:00:09. > :00:14.Tomorrow Pope Francis meets the Queen at the Vatican.
:00:15. > :00:20.One year on, he's confronting the financial and sexual scandals his
:00:21. > :00:23.predecessor couldn't cope with. The Church was considered a sort of
:00:24. > :00:28.global culprit for all these scandals.
:00:29. > :00:32.The Pope's making enemies amongst the rich and the powerful. But
:00:33. > :00:38.Francis is putting the poor at the heart of his mission.
:00:39. > :00:43.The Pope clearly says to us do keep a special eye on the poor. This is
:00:44. > :00:48.just pure Marxism coming out of the mouth of the Pope. So can this Pope
:00:49. > :00:55.bring a Revolution to the Catholic Church where others have failed?
:00:56. > :01:13.But he's aware of the dangers? Yes, yes.
:01:14. > :01:22.They call it the Francis effect. The Pope who's greeted like a rock star
:01:23. > :01:25.whenever he appears. Tens of thousands of people pack St Peter's
:01:26. > :01:30.Square in Rome at his weekly audience to catch a glimpse of him.
:01:31. > :01:33.Francis is bringing disillusioned Catholics back to the church with
:01:34. > :01:39.his common touch and his hard hitting words.
:01:40. > :01:44.There's no doubt about the Pope's popularity. But who is Francis
:01:45. > :01:51.really? And are the changes he's bringing to the Church for real, or
:01:52. > :01:53.is it just style not substance? Above all, can Francis really
:01:54. > :01:59.satisfy the enormous expectations that he's raised? He's becoming the
:02:00. > :02:03.moral voice of the world. So people are listening to him. That's what
:02:04. > :02:08.the religious leaders are supposed to be.
:02:09. > :02:14.But in becoming the moral voice within the Church, Francis is
:02:15. > :02:17.meeting resistence, making enemies. What we perceive is that the
:02:18. > :02:21.honeymoon of the Pope is going to finish and in a short time we might
:02:22. > :02:28.have those silent resistences coming out more loudly.
:02:29. > :02:30.In his speeches the Pope's been spelling out why the Church needs a
:02:31. > :02:51.revolution. A year ago the shock resignation of
:02:52. > :02:55.the old Pope Benedict exposed the parlous state of the Catholic
:02:56. > :03:01.Church. Benedict admitted he didn't have the stamina to carry on.
:03:02. > :03:04.Scandals were rocking the Church. Corruption, sex abuse of children,
:03:05. > :03:14.gay intrigues. Some of it even leaked by his own butler.
:03:15. > :03:23.When the Cardinals met in conclave to choose a new leader they knew the
:03:24. > :03:26.next Pope had to save the Church. One year ago the Church was
:03:27. > :03:33.considered sort of a global culprit for these scandals.
:03:34. > :03:46.Massimo Franco is one of Italy's foremost political commentators an
:03:47. > :03:50.expert on the Vatican. The Church had arrived to such a
:03:51. > :03:53.miserable condition that it had to behave as it did and the conclave
:03:54. > :03:58.was a great surprise, a happy surprise.
:03:59. > :04:02.When Francis was elected he stepped into the limelight not with the
:04:03. > :04:11.usual formal words, but a simple Italian greeting.
:04:12. > :04:14.Buena serra. And with that the first Latin
:04:15. > :04:23.American Pope began to transform the style of the papacy.
:04:24. > :04:29.The stuffy formality has gone out of the window. Pope Francis doesn't use
:04:30. > :04:35.the Papal limousine. And he won't wear the special red Papal slippers.
:04:36. > :04:37.The Pope tends to ring people up out of the blue. He left a jokey message
:04:38. > :04:54.when some nuns weren't at home. The Pope's not a superman, he told a
:04:55. > :05:01.paper. But he loves football and having his photo taken with his
:05:02. > :05:10.fans. Francis has become a global phenomenon, with his Pope app and 17
:05:11. > :05:15.million followers on Twitter. His wish is to show the world that
:05:16. > :05:22.to be a Pope you are a leader, but at the same time you are one of
:05:23. > :05:25.them. And this is his philosophy, this was and this is, and this will
:05:26. > :05:30.continue being his philosophy of life.
