others disagree. A lot of families died, some shout, five, says man. An
0:35:46 > 0:35:52entire family was killed in this home. More than 13 people. The
0:35:52 > 0:35:59Minister of information wants to make sure we see this. What the
0:35:59 > 0:36:04Houthis did, he says. He says they do not want to wipe them out, they
0:36:04 > 0:36:07are Yemenis, but they should give up their guns and seek power to
0:36:07 > 0:36:15elections instead. Noble thoughts, but a brutal battle rages across
0:36:15 > 0:36:19this fractured land and, for Yemenis, the battle simply to
0:36:19 > 0:36:26survive.
0:36:26 > 0:36:29The White House is clearly trying to address the opioid drug crisis,
0:36:29 > 0:36:33which claims 115 lives in the US every day.
0:36:33 > 0:36:37The screening of potential drugs traffic has been part of the border
0:36:37 > 0:36:39protection legislation the President has signed and today,
0:36:39 > 0:36:44along with First Lady Melania Trump, the President hosted a summit.
0:36:44 > 0:36:52Here's what he had to say.
0:36:52 > 0:36:56The administration will roll out policy over the next three weeks and
0:36:56 > 0:37:03it will be very strong. I have also spoken with Jeff about bringing a
0:37:03 > 0:37:08lawsuit against some of these opioid companies. What they are doing in
0:37:08 > 0:37:13the way the distribution, you have people that go to a hospital with a
0:37:13 > 0:37:17broken arm, they come out and they are addicted to painkillers, and
0:37:17 > 0:37:21they do not even know what happened. They go in for something minor and
0:37:21 > 0:37:25they come out and are in serious shape.
0:37:25 > 0:37:30Anthony Zurcher is in Washington.
0:37:30 > 0:37:34It has been very well documented, this appalling crisis which is
0:37:34 > 0:37:42hitting a lot of middle America. Right, and as Donald Trump discussed
0:37:42 > 0:37:47just there, a lot of this started because of drugs companies and
0:37:47 > 0:37:50doctors prescribing these is painkillers. I was in Kentucky a few
0:37:50 > 0:37:54weeks ago and met with a woman who first got prescribed opioids because
0:37:54 > 0:38:00she said she had complications with pregnancy, another man who came back
0:38:00 > 0:38:04from the military was given the injuries. So there are millions of
0:38:04 > 0:38:09opioid drug addicts because of local prescriptions. The opioid addiction
0:38:09 > 0:38:14has shifted since then. There has been less prescribed by doctors,
0:38:14 > 0:38:17more and more is coming from these people becoming addicted finding
0:38:17 > 0:38:22them illegally on the streets or even ordering them abroad from
0:38:22 > 0:38:25manufacturers in China.So what is the White House pink can do about
0:38:25 > 0:38:33that?What they want to try to do, and I have been government studies
0:38:33 > 0:38:37of this already, is improved screening of incoming mail. We are
0:38:37 > 0:38:42talking about millions of pieces of mail coming in every day, more than
0:38:42 > 0:38:463 million a year coming through. What they want to try do is track
0:38:46 > 0:38:51individual pieces of mail by getting data on it from De Schepper, so it
0:38:51 > 0:38:54is coming from China, they get information on where it came from,
0:38:54 > 0:39:02then they can target the screening. Donald Trump also mentioned
0:39:02 > 0:39:06something opioid manufacturers which is what number of states are going.
0:39:06 > 0:39:09That is something the federal government could get involved in. So
0:39:09 > 0:39:13far, the Trump administration is focusing on cracking down on illegal
0:39:13 > 0:39:23sales and increasing penalties. But less on treatment. Millions of
0:39:23 > 0:39:27people are addicted. People I talk to on a local level have as much
0:39:27 > 0:39:33concern is dealing with addicts out there right now, treating them than
0:39:33 > 0:39:37punishing drugs companies or sellers.
0:39:37 > 0:39:40Now Bill Gates has added his voice.
