:00:19. > :00:23.Those are the latest headlines. The ordeal of the besieged people
:00:23. > :00:27.of Homs. We report on the citizens trying to survive the Syrian
:00:27. > :00:33.bombardment. Did civilians jump the queue and stop these Libyan war
:00:33. > :00:36.casualties from getting treatment abroad?
:00:37. > :00:41.Can the Swedish model of an equal society survive in a changing
:00:41. > :00:51.world? Leaving his mark all over Moscow, the street artist known as
:00:51. > :00:56.
:00:56. > :00:59.Welcome to Reporters. When the Syrian government ordered
:00:59. > :01:04.the bombardment of Homs on 4th February, they called it an
:01:04. > :01:09.operation to crush armed resistance. Since then, it is believed that
:01:09. > :01:17.hundreds were killed by fire from mortar shells and rockets.
:01:17. > :01:27.Activists speak of attacks on the streets. Paul Wood and Fred Scott
:01:27. > :01:28.
:01:28. > :01:35.are some of the few Western It began at dawn. For a fifth day,
:01:35. > :01:45.Homs was under bombardment. Some said it was the worst day of
:01:45. > :01:51.
:01:51. > :02:01.shelling. Syrian tanks roamed menacingly. People are afraid of
:02:01. > :02:02.
:02:02. > :02:08.the regime. They think it may make a final push. The casualties are
:02:08. > :02:12.mounting. Most are civilians. They had put their hopes in a UN
:02:12. > :02:22.resolution but it was vetoed by Russia and China. They are bitter
:02:22. > :02:23.
:02:23. > :02:29.about that. This child is about three years old. He got hit by a
:02:29. > :02:37.bomb. Is this what the UN is waiting for? Until they kill all
:02:37. > :02:43.the children and all the women? Homs is shattered and terrified
:02:43. > :02:51.after many punishing days of this. Hundreds of shells and mortar bombs
:02:51. > :02:55.have been fired at this place. Amid all the grief and panic, the one
:02:55. > :03:05.thing you hear from the people again and again is that they feel
:03:05. > :03:13.
:03:13. > :03:17.abandoned by the outside world. They have not been out to play
:03:17. > :03:22.since the uprising began. Their mothers are in despair.
:03:22. > :03:29.TRANSLATION: The outside world will not help us. But the vengeance of
:03:29. > :03:34.God will come down on the Syrian president. The Kalashnikovs of the
:03:34. > :03:44.Free Syrian Army can do little against tanks. They hope the
:03:44. > :03:44.
:03:44. > :03:52.regime's forces will crumble from the inside. The Syrian army's
:03:52. > :03:59.morale has collapsed. They know they are killing civilians and they
:03:59. > :04:04.want this bloodbath to stop. As the bodies pile up, the prevailing mood
:04:04. > :04:14.is one of despair. People feel trapped and they believe nobody is
:04:14. > :04:16.
:04:16. > :04:21.During Libya's eight-month conflict, tens of thousands of people were
:04:21. > :04:25.injured last year. Proper medical treatment is hard to come by in the
:04:25. > :04:29.country. The new interim government promised to send the wounded abroad
:04:29. > :04:32.for medical treatment. It has emerged that thousands of people
:04:32. > :04:42.have jumped the queue, receiving free medical care in countries like
:04:42. > :04:45.
:04:45. > :04:49.Egypt, Tunisia and Jordan. Corruption is being blamed. This
:04:49. > :04:52.report from Tripoli. Libya's war may be over but not the
:04:52. > :04:58.ordeal of its wounded. This man tells his story. His car was
:04:58. > :05:04.sprayed with bullets last August, shattering his leg. He has been
:05:04. > :05:10.waiting three months to get it fixed abroad. Day after day they
:05:10. > :05:14.come here to The Committee that decides who gets sent overseas.
:05:14. > :05:24.Today, only Dr Osama Falefla has shown up. He is besieged by angry
:05:24. > :05:27.
:05:27. > :05:32.patients. They protest only well- connected people have been chosen.
:05:32. > :05:42.This is my job. Where is everybody else? I don't know. These people
:05:42. > :05:44.