:05:31. > :05:32.An Argentinian priest who knew him back home experienced the Pope's
:05:33. > :05:38.extraordinary personal touch in St Peter's Square.
:05:39. > :05:43.He said, what are you doing here? What are we doing here! He was
:05:44. > :05:53.laughing. He gestured for me to get in. The first thing I thought was,
:05:54. > :05:56.nobody's going to believe this! I was struck by the Pope's serenity,
:05:57. > :06:03.the way he looks at people. He's seeing each individual person.
:06:04. > :06:07.Putting the individual back at the heart of the Church is what Francis
:06:08. > :06:13.has been doing for years where he came from. The Pope is from one of
:06:14. > :06:21.Latin America's great cities, Buenos Aires in Argentina. He was born
:06:22. > :06:32.Jorge Bergoglio into a family of working class Italian immigrants.
:06:33. > :06:44.Jorge was one of five children. This is his sister Maria Elena in a rare
:06:45. > :06:47.interview filmed at home. TRANSLATION: Ever since I can
:06:48. > :06:54.remember, he's always been very present in our lives. He's always
:06:55. > :06:57.been very warm, and protective. In the Milonga clubs at night they
:06:58. > :07:01.still dance the tango. Just as the young Bergoglio did with his
:07:02. > :07:11.girlfriend. Until one day during confession he experienced a powerful
:07:12. > :07:15.urge to dedicate his life to God. TRANSLATION: Our father was happy
:07:16. > :07:19.with Jorge's decision to become a priest. It was a little harder for
:07:20. > :07:27.our mother. He was her son and he was leaving. But she was happy. Mum
:07:28. > :07:36.lived to see him ordained. Dad didn't, he died very young.
:07:37. > :07:39.Jorge Bergoglio quickly became head of the Jesuits, then Archbishop of
:07:40. > :07:47.the great Metropolitan cathedral in the Plaza de Mayo. But he never
:07:48. > :07:54.forgot his humble origins. He always used the subway, not a
:07:55. > :07:57.chauffeur. For 20 years Archbishop Bergoglio
:07:58. > :08:03.came to this barber shop off the square to catch up on the gossip and
:08:04. > :08:08.the football scores. He bought his paper from the stand on the corner.
:08:09. > :08:15.Until the vendor got a call from Rome. It was the Pope, cancelling
:08:16. > :08:19.his subscription. One of the Pope's closest friends in
:08:20. > :08:25.Buenos Aires is a rabbi. They wrote a book together on religion.
:08:26. > :08:29.He is a leader, a natural leader who knows how to combine humbleness and
:08:30. > :08:43.leadership to be very close to the people. It's in the vilas here, the
:08:44. > :08:46.slums, you see the social deprivation the Pope wants the
:08:47. > :08:54.Church to focus on. In doing so he's pushing into controversial political
:08:55. > :08:57.territory. Pope Francis has said the Church must be a field hospital,
:08:58. > :09:02.treating the wounded. He's saying that based on his experiences of the
:09:03. > :09:10.slums here. He's putting the poor at the heart of his mission to change
:09:11. > :09:13.the Catholic Church. It's Sunday morning and Father Juan
:09:14. > :09:17.Isasmendi is celebrating Holy Communion. Archbishop Bergoglio
:09:18. > :09:31.ordained him and asked him to dedicate his life to the poor.
:09:32. > :09:34.TRANSLATION: He made us certain that only by practising our pastoral
:09:35. > :09:37.ministry as if we were missionaries and getting close to people would
:09:38. > :09:42.Christ's message flower in their hearts.