0:39:40 > 0:39:43"Right now, cryptocurrencies are used for buying fentanyl
0:39:43 > 0:39:46and other drugs, so it is a rare technology that has caused deaths
0:39:46 > 0:39:50in a fairly direct way.
0:39:50 > 0:39:59Anthony, you just wrote this piece that's on the BBC website.
0:39:59 > 0:40:05Anthony with a little more on this story about the opioid crisis. We
0:40:05 > 0:40:10have heard so much about it from the White House today.
0:40:10 > 0:40:20Don't forget, you can get much more detail on our top stories,
0:40:27 > 0:40:29The Syrian Red Crescent says that this elderly Pakistani
0:40:29 > 0:40:30couple have been evacuated from the rebel-held
0:40:30 > 0:40:34enclave of Eastern Ghouta.
0:40:34 > 0:40:38They're the only civilians known to have got out of the area
0:40:38 > 0:40:42since a Russian-backed humanitarian pause in fighting was supposed
0:40:42 > 0:40:46to take effect on Tuesday.
0:40:46 > 0:40:48Here's CBS correspondent Seth Doane, who's managed to get
0:40:48 > 0:40:53close to Eastern Ghouta.
0:40:53 > 0:40:57This is one of four humanitarian borders that have been set up here
0:40:57 > 0:41:04to allow civilians in rebel held besieged eastern Ghouta in that
0:41:04 > 0:41:08direction to come here in the government-held territory. You can
0:41:08 > 0:41:14see there are ambulances lined up here and also buses to help evacuate
0:41:14 > 0:41:19people, but this is the number three and, as you can see, these
0:41:19 > 0:41:24humanitarian corridors, this one here, is empty, and both sides are
0:41:24 > 0:41:29blaming the other. The government is saying that rebels inside eastern
0:41:29 > 0:41:35Ghouta have held hostage some civilians there and also that the
0:41:35 > 0:41:43rebels are bombing and targeting these humanitarian crossings. The
0:41:43 > 0:41:46rebels on the other hand are accusing the government of making it
0:41:46 > 0:41:50difficult for them to cross. They say they worry that they will be
0:41:50 > 0:41:55arrested once they get here. It is impossible for us to cross into
0:41:55 > 0:41:59eastern Ghouta so we reached out to one doctor by telephone to ask in
0:41:59 > 0:42:10what was like working there. What is most difficult for you?Everything.
0:42:10 > 0:42:19Evacuating patients for ICU.The doctor told us that his hospital has
0:42:19 > 0:42:24been prompt and, since then, he has been performing are doing surgery on
0:42:24 > 0:42:36the ground. We asked him why he stays.I don't want to go out. It is
0:42:36 > 0:42:41my home.Meanwhile, aid agencies are ready to go into eastern Ghouta, a
0:42:41 > 0:42:45lead is prepared, ready to go, but they say these humanitarian pauses
0:42:45 > 0:42:50are not long enough to be effective.
0:42:50 > 0:42:52More than a week after the 19th February attack, 110 schoolgirls
0:42:52 > 0:42:55from Dapchi in north-eastern Nigeria are still unaccounted for.
0:42:55 > 0:42:59The girls were kidnapped by the Islamist militant group Boko Haram.
0:42:59 > 0:43:07The attack is chillingly similar to the 2014 abduction of 276 girls
0:43:07 > 0:43:12from Chibok in 2014, which is 275 kilometres from Dapchi.
0:43:12 > 0:43:17Many have taken to social media to condemn the attacks.
0:43:17 > 0:43:20Julia Gillard, the former Australian Prime Minister
0:43:20 > 0:43:25and now with the UN, said, "The abduction of schoolgirls
0:43:25 > 0:43:27is a deplorable attack on education and human rights.
0:43:27 > 0:43:34It is our obligation to keep schools safe."
0:43:34 > 0:43:36A founder of the Bring Back Our Girls group,
0:43:36 > 0:43:37said, "Today is World Book Day.
0:43:37 > 0:43:40Painfully, 112 of our Chibok girls are almost four years
0:43:40 > 0:43:42as captives of terrorists.
