:00:20. > :00:23.Masters. Now it is time for Reporters.
:00:23. > :00:26.On the 30th anniversary of the Falklands War, John Simpson tests
:00:26. > :00:29.the mood in Argentina where the government has renewed its claim on
:00:29. > :00:31.the island. We have a special report on the mysterious nodding
:00:31. > :00:37.disease that is affecting children across parts of Uganda and
:00:37. > :00:40.devastating their families. We travelled to Germany to hear a
:00:40. > :00:50.choir that has survived famine and politics and is still going strong
:00:50. > :00:51.
:00:51. > :00:54.after 800 years. Welcome to Reporters.
:00:54. > :00:59.30 years ago Britain and Argentina went to war over the Falkland
:00:59. > :01:04.Islands. The ruling Argentine military junta at the time stunned
:01:05. > :01:10.the world when it landed troops at Port Stanley. Britain retaliated by
:01:10. > :01:16.sending a naval task force to reclaim the territory. After 2.5
:01:16. > :01:24.months the war ended in defeat for Argentina. Both countries mark the
:01:24. > :01:26.anniversary of the conflict. Early morning in Buenos Aires, the
:01:27. > :01:36.elegant, understated memorial to more than 600 Argentine dead in the
:01:37. > :01:38.
:01:38. > :01:44.war is about to open. Miguel Angel is waiting to pay his respects to
:01:44. > :01:54.friends and comrades. 30 years on he muses, so many lives lost for no
:01:54. > :01:54.
:01:54. > :02:00.reason. It was not worth a single life. Argentina's only real success
:02:00. > :02:08.came from the air, they knocked out several British ships. Captain
:02:08. > :02:11.Armando Mayora was one of the pilots who sank HMS Sheffield.
:02:11. > :02:21.TRANSLATION: I'm sorry that 22 Britons died. It was as
:02:21. > :02:21.
:02:21. > :02:26.professionals. We had to do our job. That caused casualties. After 30
:02:26. > :02:36.years attitudes remain unchanged. The students at a Buenos Aires bar
:02:36. > :02:43.were not even born then, but they think the same way. She says the
:02:43. > :02:50.Malvinas are Argentine and were taken from us by an empire. He
:02:50. > :02:59.agrees, the Malvinas are still part of our country. Will there be
:02:59. > :03:06.another war over the Falklands? Yes or no? Argentina could not do it
:03:06. > :03:08.anyway. Ever since the collapse of the military regime here after the
:03:08. > :03:13.Falklands War, successive civilian governments have been cutting back
:03:13. > :03:19.savagely on military spending. No new planes for 30 years, just
:03:19. > :03:26.enough money to pay the wages. This is a country that has chosen to
:03:26. > :03:35.disarm itself. It is now conducting a diplomatic war to try and get the
:03:36. > :03:39.islands. A political ally for the government thinks it is a success.
:03:39. > :03:45.It is the first time that all of Latin America is in some way with
:03:45. > :03:50.Argentina in this claim. This is really important for Argentina to
:03:50. > :03:57.show that all South America is supporting Argentina in this claim.
:03:57. > :04:00.The British doubt it. Most Latin American countries are saying
:04:01. > :04:04.quietly, they do not want to get involved. People in Argentina would
:04:04. > :04:06.be mistaken if they thought Britain was retreating from the scene or
:04:07. > :04:13.not interested in the region or weakening in any way to our
:04:13. > :04:16.commitment to the people of the Falkland Islands. Critics of the
:04:16. > :04:19.government think the reason the diplomatic battle is heating up is
:04:19. > :04:26.that Argentina's economy is in trouble and all this provides a
:04:26. > :04:36.useful distraction. But even the critics think the islands belong to
:04:36. > :04:39.
:04:39. > :04:41.Argentina. We can go to a special report from
:04:41. > :04:44.Uganda where a devastating and mysterious disease has been
:04:44. > :04:51.affecting thousands of children. It is called nodding syndrome, it is
:04:51. > :04:55.usually fatal. For the last 15 years no-one has been able to find
:04:55. > :05:04.a cure. We have been to one area, Kitgum, where almost every home has
:05:04. > :05:11.been touched by the illness. At Kitgum hospital desperate families
:05:12. > :05:17.queue for help. These children have been attacked by a debilitating
:05:18. > :05:20.disease. It severely impairs their mental and physical development.
