:00:03. > :00:13.informed. That is the latest news. Now, it is
:00:13. > :00:24.
:00:24. > :00:28.We find people in Afghanistan and poorer and hungrier and still in
:00:28. > :00:32.the dark, despite billions of dollars in international aid.
:00:32. > :00:37.The mystery of thousands of unmarked graves in it Indian
:00:37. > :00:44.administered Kashmir. The girlie Show to of the truth.
:00:44. > :00:54.Been compulsory hand writing classes in Shanghai. How computers
:00:54. > :00:55.
:00:55. > :00:59.might be killing the ancient Welcome to Reporters. We start with
:00:59. > :01:03.Afghanistan and the country is in
:01:03. > :01:07.it is appealing for food aid for nearly 10 million people.
:01:07. > :01:11.Afghanistan is already the largest recipient of aid in the world, yet
:01:11. > :01:17.it has little to show for the enormous sums it has received. Ten
:01:17. > :01:22.years after the US led invasion, our correspondent ask where's --
:01:22. > :01:30.asks where has all the money gone? Are this is a wheat field, but with
:01:30. > :01:34.no rain, nothing grew. Demand Baron, the people facing starvation. Now,
:01:34. > :01:38.only children and older people remain as a working-age men from
:01:38. > :01:42.the village of Shorabak have gone to find work. They came back here
:01:42. > :01:50.after the Taliban fell, to rebuild their lives. Now, they wonder if it
:01:50. > :01:58.is time to move on again. It is a while she was travelling to
:01:58. > :02:02.hospital to spital to child. He says he does not remember a job
:02:02. > :02:06.like this. Nothing has grown and the had to selling sheep. More
:02:06. > :02:13.Afghans are poor and more hungry than they were ten years ago. So,
:02:13. > :02:17.what has gonat has gonn the capital, what should be the Kabul River is
:02:17. > :02:23.just a stagnant puddle. The water may not be flowing here, but eight
:02:23. > :02:29.certainly is. This is the largest recipient of aid in the world.
:02:29. > :02:35.International spending here is totalled around $350 billion in ten
:02:35. > :02:40.years. Most of that is the cost of fighting the war and other security.
:02:40. > :02:47.$33 billion also came in aid. That is in every age of around $60
:02:47. > :02:51.million every week. Eight accounts of nearly 90% of again GDP. So,
:02:51. > :02:56.whereas all the money gone? Much went straight back to countries
:02:56. > :02:59.like the US, leaving nothing behind. I do not think the money is really
:02:59. > :03:09.going to the Afghan people. I think it is going towards the pockets of
:03:09. > :03:11.
:03:11. > :03:15.the contractors. Afghanistan is trying to pay for itself. These
:03:15. > :03:19.people are registering to pay tax, the result of a British funded
:03:19. > :03:24.programme to encourage tax collection. But as Afghan ministers
:03:24. > :03:31.struggle to build confidence in a government, they say international
:03:31. > :03:38.support has never been consistent. Throughout the last ten years,
:03:38. > :03:43.companies, NGOs and also military spending has been done without
:03:44. > :03:50.consultation with the government. You cannot hold the government
:03:50. > :03:54.responsible for that. And despite all the aid spending, there is not
:03:54. > :03:59.even electricity in most of the capital city. A geology teacher did
:03:59. > :04:09.not expect still to be marking books by light -- lamplight, ten
:04:09. > :04:11.