0:43:42 > 0:43:45Infuriatingly, 110 of our Dapchi girls were failed
0:43:45 > 0:43:47by their government.
0:43:47 > 0:43:49We say to President Muhammadu Buhari, where are our girls?
0:43:49 > 0:43:51We need answers now!"
0:43:51 > 0:43:59The BBC's Stephanie Hegarty was in Dapchi and filed this report.
0:43:59 > 0:44:01This is where Fatima ran when the militants
0:44:01 > 0:44:06attacked her school.
0:44:06 > 0:44:08It was 7pm and she was in her dormitory.
0:44:08 > 0:44:15They were just about to eat their dinner when they heard gunshots.
0:44:15 > 0:44:19TRANSLATION:One of our teachers told us to come out.
0:44:19 > 0:44:25We saw bullets flying in the air, like fire.
0:44:25 > 0:44:27There was confusion all over the school, students screaming
0:44:27 > 0:44:28and rushing towards the gate.
0:44:28 > 0:44:32But the gate was locked.
0:44:32 > 0:44:34Then we saw the militants' trucks, and they were shooting and calling
0:44:34 > 0:44:37us to get into the trucks.
0:44:37 > 0:44:42They were pretending they would help us.
0:44:42 > 0:44:49During the attack, Fatima managed to run away from the militants
0:44:49 > 0:44:51twice, but she was with her best friend, Zara,
0:44:51 > 0:44:53when they were attacked and they got separated.
0:44:53 > 0:44:56She says five of her closest friends are missing and she knows many more
0:44:57 > 0:45:01girls who were taken away.
0:45:01 > 0:45:04This is Zara, she is 14.
0:45:04 > 0:45:06She said business was her favourite subject.
0:45:06 > 0:45:10Yes, business.
0:45:10 > 0:45:20Her sister is 25 and went to the same school.
0:45:25 > 0:45:33She was close to Zara.
0:45:33 > 0:45:35It was three days before the government admitted
0:45:35 > 0:45:45that there had been a kidnapping.
0:45:50 > 0:45:54Sara's father was repelled by gunfire and when he got back to his
0:45:54 > 0:45:57compound there were hundreds of
0:45:57 > 0:45:59schoolchildren taking shelter. He searched through the night to find
0:45:59 > 0:46:03his daughter but by morning he realise she had been taken.
0:46:03 > 0:46:06Last week, the authorities claimed the girls had been rescued,
0:46:06 > 0:46:08then they said that claim was false.
0:46:08 > 0:46:11For Zara's mum, that was the hardest moment.
0:46:11 > 0:46:16Nigeria's president has said that the military and air force
0:46:16 > 0:46:20are searching for the girls, but the parents are not reassured.
0:46:20 > 0:46:22TRANSLATION:In this school, there are no children
0:46:22 > 0:46:28of government officials.
0:46:28 > 0:46:34The students are the daughters of poor people.
0:46:34 > 0:46:36Now the school is eerily quiet, sandals discarded by running
0:46:36 > 0:46:37children littering its paths.
0:46:37 > 0:46:40The scene is chillingly similar to the aftermath
0:46:40 > 0:46:44of the kidnapping of the schoolgirls in Chibok in 2014.
0:46:44 > 0:46:47It was three years before most of them were released,
0:46:47 > 0:46:55and over 100 of them are still missing.
0:46:55 > 0:46:58The parents of Dapchi are afraid that they will also wait years
0:46:58 > 0:47:04to see their children again.
0:47:04 > 0:47:07Italians head to the polls this Sunday to elect
0:47:07 > 0:47:10a new president, and the race is between three main parties.
0:47:10 > 0:47:13Let's take a closer look.
0:47:13 > 0:47:14Firstly, the centre-right Forza Italia, headed
0:47:14 > 0:47:16by a very familiar face - former Prime Minister
0:47:16 > 0:47:22Silvio Berlusconi.
0:47:22 > 0:47:25The 81-year-old billionaire was forced to resign in 2011
0:47:25 > 0:47:27at the height of the debt crisis.