:05:21. > :05:30.This 13-year-old can hardly stand as he has frequent seizures and can
:05:31. > :05:33.
:05:33. > :05:40.barely utter a word. The disease has struck in South Sudan and
:05:40. > :05:50.Tanzania. Cases were documented 50 years ago. The scientists are
:05:50. > :05:53.
:05:53. > :05:56.baffled. They do not know what causes it and have not come up with
:05:56. > :06:04.a cure. In the wards, badly burned children, they had seizures when
:06:04. > :06:09.close to a cooking fire and were unable to move. Some are in
:06:09. > :06:19.critical status. They are unable to eat, unable to walk. If they are
:06:19. > :06:22.
:06:22. > :06:25.not brought to the hospital they are likely to die. Driving through
:06:25. > :06:32.these villages in Kitgum district, it is staggering how widespread the
:06:32. > :06:38.problem is. Every home we have stopped at the parents have said
:06:39. > :06:48.one or more of their children have been affected. This region was
:06:49. > :06:51.
:06:51. > :06:54.ravaged by war for years. The lasting legacy is deep poverty.
:06:54. > :06:57.Many parents cannot afford to get their children to a health clinic.
:06:57. > :07:04.For those suffering from nodding syndrome, the attacks tend to kick
:07:04. > :07:09.in at meal times. They quickly go into a trance-like state. Their
:07:09. > :07:12.mother has seen the disease rob her of two children. She tells me she
:07:12. > :07:22.looks after them like flowers in the home, knowing they are no use
:07:22. > :07:23.
:07:23. > :07:32.to the family in the future. People pray their own children do not
:07:32. > :07:34.succumb. With no remedy this disease stalks the community.
:07:34. > :07:43.Britain's Royal Air Force began an intensive training programme for
:07:43. > :07:46.its pilots in the US learning to fly drones. Believe it or not,
:07:46. > :07:56.British drones in Afghanistan are controlled from a base in New
:07:56. > :07:57.
:07:57. > :08:03.Mexico because European laws prevent it being done from UK soil.
:08:03. > :08:10.The pilots learn on simulations a lot like video games.
:08:10. > :08:13.Around the world countries are scrambling for the technology. This
:08:13. > :08:21.is how British and American forces are teaching a new generation of
:08:21. > :08:23.Top Guns to fight an aerial war from the ground. In New Mexico,
:08:23. > :08:31.trainers are using simulators to teach pilots how to fight long
:08:31. > :08:38.distance wars. Billions are spent every year building and developing
:08:38. > :08:41.the latest high-technology drones. Hundreds of pilots are being
:08:41. > :08:51.trained every year to prepare for a new generation of war, thousands of
:08:51. > :08:53.
:08:53. > :08:56.miles away by remote control. are looking at the front of the
:08:57. > :09:01.aeroplane and this is the heart and soul of the system. Is this the
:09:01. > :09:03.future? This is not robot wars. There is a person controlling it.
:09:03. > :09:13.Little consolation to protesters in Pakistan who say civilians are
:09:13. > :09:14.
:09:14. > :09:17.killed and oppose America's covert CIA strikes and assassinations.
:09:17. > :09:25.is a complete black hole. Civilians do not know if they are going to be
:09:25. > :09:27.targeted the next day. Are they standing next to someone who is a
:09:27. > :09:31.target? These are unanswered questions. We need more
:09:31. > :09:38.accountability and transparency. Military commanders say drones are
:09:38. > :09:46.like any other manned aircraft with high standards of training. We do
:09:46. > :09:51.everything in our power to minimise civilian casualties. We train the
:09:51. > :10:01.crews to recognise elements on the ground. We bind everything we do to
:10:01. > :10:06.
:10:06. > :10:09.rules of engagement. Drones are controversial. How they are used,
:10:09. > :10:16.who they target and where. Moral and legal debates which will
:10:16. > :10:26.increase the more they are used in It is one month since Vladimir
:10:26. > :10:26.