:09:43. > :09:46.As Archbishop, Bergoglio doubled the number of priests in the slums. They
:09:47. > :09:59.deal with poverty, violence and drugs. Everyone here knows Father
:10:00. > :10:03.Juan. Father Juan showed me the football
:10:04. > :10:07.stadium of San Lorenzo. It's the team the Pope supports, but it lies
:10:08. > :10:14.alongside streets which are no-go areas. The effects of "paco" - a
:10:15. > :10:19.cocaine-based drug - can be seen everywhere. The church provides a
:10:20. > :10:27.safety net for the street people, the addicts and the prostitutes.
:10:28. > :10:34.They feed 120 of the poorest people every day at the church, help them
:10:35. > :10:39.find jobs. Nahwel was abandoned on the street
:10:40. > :10:46.as a baby. He's still homeless but the Church has been a lifeline for
:10:47. > :10:57.him. To him the Pope isn't just a remote figure in Rome.
:10:58. > :11:01.TRANSLATION: He does many things no other Pope did before. He is great,
:11:02. > :11:15.a good guy. When I listen to him speak I say, "This man is big, he's
:11:16. > :11:20.cool". Yeah, he's a genius. Francis is still the champion of the
:11:21. > :11:30.poor. But now in the grandeur of the Vatican. When the Pope appointed his
:11:31. > :11:34.first Cardinals he made it clear he was shifting power in the Church,
:11:35. > :11:37.away from Europe to the developing world. Benedict appeared in public
:11:38. > :11:41.for the first time since his resignation. People saw it as a sign
:11:42. > :11:47.he backed Francis in tackling the Curia - the Church's governing body.
:11:48. > :11:51.This Pope doesn't want to be led by the Curia, the other one was a
:11:52. > :11:56.prisoner of the Curia. The Pope must change radically the Curia. If he
:11:57. > :12:00.doesn't change radically the Curia, he can be popular, he can succeed at
:12:01. > :12:07.world level, but he will not actually change the Church.
:12:08. > :12:12.The Curia has been dominated by Italians for hundreds of years. But
:12:13. > :12:18.most of Francis new cardinals were from Asia and Africa.
:12:19. > :12:24.Vincent Nichols of Westminster was one of the exceptions.
:12:25. > :12:27.I think he wants a college of cardinals that reflects the
:12:28. > :12:33.distribution of Catholics around the world. I think he wants a college of
:12:34. > :12:36.cardinals of people who live with and work alongside the poor. And I
:12:37. > :12:40.think he wants leaders from the great big cities of the world like
:12:41. > :12:47.Buenos Aires, Rio and Seoul and London.
:12:48. > :12:53.Three quarters of the world 1.2 billion Catholics live in Latin
:12:54. > :13:02.America, Asia and Africa. What do you think of Pope Francis?
:13:03. > :13:08.Nice. More than half the Cardinals are
:13:09. > :13:15.from Europe, most from Italy. Now they're losing ground as Francis
:13:16. > :13:19.gathers new advisors around him. The Italians have done a marvellous
:13:20. > :13:23.job so far in being able to help the Holy Father, to take decisions. But
:13:24. > :13:27.now's the time for professionalism, now that today the world is moving
:13:28. > :13:34.so fast, changing so fast. He's answering the needs of the times.
:13:35. > :13:37.Oswald Gracias is from India. He is one of the so-called C8, eight
:13:38. > :13:41.Cardinals from the four corners of the world. They are the new power in
:13:42. > :13:45.the Vatican. And that is threatening the old guard.
:13:46. > :13:49.His critics are not usually open critics, they are people of the old
:13:50. > :13:53.Curia who say he is going too far with reforms .They are telling that
:13:54. > :13:57.he is a prisoner of a sort of Gorbachev syndrome. He is reforming
:13:58. > :14:10.too much and too much in depth, so that he risks to destroy the Church.