0:47:27 > 0:47:30Next, the 5 Star Movement, started by comedian Beppe Grillo in 2009,
0:47:30 > 0:47:34and now one of Europe's biggest populist movements.
0:47:34 > 0:47:36And finally, the ruling Democratic Party, led by former
0:47:36 > 0:47:41Prime Minister Matteo Renzi.
0:47:41 > 0:47:43Now the elections have also seen a resurgence of extreme parties.
0:47:43 > 0:47:46Karin Giannone is in Rome and spoke to leaders of the main fascist
0:47:46 > 0:47:53and communist parties.
0:47:53 > 0:48:01What does it represent?For Italians, it represents the last
0:48:01 > 0:48:04alternative against traditional politics. Both on a national and
0:48:04 > 0:48:12European level.What does power to the people represent?Power to the
0:48:12 > 0:48:18people is a new project. It started in November and is made up of
0:48:18 > 0:48:23associations, social centres, who pushed for new policies on
0:48:23 > 0:48:27employment, women's rights and of element in the south. It is about
0:48:27 > 0:48:33rebuilding Italy.What is it the's biggest problem at the moment?We
0:48:33 > 0:48:36have multiple problems, both internally and externally. Regarding
0:48:36 > 0:48:40security, we have a huge problem with immigration that adds up to a
0:48:40 > 0:48:47deeply rooted corruption in the public administration in Italy.
0:48:47 > 0:48:50Italy's problem is jobs, especially for young people, but not just about
0:48:50 > 0:48:55them, it is about workers in the south, the fact that jobs are in
0:48:55 > 0:48:59extremely unstable. They have had their rights taken away from us and
0:48:59 > 0:49:03we are forced to work on ridiculous situations. We could be filed with
0:49:03 > 0:49:06no protection whatsoever so this is where we need to start from.Is
0:49:06 > 0:49:13there any kind of immigration that is acceptable?Yes, it believes that
0:49:13 > 0:49:18refugees who are really escaping war should be welcomed. We have
0:49:18 > 0:49:23legislation in place for people from Libya, Eritrea and Somalia. What
0:49:23 > 0:49:29about the rest? Adders need to go back home and contribute to the
0:49:29 > 0:49:34development of the nation, like we did in our country in the past.Many
0:49:34 > 0:49:39people say immigration is an issue, not just the far right. It is easy
0:49:39 > 0:49:45to use immigration as a scapegoat. The real issue is that the reception
0:49:45 > 0:49:49of migrants in Italy is badly planned. We are constantly in a
0:49:49 > 0:49:54state of emergency.Do you condemn the use of violence in politics,
0:49:54 > 0:49:59given the recent attacks?Violence is never acceptable, above all in
0:49:59 > 0:50:04politics, but we have to bear in mind that the party is a victim of
0:50:04 > 0:50:08attacks from antifascist groups and we need to defend ourselves.It is
0:50:08 > 0:50:14ridiculous. It's tradition has aways been to attack political opponents
0:50:14 > 0:50:21as well as the LGBT community and migrants. It is absurd, what they
0:50:21 > 0:50:27say.So you condemn violence?I think we need to put things into
0:50:27 > 0:50:33context. If a black person slaps a member of the KKK, what is the
0:50:33 > 0:50:37problem? It is not the existence of the KKK in the first place? I
0:50:37 > 0:50:42believe it is the existence of fascist organisations that are legal
0:50:42 > 0:50:44in Italy and should be banned.
0:50:44 > 0:50:45Italian politics is extremely polarising.
0:50:45 > 0:50:50Here's Karin Giannone's take on it.
