0:00:01 > 0:00:05Hello.
0:00:05 > 0:00:05Now
0:00:05 > 0:00:10Now Reporters.
0:00:17 > 0:00:18Hello.
0:00:18 > 0:00:20Welcome to Reporters.
0:00:20 > 0:00:23In this special edition of the programme, we're looking back
0:00:23 > 0:00:26at some of the best reports from this year from our network
0:00:26 > 0:00:28of correspondents around the world.
0:00:28 > 0:00:38Coming up: I'm a heroin addict.
0:00:39 > 0:00:40I've overdosed four times.
0:00:40 > 0:00:46We report on the epidemic of heroin and pain killers creating
0:00:46 > 0:00:49a generation of users and killing tens of thousands of people.
0:00:49 > 0:00:50The drug
0:00:50 > 0:00:52they call the devil has hit hardest in small town America,
0:00:52 > 0:00:54already ravaged by years of economic decline.
0:00:54 > 0:00:57We're hearing outgoing fire.
0:00:57 > 0:01:00The troops are trying to gauge how much resistance
0:01:00 > 0:01:04is in these villages.
0:01:04 > 0:01:07We join the Kurdish forces on the frontline, as Mosul awaits
0:01:07 > 0:01:13from deliverance from so-called Islamic State.
0:01:13 > 0:01:22Also before and after - the pioneering surgery
0:01:22 > 0:01:28without scalpels.
0:01:28 > 0:01:28I'm
0:01:28 > 0:01:28I'm in
0:01:28 > 0:01:33I'm in Antarctica.
0:01:33 > 0:01:36And a year in the life of the penguin caught on camera.
0:01:36 > 0:01:39Victoria Gill joins scientists as they track how the birds
0:01:39 > 0:01:42are adapting to climate change.
0:01:42 > 0:01:44America is in the grip of a heroin and prescription
0:01:44 > 0:01:50pain killer epidemic.
0:01:50 > 0:01:53More Americans, as many as 50,000 a year, are dying from drug
0:01:53 > 0:01:55overdoses than from car crashes or being shot.
0:01:55 > 0:01:58Increasingly, the victims are young, white and middle-class people.
0:01:58 > 0:02:01They've become hooked on the deadly drugs.
0:02:01 > 0:02:06Over the past year, Ian Pannell and his cameraman have
0:02:06 > 0:02:09followed a number of addicts as they try to kick the habit.
0:02:09 > 0:02:14You may find some of the scenes in their report difficult to watch.
0:02:14 > 0:02:17A darkness has descended across America.
0:02:17 > 0:02:2440-ish-year-old female possibly not breathing OD.
0:02:24 > 0:02:30A plague of drug addiction and death greater than there's ever been.
0:02:30 > 0:02:32Opioid pain killers and heroin are killing more
0:02:32 > 0:02:36Americans than ever before.
0:02:36 > 0:02:37Oh, my God.
0:02:37 > 0:02:38What's wrong with her?
0:02:38 > 0:02:43Get out of the way.
0:02:43 > 0:02:46We were just here for a female in her 40s who wasn't breathing.
0:02:46 > 0:02:47It was apparent drug overdose.
0:02:47 > 0:02:49How common is this?
0:02:49 > 0:02:50Every day.
0:02:50 > 0:02:52Every day?
0:02:52 > 0:02:55Sometimes more than once a day.
0:02:55 > 0:03:00We have a dry spell where we'll go a day or two, but mostly every day.
0:03:00 > 0:03:01Started when I was 17 years old.
0:03:01 > 0:03:04I was at a party, high school.
0:03:04 > 0:03:06I started doing the pills.
0:03:06 > 0:03:09When I was 13 I started using pain pills.
0:03:09 > 0:03:13Five, six people I known died last year.
0:03:13 > 0:03:21All my values and morals, they went out the window.
0:03:21 > 0:03:25It will take everything you have, all the money you have,
0:03:25 > 0:03:27everything you've worked for, everyone you love.
0:03:27 > 0:03:29There was nothing, almost nothing that I wouldn't do for it.
0:03:29 > 0:03:30I'm a heroin addict.