:14:11. > :14:14.Every change is difficult. Every change has resistance. Every change
:14:15. > :14:17.makes people uncomfortable, but change is inevitable, and it's
:14:18. > :14:18.always important to make change before you're forced to make the
:14:19. > :14:30.change. It's not just within the Church that
:14:31. > :14:32.Francis is stirring things up. His new Cardinal Vincent Nichols
:14:33. > :14:42.received congratulations from a visitor once at the heart of British
:14:43. > :14:46.politics. But just days before, he had upset
:14:47. > :14:49.David Cameron. Taking his cue from Francis, the Cardinal criticised
:14:50. > :14:53.welfare cuts for removing the safety net for the poor.
:14:54. > :14:57.The Pope clearly says to us, do keep a special eye on the poor, and what
:14:58. > :15:00.I was saying was what I'd been told by the priests who work on the
:15:01. > :15:04.ground, people who are there alongside the poor. Now, the causes
:15:05. > :15:10.of poverty are very complex, but nevertheless, there's something
:15:11. > :15:13.wrong when people are just left. And I think the Holy Father would
:15:14. > :15:24.understand that and echo that directly himself.
:15:25. > :15:40.In his keynote exhortation to the faithful, Francis launched a
:15:41. > :15:48.blistering assault on the whole capitalist system.
:15:49. > :15:51.This is pretty strong stuff. The Pope attacks what he calls the
:15:52. > :15:55.'economy of exclusion', which deadens us, he says, 'to the misery
:15:56. > :15:57.of the poor'. He is scathing about the current 'idolatry of money'.
:15:58. > :16:04.Condemning debt, corruption and tax evasion. The Pope's words have
:16:05. > :16:10.infuriated Conservatives. Particularly in the US. The
:16:11. > :16:15.Republican Party's favourite radio 'shock jock' attacked Francis.
:16:16. > :16:19.The Pope here has now gone beyond Catholicism here and this is just
:16:20. > :16:23.pure Marxism coming out of the mouth of the Pope.
:16:24. > :16:31.But Francis keeps on highlighting the world's most intractable social
:16:32. > :16:34.problems. His first trip was to Lampedusa, the
:16:35. > :16:39.Italian island where desperate migrants from Africa wash up. Many
:16:40. > :16:44.drown on the way, victims of people trafficking.
:16:45. > :16:48.The Church can't close her eyes or be insensitive to the sufferings of
:16:49. > :16:50.people. That is not the Church which Jesus wants.
:16:51. > :16:55.Pope Francis is reminding us of this. You are not just there to
:16:56. > :17:00.correct people. You are there to help people. That is what you have
:17:01. > :17:03.got to do. The Pope also wants to get to grips
:17:04. > :17:08.with the most difficult international conflicts. One of his
:17:09. > :17:15.first acts was to wash the feet of young offenders. Including,
:17:16. > :17:17.controversially, two Muslim women. Both of us believe that dialogue is
:17:18. > :17:28.the key to avoid conflicts. His Jewish friend is going with
:17:29. > :17:32.Francis to the Middle East next month to try and bring warring
:17:33. > :17:36.faiths together. How does Pope Francis think he can
:17:37. > :17:40.achieve anything in the Middle East? It's so difficult. What is he able
:17:41. > :17:43.to do? Special prayers, special moments of
:17:44. > :17:48.spirituality, this is the diplomacy of the Pope. The idea is to feel
:17:49. > :17:58.some deep sentiment of friendship to both of the sides.
:17:59. > :18:05.Before solving the world's problems, the Pope must tackle the Vatican.
:18:06. > :18:12.This city state within a state is used to running its own affairs. It
:18:13. > :18:15.has its own diplomats, financial institutions, its Swiss Guard. This
:18:16. > :18:19.was once the Renaissance court of the Borgias. The scene of plots and
:18:20. > :18:46.murder. But Francis has refused to play the King.
:18:47. > :18:52.In a clear break with tradition, Francis has chosen to live in Santa
:18:53. > :18:59.Marta, a modest guest house. Not alone in the Papal apartment.
