:00:04. > :00:14.distortion of the facts. More news later. But now it is time
:00:14. > :00:24.
:00:24. > :00:30.Ten years after he exposed the plight of child workers in the
:00:30. > :00:34.cocoa industry, Humphrey Hawksley returns home to find it is business
:00:34. > :00:40.as usual in the Ivory Coast. Germany's middle-classes struggled
:00:41. > :00:45.to maintain their economic status. They are less likely to help other
:00:45. > :00:53.struggling nations. The obscure soccer team in Dagestan
:00:53. > :01:00.whose owner is spending millions to make it the new Real Madrid.
:01:00. > :01:05.Welcome. Ten years ago, the leading chocolate manufacturers promised to
:01:05. > :01:10.tackle child labour in the massive global cocoa industry as a matter
:01:10. > :01:15.of urgency. It was hailed as a landmark agreement but despite this,
:01:15. > :01:18.a decade on, children are still being exploited and made to do
:01:19. > :01:23.dangerous work. The biggest cocoa producer in the world is Ivory
:01:23. > :01:28.Coast in West Africa. As many as 800,000 children work in the coca
:01:28. > :01:33.farms there. A war world affairs correspondent has been
:01:33. > :01:37.investigating. -- Power World affairs correspondent.
:01:37. > :01:46.Deep in the cocoa belt of the Ivory Coast, it is not hard to find
:01:46. > :01:55.children at work. Coca is the raw product that makes chocolate. --
:01:55. > :02:02.cocoa. No laughter, no play, no wages. Injuries but no first aid.
:02:02. > :02:09.Even the farmer barely scraped a living. TRANSLATION: If the price
:02:09. > :02:13.is low, I lose money. Right now, I'm not doing very well. Ten years
:02:13. > :02:19.ago, after intense pressure, the chocolate industry signed an
:02:19. > :02:24.agreement. The promise from the chocolate companies was to act as a
:02:24. > :02:31.matter of urgency to stop hazardous child labour. Isn't that exactly
:02:31. > :02:36.what we're seeing here? The Farmer says they were his children or sons
:02:36. > :02:45.of friends. But at least one wasn't. When I asked his name, the farmer
:02:45. > :02:54.did not know, he became embarrassed and left. Many children are kept
:02:54. > :03:02.out of school and taken from their families. This child's home is more
:03:02. > :03:11.than two miles away. TRANSLATION: My father sent me here to work. I
:03:11. > :03:20.have not seen my family for three years. This is where coca begins
:03:20. > :03:22.its journey to our shops. Child workers are a common sight in the
:03:22. > :03:31.chocolate -- and the chocolate companies concede that more needs
:03:31. > :03:41.to be done. It says hundreds of thousands of families have been
:03:41. > :03:47.
:03:47. > :03:54.helped. This is one model project. At its heart is a school that
:03:54. > :03:57.opened three years ago. But the villagers complain it is not big
:03:57. > :04:07.enough. Hundreds of children in this area still have no school to
:04:07. > :04:12.
:04:12. > :04:17.go to. Add the chocolate industry acted as a matter of urgency?
:04:17. > :04:22.TRANSLATION: The chocolate industry has a moral duty to engage with us
:04:22. > :04:27.in this human task. Plans to build roads, schools, hospitals and
:04:27. > :04:37.social centres. Anything that would allow the Ivory Coast to progress.
:04:37. > :04:45.It is in the interest of the industry to work with us. Children
:04:45. > :04:50.are already benefiting. This boy is now 15. His father took him up the
:04:50. > :04:59.farm and put him in this school to teach him to read and write. He
:04:59. > :05:05.still has some scars. TRANSLATION: It was not good. You get very tired
:05:05. > :05:15.when you go to work so much. Every day I would wake up at 6am and go
:05:15. > :05:18.
:05:18. > :05:28.straight to the coca farm. Now, he and his father worked with younger
:05:28. > :05:31.
:05:31. > :05:35.family members in safer jobs, like drying beans in the sun. But as
:05:35. > :05:45.soon as they are sold to market, it is impossible to tell how and where
:05:45. > :05:52.
:05:52. > :05:57.the beans were harvested and by whom. Then, the coca is packed into
:05:58. > :06:04.huge containers heading for Europe and America and Asia. To be used by
:06:04. > :06:12.the multinational truck with companies. -- chocolate companies.
