:00:08. > :00:13.For centuries, Britain has been a magnet for people from other
:00:13. > :00:17.countries, who want to make a better life for themselves. Now to
:00:17. > :00:21.get here, many of these migrants have to breach fortress Europe,
:00:21. > :00:27.which means taking incredible risks, living penniless on the streets,
:00:27. > :00:32.suffering great hardships on the way. They have perilous journeys,
:00:32. > :00:38.many never make it, and those who do can end up in a detention cam np
:00:38. > :00:43.Europe. What draws them here? What dangers do they face? What barriers
:00:43. > :00:48.do they encount sner to find out we're sending two reporters to
:00:48. > :00:51.travel the route most used by illegal immigrants to the UK.
:00:51. > :00:56.Shoaib Sharifi starts his journey in Afghanistan, hearing the stories
:00:56. > :01:02.that are rarely told. He follows the Afghan migrants' paths into
:01:02. > :01:06.Europe, meeting families whose children are forced to sleep rough.
:01:06. > :01:14.Seeing the reality of these people's lives as they desperately
:01:14. > :01:18.set their sights on Britain. And Kassim Kayire takes another
:01:18. > :01:28.journey, across Africa, starting in Nigeria, where he tracks the trade
:01:28. > :01:30.
:01:30. > :01:39.He follows the migrants to the Sahara, where they cross deserts
:01:39. > :01:43.surrounded by armed men and suffer unimaginable horror.
:01:43. > :01:48.And I'll look at how Britain and the rest of Europe are trying to
:01:48. > :01:58.keep these economic migrants out. Together we're on a journey to
:01:58. > :02:03.
:02:03. > :02:07.discover just how difficult it is Migration is one of those topics
:02:07. > :02:11.that's guaranteed to generate strong opinions. We're used to
:02:11. > :02:15.seeing foreign workers cleaning our offices or looking after the old,
:02:15. > :02:21.doing jobs we may not want to do ourselves. But do we really welcome
:02:21. > :02:25.the idea of people come nooing our country? -- coming into our
:02:25. > :02:30.country? Got to stop. I'll be blunt. People come in this country because
:02:30. > :02:34.they think they can milk the system. It's probably the only country in
:02:34. > :02:37.Europe where you get this benefit, that benefit and God know what's
:02:37. > :02:42.benefit. It's good to have a variety of people. Everybody should
:02:42. > :02:47.live in harmony together. We're only here for a short time and
:02:47. > :02:52.enjoy life. Do you think we should let everybody in? No-one more.
:02:52. > :02:58.one more? No, enough. Too much is here.
:02:58. > :03:01.We've got too lenient a system. They just disappear. Illegal
:03:01. > :03:08.immigration they need to be deported, because they have no
:03:08. > :03:12.right to be here. Too many foreigners, not enough? Too many.
:03:12. > :03:16.They're taking over country. British people are immigrating
:03:16. > :03:18.everywhere, Australia, New Zealand, America, everywhere you go, you see
:03:18. > :03:23.British people. They're welcomed everywhere. We need to welcome
:03:23. > :03:27.people in England. What do we know about what's driving them here? We
:03:27. > :03:31.are lucky to live in an affluent part of the world. But for those
:03:31. > :03:41.who are not, who have no hope in their own country, Britain remains
:03:41. > :03:44.
:03:44. > :03:48.something of a promised land and Our reporter, Shoaib Sharifi, has
:03:48. > :03:58.been back to his homeland in Afghanistan to begin a journey of
:03:58. > :04:03.
:04:04. > :04:10.Afghanistan has been devastated by over 30 years of war and life is
:04:10. > :04:17.hard. Across the country, the average annual wage is under �300
:04:17. > :04:21.and life expectancy, just 45. Few people see much of a future here.
:04:21. > :04:26.Shoaib's family come from a village 20 miles from the capital. Many of
:04:26. > :04:31.the men he's known since childhood have gone abroad to find work. Last
:04:31. > :04:38.year 20 of them died trying to get to Europe illegally. Yet the young
:04:38. > :04:45.are still leaving in their thousands. I'm on my way to meet a
:04:45. > :04:55.father of seven who lives in this Kabul neighbourhood. He's sending
:04:55. > :05:08.