:04:11. > :04:15.The Government in Indian are administered kashmir has ordered
:04:15. > :04:19.any investigation to determine the identity of nearly 6,000 bodies,
:04:19. > :04:23.buried in unmarked graves. Human rights activists believe many of
:04:23. > :04:27.the bodies me bodies me of civilians killed by Indian security
:04:27. > :04:31.forces over the past 20 years, during the armed uprising against
:04:31. > :04:39.Indian rule. De correspondent reports from the street, which is
:04:39. > :04:43.claimed by both India and Pakistan. Buried in thried in th, Kashmir's
:04:43. > :04:50.dirty secret. The forgotten remains of those killed in a brutal
:04:50. > :04:56.conflict. This man, the only one who can identify the greats, but he
:04:56. > :05:00.says that the police made in beat them. 225 here alone. Just one of
:05:00. > :05:04.several unmarked graves in Kashmir. This little piece of wood is the
:05:05. > :05:10.about the only thing that tells you is a grave. No other markings all
:05:10. > :05:14.gravestones. In some cases, even that is missing. I am told that
:05:14. > :05:21.underneath the civics -- underneath these crazes, like the bodies of
:05:21. > :05:24.men aged from 25 and upwards. At his home nearby, and Ata Mohammad
:05:24. > :05:33.recalls how the bodies were brought by police, often in the dead of
:05:33. > :05:36.night. He has that testified before a state commission. TRANSLATION:
:05:36. > :05:40.Many of the bodies were covered in blood. They had bullet-holes. Some
:05:40. > :05:43.had broken legs. It is hard to describe, they are not normal
:05:44. > :05:49.deaths. At the height of the conflicts, thousands of men
:05:49. > :05:55.disappeared. Many now fear they may have ended up in the graves. This
:05:55. > :06:01.man, missing since 2003 - picked up by the police. His men, allegedly
:06:01. > :06:06.taken away by the Army in 1996. This woman still remembers the day
:06:07. > :06:10.her husband was taken from his home, 11 years ago. He still has not
:06:10. > :06:15.returned. They believe he was detained by the security forces.
:06:15. > :06:19.Like hundreds of others, she receives legal help from human
:06:19. > :06:24.rights activists, like demanding answers from the Government.
:06:24. > :06:28.TRANSLATION: Our children were picked up by the security forces.
:06:28. > :06:32.Ask them where they are. Ask them what happened to them. In a state
:06:32. > :06:39.hit by two decades of violence, the security forces are a constant
:06:39. > :06:43.presence. They brought in to combat a powerful militant movement. The
:06:43. > :06:48.government says they are targeting them. They are militants from
:06:48. > :06:51.various parts of the world who were killed in encounters. Their
:06:51. > :06:56.identities could not be established. Their bodies were handed over to
:06:56. > :07:01.the local community and what buried. Militant or civilian, the graves
:07:01. > :07:05.have ignited a fresh debate over India's pun back in Kashmir. Caught
:07:05. > :07:10.between the ambitions of India and Pakistan, the people of this deli
:07:10. > :07:19.have paid a bitter price in a war of attrition that has claimed
:07:19. > :07:23.60,000 bytes. -- lives. In Libya, the towns that rose up
:07:23. > :07:28.against Colonel Gaddafi are now arguing about who should get what
:07:28. > :07:31.posts in a new interim government. Throughout the war, our
:07:31. > :07:36.correspondent carried out assignments on the front line in
:07:36. > :07:42.Libya. He now reports with concerns that the revolution there may
:07:42. > :07:48.become bogged down in political infighting.
:07:48. > :07:53.They had carried the flag of Libya's revolution from the start.
:07:53. > :08:01.It mountain peoples. Prout horseman and Warriors celebrating their new
:08:01. > :08:10.found freedom. This town was one of the first places to rise up against
:08:10. > :08:14.Colonel Gaddafi. It sacrificed much to oust him. It has lost over 200
:08:14. > :08:19.men. Its fighters continue to die in battles across the country. Now,
:08:19. > :08:24.the town wants a slice of power in the new Libya. They say two
:08:24. > :08:32.ministers in the new Cabinet should come from this town. If you played
:08:32. > :08:39.a major role in the liberation of the country, you have to have a
:08:39. > :08:44.good piece of the cake. Hundreds of miles away, the battered city of
:08:44. > :08:52.Misrata believes it too should be rewarded. Libya's political battles
:08:52. > :08:56.are now beginning. A lot of people died here on the street. This man
:08:56. > :08:59.helped lead the revolution in the city. Many here believe they should
:08:59. > :09:09.have a greater say in Libya's future and towns that did not
:09:09. > :09:10.
