:00:20. > :00:26.on BBC News it is time for Reporters.
:00:26. > :00:33.Iain Pannell joins the Syrian army defector leading the fight against
:00:33. > :00:38.President Assad in the north of the country. On pirate patrol - we join
:00:39. > :00:45.Australian surveillance cruise on a counter piracy mission in the
:00:45. > :00:51.Somali basin. We need Canadian researchers there are so -- fitting
:00:51. > :00:57.cameras to sea lions to see why they are dying out. Welcome to
:00:57. > :01:01.Reporters. According to the UN, Syrian women and children and are
:01:01. > :01:06.being killed on orders from the highest level of army and
:01:06. > :01:09.government. It is thought that President Assad's name is on a list
:01:09. > :01:13.of people with the UN says could face investigation over crimes
:01:13. > :01:20.against humanity. The Syrian government has denied killing
:01:20. > :01:30.civilians. Iain Pannell follows opposition forces rallying support
:01:30. > :01:36.in the north of the country. It is a call for a revolution the world
:01:36. > :01:42.cannot ignore any longer. Huddled in a safe house in northern Syria,
:01:42. > :01:47.lightly armed rebel fighters scene of freedom and defiance. They are
:01:47. > :01:52.led by a military defector. Many of the men who come to pay their
:01:52. > :01:57.respects are ordinary citizen soldiers. Labourers, farmers, even
:01:58. > :02:06.a graduate in English literature. They are fed a diet of rebellion
:02:06. > :02:12.and hot sweet tea. I will protect my people, protect my children. To
:02:12. > :02:22.make lives better. What do you want? What I want? Freedom.
:02:22. > :02:23.
:02:23. > :02:30.Political freedom. Social freedom. Freedom in all of its concepts.
:02:30. > :02:37.the last few days we have gone from town to village. He calls this a
:02:37. > :02:42.free Syria, the area is highly dangerous. 24 hours a day you feel
:02:42. > :02:50.in danger from this regime. It is deadly. President Assad is supposed
:02:50. > :03:00.to protect us, he just protects himself. We raced to another town
:03:00. > :03:03.
:03:03. > :03:11.and an opposition rally. Their rebellion is almost one year older
:03:11. > :03:15.and gathering pace. They chant for the downfall of Bashar al-Assad.
:03:15. > :03:23.Not everyone is against the President. Some are afraid of what
:03:23. > :03:28.these people want. What we are watching is. -- is the beginning of
:03:28. > :03:37.an Islamic takeover. Ethnic and religious differences could become
:03:37. > :03:42.the vision and still be on the Syria's borders. -- spill. There
:03:42. > :03:46.are many from lines in this battle, we were taken to one of them. --
:03:46. > :03:50.front lines. Many have died here as the present and forces his will
:03:50. > :03:56.through the barrel of a gun. Government troops have moved into
:03:56. > :04:00.this area, where homes have been shelled and civilians killed. We
:04:00. > :04:05.have just been brought into this building by members of the Free
:04:05. > :04:10.Syrian Army. Government positions are a few hundred metres out in
:04:10. > :04:16.that direction. We are told they are using snipers and they have
:04:16. > :04:21.brought tanks and troops. We have to keep low and be careful. In the
:04:21. > :04:25.distance, you can make out a tank. A reminder of the force at the
:04:25. > :04:31.government's disposal. This is what the locals have to defend against
:04:31. > :04:35.it. A road block and a few old rifles. At sundown we moved again
:04:35. > :04:41.to one last found also in the throes of its own particular
:04:41. > :04:46.revolution. It might seem a world away from home, but we are just be
:04:46. > :04:54.on the fringes of Europe. A conflict like civil war is raging.
:04:54. > :04:59.So far, the world has been powerless to help.
:04:59. > :05:02.World leaders have pledged new leader at -- new measures to help
:05:03. > :05:12.Somalia tackle terrorism and piracy at a major meeting in London.
:05:13. > :05:13.
