:00:05. > :00:15.prosecutor disagreed. Those are the headlines. Now it is
:00:15. > :00:25.
:00:25. > :00:33.Humphrey Hawksley reports from Eastern Congo where illegally mined
:00:33. > :00:38.precious metals could be funding a rebel militias. Canada's black gold,
:00:38. > :00:43.a 21st century oil bonanza. And four years after the Olympic Games
:00:43. > :00:47.in Beijing, David Bond asks what difference the game is made to
:00:47. > :00:54.China. Hello and welcome to this edition
:00:54. > :00:59.of Reporters. Mining companies are being challenged to end the trade
:00:59. > :01:05.in what are known as conflict minerals. Critics say such trade
:01:05. > :01:12.helps fuel bloodshed in central Africa. A system of traceability
:01:12. > :01:17.needs to be implemented. They were students rights violations have
:01:17. > :01:27.been in the Democratic Republic of Congo. -- the worst human rights
:01:27. > :01:27.
:01:27. > :01:32.violations. The children off now more highly are mining for gold.
:01:32. > :01:41.They are hoping to trap fragments in the water. -- the children of
:01:41. > :01:47.Nyam Mahali. The community sees this as the only way to earn money.
:01:47. > :01:53.This man is 48 and has four children. He has word here all his
:01:53. > :02:00.night. We need money to support her family. The work here is very tough.
:02:00. > :02:05.What else can we do? Now even this is under threat because the gold
:02:05. > :02:12.from here is a conflict mineral. Its profits have been used to fund
:02:12. > :02:22.wars that have killed millions. Fausten has found some of the
:02:22. > :02:26.
:02:26. > :02:30.precious metal. It is gold, he says. And there are now moves to ban all
:02:30. > :02:40.mining like this. America has passed a law that deters companies
:02:40. > :02:40.
:02:40. > :02:46.from using it. The laws that are preventing foreign companies from
:02:46. > :02:50.buying gold are putting people into trouble. 1,000's gold is now in
:02:50. > :02:57.this old film container. To comply with the new rules, its exact
:02:57. > :03:02.origins would have to be tapped. From here, Gold begins its journey
:03:02. > :03:06.around the world. It underwrites the wealth of Nations and is a
:03:06. > :03:13.symbol for prosperity and success. Very little of that is reflected in
:03:13. > :03:18.this village. The people of at the bottom of the supply chain. Most
:03:18. > :03:26.gold is smuggled out of Congo to neighbouring countries. The roads
:03:26. > :03:32.are appalling. The borders are food. -- fluid. One of the black market
:03:32. > :03:38.destinations is Uganda. Even a legitimate dealer is not sure where
:03:38. > :03:45.his gold supply East origin made. We are not finding any problems
:03:45. > :03:51.with the gold. Even in Congo and Tanzania. It can come from
:03:51. > :04:00.anywhere? Years. You don't know when it comes from? Yes. It is not
:04:00. > :04:05.only jewellery. As you can see, this is gold. Gold is vital for
:04:05. > :04:12.gadgets. It is a resilient conductor of electricity. Laptops,
:04:12. > :04:21.phones, wireless internet equipment, a possible link with killing and
:04:21. > :04:28.exploitation that goes right into our homes. It is chaos. That is why
:04:28. > :04:35.everybody who is human should say "no, we're going to put an end to
:04:35. > :04:40.this". We can make this business more human. In Congo, soldiers keep
:04:40. > :04:48.a fragile peace. The Government says it wants to clear up the gold
:04:48. > :04:58.business so that profits do not fund violence. It comes at a price.
:04:58. > :04:58.