:19:00. > :19:17.TRANSLATION: When the Pope says he lives here for
:19:18. > :19:22.psychiatric reasons, he means for his sanity.
:19:23. > :19:25.He is surrounded by more ordinary people, not isolated in a Papal
:19:26. > :19:29.apartment under the influence of the Vatican's courtiers.
:19:30. > :19:37.How Francis lives is a rebuke to the whole Vatican edifice of status and
:19:38. > :19:42.power. He wants to say to all the Cardinals
:19:43. > :19:46.and Bishops who fight to get all the best flats in the Vatican, listen,
:19:47. > :19:49.times have changed. And this is a big challenge because I think in the
:19:50. > :19:56.Vatican, his choice has been very much disputed,. And is still
:19:57. > :20:00.disputed, although silently. The Pope invited his old friend from
:20:01. > :20:05.Buenos Aires to lunch in the guesthouse.
:20:06. > :20:13.He is surrounded in Santa Marta by very faithful, trustful people.
:20:14. > :20:21.Has he talked to you about the difficulties he faces in Rome?
:20:22. > :20:26.Of course, he is aware on that. Yes, he knows exactly what the problems
:20:27. > :20:28.are. Francis has demoted some of his
:20:29. > :20:31.predecessor's most powerful officials.
:20:32. > :20:41.The new Pope keeps his own diary, makes his own phone calls. And he
:20:42. > :20:46.has an authoritarian streak. He is a man who knows very well what
:20:47. > :20:52.being a Pope means, so he is a man who knows what power is. He is a man
:20:53. > :20:53.with sometimes a short temper. He gets angry if somebody doesn't do
:20:54. > :21:07.what he has decided must be done. Francis quickly decided something
:21:08. > :21:08.must be done to end the financial scandals which have tainted the
:21:09. > :21:18.Curia. This medieval-looking tower is the
:21:19. > :21:24.Institute for Religious Works. The so-called Vatican Bank. For years,
:21:25. > :21:25.it was used as a conduit for dirty money, even involving criminal
:21:26. > :21:37.organisations like the Mafia. Nello Rossi, an Italian Prosecutor
:21:38. > :21:49.who has tried Mafia cases, has investigated the Vatican Bank.
:21:50. > :21:52.TRANSLATION: The Vatican City State is an enclave within the Italian
:21:53. > :21:54.state, therefore any financial institutions operating in it have no
:21:55. > :21:59.boundaries. There are no financial controls.
:22:00. > :22:01.For a long time, extreme secrecy prevailed and a lack of
:22:02. > :22:08.co-operation. The Bank was established to give the
:22:09. > :22:16.Church financial sovereignty, but some accounts were misused.
:22:17. > :22:21.Some people were able to use the Vatican Bank for money-laundering
:22:22. > :22:29.purposes. It was like wading across a river without leaving a trace.
:22:30. > :22:30.They could send money into a secret account there and get it back
:22:31. > :22:41.through another bank. When international financial
:22:42. > :22:46.regulations were tightened up, the Vatican Bank was seen as toxic. In
:22:47. > :22:50.2010, the police began to investigate. Italy's main banks
:22:51. > :22:56.stopped dealing with the Vatican Bank. The last Pope, Benedict, tried
:22:57. > :23:01.to clean it up, but was thwarted by powerful insiders in the Vatican.
:23:02. > :23:06.Were there strong people within the Vatican perhaps who did not want
:23:07. > :23:08.those reforms to succeed? TRANSLATION: I can't say anything
:23:09. > :23:11.about this, but the bureaucratic structure, old habits and old ways
:23:12. > :23:13.of operating surely represented a resistance, as far as I could see
:23:14. > :23:25.from the outside. But after Francis arrived, he
:23:26. > :23:31.increased co-operation with the authorities.