:09:10. > :09:16.suffer as much. 1,500 this -- 1,500 of Ms Rutter's people died. Lismore
:09:16. > :09:20.is putting forward its own candidate for prime minister. As
:09:20. > :09:26.the debate continues, it is not giving up its weapons just yet.
:09:26. > :09:30.TRANSLATION: It is too early. After what Gaddafi's trips did, no-one
:09:30. > :09:35.from Misrata wants to give up their weapons until there is a united
:09:35. > :09:40.government. But in Tripoli, there is no national government. One will
:09:40. > :09:45.not before dental Gaddafi's are downfalls. Libya has weeks of
:09:45. > :09:48.political uncertainty to come. This is where Libya's tribal leaders
:09:48. > :09:53.used to meet, deciding who gets what share of the spoils of power
:09:53. > :09:58.is not going to be easy. Libya's actions are not going to descend
:09:58. > :10:02.into infighting. After 42 years of dictatorship, there is an
:10:02. > :10:08.incredible sense of solidarity here. People want this revelation to work.
:10:08. > :10:11.They are determined to build a new democracy. The problem is they have
:10:11. > :10:19.chased away Gaddafi, but he has left behind a Libya when no-one
:10:19. > :10:23.knows how to share power. Even though they are hungry for it.
:10:24. > :10:28.Now to a report on how and a delicate arrested destination in
:10:28. > :10:33.Africa has turned into a perilous resort. In recent weeks, French and
:10:33. > :10:37.British women have been kidnapped from the Kenyan coast and taken to
:10:37. > :10:41.Somalia. The attacks had damaging Kenya's tourist industry, which
:10:41. > :10:45.takes up 10% of the country's foreign exchange earnings. There
:10:45. > :10:51.are warnings that Somali pirates are about to become much more
:10:52. > :10:57.active as the monsoon season ends. From the resort of Lamu, how
:10:57. > :11:04.correspondent has this report. For tourists, it is like stepping
:11:04. > :11:12.back in time. The enchanting Lamu Island is steeped in Somali culture
:11:12. > :11:17.-- Swahili culture. The beaches are a big draw, but not right now. This
:11:17. > :11:20.was what a French visitor had to call her little paradise, until a
:11:20. > :11:25.gang of Somali gunmen struck at night, dragged her down the beach
:11:25. > :11:29.and left by speedboat for Somalia. The police were so you're prepared,
:11:29. > :11:32.they even asked the hotel owner to borrow a boat. This, just three
:11:32. > :11:42.weeks after the murder and kidnap of a British couple for the
:11:42. > :11:49.I came here before for a family during Christmas time... There were
:11:49. > :11:53.travel warnings, cancellations and now abandoned hotels. Now it is a
:11:53. > :11:59.matter of time to wait for the tourists to come back with
:11:59. > :12:04.confidence. The police and army out on an
:12:04. > :12:07.evening patrol. Sleepy Lamu has never seen anything like it. For
:12:07. > :12:11.the Kenyan authorities this is a difficult balancing act. On the one
:12:11. > :12:21.hand they are trying to send the message that this places secured
:12:21. > :12:22.
:12:22. > :12:27.and they are more patrols but they do not want to over militarised the
:12:27. > :12:31.area. Tourism brings in 10% of the foreign exchange. Now the
:12:31. > :12:36.government is worried as security spreads from neighbouring Somalia.
:12:36. > :12:40.This affects our economy, it is a threat to peace and stability and a
:12:40. > :12:45.threat to our lives. Up to 70 Somali pirates groups are preparing
:12:45. > :12:50.to deploy with ships and now tourists and risk, some people
:12:50. > :12:53.think it is now time to go after the pirate bases. Taking on the
:12:53. > :12:59.pirates as they prepare to go to see would be a change of tactics
:12:59. > :13:03.for the various military forces. Would it be a positive change?
