:00:02. > :00:12.Prince Philip to miss the end of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations
:00:12. > :00:21.
:00:21. > :00:26.earlier this week. Now it's time for Reporters. Decision time for
:00:26. > :00:32.Greece as the election campaign enters its final phase. We asked
:00:32. > :00:37.which way will the country go? Fast forward to the future, we climb
:00:37. > :00:44.inside a climatic time-machine as scientists pump carbon dioxide into
:00:44. > :00:54.the Australian forest. We look at why the Japanese are seeking tiny
:00:54. > :00:54.
:00:54. > :01:00.solutions for an enormous housing problem. Welcome to Reporters. The
:01:00. > :01:09.people of Greece have to decide what kind of future they have in
:01:09. > :01:12.the European Union. In the final stages of a crucial election,
:01:12. > :01:15.Syriza and the New Democracy Party are running neck and neck. The
:01:15. > :01:21.choice has forced many to think about what life will be like
:01:21. > :01:27.without the euro. Years of austerity and unemployment levels
:01:27. > :01:33.have been the highest in the country. They land their catch at
:01:33. > :01:39.4AM. These are hard times. As salaries for, the fish is getting
:01:39. > :01:49.harder to sell. It is a buyer's market. This is fertile our
:01:49. > :01:49.
:01:49. > :01:55.electoral territory for the left. They tell him that two years ago or
:01:55. > :02:01.the fish would have been sold by this hour. He says his party will
:02:01. > :02:06.cancel the cuts imposed by the EU. TRANSLATION: We know we are in debt,
:02:06. > :02:11.we honour our debt. Europe must provide for growth, if we cannot
:02:11. > :02:18.reduce we cannot meet our responsibilities. It is not just a
:02:18. > :02:23.Greek problem, it is a European one. Individual Greeks do not feel they
:02:24. > :02:31.have been living high on the hog. She lost her job when the family
:02:31. > :02:37.moved to Bulgaria two years ago. The family live on �600 a month. It
:02:37. > :02:43.is enough to get by, just. There are teenage boys were not get to go
:02:43. > :02:48.to university now. She has always voted Conservative, this time she
:02:48. > :02:55.is voting for Syriza. I have never borrowed money. I have lived within
:02:55. > :02:59.my means like 80% of Greek people. If the politicians owe money, why
:02:59. > :03:05.should we pay? We have all been asleep. I'm voting to change the
:03:05. > :03:11.system. Are they ready to revolt, not just against austerity but the
:03:11. > :03:20.European Union? A Syriza victory could mean being bounced out of the
:03:20. > :03:24.euro. The rest of Europe is saying, you cannot do both. You have to
:03:24. > :03:29.choose. You do not have the democratic right to go on spending
:03:29. > :03:38.other people's money with no clear way of paying it back, even if you
:03:38. > :03:47.vote for that at the ballot box. Greece business has been very real
:03:47. > :03:55.prospect of returning to the drachma. -- has be. This is a rare
:03:55. > :03:59.private sector success story. How will it fare? If Greece gets
:03:59. > :04:07.bounced out of the eurozone, it will send a Greece back 30 years.
:04:07. > :04:14.It will send the Greek people back to poverty. I hate to contemplate
:04:14. > :04:21.this possibility. We are a business. As every business we must do
:04:21. > :04:25.contingency planning. It is an acute and urgent dilemma. The
:04:25. > :04:33.choice they make will have lasting consequences. There is no easy way
:04:33. > :04:38.out. If Greece could rely on just one
:04:38. > :04:47.thing in these hard things then surely it would be the tourism
:04:47. > :04:51.industry. Yet, businesses are in sharp decline. Many fear that
:04:51. > :04:55.prolonged instability could worsen the tourism industry's fortunes and
:04:55. > :05:02.hotel owners say there is a lot of misinformation ruining their
:05:03. > :05:07.business. We report from Zakynthos. In the clear waters around
:05:07. > :05:13.Zakynthos Island, a hidden treasure. Loggerhead turtles gliding through
:05:13. > :05:19.the largest nesting area in the Mediterranean. They draw the crowds,
:05:19. > :05:28.but far fewer now. They are an endangered species, tourism is also
:05:29. > :05:33.under threat. Numbers have plummeted, Brits down by 20%.
:05:33. > :05:41.Zakynthos no longer the first choice for cash-strapped visitors
:05:41. > :05:51.unwary of Greece. A lot of people have decided, they are not going to
:05:51. > :05:57.make the money for October to pay the debts. It is scary for us. I am
:05:57. > :06:02.scared for my children as well. might feel far from the protests of
:06:02. > :06:07.Athens, but Greece's problems are rippling through the islands.