0:03:30 > 0:03:32My brother is also an addict.
0:03:32 > 0:03:34I know I will die if I go back home.
0:03:34 > 0:03:36I've overdosed four times.
0:03:36 > 0:03:40My own sister had to save me.
0:03:40 > 0:03:43I know that a lot of words are overused in our lexicon,
0:03:43 > 0:03:44historic and unprecedented and unique.
0:03:44 > 0:03:49We fall back on those words all the time in.
0:03:49 > 0:03:50In this case, this is an epidemic.
0:03:50 > 0:03:52That's precisely the right word.
0:03:52 > 0:03:59This crisis has spread across America, created
0:03:59 > 0:04:01by massive overprescription of morphine-like pain killers.
0:04:01 > 0:04:04It gave birth to a nation of addicts.
0:04:04 > 0:04:11A heroin epidemic is sweeping across America.
0:04:11 > 0:04:14It respects no man or woman whatever their creed, colour or class.
0:04:14 > 0:04:15Friends, families, whole communities have been left
0:04:15 > 0:04:17to bury the dead and deal with the devastation
0:04:17 > 0:04:18addiction brings.
0:04:18 > 0:04:22But the drug they call the devil has hit hardest in small town America.
0:04:22 > 0:04:25Taking hold in areas like this, that have already been
0:04:25 > 0:04:26ravaged by years
0:04:26 > 0:04:27of economic decline.
0:04:27 > 0:04:33For so many people, the future looks bleak.
0:04:37 > 0:04:39Increasingly addicts are young, white kids
0:04:39 > 0:04:42from the suburbs and rural areas.
0:04:42 > 0:04:44They've moved from pills to heroin, because it's
0:04:44 > 0:04:47cheaper and easier to get.
0:04:47 > 0:04:50But it's far more deadly and it's no exaggeration to say this
0:04:50 > 0:04:55generation's under threat.
0:04:55 > 0:05:00# I hurt myself today
0:05:00 > 0:05:04# To see if I still feel #
0:05:04 > 0:05:07Dr Huckerbee is the medical director here.
0:05:07 > 0:05:11He's an expert on pain medication and what it does.
0:05:11 > 0:05:14He's also a recovering addict, who became hooked after getting pain
0:05:14 > 0:05:18pills for a broken foot.
0:05:18 > 0:05:22# The needle tears a hole
0:05:22 > 0:05:27# The old familiar sting #
0:05:27 > 0:05:29I was given the oxycodone.
0:05:29 > 0:05:31It was like pulling the trigger.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34I could not turn it loose.
0:05:34 > 0:05:38It tickled my brain in such profound ways that it totally blind sided me
0:05:38 > 0:05:43to the point that I eventually was injecting myself in
0:05:43 > 0:05:45the operating room and was fortunate to have partners intervened.
0:05:45 > 0:05:47You were injecting yourself?
0:05:47 > 0:05:50Yes.
0:05:50 > 0:05:51Powerless.
0:05:51 > 0:05:57Powerless over it.
0:05:57 > 0:06:06I promised myself all the time, "We're not going to do this again."
0:06:06 > 0:06:11"We're not going to do this again today."
0:06:11 > 0:06:15And by the end of the day, you know, just couldn't control it.
0:06:15 > 0:06:19It's a real hopeless feeling.
0:06:19 > 0:06:23I remember feeling it one time that, you know, this is my fate in life.
0:06:23 > 0:06:29I'm just going to die from this.
0:06:29 > 0:06:35I'm addicted to heroin.
0:06:35 > 0:06:40I've about died six times.
0:06:40 > 0:06:45All I can think about is when am I going to get some more.
0:06:45 > 0:06:49To feel better, but I'm never feeling better.
0:06:49 > 0:06:53I'm tired of this.
0:06:53 > 0:06:55I remember the first time I OD'ed.
0:06:55 > 0:07:00My boyfriend was filming me.
0:07:00 > 0:07:01He brought me back.
0:07:01 > 0:07:05Right after that he went and did a shot.
0:07:05 > 0:07:07It was kind of like, wow, I just almost died.
0:07:07 > 0:07:14It is absolutely everywhere, in every town around here at least.