:13:03. > :13:08.personal view is yes, we need to prevent the pirates going to see in
:13:08. > :13:12.the first place -- my personal view. They may now be on the lookout but
:13:12. > :13:18.questions remain over Kenya's ability to secure the beaches. The
:13:18. > :13:22.tourism industry here can't afford another tack.
:13:22. > :13:28.-- another attack. The internet has of course brought literally
:13:28. > :13:32.billions of people so many benefits but it has also opened up new
:13:32. > :13:36.opportunities for criminals. They can break into our home computers
:13:36. > :13:41.with Spies software and steal information about our bank accounts
:13:41. > :13:45.for in since. It is not just criminals that are using these so-
:13:45. > :13:50.called trojans -- for instance. Governments are also using them to
:13:50. > :13:55.look at digital photographs, e- mails and phone calls. Controversy
:13:55. > :14:00.has erupted in Berlin over news that Watford German states employed
:14:00. > :14:05.Spies software to investigate German crimes -- four. The software
:14:05. > :14:09.was found by members of the Chaos Computer Club in Berlin. They were
:14:09. > :14:14.asked to examine a hard drive and found a trojan on it, software put
:14:15. > :14:19.their secretly two-track every movement. The males, Skype calls,
:14:19. > :14:23.including thousands of pictures of what was on the computer screen --
:14:23. > :14:28.e-mails. Authorities on Germany are allowed to survive but only after
:14:28. > :14:34.getting judge's permission and only if there are serious crimes
:14:34. > :14:37.suspected -- 2 spy. If it was found to be a minor criminal case, but
:14:37. > :14:42.the German Supreme Court decided that breaking into people's
:14:42. > :14:46.computers is only allowed in very rare circumstances like acts of
:14:46. > :14:51.terrorism, and putting life in danger except trout. It was used in
:14:51. > :14:55.a case where it was not supposed to be used -- etc etc. It seems to
:14:55. > :15:05.have been put "honour crime" suspect's computer as he went
:15:05. > :15:07.through Munich airport. TRANSLATION: The trojan has been
:15:07. > :15:14.introduced with in judicial proceedings to solve a tough crime,
:15:14. > :15:20.our experts in that area do not accept the approaches that the
:15:20. > :15:25.Chaos Computer Club made concerning hacker problems. He says the
:15:25. > :15:30.trojans software was introduced after consulting a judge and in an
:15:30. > :15:34.investigation of serious crime. Germans take through the sea on
:15:34. > :15:39.computers very seriously indeed for obvious reasons. -- Take privacy.
:15:39. > :15:43.Because of history at over communism and the Nazis, where
:15:43. > :15:48.surveillance was rampant. Several states in Germany have now admitted
:15:48. > :15:52.they used the software. There are now investigations as to whether
:15:52. > :15:59.the country's constitution, which has strict rules governing the
:16:00. > :16:03.protection of privacy, has been broken.
:16:04. > :16:08.In China many people, especially the younger generation, say they
:16:08. > :16:12.are struggling with their ancient writing system. Sometimes they are
:16:12. > :16:17.even forgetting entire characters altogether. They say computers are
:16:17. > :16:21.to blame. In response schools across Shanghai have brought in
:16:21. > :16:31.compulsory calligraphy classes. Juliana Liu sent this report from
:16:31. > :16:34.
:16:34. > :16:39.Shanghai. Computer training is compulsory at
:16:39. > :16:45.the Chen Xiaokang school in Shanghai. Hanyuan said he has
:16:45. > :16:50.forgotten how to write some of the more complex characters by hand.