:05:44. > :05:48.need an answer. They need to know if they can get treatment. I don't
:05:48. > :05:50.know. Thousands of Libyans have been able to go abroad at the
:05:50. > :05:53.government's expense. Tripoli Airport is a busy place with more
:05:53. > :05:56.flights meeting the enormous demand for Libyans wanted to travel
:05:56. > :05:59.overseas. Many of them have been taking advantage of the generous
:05:59. > :06:03.government funded medical treatment in foreign hospitals. But only a
:06:03. > :06:06.small proportion of those were actually wounded in battle. These
:06:06. > :06:09.passengers have come back from Jordan. For three months, the
:06:09. > :06:13.hospitals there have been filled to capacity with Libyan patients. Most
:06:13. > :06:20.of them are families who went to Jordan for routine ailments, some
:06:20. > :06:24.surprised to learn they could get all their costs covered.
:06:24. > :06:34.government has helped us and given us all the money, money for hotels,
:06:34. > :06:35.
:06:35. > :06:39.they helped us, really. The new government has been forced to halt
:06:40. > :06:49.the scheme. It has been an embarrassing and expensive blunder.
:06:49. > :06:55.How much money has been spent on this scheme? $800 million. We have
:06:55. > :07:05.40,000 people out. A lot of them are the wrong patients? I would say
:07:05. > :07:06.
:07:06. > :07:10.about 10% or 15% are wounded. Libyans now expect a lot of their
:07:10. > :07:15.country. Treating the wounded is supposed to have been a top
:07:15. > :07:22.priority. But it went so wrong that it has badly shaken confidence in a
:07:22. > :07:25.Pakistan's lucrative pharmaceutical industry is trying to recover its
:07:25. > :07:32.reputation after a scandal in which more than 100 patients died from
:07:32. > :07:37.the effects of contaminated heart medicines. Tests showed that the
:07:37. > :07:47.pills contained a lethal dose of anti-malarial chemicals. The
:07:47. > :07:48.
:07:48. > :07:51.tragedy has focused attention on We are with a drug inspector on a
:07:51. > :07:54.raid of a pharmaceutical factory. It is suspected that medicines
:07:54. > :08:03.supplied from here had no active ingredient and a little more use
:08:03. > :08:07.than sweets. This is sub-standard. We will never know how many
:08:07. > :08:14.patients have already taken the medicines or how many may have been
:08:14. > :08:16.made worse thanks to this drug manufacturer. While they may be
:08:17. > :08:20.carrying out raids now, the Pakistani authorities have been
:08:20. > :08:27.accused of not being good enough at regulating the drugs available in
:08:27. > :08:31.hospitals, chemists and markets. In this one area, we found dozens of
:08:31. > :08:35.these small stores selling medicines. You can get whatever you
:08:35. > :08:39.want without a prescription and you can even buy the components to make
:08:39. > :08:45.up your own drugs. Very few of these traders are properly licensed
:08:45. > :08:47.and a very few of the medicines are properly checked. Checking would
:08:47. > :08:53.have prevented over 100 heart patients losing their lives
:08:53. > :08:56.recently. Many more people have been hospitalised. The locally
:08:56. > :09:01.produced drugs may have been given by government doctors were
:09:01. > :09:05.contaminated. The pharmaceutical business is booming in Pakistan.
:09:05. > :09:13.But the companies who provide the drugs do not check their medicines
:09:13. > :09:21.in their own laboratories. The people who bought the medicine were
:09:21. > :09:26.not very vigilant. They should have checked it also. The government
:09:26. > :09:29.blames everyone else. Pakistan has recently gotten rid of its National
:09:29. > :09:32.Ministry of Health. There is confusion over who monitors
:09:32. > :09:42.pharmaceuticals and many inside the industry feel the recent tragedy is
:09:42. > :09:43.
:09:43. > :09:53.almost inevitable. This is the initial attack. The worst is still
:09:53. > :09:59.
:09:59. > :10:01.to be expected. You need to have a regulatory authority. Until that
:10:01. > :10:06.happens, confidence in the Pakistani industry, which currently
:10:06. > :10:09.exports medicines to over 30 countries, could decline further.
:10:09. > :10:19.The worry for patients is that without regulation, more lives will
:10:19. > :10:22.Now to northern Nigeria, where 400 children are being killed and many
:10:22. > :10:29.more at risk after what Human Rights Watch calls the world's
:10:29. > :10:32.worst lead poisoning epidemic. They say that despite warnings two years
:10:32. > :10:42.ago, dangerous gold mining in the area is expanding, while attempts
:10:42. > :11:06.
:11:06. > :11:10.This is one of the poorest parts of Nigeria that is mineral rich. The
:11:10. > :11:15.people here found out how to mine and process the minerals. But it
:11:15. > :11:20.came at a heavy price. Deadly lead dust was released as the ore was
:11:20. > :11:26.crushed. It entered people's homes and their blood. Bagega is now the
:11:27. > :11:31.most contaminated place in the region. Amina grew up there.