:05:08. > :05:12.He's telling me that he is aware of the risks involved sending his son
:05:12. > :05:19.to go through many countries illegally in order to reach the UK,
:05:19. > :05:23.but he says, it's like a gamble. He's gambling on his son.
:05:23. > :05:33.Fakhrudin's 18-year-old son, Sear, has lived at home with his parents
:05:33. > :05:47.
:05:47. > :05:51.all his life. Sear knows the road Sear wouldn't be able to get a visa
:05:51. > :05:58.to enter Britain legally. He and others like him, will have to
:05:58. > :06:00.travel on an illegal trail. But why do they want to go? Shoaib
:06:01. > :06:10.meets a group of university graduates and the answer soon
:06:11. > :06:28.
:06:28. > :06:33.The number of people leaving has made people smuggling into one of
:06:33. > :06:37.Afghanistan's few growth industries. For the first step of their journey,
:06:37. > :06:47.Shoaib and the graduates head for a Kabul market, where they've heard
:06:47. > :07:24.
:07:24. > :07:30.it's easy to find a smuggler. And The smuggler can organise a journey
:07:30. > :07:39.from here to London for around �8,000 per person. For an Afghan,
:07:39. > :07:49.that price means selling land or property. But if you haven't got
:07:49. > :07:52.
:07:52. > :08:02.any, you're forced to go it alone. It's 1am and I'm on my way to a bus
:08:02. > :08:10.
:08:10. > :08:15.station South West of Kabul, just Buses filled with passengers leave
:08:15. > :08:21.Kabul every night, heading 400 miles west to the town that's
:08:21. > :08:25.border Iran. This is the bus. They call it the boat bus because most
:08:25. > :08:35.of the passengers are young Afghans aiming to leave the country in
:08:35. > :08:59.
:08:59. > :09:07.24 hours a day buses and trucks pour out of Kabul, taking migrants
:09:07. > :09:14.on the first leg of their journey. This is the border between
:09:14. > :09:23.Afghanistan and Iran. It's heavily policed. Many would-be migrants are
:09:23. > :09:28.caught, some hidden in lorries, others on foot. The ones that do
:09:28. > :09:34.manage to slip through illegally, face journeys of thousands of miles
:09:34. > :09:37.over hostile terrain that can take years. Shoaib will follow their
:09:37. > :09:45.routes, meeting migrants at the key moments of their incredible
:09:45. > :09:48.journeys towards Britain. The other popular starting point
:09:48. > :09:58.for migrants is Africa. The majority of African migrants trying
:09:58. > :09:58.
:09:58. > :10:03.to get into Britain come from Nigeria. Kassim Kayire has come to
:10:03. > :10:13.Lagos to investigate the route that many are choosing to take. Their
:10:13. > :10:15.
:10:15. > :10:20.journeys often start with fake Kassim is a British passport holder,
:10:20. > :10:27.but he wants to see how easy it is to get a Nigerian passport, that he
:10:27. > :10:33.has no right to. I've heard that in Nigeria anything
:10:33. > :10:37.is possible. If I wanted a passport, visa, bus certificate, even
:10:37. > :10:42.immunisation card, I would be able to get it. Things can be done, all
:10:42. > :10:47.you need is your money. Today, I'm going to the Passport Office to see
:10:47. > :10:51.whether I can get a passport. I'm not Nigerian, but I'm going to see
:10:51. > :10:56.how I can get a passport, how quickly I can get it and how much
:10:56. > :11:00.it will cost me. Kassim's driver, Abiola, tells him there are
:11:00. > :11:06.officials working at the Nigerian Passport Office, who'd be willing
:11:06. > :11:10.to sell him a passport. When you say an immigration officer, is it
:11:10. > :11:16.someone officially working in the immigration office or another
:11:16. > :11:22.Middle Man for another official inside the Passport Office? Well,
:11:22. > :11:25.they might be a Middle Man, but he is actually an immigration office
:11:25. > :11:29.who works for the federal government that works at the
:11:29. > :11:37.Passport Office. We head down town to the Passport Office. What I'm
:11:37. > :11:42.about to do is illegal. So I switch it a hidden camera.
:11:42. > :11:47.Once I'm through the gates, it doesn't take long for a uniformed
:11:47. > :11:52.immigration officer to offer his help. It seems extraordinary that a
:11:52. > :12:02.government official is going to help me get a Nigerian passport I'm
:12:02. > :12:32.