0:07:14 > 0:07:18There's somebody that sells drugs.
0:07:18 > 0:07:19It's predominantly heroin, because that's the big
0:07:19 > 0:07:23thing around here.
0:07:23 > 0:07:26In the streets and strip malls of western Pennsylvania
0:07:26 > 0:07:29heroin's taken root.
0:07:29 > 0:07:32The journey through addiction is a long, dark one for so many.
0:07:32 > 0:07:36Steve has been trying to get clean for years.
0:07:36 > 0:07:42But shaking it without serious, long-term help is rare.
0:07:42 > 0:07:46I can get it, but it's right in the middle of the hood.
0:07:46 > 0:07:50I don't like going over there period, let alone at midnight.
0:07:50 > 0:07:52Steve's trapped in an endless hunt for a high that
0:07:52 > 0:07:55will never be enough.
0:07:55 > 0:08:02For something his body craves, that he knows he shouldn't do.
0:08:02 > 0:08:05Because there's no way to know what's in each packet
0:08:05 > 0:08:12and whether or not it will kill you.
0:08:15 > 0:08:21This stuff's gotten hold of me.
0:08:22 > 0:08:27I just...
0:08:27 > 0:08:34I'm obsessed with it.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37It runs my life.
0:08:37 > 0:08:40Heroin's addictive like no other drug.
0:08:40 > 0:08:43For many there are only two ways out.
0:08:43 > 0:08:46Rehab or death.
0:08:46 > 0:08:51Today the victim is just as likely to be your friend,
0:08:51 > 0:08:54your neighbour or even your child.
0:08:54 > 0:08:55Miss you so much.
0:08:55 > 0:08:58I miss you so much.
0:08:58 > 0:09:02I held him first on February 11th, 1994.
0:09:02 > 0:09:07Then I held him last on August 22, 2015.
0:09:07 > 0:09:11I never want a parent to ever have to do that.
0:09:11 > 0:09:14It's the hard est thing that you'll ever do.
0:09:14 > 0:09:18There's nothing else you can do that will hurt like this.
0:09:18 > 0:09:23Oh, that should never be.
0:09:23 > 0:09:27This epidemic is only getting worse.
0:09:27 > 0:09:33There'll be more families devastated and more lives lost.
0:09:37 > 0:09:39One country which really got tough on drugs this year
0:09:39 > 0:09:42was the Philippines.
0:09:42 > 0:09:46Its hard line new president campaigned for his election
0:09:46 > 0:09:48by promising to kill 100,000 drug dealers and criminals in his first
0:09:49 > 0:09:52six months in office.
0:09:52 > 0:09:57His controversial, tough tactics, which critics say turning a blind
0:09:57 > 0:09:59eye to extra judicial killings, led to an unprecedented
0:09:59 > 0:10:01rise in the murder rate.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04Around 2,000 people were killed in just the first two
0:10:04 > 0:10:06months of the crackdown.
0:10:06 > 0:10:08Jonathan Head reports on the Philippines'
0:10:08 > 0:10:15deadly war on drugs.
0:10:15 > 0:10:19The war on drugs is reaching all corners of the Philippines.
0:10:19 > 0:10:22Even here, in the jails.
0:10:22 > 0:10:26Many of these men are already serving long sentences for drug use.
0:10:26 > 0:10:32In cells, so packed with bodies, it's hard to breathe.
0:10:32 > 0:10:35It says something about the extent of the drug problem here
0:10:35 > 0:10:38in the Philippines that the police have had to come here
0:10:38 > 0:10:42and raid one of the biggest prisons around Manila.
0:10:42 > 0:10:48There are clearly concerns about real drug problems here.
0:10:48 > 0:10:51The focus, as with so much of this campaign, are the people at the very
0:10:51 > 0:10:54bottom of the trade, not the people running it.
0:10:54 > 0:10:58At least here they can stay alive.
0:10:58 > 0:11:00But not here.
0:11:00 > 0:11:03The bodies of dealers and addicts are discovered every night
0:11:03 > 0:11:05in the slums of Manila, killed either by the police
0:11:05 > 0:11:11or by shadowy hit squads.