:06:07. > :06:15.Worries over whether Greece will stay in the euro. If you get it
:06:15. > :06:19.here, but tourists are scared off. We have had e-mails asking whether
:06:19. > :06:27.there is going to be enough food for them. Will they be able to
:06:27. > :06:32.leave the country or if the reports will have any problems. This is a
:06:32. > :06:40.big misunderstanding. It needs to be stopped. The country still has
:06:41. > :06:50.its loyal followers, but they are down. The place itself is fantastic.
:06:51. > :06:51.
:06:51. > :06:59.It is like a postcard. They would not come to Greece? Away from the
:06:59. > :07:05.seafront, businesses are suffering badly. Tourism and drying up. This
:07:05. > :07:10.beautiful hotel feels eerily empty. Three of the 38 rooms are occupied.
:07:10. > :07:15.This time last year 20 were taken. This is the cost of Greece's
:07:15. > :07:21.political and financial crisis. The effect on those depending on
:07:22. > :07:28.tourism is becoming dramatic. The bright lights are starting to fade,
:07:28. > :07:35.forcing old ports to slip. Greece must juggle so many problems at
:07:35. > :07:39.once, turning around the Thoresen decline might be the hardest of all.
:07:39. > :07:45.In Australia's the biggest open-air experiment involving carbon dioxide
:07:45. > :07:53.has just begun to see what a -- what affects rising levels of CO2
:07:53. > :07:59.has on our planet. Scientists have erected six giant structures to
:07:59. > :08:09.pump CO2 into the trees. The aim is to see what life could be like in
:08:09. > :08:10.
:08:10. > :08:15.the year 2050. If you go up in this wood today, there will be a big
:08:15. > :08:20.surprise. Several. These are fibreglass structures pumping
:08:21. > :08:29.carbon dioxide into this Forest. It is a simple but unprecedented idea
:08:29. > :08:33.for looking into the future. 20 tons of CO2 a day, racing carbon
:08:33. > :08:38.dioxide over the next year to what scientists expect to be 40 years
:08:38. > :08:44.from now. This is the biggest experiment of its kind anywhere in
:08:44. > :08:54.the world. Six of these massive are raised pumping CO2 into this Forest.
:08:54. > :08:54.
:08:54. > :09:01.-- arrays. In terms of carbon dioxide, this area will be 2050.
:09:01. > :09:11.Carbon dioxide is delivered to these huge tanks in the Forest at
:09:11. > :09:11.
:09:11. > :09:17.the age of Sydney. The ejaculated wind directions. The entire forest
:09:17. > :09:21.will be filled with CO2 to levels 40% above what they are now.
:09:21. > :09:26.Professor David Ellesworth is in charge. Leading a team that hopes
:09:26. > :09:31.to find out what rising carbon emissions will do to the trees,
:09:31. > :09:38.soil, water supplies and wildlife. This experiment is the future that
:09:38. > :09:44.we seek to avoid. We're only are able to avoid it if we can study
:09:44. > :09:52.what the consequences are now and know those. We are incorporating
:09:52. > :09:58.that information in our planning. From high above the canopy the team
:09:58. > :10:01.will monitor the forest for the next decade. Some doubt the affect
:10:01. > :10:07.of CA 2 on climate change, she questioned that carbon emissions
:10:07. > :10:11.are rising and will have an impact on our planet. The elevated trees
:10:11. > :10:17.may change the leaf area. The water used efficiency could change for
:10:17. > :10:23.the plants. Small things you probably cannot detect with your
:10:23. > :10:28.eye. We have got tools better than your eye. The results could have
:10:28. > :10:31.profound implications for all of us. This climatic time-machine is
:10:31. > :10:39.speeding up our knowledge of the future to help us make the right
:10:39. > :10:43.decisions now. Electric cars maybe the future but they are not selling
:10:43. > :10:48.in huge numbers yet because battery technology has not advanced far
:10:48. > :10:53.enough. Batteries need to be lighter and last longer and the
:10:53. > :10:59.cars have to come at an affordable price. Minerals from an unlikely
:10:59. > :11:09.source and brains from Silicon Valley might be changing all that.
:11:09. > :11:10.
:11:10. > :11:15.What does this have to do with this? The answer is science's.
:11:15. > :11:21.Batteries and the cars of the future. It begins here in the
:11:21. > :11:27.valley on the San Andreas fault. Geothermal energy is getting a new
:11:27. > :11:32.lease of life. It is cheap power. The hot brine from the Earth's
:11:32. > :11:37.crust which runs electricity turbines has become a new source of
:11:37. > :11:43.minerals to make batteries. There is going to be a huge demand for
:11:43. > :11:48.battery material in the future. We take brine from deep underground
:11:48. > :11:52.processed by a geothermal plant, we run it through a lithium extraction
:11:52. > :11:58.process, we end up with something that is the key ingredient in the
:11:58. > :12:04.batteries material. This is where the lithium and other minerals are
:12:04. > :12:10.being put to good use. This Silicon Valley start-up has set a new
:12:10. > :12:13.record for a battery's power and price. We have got a lot more
:12:14. > :12:19.energy in a battery. Those batteries will go in cars, they
:12:19. > :12:24.will make them cheaper, safer and increase the range. The dependency
:12:24. > :12:28.on gas and foreign oil will go down. The race is on to develop the
:12:28. > :12:34.material and the technology to develop a battery that is lighter,
:12:34. > :12:40.cheaper and longer-lasting to fuel the car of the future. There are
:12:40. > :12:45.some electric cars out there. Sexy enough and practical enough to sell.