:12:32. > :12:37.That was it. Without a shred of evidence a real Nigerian passport,
:12:37. > :12:41.costing just �72, will be ready in a couple of days. Basically, I've
:12:41. > :12:48.gone through all the processes. I've qualified to receive a
:12:48. > :12:53.passport. This is sort of my guarantor. I have no idea who Lawal
:12:53. > :13:02.Akeem is. But he's there. He is my guarantor. I've had to develop a
:13:02. > :13:05.quick signature which is this, so it's Aminu Abdilahi. In the final
:13:05. > :13:10.analysis, the passport I'm waiting to receive is a genuine passport.
:13:10. > :13:14.It's in the a fake passport. It is a true passport that is coming from
:13:14. > :13:20.the national Immigration Service of the republic of nigh John Kerrya.
:13:20. > :13:30.The only thing that is not -- Republic of Nigeria. The only thing
:13:30. > :13:39.
:13:39. > :13:43.For many, this is the first step to getting to Britain. Kassim would
:13:43. > :13:47.still need to get a visa if he wanted to go to the UK. Getting the
:13:47. > :13:57.necessary document to make a convincing visa application is,
:13:57. > :13:57.
:13:57. > :14:00.he's told, just as easy, at a price. With money. All things are possible.
:14:00. > :14:10.Kassim had no intention of using the false documents he's getting,
:14:10. > :14:14.
:14:14. > :14:17.So, it seems pretty easy to get hold of a Nigerian passport
:14:17. > :14:23.fraudulently with the promise of all the necessary documents wasle.
:14:23. > :14:27.The real test is will all that get you into Britain? This is the
:14:27. > :14:30.border, Passport Control at Heathrow Airport.
:14:30. > :14:37.All the immigration officers are familiar with forgeries, basic
:14:37. > :14:42.forgeries. I've come to meet Tahira Shah. She's been working here for
:14:42. > :14:46.ten years. She helps to decide who can and can't come into Britain.
:14:46. > :14:51.Because technologies have advanced so much now, it's probably more
:14:51. > :14:56.easier to travel perhaps as an imposter. On a real document that
:14:56. > :15:02.you're not validly holding? Yeah. Would you watch if a Nigerian
:15:02. > :15:06.flight came in? Probably, yes. UK Border Agency has been very
:15:06. > :15:10.concerned about the number of people flying in from Nigeria with
:15:10. > :15:14.fraudulent documents. It's taken to giving training and technology to
:15:14. > :15:17.the Nigerian police to detect forgeries, crack the criminal rings
:15:17. > :15:23.producing thm and catch those corrupt officials.
:15:23. > :15:27.But no system is 1 hundred per safe. Last year, over 2,000 people were
:15:27. > :15:31.detected trying to get into Britain with fraudulent documents. Those
:15:31. > :15:39.are the one that's were caught. What we don't know is how many got
:15:39. > :15:46.This is the frontline of a fight against increasingly sophisticated
:15:46. > :15:52.forgeries from all over the world. We would fingerprint, again, much
:15:52. > :15:58.to make sure that they match the visa, but with the document, if you
:15:58. > :16:08.cannot detect it, you do not know. No. So... So it seems to me that
:16:08. > :16:13.once you are in, you are in. If you can buy the right documents
:16:13. > :16:19.and get on a plane, you will save yourself the pain and hardship of a
:16:20. > :16:23.journey overland, but not everyone can afford it. Thousands of
:16:23. > :16:33.migrants from parts of Asia and Afghanistan have made the road
:16:33. > :16:46.
:16:46. > :16:50.journey to Turkey, a key transit Shoaib has flown straight into
:16:50. > :16:56.Turkey from Afghanistan. His fellow Afghans may well have spent months
:16:56. > :17:00.getting here overland. Some of them have crossed mountains on horseback
:17:00. > :17:10.and hidden in trucks, and they have ended up here on the streets of
:17:10. > :17:10.
:17:10. > :17:20.Shoaib meets Suleiman, who arrived here a month ago as part of a
:17:20. > :17:30.
:17:30. > :17:40.By this point, many Afghan migrants have ran out of money and their
:17:40. > :17:41.