0:11:11 > 0:11:21It started when this man, an outspoken crime fighting mayor
0:11:21 > 0:11:22was elected president in May.
0:11:22 > 0:11:25When he said he would kill drug dealers, he meant it.
0:11:25 > 0:11:29That's the lives of ten criminals really matter to me?
0:11:29 > 0:11:34If I am the one facing the grief, would 100 lives of this idiot
0:11:34 > 0:11:41would mean anything to me?
0:11:42 > 0:11:46The president is still wildly popular for this kind of talk.
0:11:46 > 0:11:48Drug addiction has blighted neighbourhoods, already
0:11:48 > 0:11:54burdened by poverty.
0:11:54 > 0:11:58But his campaign has forced Roger, not his real name, into hiding.
0:11:58 > 0:12:01He's been a minor drug dealer for years.
0:12:01 > 0:12:04Now he's on the run.
0:12:04 > 0:12:08TRANSLATION: I've done some awful things I know.
0:12:08 > 0:12:11I've wronged a lot of people because they've become addicted
0:12:11 > 0:12:13to drugs because I'm one of the many who sells them drugs.
0:12:13 > 0:12:17Not everyone who uses drugs commits crimes.
0:12:17 > 0:12:18Me, I'm an addict.
0:12:18 > 0:12:21But I don't kill.
0:12:21 > 0:12:25This chilling security camera video shows why those targeted
0:12:25 > 0:12:31by the antidrug campaign have so much to fear.
0:12:31 > 0:12:35A motorbike slows down for a moment.
0:12:35 > 0:12:38The passenger firing at point blank range.
0:12:38 > 0:12:44It might easily have been Maria, a young mother and a hired assassin.
0:12:44 > 0:12:46She says she's killed five people since the president
0:12:46 > 0:12:49won the election.
0:12:49 > 0:12:55Like Roger, she says it was poverty that drove her into the job.
0:12:55 > 0:12:57TRANSLATION: I tell my husband that we can't
0:12:57 > 0:12:58keep doing this forever.
0:12:58 > 0:13:00We have children.
0:13:00 > 0:13:03I would not want our children to know what we do.
0:13:03 > 0:13:07I do not want them to come back at us and say that they got to live
0:13:07 > 0:13:09because we killed for money.
0:13:09 > 0:13:12Nearly 700,000 terrified drug addicts have already surrendered
0:13:12 > 0:13:17to the Philippines police to save their lives.
0:13:17 > 0:13:20They must somehow now be accommodated in these
0:13:20 > 0:13:25teeming, overcrowded cells.
0:13:27 > 0:13:31The Iraqi city of Mosul waited for deliverance as Iraqi and Kurdish
0:13:31 > 0:13:34forces battled for two months to liberate the last
0:13:34 > 0:13:38strong hold of so-called Islamic State in the country.
0:13:38 > 0:13:40As the troops continued their drive towards the city, the militants
0:13:40 > 0:13:45fought back using suicide bombers.
0:13:45 > 0:13:49At the start of the siege, Orla Guerin and her cameraman
0:13:49 > 0:13:51were among the first journalists to get into the village
0:13:51 > 0:13:58on the outskirts of Mosul as it was being liberated from IS.
0:13:58 > 0:14:01A harbinger of terror.
0:14:01 > 0:14:06We entered hostile territory, taking the battle to IS,
0:14:06 > 0:14:08with Kurdish Peshmerga fighters.
0:14:08 > 0:14:13This was their second attempt to free this village.
0:14:13 > 0:14:18Last week they faced heavy resistance.
0:14:18 > 0:14:20Along the way, tension building, as we start to come under
0:14:21 > 0:14:26fire and to respond.
0:14:26 > 0:14:30We're moving forward now very slowly and carefully.
0:14:30 > 0:14:35We're hearing quite a bit of outgoing fire.
0:14:35 > 0:14:39The troops are trying to gauge how much resistance
0:14:39 > 0:14:40is in these villages.
0:14:40 > 0:14:46This was the answer.
0:14:46 > 0:14:47A massive roadside bomb just ahead.
0:14:47 > 0:14:54It was one of four on our route.