:06:12. > :06:17.They insist they are committed to addressing the issue. We have been
:06:17. > :06:24.working for ten years. It is a very challenging environment that we are
:06:24. > :06:28.working in. Have the resources been insufficient? We would agree that
:06:28. > :06:33.more work needs to be done and we have committed a substantial amount
:06:33. > :06:42.of resources in the past. We do not deny that progress has not been
:06:42. > :06:52.sufficient. There is no disagreement that this present
:06:52. > :06:53.
:06:53. > :06:57.situation is unacceptable. Greece may have installed a new
:06:57. > :07:02.interim Prime Minister to help and some of the uncertainty in the
:07:02. > :07:07.eu eut the shock waves of the crisis are still gripping the
:07:07. > :07:10.Continent. In Germany, the economic powerhouse of Europe, the once
:07:10. > :07:15.prosperous middle classes are now feeling the pinch as growth rates
:07:15. > :07:20.across the EU and drastically revised downwards. Our Berlin
:07:20. > :07:24.Correspondent reports. Germany is one of the most equal
:07:24. > :07:30.countries in the world. It has a smaller gap between rich and poor
:07:30. > :07:38.in Britain and France, the United States and China. It is a country
:07:38. > :07:42.of the middle class. A middle class that is being squeezed. This woman
:07:42. > :07:48.is a senior nurse. When a hospital she worked at was privatised, she
:07:48. > :07:54.was put on a new contract. After 25 years in a good career, she
:07:55. > :07:59.suddenly find their pay has fallen. -- finds her pay has fallen.
:07:59. > :08:03.TRANSLATION: I'm really disappointed because they
:08:03. > :08:08.contribute to this society. Nursing is a very important profession. I'm
:08:08. > :08:18.disappointed that it is not appreciated. I really have to
:08:18. > :08:20.
:08:20. > :08:24.struggle now. Official definitions about -- about 60% of the people in
:08:24. > :08:29.this country could be defined as middle class. As the decade
:08:29. > :08:33.progressed, that middle got squeezed. German society has become
:08:33. > :08:40.increasingly polarised between rich and poor. The reasons for the
:08:40. > :08:50.squeeze are very. Experts say the main factor is that things have not
:08:50. > :08:54.
:08:54. > :09:04.risen much. For 10 or 15 years we had not -- had no higher wages.
:09:04. > :09:04.
:09:04. > :09:11.People have less and less money in their pockets. This is a soup
:09:11. > :09:14.kitchen for children of parents who are hard up. But it is people with
:09:14. > :09:18.jobs who are sending their children here increasingly because of a
:09:18. > :09:23.squeeze on working people. A squeezed middle class is often
:09:24. > :09:28.being squeezed downwards. TRANSLATION: Germany is a rich
:09:28. > :09:32.country but the wealth is not equally distributed. As the month
:09:33. > :09:37.goes on and people's pay runs out, more children get sent here.
:09:37. > :09:42.Germany is still well off compared to most countries, but Germans do
:09:42. > :09:47.not feel as prosperous as they were. That has consequences. They do not
:09:47. > :09:53.spend so much and that slows the economy. It may make them loath to
:09:53. > :09:59.hold out other countries. -- help out.
:09:59. > :10:03.The pressure for academic success is as fierce as ever in South Korea.
:10:03. > :10:06.The country recently held its National College entrance exams.
:10:06. > :10:10.Many young Koreans are finding that when they graduate, they are not
:10:10. > :10:17.enough jobs to go one round. The government is trying to persuade
:10:17. > :10:21.students to opt for vocational training instead.
:10:21. > :10:25.There are not many excuses for arriving late to Korea's National
:10:25. > :10:29.College entrance exam. This is the one day of the year when the
:10:29. > :10:33.government changes flight schedules and even hold up the morning rush
:10:33. > :10:40.hour to give students the best possible chance. The universities
:10:40. > :10:49.is seen as crucial here. 80% of school leavers go on to higher
:10:49. > :10:54.education and that is causing a problem. This boy is taking a
:10:54. > :10:58.different route. He has decided he wants to be a chef. Rather than
:10:58. > :11:03.cramming for the university entrance exam, he is learning
:11:03. > :11:08.practical skills at a vocational high school. Today's lesson, red
:11:08. > :11:13.bean noodles. My mother and father did not want me to go to this
:11:13. > :11:22.school because it is: Mary and in our culture, men are not supposed
:11:22. > :11:29.to cook in the kitchen. People around me told me I should not do
:11:29. > :11:39.that. That is one of the reasons why I chose the culinary school. I
:11:39. > :11:42.