:17:41. > :17:49.The ones who can carry on another 150 miles west to the border with
:17:49. > :17:54.That border between Turkey and Greece effectively separates Europe
:17:54. > :17:57.from Asia, and it has been incredibly porous, a huge headache
:17:57. > :18:06.for the Greeks, who at the end of last year called for help from the
:18:06. > :18:15.The European taskforce held sprees in its role as gatekeeper for
:18:15. > :18:25.Infrared cameras watch as migrants tried to cross the river and land
:18:25. > :18:43.
:18:43. > :18:46.Undocumented migrants are rounded up. Shoaib went to this overcrowded
:18:46. > :18:56.detention centre just over the Greek border, where some of them
:18:56. > :19:31.
:19:31. > :19:36.It is a huge problem for the Greek authorities to process these
:19:36. > :19:41.migrants, who arrive with no documents. And it is not just
:19:41. > :19:47.single men. Entire families turn up. Once processed, they are free to
:19:47. > :19:57.leave for Athens, but many, like Soraya, virtually have no money and
:19:57. > :20:17.
:20:17. > :20:22.Within minutes of leaving the detention centre, Shoaib comes
:20:22. > :20:26.across four young men on the road. They have nothing, no money, no
:20:26. > :20:36.third and only a plastic sheet for protection from the rain. -- no
:20:36. > :20:36.
:20:36. > :21:18.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 42 seconds
:21:18. > :21:28.Without the money for the bus fare, it is clear these young men have a
:21:28. > :21:28.
:21:28. > :21:33.long haul ahead of them to get to Even the lucky ones on the bus have
:21:33. > :21:37.spent all day covering the 400 miles from the detention centre.
:21:37. > :21:42.And when they get to the Greek capital, they are stuck, because
:21:42. > :21:52.without the right documents, they cannot get out of Greece. Shoaib
:21:52. > :21:57.
:21:57. > :22:07.meets them when they finally arrive Many end up in the squares and
:22:07. > :22:17.
:22:17. > :22:23.Shoaib meets a young couple who arrived 10 days ago with their
:22:23. > :22:29.three young children, all under the age of five. They have been relying
:22:29. > :22:39.on a local charity to feed their children once a day. They show him
:22:39. > :23:05.
:23:05. > :23:15.where they are sleeving. -- Parents Abdullah and Zarminah take
:23:15. > :23:31.
:23:31. > :23:35.turns to sleep and keep watch over There are hundreds of Afghans with
:23:35. > :23:45.their children sleeping on the streets of this, the capital of a
:23:45. > :23:48.
:23:48. > :23:52.European Union country. It is a A short distance away, near the
:23:52. > :24:02.railway tracks, Shoaib finds makeshift shacks where more of his
:24:02. > :24:25.
:24:25. > :24:31.It is not even three square metres, they have four people, and one
:24:31. > :24:41.person can hardly stretch his legs. He is telling me there of four
:24:41. > :25:03.
:25:03. > :25:08.people. I could hear at least two There has been hostility to the
:25:08. > :25:11.migrants from the Greeks in Athens. It is not surprising, really. No-
:25:11. > :25:21.one wants to see their city full of people sleeping on the streets with
:25:21. > :25:36.
:25:36. > :25:43.In the morning, Shoaib goes to help at a charity which provides free
:25:43. > :25:49.meals to hundreds of microns every day. -- migrants. The Greek
:25:49. > :25:59.authorities cannot cope with these new arrivals. One man, an Algerian,
:25:59. > :25:59.
:25:59. > :27:05.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 42 seconds
:27:05. > :27:09.is desperate to tell Shoaib about If the Afghan migrants imagined for
:27:09. > :27:19.a moment that Europe was going to be welcoming, their illusions are
:27:19. > :27:28.
:27:28. > :27:33.shattered once and for all by the But 1800 miles away, more migrants
:27:33. > :27:43.are on the move, people from across West Africa are making their way to
:27:43. > :27:51.
:27:51. > :27:55.Kassim was flying from Nigeria to Agadez. For centuries, this town on
:27:55. > :28:05.the edge of the Sahara has been a staging post for people travelling
:28:05. > :28:13.
:28:13. > :28:17.from the heart of Africa to the There are thousands of migrants in
:28:17. > :28:25.transit in Agadez waiting to travel on through the Sahara desert to
:28:25. > :28:29.Libya or Morocco to continue their But getting out is not going to be
:28:29. > :28:36.easy. Most people have already travelled thousands of miles to get
:28:36. > :28:40.here and I spent all of their money. -- have spent. Like this group from
:28:40. > :28:49.Ghana. With no cash, they cannot afford to move on. How much money
:28:49. > :28:59.do you need? How long would you need to work for $2,000? Did you
:28:59. > :29:19.