:10:26. > :10:29.Putin was re-elected Russia's President. Ever since his victory
:10:29. > :10:39.the anti-government street protests which have dominated life in Moscow
:10:39. > :10:39.
:10:39. > :10:42.seem to have petered out. Russian people's interest in politics has
:10:42. > :10:46.not disappeared, they are finding other ways to put pressure on the
:10:46. > :10:50.authorities. A boxing hall might seem an odd place for a municipal
:10:50. > :10:56.council meeting, this one is about to become a bit of a battleground.
:10:56. > :10:59.First, they argue over who gets to be the chairman. The man with the
:10:59. > :11:09.microphone represents the old guard. He says he is in charge. His
:11:09. > :11:12.opponents do not agree. They are part of a new wave of opposition
:11:12. > :11:15.activists who are getting elected in Moscow at municipal level and
:11:15. > :11:20.trying to change the way politics is done. The party in power is
:11:20. > :11:25.about to bite back, quite literally. This is Vladimir Garnachuk's first
:11:25. > :11:35.experience of local politics. He did not expect to be bitten at his
:11:35. > :11:38.
:11:38. > :11:40.first council meeting. It is getting rather chaotic. District
:11:41. > :11:47.councils like this one have few powers. But Russians are getting
:11:47. > :11:50.interested in politics on their doorsteps. A few months ago
:11:50. > :11:54.government meetings in Russia attracted little attention and few
:11:54. > :12:02.visitors. Now Russians interest in politics is much greater. This is
:12:02. > :12:09.people power at the grassroots level. Away from the council
:12:09. > :12:12.chamber, Vladimir Garnachuk campaigns on local issues. Opposite
:12:12. > :12:15.a school the authorities plan to change this building into a centre
:12:15. > :12:20.for drug addicts. He is trying to stop the project. He never planned
:12:20. > :12:30.to go into politics. TRANSLATION: I had never even heard of municipal
:12:30. > :12:34.
:12:34. > :12:37.councils. When the street protests began after the rigged
:12:37. > :12:39.parliamentary election I read on Facebook that new people should run
:12:39. > :12:44.for office. It is not only by becoming councillors that Russians
:12:44. > :12:49.are trying to change their country. Close to Moscow people have been
:12:49. > :12:53.protesting against the destruction of the local forest. The trees are
:12:53. > :12:56.being cut down for a new road. It is an issue that has brought big
:12:56. > :13:06.crowds on to the streets of the small town. A sign that Russians
:13:06. > :13:10.
:13:10. > :13:15.are determined to make their voices heard. Istanbul is one of the
:13:15. > :13:19.world's of this city's and with 15 million inhabitants it is one of
:13:20. > :13:26.the most crowded. The arrow- straight that divides the city and
:13:26. > :13:36.connects the Black Sea has been Istanbul's rubbish dump for years.
:13:36. > :13:42.-- the narrow Strait. The busy waters of the Bosphorus. Good for a
:13:42. > :13:47.spot of fishing, maybe sailing. Diving? There is little beauty
:13:47. > :13:56.under the surface of this most open coastline. These divers are not
:13:56. > :14:02.looking for colourful fish, they are after something much easier to
:14:02. > :14:06.find, rubbish. After every dive they amass quite a collection. The
:14:06. > :14:16.idea is not to clean up the Bosphorus, but to draw public
:14:16. > :14:19.attention to what they have dumped in the sea. It is to show the
:14:19. > :14:29.people that when they throw something to the sea it cannot be
:14:29. > :14:30.
:14:30. > :14:39.destroyed by itself. The people can see easily, they can hold it, they
:14:39. > :14:44.can smell it. There is no surprise there is plenty of pollution in the
:14:44. > :14:49.waterway. The threat posed to the Bosphorus by the ships that sale on
:14:49. > :14:54.its surface is just as great as the people who live along its shores.
:14:54. > :15:03.As the only route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean the buzz
:15:03. > :15:13.phrase is used by ships of all sizes. -- Bosphorus. The tankers
:15:13. > :15:18.
:15:18. > :15:22.door of the waterside houses and pose a pollution has said. -- dwarf.