:04:58. > :05:04.The Nyam Mahali mind is part of the reputation. The miners fear or this
:05:04. > :05:08.will cost them part of their livelihood. Much of the world is
:05:08. > :05:13.facing economic slowdown and recession. Parts of Canada are
:05:13. > :05:17.enjoying a boom. That boom is fuelled by the mining of oil. The
:05:17. > :05:21.country has the third largest reserves globally and those are
:05:21. > :05:28.being exploited on a vast scale. Environmentalists say the
:05:28. > :05:33.development is happening too fast. Katty Kay went to the province of
:05:33. > :05:38.Alberta, where many of those reserves live. The breathtaking
:05:38. > :05:42.beauty of the Rocky Mountains. There is something wholesome,
:05:42. > :05:47.pristine, quintessentially pure about this country's image. This is
:05:47. > :05:53.the Canada that you might not think of. Dirty, industrial, focused on
:05:53. > :05:58.proper. Welcome to the world's newest petro-state and the changing
:05:58. > :06:06.country. Canadians have oil, lots of it. It is buried here in the
:06:06. > :06:15.windy Sanz of northern Alberta. -- sands. People are using more and
:06:15. > :06:20.more fuel. The Canadians are developing these sands at
:06:20. > :06:25.breathtaking speed. Digging out the sand and taking out the oil is
:06:25. > :06:31.complicated. It used to be too expensive. New technology has
:06:31. > :06:39.brought the cost of production down. Profits are up. This lucrative mins
:06:39. > :06:43.Date brings investors in from all around the world. -- Women state.
:06:43. > :06:48.Mitchell that a Manon is a long way from home. She came here from the
:06:48. > :06:57.Philippines. -- Mucharata Minong. This tiny woman drives a monster
:06:57. > :07:03.truck in the minds. -- mines. home every year. I can go anywhere
:07:03. > :07:09.I want. I can buy anything I need. I am supporting my family and my
:07:09. > :07:16.relatives. It has changed my life, compared to what I made as a nanny.
:07:16. > :07:21.The oil has created a modern-day gold rush. The local town of Fort
:07:21. > :07:27.McMurray has doubled in size in the last decade. You can almost see the
:07:27. > :07:32.horses and saloons through the dust. For people like Ann Dort-Mclean,
:07:32. > :07:36.the speed of development has alarming environmental consequences.
:07:36. > :07:40.You have to worry about the wildlife and the Footprint we are
:07:40. > :07:44.leaving on the land and how that is affecting the caribou or the docks
:07:44. > :07:50.of the migratory birds. It is also the greenhouse gas emissions. --
:07:50. > :07:54.ducks. The sustainability of the environment. Some of these concerns
:07:54. > :08:01.are addressed in a new form of extraction that does not distort
:08:01. > :08:07.the landscape as much. These mines are less ugly. They need be more
:08:07. > :08:12.harmful, emitting even more greenhouse gases. -- they might be.
:08:12. > :08:18.We need to take steps to minimise the environmental footprints. Or
:08:18. > :08:25.what the last few years, we have tried to decrease the steam to oil
:08:25. > :08:29.ratio. Emissions are dropping. Environmentalists worry that
:08:29. > :08:34.leaving this to the goodwill of oil companies is a risky strategy.
:08:34. > :08:43.Canada has a bad record on the issue of climate change. No
:08:43. > :08:50.policies have been put into place, particularly around oil and gas.
:08:50. > :08:57.consumers were conflicted, we want our oil cheap, plentiful and clean.
:08:57. > :09:01.Unfortunately, those demands are not compatible.
:09:01. > :09:06.Taking prescription pills is for some people in America just a way
:09:06. > :09:12.of life. For every conceivable ailment, there is a drug that
:09:12. > :09:14.promises a quick fix. Pain relief is big business. Many people asked
:09:14. > :09:19.doctors for dropped without understanding their addictive
:09:19. > :09:29.nature. Once hooked, some people turn to backstreet dealers or crime
:09:29. > :09:36.
:09:36. > :09:40.to feed their habit. Laura Rich Elassar reflects on all he
:09:40. > :09:45.lost through his addiction to prescription painkillers. His
:09:45. > :09:50.marriage ended and his business collapsed as his craving for the
:09:50. > :09:56.pills increased. In the morning I needed 10 percocet Chesterfield
:09:57. > :10:01.normal. Affected but have them, I would not be able to get up. As his
:10:01. > :10:06.addiction spiralled, he spent $1,500 a week buying bills from
:10:06. > :10:11.dealers. The rock bottom part of my life was when I found myself one
:10:11. > :10:21.morning at realising that I had no money, no-one would lend me the
:10:21. > :10:27.money. It burnt all those pictures. I needed to get those pills. What
:10:28. > :10:30.could lead to? I heard how is it was to rob a bank and I did it.
:10:30. > :10:34.many Americans are addicted to prescription painkillers. But
:10:34. > :10:40.communities like this one are feeling the effect. Addicts are
:10:40. > :10:44.desperate to feed their habit. They have started to rub pharmacies.