0:14:56 > 0:15:01Then the Peshmerga moved to confront a suspected suicide bomber.
0:15:01 > 0:15:08They have to check him for explosives with their bare hands.
0:15:08 > 0:15:14This time they were lucky, just a civilian.
0:15:14 > 0:15:19We arrive in what looks like a deserted village.
0:15:19 > 0:15:24Locals start to emerge, tentatively to offer
0:15:24 > 0:15:29thanks, but soon, this...
0:15:29 > 0:15:31GUNFIRE
0:15:31 > 0:15:35Warning shots from weary troops.
0:15:35 > 0:15:39-- wary.
0:15:39 > 0:15:43At last, freedom and relief.
0:15:43 > 0:15:45There's nothing to worry about, he says.
0:15:45 > 0:15:50It's all over.
0:15:50 > 0:15:53But there's a legacy of torment.
0:15:53 > 0:15:59"They destroyed us," says Mohammed.
0:15:59 > 0:16:04"They completely destroyed us."
0:16:04 > 0:16:08There was a sense of a community coming back to life,
0:16:08 > 0:16:14of old friends reuniting, freed from the tyranny of IS.
0:16:16 > 0:16:21A moment of victory for the Peshmerga.
0:16:21 > 0:16:25And for some here, of rebirth.
0:16:25 > 0:16:35"I can't find words to express how happy I am," He said.
0:16:36 > 0:16:38"It feels like I have been born again."
0:16:38 > 0:16:41Nearby locals attacked an IS sign that had loomed over them,
0:16:41 > 0:16:44instructing women to cover themselves from head to toe.
0:16:44 > 0:16:51Amar was happy to be wearing her best and not wearing a hijab.
0:16:51 > 0:16:53As this woman thanks the Peshmerga, IS make their presence
0:16:53 > 0:16:59felt, not far away.
0:16:59 > 0:17:07GUNFIRE Helping to secure the village, a volunteer
0:17:07 > 0:17:11sniper from Scotland.
0:17:11 > 0:17:14He's fought with the Peshmerga since 2014 and has been
0:17:14 > 0:17:18part of the recent push against IS or Daesh.
0:17:18 > 0:17:21It's kind of funny because places that are weak, places
0:17:21 > 0:17:23they'll stand and fight.
0:17:23 > 0:17:26They're very up and down.
0:17:26 > 0:17:29You're talking a lot of these people cheering now would probably Daesh.
0:17:29 > 0:17:31They've just gone back into their community.
0:17:31 > 0:17:36So they haven't gone away.
0:17:36 > 0:17:38Even as they celebrate, the troops know their enemy
0:17:38 > 0:17:40could soon re-emerge.
0:17:40 > 0:17:44The Peshmerga are moving through the village.
0:17:44 > 0:17:47They're securing the area street by street and more and more
0:17:47 > 0:17:48civilians are appearing.
0:17:48 > 0:17:52They can speak freely for the first time in over two years, but there
0:17:52 > 0:17:54is still some tension here.
0:17:54 > 0:17:57The fighters are concerned that among those coming
0:17:57 > 0:18:02out onto the streets there could be suicide bombers.
0:18:02 > 0:18:07But there were no threats concealed among the villagers.
0:18:07 > 0:18:12They were savouring the chance to reclaim old pleasures,
0:18:12 > 0:18:14banned by the jihadis.
0:18:14 > 0:18:18The black flag of IS has been pulled down from the mosque.
0:18:18 > 0:18:25The Peshmerga vowing never again will it be allowed to fly here.
0:18:28 > 0:18:32Here's a thought, imagine surgery but without knives
0:18:32 > 0:18:34or scalpels, just sound waves.
0:18:34 > 0:18:38That's what doctors at a hospital in London have used to operate deep
0:18:38 > 0:18:40inside the human brain.
0:18:40 > 0:18:42The pioneering treatment was performed on a patient
0:18:42 > 0:18:48who suffered from uncontrollable trembling in his right hand.
0:18:48 > 0:18:56It could also be used to control the tremors caused by conditions
0:18:56 > 0:18:57such as Parkinson's disease.