:11:42. > :11:47.did not want to be like normal Korea's educational system is world
:11:47. > :11:51.famous, but it is causing a problem. With 80% of Korea's students going
:11:51. > :11:57.to university, there are not enough top jobs to go round, so many
:11:57. > :12:00.graduates end up unemployed, even while semi-skilled jobs remain
:12:00. > :12:05.unfilled. The President has been promoting a new scheme to give
:12:05. > :12:10.those with work-experience the same benefits as those with degrees.
:12:10. > :12:17.This is what he is up against - parents who will do almost anything
:12:17. > :12:24.to get their child into university. At the capital's main Buddhist
:12:24. > :12:29.temple, the price of your child's academic success is 100 kowtows and
:12:29. > :12:33.day, every day, since July. government is discouraging people
:12:33. > :12:38.from learning - I would have liked to go to university myself, but it
:12:38. > :12:43.was not possible in my day. This woman is old enough to remember the
:12:43. > :12:47.days before democracy, when a small group of elite ran the country. For
:12:48. > :12:55.her and many others here, fear of ending up on the wrong side of the
:12:55. > :12:58.system still runs deep. Like South Koreans, young Chinese
:12:59. > :13:02.people are avid users of the internet. This is causing the
:13:02. > :13:09.authorities in Beijing some problems. China is looking at ways
:13:09. > :13:13.to control internet information through Bloggs at which I used by
:13:13. > :13:20.hundreds of millions of people every day. These blocks are giving
:13:20. > :13:23.people the opportunity to share information like never before -
:13:23. > :13:29.which is upsetting the country's Communist rulers.
:13:29. > :13:33.This temple seems a strange place to look for the modern world.
:13:33. > :13:40.Complex Buddhist rituals have been performed here for more than a
:13:40. > :13:45.thousand years. The temple is going through something of a revival -
:13:45. > :13:55.there are now more monks and worshippers, and expansion has been
:13:55. > :13:59.
:13:59. > :14:07.driven by a hi-tech tall, the internet. -- tool. The temple is
:14:07. > :14:15.now online. The monks here are now able to express themselves. The
:14:15. > :14:18.Government's drive -- the government stifles debate in China,
:14:18. > :14:23.but the internet is providing people with a public platform to
:14:23. > :14:30.speak out like never before. Political activists now have a new
:14:31. > :14:39.weapon. Campaigners can instantly spread their descent. This woman is
:14:39. > :14:43.now in prison. Some say her sentence was posted online before
:14:43. > :14:50.she even left the courtroom. Once you have this technology, you
:14:50. > :14:54.cannot live without it. It is the same with freedom. Microblogging's
:14:54. > :14:59.real power was revealed earlier this year after a deadly train
:14:59. > :15:05.crash. People were angry, and they said so online, in their millions.
:15:05. > :15:11.Many blamed the government. It forced Wen Jiabao to do something
:15:11. > :15:16.Chinese politicians rarely do - apologise. The former head of
:15:16. > :15:19.Google in China has written a book about microblogging - he says it
:15:19. > :15:29.has started a revolution that is changing the way the country is
:15:29. > :15:33.
:15:33. > :15:38.ruled. It will at least accelerate the rate at which people are
:15:38. > :15:42.disseminating information and showing their voices. That will
:15:42. > :15:49.cause the government to ponder. government is worried. Committee's
:15:49. > :15:58.debate what to do. Although communists sense a microblogging
:15:58. > :16:01.and manipulate them, they are threatening to punish the users.
:16:01. > :16:05.The government controls information to control what people think -
:16:06. > :16:11.microblogging makes that task difficult. This social revolution
:16:11. > :16:21.already has hundreds of millions of believers. Reigning the team would
:16:21. > :16:32.