:10:44. > :10:49.the advice of the Drug Enforcement Agency, I no longer carry these
:10:49. > :10:54.drugs have high abuse. Howard Levine's pharmacy was robbed twice
:10:54. > :11:00.at gunpoint by an addict. He says the fundamental problem is doctors
:11:00. > :11:05.prescribing too many painkillers. think the epidemic is clear. People
:11:05. > :11:09.are being over prescribed, over medicated. We as a country in the
:11:09. > :11:14.US have the highest uses of oxycodone, hydrocodone in the
:11:14. > :11:19.entire world. I would like to know when we became the most painful
:11:19. > :11:23.nation in the entire world? We have become a Society of Wusses.
:11:23. > :11:29.medicine cabinets throughout America, and used painkillers
:11:29. > :11:34.create a ready supply of pills waiting to be stolen or sold.
:11:34. > :11:38.was prescribed a quantity of 60 and there is probably around 50 left in
:11:38. > :11:43.the bottle. This police man sees the consequences of over
:11:43. > :11:47.prescription. It is a nationwide problem but has become an epidemic
:11:47. > :11:53.in suburbia. More people are becoming addicted to these pain
:11:53. > :11:57.medicines. The doctor says it stops your cravings. Richard is weaning
:11:57. > :12:05.himself of his addiction, taking medication to stop his withdrawal
:12:05. > :12:11.symptoms. He is rebuilding his life there. -- his life.
:12:11. > :12:17.To speed up met a's ball back from Afghanistan, the new army has been
:12:17. > :12:20.handed responsibility for procuring the equipment it needs. But a
:12:20. > :12:26.decision by the Afghans to scrap an American contract for making boots
:12:27. > :12:31.has thrown the whole process into confusion.
:12:31. > :12:36.Afghan boots on the ground. Searching for Taliban roadside
:12:36. > :12:43.bombs. As NATO pulls back, the Afghan army is taking over the lead.
:12:43. > :12:47.It's a huge challenge. Western forces had handed over the business
:12:47. > :12:56.of the quipping thousands of new recruits. Everything from belts to
:12:56. > :13:00.Boots. At the factory there was making the boots, this -- there is
:13:00. > :13:07.confusion. The Afghan Defence Ministry has cancelled the contract
:13:07. > :13:11.the Americans gave them. We were given a chance through the US
:13:11. > :13:17.government and we made it. We showed them that Afghanistan can
:13:17. > :13:27.make quality products. What you think this says? That the contract
:13:27. > :13:33.has been taken away? You can see what is happening. Only 38 workers
:13:33. > :13:37.are left out of 150. This is how the factory looked months ago when
:13:37. > :13:44.there were making hundreds of pairs a day. This is how it looks today.
:13:44. > :13:52.A ghost factory. This is the sign - - arguably a sign of the Afghan
:13:52. > :13:57.government standing on its own feet. But Afghanistan has few large
:13:57. > :14:07.factories like this. With few other jobs around, some workers might
:14:07. > :14:09.
:14:09. > :14:19.even joined the Taliban. Without work Borrie job, we will be going
:14:19. > :14:20.
:14:20. > :14:29.there. -- they will be going there. Maybe they will be going with the
:14:29. > :14:34.Taliban. They are denying reports they are planning to import cheaper
:14:34. > :14:38.bid from China. TRANSLATION: Is two different companies provide the
:14:38. > :14:44.same piece of equipment, we will do the contract to the Afghan company,
:14:44. > :14:48.even if the quality is slightly lower. In the factory is keeping
:14:48. > :14:54.things ticking over for now, but as NATO pulls its boots out of
:14:54. > :14:58.Afghanistan, there are uncertain times ahead.
:14:58. > :15:02.Thousands of workers across Europe are enjoying a new craze which is
:15:02. > :15:07.turning lunchtime in to a short but energetic party atmosphere. They
:15:07. > :15:09.are gathering in dance halls for a quick turn across the floor which
:15:09. > :15:19.the organisers claim that makes workers more productive in the
:15:19. > :15:24.
:15:24. > :15:32.afternoon. Promptly at noon, the disco ball
:15:32. > :15:36.attracts ravers for an hour of bopping. Welcome to Lunch Beat.