0:18:57 > 0:18:59Over the past something years it's got worse and worse.
0:18:59 > 0:19:01Selwyn is a painter and decorator.
0:19:01 > 0:19:07His job is made increasingly difficult by this, an uncontrollable
0:19:07 > 0:19:10tremor in his right hand.
0:19:10 > 0:19:15The shaking is caused by a mistiming of the electrical signals,
0:19:15 > 0:19:19the commands sent from the brain to the muscles in the hand.
0:19:19 > 0:19:24One million people in the UK suffer from tremors.
0:19:24 > 0:19:29The last 15 years it's gradually got worse to the extent I can't use it.
0:19:29 > 0:19:32I've got to use my left hand.
0:19:32 > 0:19:37Early morning at St Mary's Hospital in London.
0:19:37 > 0:19:42And Selwyn is being prepared for deep brain surgery.
0:19:42 > 0:19:47But this razor is the only blade that will be used today.
0:19:47 > 0:19:51This frame will ensure his head is kept completely
0:19:51 > 0:19:52still during surgery.
0:19:52 > 0:19:55Once it is placed inside this machine, the first of its kind
0:19:55 > 0:20:03in the UK, which operates using sound waves.
0:20:03 > 0:20:05It works like this: The device has more
0:20:05 > 0:20:08than a thousand ultrasound beams.
0:20:08 > 0:20:10When focussed on a single point, they generate enough
0:20:10 > 0:20:14heat to destroy tissue.
0:20:14 > 0:20:17The target is a tiny point at the base of the brain,
0:20:17 > 0:20:23which is causing the faulty signals, which trigger the tremors.
0:20:23 > 0:20:26697 watt, 13 seconds.
0:20:26 > 0:20:29This is precision medicine.
0:20:29 > 0:20:33The team constantly monitor MRI scans and gradually increase
0:20:33 > 0:20:36the energy of the sound beams.
0:20:36 > 0:20:42Selwyn's wife is there to re-assure him.
0:20:42 > 0:20:46I've witnessed quite a lot of brain surgery and it is brutal and bloody,
0:20:46 > 0:20:50drilling through the skull and cutting through tissue.
0:20:50 > 0:20:53The contrast here is astonishing.
0:20:53 > 0:20:55There are no scalpels, it's all done with sound waves
0:20:55 > 0:21:02and the patient is awake throughout.
0:21:02 > 0:21:04And the result - remarkable.
0:21:04 > 0:21:07The tremors have gone.
0:21:07 > 0:21:10His right hand is steady and this is a permanent fix.
0:21:10 > 0:21:16Doctors believe ultrasound surgery could treat other conditions.
0:21:16 > 0:21:20It could help involuntary movements in Parkinson's and help tremor
0:21:20 > 0:21:22in multiple sclerosis as well as other neurological
0:21:22 > 0:21:24conditions emanating from the brain.
0:21:24 > 0:21:26It has a big future?
0:21:26 > 0:21:30An enormous future.
0:21:30 > 0:21:34This was Selwyn before treatment.
0:21:34 > 0:21:38And after.
0:21:38 > 0:21:43It avoids the risks associated with conventional brain surgery.
0:21:43 > 0:21:44And recovery is immediate.
0:21:44 > 0:21:46You've got a big smile on your face.
0:21:46 > 0:21:48Yeah.
0:21:48 > 0:21:52It's nice isn't it.
0:21:52 > 0:21:55Brilliant to pick something up with that hand and know it's not
0:21:55 > 0:21:56going to spill everywhere.
0:21:56 > 0:22:01Selwyn's treatment is part of an international trial.
0:22:01 > 0:22:04Once that's completed next year, there's likely to be huge demand
0:22:04 > 0:22:09for this pioneering surgery.
0:22:10 > 0:22:14A really fascinating insight into the life of the penguin now.
0:22:14 > 0:22:16Scientists in Antarctica have been working on a ground breaking project
0:22:16 > 0:22:20to capture the activity of a colony of penguins on camera.
0:22:20 > 0:22:23They spent much of the year watching them using remote cameras to see how
0:22:23 > 0:22:27they're adapting to climate change and of course the threats
0:22:27 > 0:22:29they now face.