:16:50. > :16:55.TRANSLATION: When I write by hand, I have to memorise the character,
:16:55. > :17:01.or at least have a dictionary in front of me. But while I type, I
:17:01. > :17:04.just have to be familiar with the keyboard. Chen Xiaokang is a long
:17:04. > :17:09.time calligraphy teacher at the school and he says technology,
:17:09. > :17:13.while important, is getting in the way of passing on traditional
:17:13. > :17:18.writing and traditional values. TRANSLATION: As a Chinese person,
:17:18. > :17:23.how you write represents who you laugh. There is a saying that goes,
:17:23. > :17:27.if you love China, you must love Chinese characters because they are
:17:27. > :17:33.so full of meaning. So I feel that a Chinese person must be able to
:17:33. > :17:40.write well. It's been about 25 years since the last time I picked
:17:40. > :17:46.up a brush. So let's see if I can actually put into practice what
:17:46. > :17:53.Peter Chen has been explaining to me. Five will be writing the
:17:53. > :18:03.character "Ze" Which will mean to think -- I will be. But not just
:18:03. > :18:03.
:18:03. > :18:07.with one's head, but also with one's heart.
:18:07. > :18:13.Appealing to both the head and the heart is how Shanghai's educators
:18:13. > :18:17.are tackling the challenge posed by computers and mobile phones. Mr
:18:17. > :18:22.Chen wants to instil a love of language and writing through every
:18:22. > :18:26.stroke of the calligrapher's brash. Students less comfortable with
:18:26. > :18:30.brash writing will now have do practise harder because for the
:18:30. > :18:37.first time in all schools in Shanghai they will be tested on it.
:18:37. > :18:41.The hope is that as they come to appreciate the difficult art of
:18:41. > :18:51.calligraphy, China's complex and ancient writing system will be kept
:18:51. > :18:53.
:18:54. > :19:00.The protest song has been with us for years and Iraq is one of its
:19:00. > :19:04.modern manifestations. Two months on from the riots in England, Liana
:19:04. > :19:08.his heir went across London to find a group of rappers who are trying
:19:08. > :19:14.to find her own explanations as to why the violence broke out on
:19:14. > :19:22.England's streets. When London descended into anarchy,
:19:22. > :19:26.hip-hop artists started writing songs like this one.
:19:26. > :19:32.Their lyrics drew inspiration from the most widespread rioting
:19:32. > :19:36.Britain's streets had ever seen. Many people in Britain say the
:19:36. > :19:40.looting and violence was mindless criminality. But others are
:19:40. > :19:45.wondering why it happened in the first place. Some people say it is
:19:45. > :19:48.linked to an underclass of people who have been excluded and ignored.
:19:49. > :19:56.Politician has on the beach, while we watch our streets there and,
:19:56. > :20:02.when are they going to learn? year-old Zico grew up in Hackney
:20:02. > :20:06.where some of the worst trouble took place. He says the role of
:20:06. > :20:10.parents is important. My mum made a conscious decision to pick me up
:20:10. > :20:17.and take me out of Hackney's schools and put me somewhere where
:20:17. > :20:22.she thought I would be benefited from. Police brutality is wrong and
:20:22. > :20:27.it needs to come to an end. Parents, teachers, preachers, government,
:20:27. > :20:31.they have got to play their part. Other London rappers have come up
:20:31. > :20:36.with lyrics based on their experiences of the riots. They have
:20:36. > :20:40.all have their opinions as to why it happened. Young people took
:20:40. > :20:45.advantage but going back, why did they do that? They feel like if it
:20:45. > :20:49.is not being given up they should take it. But they are more
:20:49. > :20:53.opportunities, we are just not been guided. A lot of the children in
:20:53. > :20:57.the modern Western world are so bombarded by advertising for
:20:57. > :21:01.trainers and gadgets, iPhones and iPods, when the right mood kicks
:21:02. > :21:06.off, what is the first thing they are going to do? We are telling
:21:06. > :21:10.them it is the only way to be successful. The death of Mark
:21:10. > :21:14.Dorgan sparked the initial violence after he was shot in North London
:21:14. > :21:18.but it is the animosity towards the police reflected in this track that
:21:18. > :21:23.makes uncomfortable listening for many in Britain. Tough sentences
:21:23. > :21:33.for those responsible was the authority's initial response but
:21:33. > :21:34.