:05:13. > :05:20.Piracy costs lives and money. Frank Gardner was given rare access on
:05:20. > :05:27.board an Australian maritime patrol as it took part in a counter piracy
:05:27. > :05:34.mission around the Somali basin. The Royal Navy facing off with
:05:34. > :05:39.pirates off the Somali coast. It is an uneven match. Outgunned, the
:05:39. > :05:43.pirates surrender. Marines seized the pirates and the weapons. Many
:05:43. > :05:51.other attacks go unchallenged. How to patrol more than one million
:05:51. > :05:54.square miles of ocean? This Australian crew have brought their
:05:54. > :06:04.long-range surveillance planes from Adelaide, they make a huge
:06:04. > :06:08.difference. They are going to take us out over the Indian Ocean. The
:06:08. > :06:14.area were they think they are most likely to see pirates. I was told
:06:14. > :06:22.we were the first British media to be allowed on board. Flying out of
:06:22. > :06:25.an air base in the Emirates, this Orion plane allows missions to look
:06:25. > :06:35.far out over the horizons, patrolling down to the Horn of
:06:35. > :06:44.
:06:44. > :06:54.Africa. INAUDIBLE. Flying, the Australians record every vessel in
:06:54. > :07:03.
:07:03. > :07:08.a designated a search area. We are taking photos... INAUDIBLE. Like
:07:08. > :07:13.these two fishing boats we saw, film on the plane's electronic
:07:13. > :07:18.camera. Something about them made the Australian suspicious. The
:07:18. > :07:22.pictures are beamed back to headquarters on land. If pirates
:07:22. > :07:29.were confirmed on board, a warship would investigate. What happens
:07:29. > :07:34.when the ship is approached by pirates? On land in Dubai, this is
:07:34. > :07:42.UK Maritime Trade Operations, the UK's link with merchant shipping.
:07:42. > :07:47.Are they following year at the moment? This ship e-mailed them a
:07:47. > :07:53.photo of the pirates following them. A crew that does get captured, and
:07:53. > :08:00.attack is terrifying. They are going to be in a massive panic.
:08:00. > :08:06.They are going to be hiding. Sometimes they lock themselves into
:08:06. > :08:12.the ship. This tiny room inside the British Embassy is the nerve centre
:08:12. > :08:18.for the charter piracy operation against Somali pirates. It goes out
:08:18. > :08:22.to all the navies in the region. The whole area is huge. It is 2
:08:22. > :08:27.million square miles. There are 4,000 vessels out there, those are
:08:27. > :08:32.just the ones they know about. They cannot stop the attacks entirely.
:08:32. > :08:37.Often it is too late. Once pirate state control of the ship, the crew
:08:37. > :08:42.become hostages. Without the international patrol aircraft, even
:08:42. > :08:49.more sailors would be targeted. patrol aircraft in this region are
:08:49. > :08:55.a crucial part of the jigsaw. The contributors are far and wide. We
:08:55. > :09:00.have Japanese, we have them from every other contributor as well.
:09:00. > :09:10.The reason they are so vital is because of the distances involved.
:09:10. > :09:10.
:09:10. > :09:15.They can cover the required areas, they have the ability to report to
:09:15. > :09:23.surface units he can affect disruption. Pirate success rates
:09:23. > :09:29.are coming down. They are now attacking further afield. They are
:09:29. > :09:35.resilient, they are determined, they are performing to a very
:09:35. > :09:38.lucrative business model. If I was a pirate, I would rather hope for
:09:38. > :09:43.complacency on departure of the International Committee. Successful
:09:43. > :09:50.attacks have been reduced. -- international community.
:09:50. > :09:55.everyone agrees the solution is not at sea, it is on land. Until that
:09:55. > :09:59.happens, sailors risk of death to this multi- billion pounds business.
:09:59. > :10:04.When the mafia make you an offer you cannot refuse, you usually pay
:10:04. > :10:08.up. One town in southern Italy has been bucking the trend. For
:10:08. > :10:14.generations the Camorra preyed on the people around Naples, forcing
:10:15. > :10:20.small businesses of all kind to pay protection money. As Alan Johnston
:10:20. > :10:27.has been finding out, the people of Ercolano have stirred up to the man
:10:27. > :10:36.of the mafia. She is an unlikely heroine. Everything that happened
:10:36. > :10:41.here began with this lady. One day the Camorra came calling. Gangsters
:10:41. > :10:46.walk into this clothes shop. As so often in this town, they demanded
:10:46. > :10:54.protection money. Raffaella Ottaviano would not pay.
:10:54. > :11:03.TRANSLATION: I told them. I do not want to have anything to do with
:11:03. > :11:09.you. I do not want you to step forward in my shop. Never come back.