:29:19. > :29:23.Mike Wren's dream of earning enough money to get on a lorry and make
:29:23. > :29:28.their way across the desert, heading to the Mediterranean and
:29:28. > :29:38.then Europe and on to Britain. -- migrants. You get to a point way
:29:38. > :29:43.When you get the money, those lorries become important. Very
:29:43. > :29:53.attractive! Do you come here every day to look and say, one day I will
:29:53. > :30:03.To be where I want, that is it. is not only the men who have been
:30:03. > :30:04.
:30:04. > :30:09.taken advantage of, it is far worse These three teenagers have come
:30:09. > :30:14.1,000 miles from Cameroon, and it has been an even more dangerous and
:30:14. > :30:24.difficult journey for them. Having been exploited by smugglers, they
:30:24. > :30:24.
:30:24. > :31:06.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 42 seconds
:31:07. > :31:10.To me, it's been very disheartening, because I was thinking, this could
:31:10. > :31:13.be my sister, this is someone's mother, this is someone's daughter.
:31:13. > :31:19.The parents are there waiting, they know their daughter left. They went
:31:19. > :31:25.to look for a life. If they called back home, what are they going to
:31:25. > :31:30.tell their parents? I don't know what happened to those girls, but I
:31:30. > :31:40.do know that many women end the George Bushies -- journeys they
:31:40. > :31:47.
:31:47. > :31:50.hoped would take them to Europe in Where are the buses? The next monk,
:31:50. > :32:00.it becomes clear that those migrants able to move on may still
:32:00. > :32:00.
:32:00. > :32:04.face horrors on the road ahead. The road north out of Agadez into
:32:04. > :32:13.the Sahara is so dangerous that the only way to travel is in these
:32:14. > :32:18.armed convoys. This is one mass movement of people.
:32:18. > :32:22.It's about ten buses so far as I've managed to count, more than 40
:32:22. > :32:27.trucks. Because of the security situation here, they have to
:32:27. > :32:37.provide security, that's why they move together in what is a military
:32:37. > :32:41.
:32:41. > :32:45.convoy. They have to escort them The convoys head out across the
:32:45. > :32:51.Sahara bound for Algeria, Morocco and Libya, towards the
:32:51. > :33:00.Mediterranean. For migrants, this is a journey into danger and
:33:00. > :33:10.uncertainty. Bandits, militia and the desert itself can tear convoys
:33:10. > :33:14.
:33:14. > :33:17.apart. Recent footage, taken in the Samarra, shows overloaded trucks,
:33:17. > :33:25.broken down in the middle of nowhere, migrants abandoned to die
:33:25. > :33:35.in the dunes. Kassim is also heading for Morocco,
:33:35. > :33:38.
:33:38. > :33:44.but he's relieved not to be If they get to Morocco, these
:33:44. > :33:48.migrants will then try to cross the sea into Europe. On the other side
:33:49. > :33:58.of the Mediterranean, in Greece, Shoaib has reached the busy port of
:33:58. > :34:05.Patras. Every day hundreds of trucks leave
:34:05. > :34:12.on ferries for Italy. Some are carrying cargo that's not quite
:34:12. > :34:15.what's advertised on the waybill. For migrants, it's the perfect
:34:15. > :34:25.escape route to mainland Europe and Britain, if they can get on one
:34:25. > :34:27.
:34:27. > :34:37.At the fence around the port, there's a large group of Afghans
:34:37. > :35:16.
:35:16. > :35:22.All day long, in plain view, an almost ritualistic battle is played
:35:22. > :35:29.out between migrants and guards. The migrants are determined to get
:35:29. > :35:39.onto the trucks and so into the heart of Europe. The guards are
:35:39. > :35:46.
:35:46. > :35:50.The guards have seen a young man attempting to get onto a truck.
:35:50. > :36:00.He makes a run for it, trying to get back to the other side of the
:36:00. > :36:18.