:11:31. > :11:38.TRANSLATION: I have six children. Each time one died, I was so upset.
:11:38. > :11:48.Seven have died so far in this compound. If you include mine, 10
:11:48. > :11:54.
:11:54. > :11:57.have died. 400 children have already died. The levels of lead
:11:57. > :11:59.measured in Amina's place were six times greater. This is something
:11:59. > :12:06.that is clearly very tragic. Something that should not have
:12:06. > :12:08.happened at all and we should have done more. The mortality rate has
:12:08. > :12:13.dropped significantly over the past two years and the government has
:12:13. > :12:16.helped clean up seven villages. There has been some action from the
:12:16. > :12:26.government but the issue is really that there are 2,000 children who
:12:26. > :12:33.
:12:33. > :12:36.are in urgent need of treatment right now. Those children cannot be
:12:36. > :12:41.treated until their homes are cleaned up. They cannot be cleaned
:12:41. > :12:44.up until safer mining actions are implemented. Gold exports are
:12:44. > :12:47.estimated to bring in $0.5 million a year. But farmers are worried
:12:47. > :12:50.practices will be banned in the north and human rights groups are
:12:50. > :12:53.concerned that will push malpractices further underground.
:12:53. > :13:01.Now it is said another seven villages are affected, all facing
:13:01. > :13:04.the same problem. And there is not decontamination. The race is
:13:04. > :13:14.against time but crucial funding continues as many children in the
:13:14. > :13:14.
:13:14. > :13:18.north face the possibility of brain damage or worse. Sweden is often
:13:18. > :13:28.described as one of the most equal societies in the world and has one
:13:28. > :13:29.
:13:29. > :13:32.of the lowest levels of poverty. So it is no surprise that Sweden
:13:32. > :13:35.consistently appears near the top of the Human Development Index. But
:13:35. > :13:36.they pay high taxes to maintain their pride social welfare system.
:13:36. > :13:45.Universal healthcare, equal opportunities and access to
:13:45. > :13:49.education are among those benefits available to Swedish citizens. But
:13:49. > :13:51.as we report from Stockholm, many are starting to ask if the Swedish
:13:51. > :14:01.model can survive in the changing world. Equality comes early in
:14:01. > :14:03.
:14:03. > :14:06.Sweden. This is a pre-school class in the Stockholm suburb of Nacka.
:14:06. > :14:15.It takes children as young as 18 months. Parents come from all
:14:15. > :14:25.social classes. Teachers, cleaners, doctors. Eight out of ten women
:14:25. > :14:28.
:14:28. > :14:31.here have jobs. It does wonders for equality between the sexes. The
:14:31. > :14:33.government in Stockholm presides over one of the most equal
:14:33. > :14:36.societies in the world, thanks partly to the generous welfare
:14:36. > :14:39.system. The gap between the rich and poor is narrower here than
:14:39. > :14:49.almost everywhere else and equality, say the experts, is good for
:14:49. > :14:49.
:14:49. > :14:52.society. The more equal societies are supposed to have a lower crime
:14:52. > :14:58.rate, less health inequalities and better life chances for young
:14:58. > :15:04.people. It does not matter where in society you are born, you have
:15:04. > :15:08.enough chances to get a good education and have a good life.
:15:08. > :15:12.Sweden does have its class differences. This is Fisksatra, one
:15:12. > :15:21.of the poorest and most densely populated areas. But just down the
:15:21. > :15:31.road is Saltsjobaden, one of the wealthiest areas. Some people say
:15:31. > :15:31.
:15:31. > :15:34.the income differences in Sweden have started to get wider. The rich
:15:34. > :15:37.who can afford to live in wealthier districts like Saltsjobaden are
:15:37. > :15:42.getting richer, thanks to higher pay and lower taxes. And the poor
:15:42. > :15:48.are getting poorer as well. On the left, they say Sweden is becoming
:15:48. > :15:51.more like other European societies. Once Sweden was, back in the 60s
:15:51. > :15:56.when my parents came here from Turkey, something else if you
:15:56. > :16:06.compare it to today. A huge difference after 50 years. For now,
:16:06. > :16:10.
:16:10. > :16:16.Sweden remains enviably wealthy. Even the poorest have good
:16:16. > :16:24.standards of living. Keeping it that way it may prove a challenge.
:16:24. > :16:26.After the riots, parts of British society were described as broken.