:15:36. > :15:41.is becoming a dancing revolution. When you have been working a lot,
:15:41. > :15:45.it is good to take a break. When you come here ad get to dance with
:15:45. > :15:54.other people, it gives you energy. When you come back to work, you are
:15:54. > :15:59.more creative and happier. This dance craze has taken off in Sweden.
:15:59. > :16:05.There are events up in or around the country. It is likely to make
:16:05. > :16:10.inroads into the rest of Europe. Sessions are happening in Serbia,
:16:10. > :16:13.Germany, and Britain. This session featured an internet took up with
:16:13. > :16:19.Stockholm with the concept of not- for-profit parties began. No
:16:19. > :16:23.alcohol was served and everyone is sober. The Deputy Mayor is an
:16:23. > :16:27.advocate of Lunch Beat after seeing improved productivity. Of course I
:16:27. > :16:33.would recommend as for other employers. I see that they're happy
:16:33. > :16:40.when they come back. They seemed more relaxed. It is quite good for
:16:40. > :16:44.them. The Deputy Mayor gauges the reaction of one of his staff.
:16:44. > :16:48.was really fun. It is the first time I have been but it was good.
:16:48. > :16:56.It gives you energy for the rest of your day. Everyone is happily
:16:56. > :17:01.dancing in there. Pour it was such approval, the organisers hope to
:17:01. > :17:08.expand the dense network to countries as diverse as the US and
:17:08. > :17:13.India. Just over two months until London
:17:13. > :17:17.host the Olympic Games. Four years ago it was put -- Beijing's time.
:17:17. > :17:20.The games helped put the spotlight on China but there have been far
:17:20. > :17:30.fewer signs of any legacy from those games on issues like human
:17:30. > :17:33.
:17:33. > :17:38.rights. A sporting legacy from a different
:17:38. > :17:42.age. Tai chi has been practised in China for centuries. Long before
:17:42. > :17:49.the modern Olympics were born. A time when this vast country was
:17:49. > :17:53.less worried about its place in the world. The Beijing Games was
:17:53. > :18:01.supposed to mark a turning point in history. A carefully choreographed
:18:01. > :18:05.display designed to announce modern China's arrival on the global stage.
:18:05. > :18:09.The former gymnast Li Ning was but -- asked to provide a thrilling
:18:09. > :18:19.climax to the opening ceremony. I asked him why the games were so
:18:19. > :18:37.
:18:37. > :18:41.These days, the Bird's Nest Stadium is more prized for its architecture
:18:41. > :18:47.than its sporting credentials. It hosts concerts and occasional
:18:47. > :18:53.exhibition matches but is mostly a tourist attraction. A shrine to
:18:53. > :18:57.Beijing's moment in the spotlight. Inside the Water Cube, these
:18:57. > :19:03.children are among the privileged few learning to swim in one of the
:19:03. > :19:08.Olympic pools. The aquatic Centre has been more successful but it is
:19:08. > :19:13.still eerily decked out with 2008 branding. Away from the iconic
:19:13. > :19:16.Vinnies, there is clear evidence of China's legacy failure. Like other
:19:16. > :19:23.stadiums, the beach volleyball Reena is barely used and has seen
:19:23. > :19:30.better days. -- arena. The Bird's Nest was designed as a lasting
:19:30. > :19:33.symbol of China's emergence as a global superpower. But China also
:19:33. > :19:39.promised the Games would transform the lives of ordinary people. Four
:19:39. > :19:44.years on, there are serious doubts as to whether anything has changed.
:19:44. > :19:50.Some would argue that on human rights, China has gone backwards.
:19:50. > :19:55.The artist and designer of the Bird's Nest Ai Weiwei is one of the
:19:55. > :20:05.Communist government's most vocal critics. The Beijing Olympics will
:20:05. > :20:06.
:20:06. > :20:11.be remembered as the city most quickly been forgotten. If you ask
:20:11. > :20:21.people about the Olympics, people can't really say anything bad about
:20:21. > :20:31.
:20:31. > :20:36.it. Officials here will tell you a Chinese people are still deeply
:20:36. > :20:41.proud of the way Beijing used the Games to send a powerful message to
:20:41. > :20:45.the world. London will not be able to match that but will be