:36:18. > :36:23.Everyone knows what's going on, including the truck drivers. You're
:36:24. > :36:29.sure there's nobody? Oh, yeah. 100%? 100. Have you come across
:36:29. > :36:34.anyone trying to get into your car? 500 times a year. Even today they
:36:34. > :36:39.open my truck three times. I open up, I got two, three guys out. One
:36:39. > :36:45.was on the Axels. He's risking his life. They suffer. They die on the
:36:45. > :36:49.road. It's not right. That's my point. Europe is a power now. They
:36:49. > :36:59.have money. They can organise this or help or find some way, not like
:36:59. > :37:07.
:37:07. > :37:13.this. They are not animals. They Wherever Shoaib goes, he sees
:37:13. > :37:23.Afghans just waiting for one lucky moment. He come as cross some
:37:23. > :37:43.
:37:43. > :37:49.camping by the beach -- comes At a playground nearby, Shoaib
:37:49. > :37:59.finds young Afghans. It's taken them months to travel over 2,500
:37:59. > :38:18.
:38:18. > :38:28.Some of the people Shoaib meets The migrants call this road their
:38:28. > :38:32.
:38:32. > :38:36.runway. It's where they hope to Shoaib watches as whole groups take
:38:36. > :38:46.to the streets, attempting to board the trucks in plain view of
:38:46. > :38:46.
:38:46. > :39:37.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 42 seconds
:39:37. > :39:47.Four times he tried today. ( Driver The ones that are caught receive
:39:47. > :39:47.
:39:47. > :40:43.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 42 seconds
:40:43. > :40:53.A tanker heading for the port stops at the traffic lights and one of
:40:53. > :41:05.
:41:05. > :41:12.The tanker pulls away with the young man clinging on below.
:41:12. > :41:18.Migrants are desperate people. No- one knows just how many die trying
:41:18. > :41:28.to get across the Mediterranean sea. Their goal is to get into mainland
:41:28. > :41:30.
:41:30. > :41:35.Europe and some of them onto And some try to cross in small
:41:35. > :41:44.boats and inflatible dinghies. I've joined an Italian Border
:41:44. > :41:48.Patrol, which aims to intercept them at sea.
:41:48. > :41:53.The paths that migrants follow to get to Europe are constantly
:41:53. > :41:58.changing as they try to evade border controls. A couple of years
:41:58. > :42:06.ago subSaharan Africans used to go to Libya, cross in small boats and
:42:06. > :42:09.make their way to southern Italy. Their journeys were unbelievably
:42:09. > :42:19.perilous. Nearly 200 miles through heavy seas on overcrowded, unstable
:42:19. > :42:21.
:42:21. > :42:31.boats. The results - boats often capsized and people drowned.
:42:31. > :42:33.
:42:33. > :42:38.Survivors sent back to Libya. Now, once again, Italian border patrols
:42:38. > :42:42.are picking up increasing numbers of boats filled with migrants, over
:42:42. > :42:48.40,000 have arrived so far this year with 1200 reported missing or
:42:48. > :42:51.dead on their journeys. They've come from north Africa,
:42:51. > :43:01.taking advantage of the recent political upheaval to try to break
:43:01. > :43:03.
:43:03. > :43:06.into Europe. The north African coastline is the traditional
:43:06. > :43:13.departure point for Europe for African migrants, who've slogged
:43:13. > :43:18.their way across most of a huge continent.
:43:18. > :43:28.Kassim has reached rab at in Morocco. He's flown from Niger, but
:43:28. > :43:32.
:43:32. > :43:38.he wants to find migrants who've It's not long before he sees a few
:43:38. > :43:42.faces in the market that don't look Moroccan.
:43:42. > :43:48.The government here is sensitive about the issue of migrants, who
:43:48. > :43:55.make their way across the Sahara, so we can't film openly.
:43:56. > :43:58.Kassim is meeting a woman at her home. To get here she and her two
:43:59. > :44:08.children travelled 3,000 miles over land from the Democratic Republic
:44:09. > :44:13.
:44:13. > :44:16.She was stuck in the desert. She tried to pay the drivers off, but
:44:16. > :44:26.they refused, took her off the lorry, threatened her with a knife
:44:26. > :44:26.
:44:26. > :45:15.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 42 seconds
:45:15. > :45:19.Mourinho ran away from Congo, thinking she was leaving the
:45:19. > :45:23.insecurity in our country. -- Philomen. What broke my heart was
:45:23. > :45:31.that the traffickers even tried to force her child into sex, they
:45:31. > :45:35.tried to sleep with a four-year-old. I mean, how hard can things get?