:15:22. > :15:28.The government have proposed a new canal, but this would take many
:15:29. > :15:35.years to complete if it even got started. The city relies on more
:15:35. > :15:42.modest means to keep the Bosphorus tidy. A kind of floating vacuum-
:15:42. > :15:52.cleaner designed and made in Turkey. Its impact is limited. Its presence
:15:52. > :15:54.
:15:54. > :16:00.reminds his -- Istanbul's people of the vulnerability of the Channel.
:16:00. > :16:10.She is one of the most famous ships in the world. The Mary Rose was the
:16:10. > :16:11.
:16:11. > :16:21.flagship of Henry VIII's Nadir. A $55 million project will tell us
:16:21. > :16:25.
:16:25. > :16:28.even more. The Mary Rose, as many of us remember her. Seen through a
:16:28. > :16:31.mist of water and preservative, only accessible to the conservation
:16:31. > :16:38.team. All that will soon change. Mary Rose has been hidden away for
:16:38. > :16:41.two years behind HMS Victory. Conservation teams have been
:16:41. > :16:45.wrestling with the unique problem, how to develop a new museum around
:16:45. > :16:55.a ship above a Grade 1 listed dock while continuing to treat the
:16:55. > :17:19.
:17:19. > :17:22.ancient timbers? Week by week, things like these arrows are being
:17:22. > :17:25.prepared for the museum. We remove the air from the chamber so we have
:17:25. > :17:27.low pressure. Under those conditions we can safely move water
:17:27. > :17:30.from these objects without changing the shape of the objects.
:17:30. > :17:39.Eventually around 14,000 items will be on display. This collection
:17:39. > :17:49.specialist has spent 20 years cataloguing them. I can smell tar.
:17:49. > :17:51.
:17:51. > :18:01.It has helped preserve the rope. Wooden longbows, shoes, personal
:18:01. > :18:04.belongings. You can see some of the nits in that one. You can see one
:18:04. > :18:07.of the gold coins recovered. This was a gold angel. How much would it
:18:07. > :18:17.be worth? It is very difficult to put values on things. For insurance
:18:17. > :18:25.purposes probably around �50,000. It is not just a ship, life-and-
:18:25. > :18:28.death 500 years ago. The Mary Rose was built here 500 years ago. The
:18:28. > :18:38.museum will reunite Mary Rose with her contents for the first time
:18:38. > :18:52.
:18:52. > :18:54.since she sank. Breathing new life into the ship and her crew. There
:18:55. > :18:58.are not many institutions on their 800th birthday that can still claim
:18:58. > :19:01.to be going strong. This choir in Germany is one. The choir of St
:19:01. > :19:11.Thomas Church was founded in 1212 and it is celebrating its
:19:11. > :19:12.
:19:12. > :19:20.anniversary. One of the choir masters was Johann Sebastian Bach.
:19:20. > :19:30.It is a lot of history, in 1212 a monastery was created in Leipzig. A
:19:30. > :19:32.
:19:32. > :19:40.school for boys was attached. They were to be trained to become
:19:40. > :19:46.priests and they would sing. They still sing, 800 years later the
:19:46. > :19:51.music of Bach, who is buried in the same church. He was the choirmaster
:19:51. > :19:55.from 1733-1750. Today there are 92 boys aged between 9-18. They sing
:19:55. > :20:05.for their supper and education. They get up at 6am, shoes shined,
:20:05. > :20:10.
:20:10. > :20:14.faces are bright, the nails are clean. The older boys inspect the
:20:14. > :20:24.younger ones. Sometimes the little ones have trouble at school, so
:20:24. > :20:39.
:20:39. > :20:43.they come to the older ones. Altner is one of the people who
:20:43. > :20:46.runs the choir, the same choir in which he sang himself as a boy in
:20:46. > :20:54.the old East Germany. I was proud to go through this origin and get
:20:54. > :20:59.the chance to train the choir. Leipzig was bombed in the war the
:20:59. > :21:07.choir continued to perform in the ruins. Under Communism times it
:21:07. > :21:17.toured the West. In 800 years of this choir has kept on going