:00:17. > :00:23.We send out correspondents to bring you the best stories
:00:24. > :00:27.from across the globe and in this week's programme: Changing
:00:28. > :00:33.David Beckham visits Swaziland, the country with the highest rate
:00:34. > :00:38.of HIV infection, and tells them, you need to wear a condom.
:00:39. > :00:44.Educating children, young boys, that could be your sister,
:00:45. > :00:56.At the height of the fighting, we join Iraqi helicopter pilots
:00:57. > :00:59.and troops waging war against the so-called Islamic State.
:01:00. > :01:07.Taking Falluja, it has been 24 hours a day, and each day
:01:08. > :01:17.Fusion of the species, Fergus Walsh investigates how
:01:18. > :01:21.scientists are using animals to grow human organs.
:01:22. > :01:26.This sow is pregnant with embryos which contain human cells.
:01:27. > :01:29.I will be reporting about why scientists think it could be
:01:30. > :01:40.the answer to the world's organ donor shortage.
:01:41. > :01:43.It has been called the epicentre of the global HIV crisis.
:01:44. > :01:46.The kingdom of Swaziland in southern Africa has the highest rate of HIV
:01:47. > :01:51.The situation is being made worse by a drought across the region,
:01:52. > :01:54.putting pressure on resources and affecting many
:01:55. > :01:58.vulnerable children, many born with the disease.
:01:59. > :02:01.The former England football captain David Beckham has set
:02:02. > :02:06.up his own charitable fund, in conjunction with Unicef.
:02:07. > :02:09.We joined him on a trip to Swaziland where he met mothers and children
:02:10. > :02:27.An unreal suspension from the daily grind.
:02:28. > :02:31.superstar and now almost full-time charity worker.
:02:32. > :02:34.The children at this team support group give him a raucous welcome.
:02:35. > :02:37.All are HIV-positive, the virus passed down
:02:38. > :02:41.from the mother to child, all face a lifetime on drugs.
:02:42. > :02:44.Those drugs are freely available, but Swaziland remains known
:02:45. > :02:55.Beckham said the challenge is to get young boys to understand,
:02:56. > :02:57.they must protect the girls they sleep with from this sexually
:02:58. > :03:06.Educating children, young boys, that that could be your sister,
:03:07. > :03:16.The protection that you need to prevent contracting HIV and Aids,
:03:17. > :03:24.For many, the stigma of having HIV remains.
:03:25. > :03:27.We cannot show the face of this girl, she has HIV,
:03:28. > :03:30.as does almost every member of the family.
:03:31. > :03:38.She told me, there are some people she feels hurt by when she told them
:03:39. > :03:40.she was HIV-positive, they started telling everybody,
:03:41. > :03:45.including some teachers, and that was upsetting.
:03:46. > :03:47.For children in Swaziland living with HIV, there is now
:03:48. > :03:54.The crops have failed, it means people are going hungry.
:03:55. > :03:56.If children are going hungry, it means they don't
:03:57. > :03:59.want to take their drugs and if they don't do that,
:04:00. > :04:05.they are more likely to develop full-blown Aids.
:04:06. > :04:08.There is hope for the brand-new generation.
:04:09. > :04:12.HIV-positive women are taking the right medication in pregnancy
:04:13. > :04:13.and transmission rates to their babies have
:04:14. > :04:18.David Beckham is harnessing the power of celebrity to a cause
:04:19. > :04:31.The world's response is less certain.
:04:32. > :04:42.Reeta Chakrabarti, BBC News, Swaziland. The battle for Falluja
:04:43. > :04:45.has been long and hard. There has been fierce resistance. Iraqi forces
:04:46. > :04:52.have been bombing the city from the air as well as fighting on the
:04:53. > :04:55.ground. Our reporter was given exclusive access to Iraqi helicopter
:04:56. > :05:10.pilots as they flew their combat missions over Falluja.