0:50:50 > 0:50:56We heard that the left saying that the neofascist group should not
0:50:56 > 0:51:01actually be allowed to exist legally. The Italian constitution
0:51:01 > 0:51:05outlaws fascist parties but the party has taken advantage of a
0:51:05 > 0:51:11loophole. They openly saying the media they support Mussolini, they
0:51:11 > 0:51:14admire him and are in favour of fascism, they have not written it
0:51:14 > 0:51:17down anywhere in the manifesto therefore they have not been
0:51:17 > 0:51:22outlawed as the left say they should be. There is also the theme that
0:51:22 > 0:51:26many of the things the far right are saying are not just coming from the
0:51:26 > 0:51:31far right. We heard Silvio Berlusconi recently from the
0:51:31 > 0:51:36centre-right coalition allied with for the right parties saying 600,000
0:51:36 > 0:51:41migrants without documents needed to be deported. So many ideas, not just
0:51:41 > 0:51:44from the mainstream, filtering further to the centre of Italian
0:51:44 > 0:51:49politics and the mainstream. And Karen will be following the story of
0:51:49 > 0:51:54the Italian elections through the weekend for us on BBC News.
0:51:54 > 0:51:56Oscar-nominated films with a woman in the starring
0:51:56 > 0:52:00role are more profitable than their male-led counterparts.
0:52:00 > 0:52:04BBC analysis has found that female-led films earn higher
0:52:04 > 0:52:06box office returns - they usually have lower
0:52:06 > 0:52:10production budgets.
0:52:10 > 0:52:13On average, every dollar invested in a female-led
0:52:13 > 0:52:15film earns back $2.12.
0:52:15 > 0:52:20For male-led films, this figure is $1.59.
0:52:20 > 0:52:24In fact, Oscar-nominated films with a clearly definable female lead
0:52:24 > 0:52:27were 33% more profitable than male-led films
0:52:27 > 0:52:33when comparing US box office take and production budget.
0:52:33 > 0:52:36Clara Guibourg from the BBC's Data Journalism team can tell us
0:52:36 > 0:52:42more about where these figures came from.
0:52:42 > 0:52:48We collected the information from the movie website IMDB. We looked at
0:52:48 > 0:52:52production budgets and US box office figures for all the films nominated
0:52:52 > 0:52:57for an Oscar in the last five years. Stripping out things like
0:52:57 > 0:53:02documentaries and short films. That left us with 155 films to look
0:53:02 > 0:53:07closer at. What we found was that actually Oscar-nominated films that
0:53:07 > 0:53:16have a woman in the lead role are quite a lot cheaper to make and also
0:53:16 > 0:53:20earn back a little bit more at the box office compared to films with
0:53:20 > 0:53:25the male lead role. When you put those two things together, it means
0:53:25 > 0:53:28that films with a female lead role are actually quite a bit more
0:53:28 > 0:53:32profitable.
0:53:32 > 0:53:34Despite that, there still seems to be a perception
0:53:34 > 0:53:37in Hollywood that women won't bring in the same amount of money as men.
0:53:37 > 0:53:39For every dollar invested into Oscar-nominated films
0:53:39 > 0:53:41during the last five years, 76 cents went to films
0:53:41 > 0:53:42with a male lead.
0:53:42 > 0:53:47Clara's been looking at those figures too.
0:53:47 > 0:53:53When we crunched the numbers on this, we also found that, actually,
0:53:53 > 0:53:57just 28% of films nominated for an Oscar in this time period have
0:53:57 > 0:54:02female leads, just over a quarter of the total. Actually, if you look
0:54:02 > 0:54:07behind the camera, if you look at directors and producers and writers,
0:54:07 > 0:54:11the gender split is even more skewed and people I have spoken to in the
0:54:11 > 0:54:16industry have said that basically the perception in Hollywood that
0:54:16 > 0:54:21women are bad box office is hard to change. Sometimes this can have
0:54:21 > 0:54:28consequences that are almost absurd. The Geena Davis Institute has done
0:54:28 > 0:54:33research in the crowd scenes and found that, even here, the gender
0:54:33 > 0:54:38breakdown is often very skewed. They found that the average crowd scene
0:54:38 > 0:54:44in a film usually consists of less than one in five women. So it does
0:54:44 > 0:54:49not really reflect real life at all, the way things look now. In time to
0:54:49 > 0:54:54bring in one more tweaked from the editor in chief of media post. Ahead
0:54:54 > 0:55:00of the week and's Oscars, Time magazine examines the new era in
0:55:00 > 0:55:03Hollywood, you know, the female one.