:16:32. > :16:38.be easy. -- raining it in a won't ambition, and a soccer team's
:16:38. > :16:48.multi-millionaire owner has been recruiting superstars.
:16:48. > :16:51.
:16:51. > :16:55.In this carom, it is Kalashnikov was before kick-off. -- this town.
:16:55. > :17:05.Nearly every day there are attacks by criminal gangs or government
:17:05. > :17:08.
:17:08. > :17:11.insurgents. This man, X Inter Milan, has moved here. Thanks to a local
:17:11. > :17:21.billionaire, this town has signed some of the biggest names in world
:17:21. > :17:24.
:17:24. > :17:29.football.... He is thought to be earning �350,000 per week here.
:17:29. > :17:33.What is happening here is nothing less than a football fairy-tale. A
:17:33. > :17:38.small club in the roughest part of Russia has suddenly become one of
:17:38. > :17:45.the richest football clubs in the world. They are well paid, but are
:17:45. > :17:53.the stars are bits do it? TRANSLATION: -- are the stars at a
:17:53. > :17:57.bit scared? I have never had any problems, I am not scared - but
:17:57. > :18:01.problems can happen anywhere, London, New York. Just over a month
:18:01. > :18:07.ago, car bombs near the stadium killed a policeman and wounded 60
:18:07. > :18:11.people. For security reasons, the players actually live and train a
:18:11. > :18:15.thousand miles away outside Moscow. The team flies into town for home
:18:15. > :18:20.games. TRANSLATION: It is a pity that the
:18:20. > :18:25.team is not based here. It takes us back up to three hours to travel to
:18:25. > :18:32.our home matches. I am getting used to it. I think that our football is
:18:32. > :18:42.bringing joy to local people. fans are getting a bit choosy now
:18:42. > :18:56.
:18:56. > :19:00.about my the club's Arriens. -- about cook the club's signs are....
:19:00. > :19:05.It has been billed as the opportunity of a lifetime, to seek
:19:05. > :19:09.the works of one of the greatest artists of all time. No fewer than
:19:09. > :19:14.nine of Leonardo da Vinci's paintings have been gathered in the
:19:14. > :19:17.one place and they are on display in the National Gallery of London.
:19:17. > :19:27.They present a very rare opportunity to see a wide range of
:19:27. > :19:32.the master's work. We took a look. A true masterpiece by Leonardo da
:19:32. > :19:40.Vinci. It has never been shown publicly in Britain before, nor has
:19:40. > :19:46.this - his painting - a 500-year- old portraits, making its trip to
:19:46. > :19:56.London. In fact, seven of the nine paintings in this exhibition are
:19:56. > :19:56.
:19:56. > :20:00.making their UK debut. Asking the museums of the world to lend their
:20:00. > :20:05.Leonardo da Vinci works is difficult. It is very difficult,
:20:05. > :20:10.and it should be. There were curator to curator conversations,
:20:10. > :20:13.Minister to minister conversations, and after five long years, the
:20:13. > :20:16.paintings have arrived in London. The such an exhibition has never
:20:16. > :20:21.happened before, and will likely never happen again. What is it
:20:21. > :20:26.about these paintings that capture people's imaginations? He leaves
:20:26. > :20:31.you with something ambiguous - mysterious. This extraordinary
:20:31. > :20:38.combination of emphatic knowledge and enormous visual teasing. This
:20:38. > :20:42.is the painting - the Virgin of the rocks. The Louvre has never let it
:20:42. > :20:46.out of their side before. The London gallery had to agree to
:20:46. > :20:51.certain specific security measures, like building is reinforced glass
:20:51. > :20:58.case. It is here they can compare it to their own version that
:20:58. > :21:01.Leonardo da Vinci painted a few years later, which is hanging
:21:01. > :21:11.opposite. Take a look at the two conversions, they are quite
:21:11. > :21:13.
:21:13. > :21:18.different. These are... The Louvre's version is one of the few
:21:18. > :21:22.that has not had its authenticity questioned. This one has. There
:21:22. > :21:32.will always be a question about this picture. It was a period when
:21:32. > :21:33.
:21:33. > :21:36.he was working with assistance.... For me, parts of these figures
:21:36. > :21:41.could only have been painted by him. These paintings have come from