:23:32. > :23:34.After a two-year investigation, a senior Vatican official was
:23:35. > :23:42.arrested. Monsignor Scarano was charged with money laundering and
:23:43. > :23:46.corruption. It is extraordinary that he could go
:23:47. > :23:51.to the Vatican Bank and withdraw 600,000 Euros. As he admitted
:23:52. > :23:57.himself, go out easily and come back to Italy without any checks.
:23:58. > :24:03.Scarano lived in this extravagant 17-room apartment. All paid for,
:24:04. > :24:08.allegedly, when he used false donations to move money from
:24:09. > :24:32.offshore to the Vatican. He denies the charges.
:24:33. > :24:39.Pope Francis has set up a new system directly challenging the old Curia.
:24:40. > :24:42.Now Cardinals from different parts of the world and professional
:24:43. > :24:46.advisors will manage the Church's finances.
:24:47. > :24:49.The former Director-General of the Bank and his Deputy are awaiting
:24:50. > :24:56.trial for violating money laundering laws. The Pope has even acknowledged
:24:57. > :25:00.the Vatican Bank might have to be closed down. But whatever happens
:25:01. > :25:02.from now on, he says the Church's finances must be based on
:25:03. > :25:14.transparency and honesty. We can perceive very well there are
:25:15. > :25:18.tensions. Tensions with the powers that are
:25:19. > :25:23.within the Vatican and have been there historically for a long time?
:25:24. > :25:27.Yes, there are very much tensions with all the powers which covered
:25:28. > :25:31.the dirty manoeuvres of the Bank for years.
:25:32. > :25:38.In Rome, the Pope is taking on powerful forces. But he too has been
:25:39. > :25:47.under pressure for what he did back home many years ago.
:25:48. > :25:53.Argentina is still scarred by the 'Dirty War' of the '70s, when the
:25:54. > :25:59.Pope, then Jorge Bergoglio, was a rising star in the Catholic Church.
:26:00. > :26:02.A right-wing military dictatorship ruled and thousands of young people
:26:03. > :26:12.regarded as left-wing radicals disappeared. Many were tortured and
:26:13. > :26:17.killed. Among them were some priests sympathetic to the class struggle.
:26:18. > :26:28.But many in the Church hierarchy collaborated with the military.
:26:29. > :26:32.It was a very, very terrible time. A dark time, a time of darkness.
:26:33. > :26:38.Jorge Bergoglio was head of the Jesuits. He demanded his priests
:26:39. > :26:44.stop working in a slum. It was risky politically. They refused.
:26:45. > :26:48.A writer on a left-wing paper here accused the Pope of being complicit
:26:49. > :26:54.in the arrest and torture of two priests. One has since died and the
:26:55. > :26:57.other refutes the claims. The Pope himself has strongly denied the
:26:58. > :27:06.accusation, saying he did what he could to save the priests.
:27:07. > :27:12.A friend of the Pope's says she owes her life to him. Alicia Oliviera was
:27:13. > :27:16.a lawyer, forced into hiding during the Dirty War.
:27:17. > :27:25.Jorge Bergoglio used to drive her secretly in his car to see her young
:27:26. > :27:28.son at school. TRANSLATION: He took a great risk because at the time,
:27:29. > :27:32.Jorge was being followed and he was under surveillance.
:27:33. > :27:34.It was also risky for me because they were looking for me. So we were
:27:35. > :27:42.both in great danger. Alicia took me to the Jesuit school
:27:43. > :27:52.where Bergoglio brought her so long ago. All this has been stirred up
:27:53. > :27:55.since he became Pope. I'd say that Bergoglio's critics are
:27:56. > :27:58.very vocal these days, they weren't quite so vocal at that time, because
:27:59. > :28:09.no-one said anything, there were very few of us who dared speak out.
:28:10. > :28:13.Jorge Bergoglio helped many people. Could he have done more?
:28:14. > :28:23.I don't know. He did what he could. He did a lot. Maybe he could have
:28:24. > :28:28.done more, but I'm very grateful for the huge amount he did.