:16:26. > :16:29.The government pledged to tackle what it called troubled families
:16:29. > :16:32.and it turned to America for one of its key programmes to intervene
:16:32. > :16:35.early in a child's life to prevent vulnerable young people growing up
:16:35. > :16:40.to be criminals. Our reporter went to Colorado where early
:16:40. > :16:43.intervention is having a dramatic effect, apparently. One of the
:16:43. > :16:53.worst school massacres in US history took place here at
:16:53. > :16:57.
:16:57. > :17:01.Columbine High. Two teenagers killed 12 students and a teacher.
:17:01. > :17:04.It shocked the city so much, they had a long look at how the most at
:17:04. > :17:12.risk children could be better brought up so it would never happen
:17:12. > :17:15.again. They evidence saw early intervention as the answer. These
:17:15. > :17:18.children are from poor homes where violence and neglect are common.
:17:18. > :17:27.Through Dinosaur School, they learn how to cope with their anger and
:17:27. > :17:33.frustration. Now he is really mad! What should he do? Should he hit
:17:33. > :17:40.her? No. Early intervention is all about getting the children from
:17:40. > :17:43.poor neighbourhoods as early as possible. Colorado has a system, on
:17:43. > :17:51.trial in Britain and around the world, targeting young and
:17:51. > :17:53.vulnerable pregnant women. It has reduced the number of child abuse
:17:54. > :17:57.by half, behaviour problems by two- thirds and has dramatically reduced
:17:57. > :17:59.the number of children who go on to commit a crime as teenagers. The
:17:59. > :18:01.international pioneer of early intervention is Professor David
:18:02. > :18:08.Olds. His methods have been vigorously tested and have been
:18:08. > :18:11.proven to be effective. What we are really trying to do is to nurture
:18:11. > :18:16.and support what we think is an instinctive drive in all of us who
:18:16. > :18:19.are human beings. That is to protect our children. It is not so
:18:19. > :18:23.much altering as a matter of supporting what is instinctively
:18:23. > :18:27.there. This girl is two years old. Since her mother was pregnant, a
:18:27. > :18:37.specially trained nurse has helped her bring up her baby and turn her
:18:37. > :18:39.
:18:39. > :18:47.life around. She finishes her tantrum and when she is done, you
:18:47. > :18:51.acknowledge she is OK. I have gained so much knowledge and so
:18:51. > :18:54.many different tools that I can use to help me and Daniel be successful
:18:54. > :19:01.parents. I would be lost without the programme on what to do and
:19:01. > :19:04.what resources there are to help me. The progress made by early
:19:04. > :19:13.intervention here has been dramatic. Perhaps what has been tested in
:19:13. > :19:19.America can now work in other parts of the world. A mysterious 28-year-
:19:20. > :19:22.old street artist is being held by some as the Russian Banksy. His art
:19:22. > :19:32.sometimes involves simple spray paint on walls but others are more
:19:32. > :19:36.
:19:36. > :19:39.complex, involving things like fire. He protects his true identity
:19:39. > :19:42.carefully but the man who calls himself Pavel 183 agreed to a
:19:42. > :19:45.secret meeting with our Moscow correspondent. It was a visit to an
:19:45. > :19:50.art gallery like no other. The abandoned trains and across rarely
:19:50. > :19:54.used railway tracks. But what we found there among the spray-painted
:19:54. > :19:58.graffiti tags was a work of a much higher quality. The artist is a
:19:58. > :20:06.kind of Russian Banksy. He also chooses to remain anonymous,
:20:06. > :20:16.calling himself Pavel 183. He is known for progressing through
:20:16. > :20:17.
:20:17. > :20:27.graffiti to what he calls street art. TRANSLATION: pure graffiti
:20:27. > :20:32.
:20:32. > :20:35.ought to only exist on trains. Street art is more interesting for
:20:35. > :20:41.me because it opens up more techniques than just painting on
:20:41. > :20:48.the wall. Pavel 183 photographs his more complicated installations
:20:48. > :20:54.because many are transient. They quickly disappear back into the
:20:54. > :21:04.urban environment. He often works with what he finds, filming himself
:21:04. > :21:08.
:21:08. > :21:13.as he goes. In this case, using abandoned concrete slabs to create
:21:13. > :21:16.giant versions of one of Russia's favourite chocolate bars. Pavel
:21:16. > :21:19.183's art is very simple and accessible but when you start to
:21:19. > :21:29.think about it, it is very beautiful and has its own unique
:21:29. > :21:36.
:21:36. > :21:39.atmosphere. At this time of political discontent in Russia,