:45:35. > :45:38.Philomen is stuck in Morocco, but she just wants to get to a European
:45:38. > :45:48.country where she believes that a human rights will be respected and
:45:48. > :46:01.
:46:01. > :46:05.Kassim has told about some men who have travelled overland from Agadez
:46:05. > :46:09.and are in Rabat. They do not want to continue their journey by road
:46:09. > :46:14.and not planning to use fake documents, like the passport that
:46:14. > :46:20.Kassim himself left behind in Lagos, to fly into Britain. You are still
:46:20. > :46:27.intent on going to London? Yes. Have you got a passport? A British
:46:27. > :46:37.passport? How easy was it to get it? It wasn't easy, but I have
:46:37. > :46:46.
:46:46. > :46:55.And it is your photograph that is in there? Not my photo. But you
:46:55. > :46:59.look alike, you need to have him Glass's off. -- your classes off.
:46:59. > :47:02.But you do not need to use false passport to get into Europe, and
:47:03. > :47:12.you do not have to cross the Mediterranean a Smuggler's boat
:47:13. > :47:18.
:47:18. > :47:22.either. For a migrant heading for Melilla is on the coast of North
:47:22. > :47:32.Africa, but it is not African, it is Spanish, in the same way that
:47:32. > :47:41.Gibraltar is a British territory. So if you can get in, you are in
:47:41. > :47:44.Europe, and you are unlikely to get It is such a tantalising option for
:47:44. > :47:54.migrants that the Spanish build a fence around their town to keep
:47:54. > :47:56.
:47:56. > :48:03.But it was no deterrent, and hundreds of people simply left over.
:48:03. > :48:13.And so, in 2005, they built this, a much higher fence designed to make
:48:13. > :48:14.
:48:14. > :48:17.Europe a fortress. It is 20 ft high and six miles long. Defence is
:48:17. > :48:27.formidable, and it has reduced the number of illegal migrants getting
:48:27. > :48:31.
:48:32. > :48:35.through. -- the fence. But it has Inside, there is a detention centre
:48:35. > :48:40.for all of those who have smuggled themselves through the border in
:48:40. > :48:46.trucks and cars. This is their sort-of last step, and if they
:48:46. > :48:49.manage to make it into Melilla, it defines the tree that will allow
:48:49. > :48:53.them to break into the last of Europe, including Britain. -- their
:48:53. > :49:03.dream. This man has travelled through eight African countries to
:49:03. > :49:07.
:49:07. > :49:15.get this far. Where do you want to And it is mainland Spain where they
:49:15. > :49:19.all want to get to. Migrants are sent from Melilla to detention
:49:19. > :49:23.camps there, and it then becomes easier for them to disappear from
:49:23. > :49:26.the authority's' side, and then it is not that difficult for illegal
:49:27. > :49:36.migrants to make their way to almost any European country on the
:49:37. > :49:40.
:49:40. > :49:47.Shoaib is on his way to Calais, almost at the end of his journey
:49:47. > :49:53.following Afghan migrants. As a cross and hit Italy, they are using
:49:54. > :49:58.mostly trains to Calais. I kind of feel that even in this train that
:49:58. > :50:08.we are travelling in, who knows, they may be hiding somewhere on
:50:08. > :50:09.
:50:09. > :50:14.On mainland Europe, the movement of my friends is virtually
:50:14. > :50:19.undetectable. One reason for that is because of the European treaty,
:50:19. > :50:24.the Shengen agreement, which removed internal border controls.
:50:24. > :50:29.Once inside Shengen, he can go as far as your life. Until you get to
:50:29. > :50:34.hear, Calais. Firstly, you encounter the Channel. And secondly,
:50:34. > :50:44.there is a border, because Britain never signed the Shengen agreement,
:50:44. > :50:45.
:50:45. > :50:50.Well, it is the early hours of the morning, it is extremely cold and
:50:50. > :50:56.damp, and it is actually quite busy, lorries queuing up to go through
:50:56. > :51:00.passport control to get into Britain. The UK Border Agency
:51:00. > :51:07.performs checks on many lorries, looking for any migrant he might be
:51:07. > :51:10.hidden on board. On average, they find one every day. We have got an
:51:11. > :51:17.office in here now utilising the CEO to probe, and this machine will
:51:17. > :51:23.detect if there is anybody in sight. -- carbon dioxide. It is connected
:51:23. > :51:27.to a heartbeat machine. It is actually detecting movement inside.