:28:29. > :28:32.He said, of course, that maybe we had to do much more in order to save
:28:33. > :28:35.people, but when you are living in the middle of the drama, you do what
:28:36. > :28:50.you can. Deciphering just what he did in
:28:51. > :28:56.Argentina has become important to understand where the Pope is coming
:28:57. > :29:01.from. Is he on the left or the right? And what does that means for
:29:02. > :29:12.the Church? Those who know the Pope here say he's a more subtle figure,
:29:13. > :29:17.not easily categorised. TRANSLATION: I think we're making a
:29:18. > :29:20.mistake if we place him in a specific political category, because
:29:21. > :29:23.he views reality according to the Gospels. I don't think those
:29:24. > :29:27.parameters exist in his heart. I think he's a profoundly traditional,
:29:28. > :29:30.but not at all conservative man. Frances has neatly sidestepped one
:29:31. > :29:37.issue which has tripped up the Church many times - the gay issue.
:29:38. > :29:40.The hypocrisy, as many see it, of condemning homosexual acts as a sin
:29:41. > :29:47.while rumours of a gay lobby in the Vatican persist.
:29:48. > :29:52.Francis gave a remarkable press conference in a plane soon after
:29:53. > :29:56.becoming Pope. He made it clear when it came to sexuality it was the
:29:57. > :30:10.individual that counted, not Church dogma.
:30:11. > :30:16.It was perhaps surprising, given the position he took publicly as
:30:17. > :30:18.Archbishop Bergoglio four years ago. When the Argentine government
:30:19. > :30:26.legalised gay marriage he and the Church opposed it. A theologian and
:30:27. > :30:30.gay rights activist, Marcello Marquez, wrote to Bergoglio to
:30:31. > :30:40.protest. The Archbishop immediately rang him.
:30:41. > :30:43.TRANSLATION: So he tells me he mostly agrees with my opinion. He
:30:44. > :30:47.said he thinks Argentina is not ready for a same-sex marriage law,
:30:48. > :30:51.but it is ready for people of sexual diversity to have rights. However he
:30:52. > :30:59.was in favour of a civil partnership law, that's what he said to me.
:31:00. > :31:07.So privately Bergoglio was more flexible and more liberal than his
:31:08. > :31:12.public stance suggested. TRANSLATION: I think these gestures
:31:13. > :31:15.and these symbols he's showed throughout this first year, reveal
:31:16. > :31:26.that he is a strategist in evangelical terms and also political
:31:27. > :31:30.terms. Gestures and symbols may not be
:31:31. > :31:36.enough when it comes to tackling the biggest problem of all. The Pope has
:31:37. > :31:39.acknowledged the sexual abuse of children by priests has stained the
:31:40. > :31:59.Church's reputation and cost it millions in compensation.
:32:00. > :32:03.TRANSLATION: But the sex abuse scandal is now about action not
:32:04. > :32:09.words. And evidence from Argentina suggests the Pope's not always
:32:10. > :32:11.tackled this problem head on. Sebastian Cuattromo was one of
:32:12. > :32:16.thousands of children worldwide sexually abused by priests. It
:32:17. > :32:26.happened at the Marianista college in Buenos Aires.
:32:27. > :32:32.TRANSLATION: It was here I suffered sexual abuse. By the priests. You
:32:33. > :32:36.were quite small at the time. 13? Yes, 13. Sebastian was brutally
:32:37. > :32:45.abused for years by Father Picciochi, a teacher at the school.