0:22:29 > 0:22:34Victoria Gill was given exclusive access to their research.
0:22:34 > 0:22:42Her report contains flashing images.
0:22:47 > 0:22:50I'm in Antarctica following a team of scientists setting up remote
0:22:50 > 0:22:55cameras in penguin colonies here.
0:22:55 > 0:23:00I'm Tom, a scientist at Oxford University.
0:23:00 > 0:23:02We've probably got 40 and they are spread out the length
0:23:03 > 0:23:06and breadth of the peninsula.
0:23:06 > 0:23:12The bottom one, that takes photos all year round, every hour.
0:23:12 > 0:23:18The whole reason we're here is to monitor penguins on a vast level.
0:23:18 > 0:23:22If we have a constant presence in all these colonies, we can look
0:23:22 > 0:23:25at how many chicks survive.
0:23:25 > 0:23:28It's like CCTV.
0:23:28 > 0:23:30Seeing was going on in winter is something
0:23:30 > 0:23:35you would never get to see.
0:23:35 > 0:23:38The partnership with tourism, this access is really
0:23:38 > 0:23:39important, isn't it?
0:23:39 > 0:23:41It's vital.
0:23:41 > 0:23:43We would never have the access without them.
0:23:43 > 0:23:45Partly we're doing this because there's a potential threat
0:23:45 > 0:23:51and we want to measure it.
0:23:51 > 0:23:56Where we've looked, there seems to be very little impact of tourism.
0:23:56 > 0:23:59We have quite a close partnership and they drop us off
0:23:59 > 0:24:01where we want to go.
0:24:01 > 0:24:04In return, we educate their tourists about conservation and hopefully
0:24:04 > 0:24:08inspire them to conserve penguins.
0:24:08 > 0:24:10This is the gangway.
0:24:10 > 0:24:16Before we go ashore, we have to wash our boots.
0:24:16 > 0:24:18It's a pristine place.
0:24:18 > 0:24:20We don't want to take anything onto the Antarctic mainland
0:24:20 > 0:24:24which shouldn't be there.
0:24:25 > 0:24:28This is The Zodiac, it's a rubber boat.
0:24:28 > 0:24:29We use this to get around.
0:24:29 > 0:24:33They're fantastic boats, very fast, very stable.
0:24:33 > 0:24:35They bounce when you hit them up against a rock.
0:24:35 > 0:24:42They're wonderful for down here.
0:24:42 > 0:24:46I work as expedition leader.
0:24:46 > 0:24:49It's incredible to see how ubiquitously everyone
0:24:49 > 0:24:51is affected by Antarctica.
0:24:51 > 0:24:56One of the things that we love about working with the production
0:24:56 > 0:24:59of scientific knowledge is that we give people
0:24:59 > 0:25:03the kind of emotional attachment to the place.
0:25:03 > 0:25:06They provide ground work and relevance for people to put
0:25:06 > 0:25:10that energy, you know.
0:25:10 > 0:25:16Then of course, it also brings home a lot of bigger picture questions
0:25:16 > 0:25:20about human beings' presence on the planet.
0:25:21 > 0:25:26So this is the last camera of this expedition now?
0:25:26 > 0:25:30That's it for this year, for this camera any way.
0:25:30 > 0:25:33Now it's just turn it on and fingers crossed.
0:25:33 > 0:25:34Back next year.
0:25:34 > 0:25:37Yeah.
0:25:39 > 0:25:42And that's it from this special edition of Reporters looking back
0:25:42 > 0:25:45at some of the very best reports from this year.
0:25:45 > 0:26:06From me, bye for now.
0:26:06 > 0:26:07This is BBC News.
0:26:07 > 0:26:08I'm Martine Croxall.
0:26:08 > 0:26:11Viewers on BBC One will join us shortly for a full
0:26:11 > 0:26:12round up of the day's news.
0:26:12 > 0:26:15First, a look at the weather for the week ahead
0:26:15 > 0:26:16with Sarah Keith-Lucas.
0:26:18 > 0:26:19Hello, there.
0:26:19 > 0:26:222016's ended on a fairly mild and cloudy sort of note.