:05:11. > :05:14.The battle for Falluja is under way. This is what the war looks like from
:05:15. > :05:21.above. We are over a village
:05:22. > :05:23.north of Falluja. The pilot have been told
:05:24. > :05:25.more than 20 IS fighters For these pilots, the fight
:05:26. > :05:38.to retain Falluja has been a 24 hour a day,
:05:39. > :05:42.full-time job, and each day Around 50,000 civilians
:05:43. > :05:59.are trapped down there. There are believed to be up to 3000
:06:00. > :06:09.IS fighters in the city. Accused of killing civilians
:06:10. > :06:15.and using them as human shields. For some, like Mohammed,
:06:16. > :06:19.this battle is personal. He is from Falluja and his family
:06:20. > :06:24.was trapped in the city. He was told the IS fighters had
:06:25. > :06:34.taken over his own home. TRANSLATION: They had seen
:06:35. > :06:37.pictures of me in uniform. They said I was an infidel
:06:38. > :06:41.and they would kill me. I dropped a bomb that
:06:42. > :06:44.destroyed my house. The pilots are also helping
:06:45. > :06:54.evacuate the injured. And the hardest fighting
:06:55. > :07:17.is yet to come. Now to a big medical breakthrough
:07:18. > :07:20.that could change the lives of everyone on the planet.
:07:21. > :07:22.American scientists have used a process known as gene
:07:23. > :07:24.editing to try to grow human organs inside pigs.
:07:25. > :07:26.The pioneering technique involves injecting human stem
:07:27. > :07:38.Some experts believe the technique provides the answer to the global
:07:39. > :07:41.Fergus Walsh reports, but it also raises serious ethical issues.
:07:42. > :07:44.You are watching two species being mixed.
:07:45. > :07:49.Human stem cells being injected into a one-day-old pig embryo.
:07:50. > :07:52.You can see them travelling down the tube.
:07:53. > :07:56.This biologist in California is trying to grow a human pancreas
:07:57. > :08:02.Our hope is that this pig embryo will develop normally
:08:03. > :08:09.and the pancreas will be made up almost exclusively of human cells.
:08:10. > :08:13.So then, that pancreas could be compatible with a patient
:08:14. > :08:19.The technique is known as gene editing.
:08:20. > :08:23.It uses molecular scissors to delete the DNA instructions in the pig
:08:24. > :08:29.The human cells will hopefully fill the void and grow human
:08:30. > :08:36.The same technique might enable other organs to be
:08:37. > :08:43.The BBC's Panorama was allowed to film the sows which were pregnant
:08:44. > :08:52.If human stem cells were taken from a patient, the transplant
:08:53. > :08:58.organs could be tissue matched, reducing the risk of rejection.
:08:59. > :09:01.This research raises profound ethical concerns,
:09:02. > :09:04.crucially, just how human are the piglets
:09:05. > :09:10.It is such a sensitive area that the embryos will not be
:09:11. > :09:17.It must be removed for tissue analysis after 28 days gestation,
:09:18. > :09:22.when they are about a centimetre long.
:09:23. > :09:24.Crucially, they will check whether the pig's developing brain
:09:25. > :09:30.Another pioneer in this field told me this question
:09:31. > :09:38.Whatever organ we try to make, we will look at what is happening
:09:39. > :09:43.in the brain, and if we find that it is too humanlike, we
:09:44. > :09:48.Organisations campaigning to for an end to factory
:09:49. > :09:53.farming are dismayed by the thought of organ farms.
:09:54. > :09:56.I am nervous about opening up a new source of animal suffering.
:09:57. > :09:59.Let's first get more people to donate organs.
:10:00. > :10:02.If there is still a shortage, we can consider using pigs,
:10:03. > :10:06.but on the basis that we eat less meat, so there is no increase
:10:07. > :10:13.in the number of pigs being used for human purposes.
:10:14. > :10:16.7000 people in the UK are on the transplant waiting list
:10:17. > :10:20.and hundreds die each year before a donor can be found,
:10:21. > :10:26.but patient trials involving gene editing pig organs
:10:27. > :11:05.That's all for reporters from this week. Goodbye for now.
:11:06. > :11:11.Hello there, all sorts going on this weekend. Pleasantly warm for some in
:11:12. > :11:14.the sunshine but for others and absolute deluge. We've had flash
:11:15. > :11:17.flooding on Saturday and potentially there again on Sunday for some
:11:18. > :11:18.places to see