:11:09. > :11:16.In these streets, Vera kept people quiet. But Raffaella Ottaviano
:11:16. > :11:22.broke the silence. She went to the police, they arrested the gangsters
:11:22. > :11:29.and protected her. Gradually, others began speaking out as well.
:11:29. > :11:34.Today, more than 80 businesses refuse to pay the Camorra. Saying
:11:34. > :11:39.no to the thugs who come to demand your money takes real courage. That
:11:39. > :11:47.is what shop owners are doing. They are breaking the power of the mafia
:11:47. > :11:56.clans in this area. What happened to this once thriving restaurant
:11:57. > :12:02.reveals how dangerous it can be to defy the Camorra. Raffaele Rossi
:12:02. > :12:09.was shot at and his business PHI bond. He says he will rebuild and
:12:09. > :12:17.re- opened. -- firebombed. He says he will never pay the gangsters.
:12:17. > :12:22.TRANSLATION: We are humbled. We are human. We cannot deny the fear that
:12:22. > :12:30.we feel even today the stock we do have to destroy this kind of
:12:30. > :12:36.pressure. -- today. In this place, brave shopkeepers, the police and
:12:36. > :12:42.local councillors have worked together. There has been many
:12:42. > :12:48.arrests. These people are facing down the gangsters. Now it is hoped
:12:48. > :12:58.that other mafia played towns in Italy might draw on the experience
:12:58. > :13:03.
:13:03. > :13:07.of Ercolano. The place that said no Polio is one of the world's oldest
:13:07. > :13:12.and most crippling diseases. Scientists believe they could be
:13:12. > :13:17.close to eradicating it altogether. It mainly affects children under
:13:17. > :13:27.the age of five. India has now been polio free for just over one year
:13:27. > :13:33.as a result of immunisations. Two drops is all it takes to
:13:33. > :13:38.prevent polio. Imagine repeating that 170 million times, tracking
:13:38. > :13:43.down every young child across India and you begin to get an idea of
:13:43. > :13:48.what it has taken to get rid of polio here. The mark on the finger
:13:48. > :13:52.shows they have received the vaccine. What has been achieved is
:13:52. > :13:57.remarkable. India wants hat will polio cases than anywhere else but
:13:57. > :14:03.political will, resources and dedication have finally wipe it out
:14:03. > :14:08.-- India once had more polio cases than anywhere else. The volunteers
:14:08. > :14:14.here are from Britain, members of a global network of professionals.
:14:14. > :14:19.Rhodri has been at the forefront of the fight against polio for a
:14:19. > :14:25.generation, raising awareness. -- rotary. We have done it with
:14:25. > :14:31.smallpox, we should be able to do it with polio. I vaccinate dailies
:14:31. > :14:38.every day and coming here and doing this is an extension of that. I'm
:14:38. > :14:46.really love people and I want to see healthy children worldwide.
:14:46. > :14:49.This hospital still has a backlog of patients paralysed by polio.
:14:49. > :14:57.Muhammad caught polio as a baby and will need repeated surgery before
:14:57. > :15:05.he can work -- Walker with the aid of callipers. It is painful to see
:15:05. > :15:10.the suffering. There is so much stick love. If the world could be
:15:10. > :15:16.rid of polio, that would be the greatest thing. Polio used to
:15:16. > :15:21.spread of fire contaminated water and raw sewage. -- spread it as a
:15:22. > :15:28.result of. India has shown that global eradication is possible but
:15:28. > :15:33.the war is not won yet. India's paly own free status is under
:15:33. > :15:38.threat. Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria also an increase in cases
:15:38. > :15:43.last year. This virus respects no borders. That is why it is vital
:15:43. > :15:49.mass immunisation campaigns like this continue until every child in
:15:49. > :15:54.every country is protected. Poorly run immunisation programmes and
:15:54. > :15:59.families who refuse the vaccine by what is preventing those countries
:15:59. > :16:07.from match in India's success. It will take unswerving commitment if
:16:07. > :16:11.this disabling disease is to be consigned to history.
:16:11. > :16:16.The floods in December in the south of the Philippines killed more than
:16:16. > :16:21.1,000 people and caused widespread devastation. Many survivors are
:16:21. > :16:28.still homeless and living in temporary shelters. It is now clear
:16:28. > :16:37.that deforestation caused much of the disruption despite government
:16:37. > :16:47.regulation preventing many trees from being cut down. The yonks that
:16:47. > :16:48.