:32:46. > :32:48.TRANSLATION: I was really scared and kept silent, unfortunately. There
:32:49. > :32:54.was a lot of abuse, violence and misuse of power. The priest was
:32:55. > :32:59.eventually prosecuted and jailed. Sebastian won a legal battle to get
:33:00. > :33:03.the school to accept responsibility. But they insisted he should keep
:33:04. > :33:08.silent about it. Sebastian wasn't happy and took the issue to
:33:09. > :33:13.Bergoglio's office. But he says the Church backed the school on the
:33:14. > :33:19.confidentiality issue. TRANSLATION: My experience with the
:33:20. > :33:24.then Cardinal Bergoglio as head of the Church in this city was very
:33:25. > :33:26.bad, very negative. I had to face a position where they did not
:33:27. > :33:29.acknowledge the seriousness of a crime such as the sexual abuse of
:33:30. > :33:38.minors. They minimized and underestimated the scale of the
:33:39. > :33:41.problem. We contacted the Archdiocese in
:33:42. > :33:52.Buenos Aires but no one was available to speak to us about
:33:53. > :33:56.Sebastian's case. In Rome Francis has set up a
:33:57. > :34:04.commission on sexual abuse in the Church and his advisors insist
:34:05. > :34:07.there's a new tough line. Zero tolerance is really the key
:34:08. > :34:11.word of the policy. Certainly, whoever's made any mistake has got
:34:12. > :34:16.to answer the law of the land, has got to be penalised. But now we also
:34:17. > :34:19.have got to look ahead and make sure it doesn't happen again and also
:34:20. > :34:27.make sure there are policies for child protection.
:34:28. > :34:30.But campaigners say Francis's new Commission is just a talking shop.
:34:31. > :34:45.The Church is still failing to get to grips with this scandal.
:34:46. > :34:48.There has been for a long time a mentality, a culture of the secret
:34:49. > :34:52.which prevented the church to confront this in the right way this
:34:53. > :34:56.huge problem. So that the Church still now is subject to attacks by
:34:57. > :34:59.people who say it is not doing enough.
:35:00. > :35:03.Frances wants to move forward now. He's getting the Church to consult
:35:04. > :35:06.Catholics everywhere on how to bring the teachings on the family into
:35:07. > :35:11.line with modern life. Abortion, birth control and the rights of
:35:12. > :35:17.divorcees to receive the sacraments. These are thorny issues.
:35:18. > :35:24.For Pope Francis the real hard challenges are still to come. The
:35:25. > :35:29.faithful love him, but he has yet to prove he can bring about lasting
:35:30. > :35:39.change in the Catholic church. He is a very stubborn person. And he
:35:40. > :35:46.will continue working and fighting very carefully through very clever
:35:47. > :35:49.ways, intelligent ways. Francis may have sidelined some of
:35:50. > :35:55.the church's most powerful officials. But they're still lurking
:35:56. > :36:01.in the corridors of the Vatican. Yes, there are enemies. They have
:36:02. > :36:04.gone underground because now he's very popular, but I'm sure that if
:36:05. > :36:08.there are problems they will mushroom. They will come to the
:36:09. > :36:16.surface and will point a blaming finger towards Francis.
:36:17. > :36:19.There's a precedent for what could happen if Francis fails in his
:36:20. > :36:26.Revolution. His predecessor resigned, worn out by the cares of
:36:27. > :36:30.Papal office. If he doesn't succeed in bringing
:36:31. > :36:36.about change, will he resign, do you think? What will he do? No, he's a
:36:37. > :36:43.fighter, he's a fighter. He will not resign.
:36:44. > :36:56.The Pope is still regularly in touch with his old friends back home.
:36:57. > :36:59.They're all aware of the history of Papal Rome, the intrigues and
:37:00. > :37:04.machinations, the mysterious end some papacies have come to.
:37:05. > :37:08.TRANSLATION: I believe he has strong enemies in the Vatican, cardinals.
:37:09. > :37:11.There's a lot of power, a lot of money. In fact, I tell him clearly.
:37:12. > :37:21.I say, be careful, the Borgias are still there. But he's aware of the
:37:22. > :37:30.dangers? Yes. Yes. But at the same time he believes that God will help
:37:31. > :37:34.him. Pope Frances has millions of the
:37:35. > :37:37.faithful urging him on. But the Church bureaucracy has hundreds of
:37:38. > :37:40.years of experience in protecting its interests. The battle is far
:37:41. > :37:48.from over.