:51:27. > :51:32.So some sophisticated equipment and the enormous effort goes in to try
:51:32. > :51:42.to keep Britain's border impenetrable. But even seeing all
:51:42. > :51:42.
:51:42. > :51:49.of this, I wonder whether migrants And the evidence from our border in
:51:49. > :51:55.Calais is that it is very difficult. Many migrants reached a dead end
:51:55. > :51:58.here, unable to cross the Channel. Shoaib finds some of his fellow
:51:58. > :52:08.Afghans living by the railway tracks, listening to music that
:52:08. > :52:08.
:52:08. > :53:03.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 42 seconds
:53:03. > :53:10.Other migrants try and cross further along the Channel, in
:53:10. > :53:15.Belgium, at the port of Ostend. And here, Kassim can see just how hard
:53:15. > :53:19.people will try to make it into Britain. This is Ostend station,
:53:19. > :53:22.the port, which combines three different means of transport, you
:53:22. > :53:26.have the train on one side, the ferry on the other, and then the
:53:26. > :53:30.trucks. Those who are very desperate will try to jump onto the
:53:30. > :53:35.tracks, but this is electrified, there is an electric fence, and
:53:35. > :53:44.quite often we have heard stories that some have been electrocuted.
:53:44. > :53:54.It is not an easy thing to do. It is about 10 metres, the war itself.
:53:54. > :54:05.
:54:05. > :54:10.But a desperate person will do In Calais, Shoaib meets 18 year-old
:54:10. > :54:13.Kadeer left his family in Afghanistan four years ago. He has
:54:13. > :54:23.been living rough here for the last two years, trying to make his way
:54:23. > :54:24.
:54:24. > :55:18.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 42 seconds
:55:18. > :55:22.on to a ferry bound for the over. - Kadeer has travelled 3,500 miles
:55:22. > :55:31.and spent a quarter of his life trying to break into Britain. But
:55:31. > :55:36.the final 20 miles are proving Now I know what the migrants were
:55:36. > :55:40.talking about, the famous White Cliffs of Dover. It is not a very
:55:40. > :55:44.long distance, I can understand those migrants who are so
:55:44. > :55:51.determined, despite Britain becoming more and more difficult to
:55:51. > :55:55.break into. Because the final destination he is just an eyesight
:55:55. > :56:05.away from them. They cannot just give up while they can see their
:56:05. > :56:37.
:56:37. > :56:43.Shoaib and Kassim are back in London, a city that has welcomed
:56:43. > :56:50.and benefited from migrants for centuries. Here is Kassim. For the
:56:50. > :56:55.first time, we are all meting out. Welcome, welcome. So this is the
:56:55. > :56:59.first time you have met, right? One thing that comes out of vocal
:56:59. > :57:06.stories is how this is a European issue, isn't it? Greece cannot cope
:57:06. > :57:11.on its own, it has got to have the bigger European perspective. People
:57:11. > :57:17.were saying on the ground that at least one aspect of the EU is human
:57:17. > :57:22.rights. No matter whether it is legal or illegal migration, what is
:57:22. > :57:26.the commitment of EU towards humans? There is an argument that
:57:26. > :57:32.says you build a wall so high that no one will even try to come over.
:57:32. > :57:37.Well, they tried that in Morocco, with Spain and Melilla, which
:57:37. > :57:41.really... I visited it. All you do is get rid of the official version,
:57:41. > :57:45.which is people coming in through the usual ways, through the borders
:57:45. > :57:49.that are known, into an official versions, where people have to find
:57:49. > :57:58.alternative ways, which may be very dangerous. So you cannot build a
:57:58. > :58:02.wall, it is always possible. People will find a way to come in. Son and
:58:02. > :58:05.Kassim did not have to break into Britain, but what they found on
:58:05. > :58:10.their journeys was that economic migrants are not a problem for
:58:11. > :58:15.Britain alone. The issue is one facing all of Europe. With our
:58:15. > :58:19.world so divided between rich and poor, it is easy to see why, even
:58:19. > :58:26.in hard times, Britain remains attractive. For Zarminah and her