:16:48. > :16:52.destroyed the town are now being used to rebuild it. -- logs. Here,
:16:52. > :17:02.there is a growing realisation that it was not the water but the long
:17:02. > :17:03.
:17:03. > :17:09.it brought with it that was the biggest killer. -- logs. If we have
:17:09. > :17:14.something like 750 people who died, maybe half of those lives were
:17:14. > :17:18.caused by a beech tree trunks. than 1,000 people died when the
:17:18. > :17:23.tropical storm hit in December. The rivers burst their banks and cut
:17:23. > :17:28.trees smashed into people's homes. The President has banned all
:17:28. > :17:38.lobbying in the Philippines but it depends on where you live as to how
:17:38. > :17:39.
:17:39. > :17:43.strictly it is enforced. -- logging. Here, it is almost impossible to
:17:43. > :17:50.get a permit but upstream, where much of the debris came from, it is
:17:50. > :17:55.much easier. We travelled into the mountains. Rebel groups operate
:17:55. > :17:59.here. Central government's ability to enforce the law is weak. At a
:17:59. > :18:08.local sawmill, villagers spoke openly about their dependence on
:18:08. > :18:14.illegal logging. This woman says she sees big companies doing it
:18:14. > :18:18.anyway. What her community is doing is only small scale. He says he has
:18:18. > :18:23.got to support his family. He has got no other choice but to keep
:18:23. > :18:28.cutting down trees. And so it continues. This consignment was
:18:28. > :18:34.only caught because the vehicle was involved in a traffic accident.
:18:34. > :18:40.Inside, mahogany. It is worth nearly $10,000. The police say they
:18:40. > :18:45.are doing their best but for local campaigners, that is still not good
:18:45. > :18:50.enough. Here, we have very good policies. A number of them. Very
:18:50. > :18:56.good policies but the problem is the implementation. Those who lost
:18:56. > :19:03.their homes in the floods now live in temporary campsites. For them,
:19:03. > :19:10.life changed overnight. Stopping of the loggers is going to take much
:19:10. > :19:15.longer. Now for a scientific experiment in
:19:15. > :19:18.listing some very special sea lions in Canada. The mammals are dying
:19:18. > :19:28.out and to find out why, some of them have been fitted with special
:19:28. > :19:33.
:19:33. > :19:41.cameras and tracking equipment. Hazy this the line. She is no
:19:41. > :19:45.ordinary sea lion. She is not just a performing seal, she is the first
:19:45. > :19:50.sea lion in the world to be taught voice commands and hand signals so
:19:50. > :19:54.she can work with scientists. It has taken years of patient effort.
:19:54. > :20:00.We spend a lot of time with the animals and it is very important to
:20:00. > :20:06.have that bond of trust. Sometimes we spend more time with them and
:20:06. > :20:10.than our own families. She and her kind are dying out and no-one knows
:20:10. > :20:17.why. Canadian researchers are fitting and three other animals
:20:17. > :20:21.with tracking equipment and cameras. She does not seem bothered. Hazy is
:20:21. > :20:25.taking on her own personal speedboat to the fjords of British
:20:25. > :20:30.Columbia. The icy waters are more than one mile deep. It is the
:20:30. > :20:35.perfect place to study how she hafts her food. Time to put her to
:20:35. > :20:42.the test. Using this equipment, researchers hope to learn more
:20:42. > :20:47.about what happens when she goes under the water. She finds her way
:20:47. > :20:51.into an enclosure just underneath the platform. Pieces of fish are
:20:51. > :20:57.pushed down a pipe that goes right down to the bottom of the water and
:20:57. > :21:02.then... The sense saws that measure precisely the amount of energy she
:21:02. > :21:05.uses and she's been so downwards to catch the fish. They have
:21:05. > :21:11.discovered it is much harder for her to feed it closer to the
:21:11. > :21:15.surface - one clue as to why her kind are dying out. We have learned
:21:15. > :21:20.that you really understand their daily life, you have to spend 24
:21:20. > :21:25.hours with them per day to find out what time of the year is critical
:21:25. > :21:31.for them, how they operate. Here, we are getting into the hands of
:21:31. > :21:36.the sea lions. For the first time, researchers are looking at the