:12:45. > :12:51.Justin Bieber, Leonardo DiCaprio and Ashton Kutcher all have one of
:12:51. > :12:55.these, but you need a film star's salary to afford one. Cheaper,
:12:56. > :13:05.lighter batteries made from an unlikely source might make electric
:13:06. > :13:06.
:13:07. > :13:12.Wherever you are in the world, exam time is stressful for students and
:13:12. > :13:16.their families. In China, the pressure is even more intense. 9
:13:17. > :13:22.million students competing for less than 7 million university places.
:13:22. > :13:32.Some students will miss out on securing a place. That is why many
:13:32. > :13:32.
:13:32. > :13:36.push themselves to the limit as they undertake the Gaokao exams.
:13:36. > :13:42.With the road blocks in place, not even traffic noise is allowed to
:13:42. > :13:47.disturb China's stressed-out students. These are the last-minute
:13:47. > :13:53.arrivals. These are anxious parents waiting at the school gates. No one
:13:53. > :13:59.does exam stress quite like this. What is it like for the students?
:13:59. > :14:06.For the past year, we had been given access to Shanghai's Zhabei
:14:06. > :14:12.Number 8 High School. Students are preparing for the entrance exam or
:14:12. > :14:17.Gaokao. Ma Li is feeling the pressure. She is hoping to attend a
:14:17. > :14:22.prestigious university and needs to do well. It is tough, there is
:14:22. > :14:28.little time to relax, she tells me. Despite her family's low-income,
:14:28. > :14:34.they have moved house, paying more went to live closer to the school
:14:34. > :14:38.for her final year. -- more rent. Her family tried to support or with
:14:38. > :14:45.private tutoring and anything else she needs. She studies for six
:14:45. > :14:49.hours every night. Chana's policymakers admit the system puts
:14:49. > :14:59.too much pressure on families and robs children of their social life.
:14:59. > :15:01.
:15:02. > :15:07.-- China's. Why is this the case? We have two years of examination.
:15:07. > :15:12.You cannot change it in one night. This year, one Chinese school was
:15:12. > :15:18.shown to be given children intravenous energy boosting
:15:18. > :15:22.injections. There has been some reform. In theory, schools must
:15:22. > :15:27.provide one hour of physical activity every day. In some ways,
:15:27. > :15:32.it is a nice problem to have. This system of intense study means that
:15:32. > :15:36.Shanghai leads the world in reading, maths and science results,
:15:36. > :15:42.including four students like these from poorer backgrounds. You cannot
:15:42. > :15:47.help but be impressed. These are meant to be the struggling students.
:15:47. > :15:50.The discipline and concentration on display would be the envy of many a
:15:51. > :15:57.system elsewhere with more resources and more advantaged
:15:57. > :16:04.children. China needs creative thinkers, not just hard-working
:16:04. > :16:08.test takers. Without urgent reform, its economic prospects may grow
:16:09. > :16:14.increasingly dim. The new president of Malawi, Joyce
:16:14. > :16:18.Banda, is selling of the presidential jet and slate of 60
:16:18. > :16:23.luxury cars controversially bought by her late predecessor. Hoare
:16:23. > :16:31.austerity drive has been well received at home and abroad. -- her.
:16:31. > :16:36.It has got the attention of the IMF. It has agreed to an aid package of
:16:36. > :16:41.$158 million for Mullaly. Barack Obama wants to inject money into
:16:41. > :16:51.countries like Mullaly. They want to help farmers in such countries.
:16:51. > :16:55.
:16:55. > :17:00.-- Mullaly. -- Malawi. It is not a famine or even an emergency, just
:17:00. > :17:07.the usual hunger in one of the poorest countries in the world. Is
:17:07. > :17:13.she decides she should be? No, she is not. She is stunted. The Brenda
:17:13. > :17:21.is stunted by malnutrition. The damage could last a lifetime. It is
:17:21. > :17:25.a problem that affects around 50 % of children her age in this country.
:17:25. > :17:30.We do not want children turning two years old and looking like this.
:17:30. > :17:36.Some parts of Africa are booming. The struggle is finding a way to
:17:36. > :17:44.rescue those that are left behind. The solution has to lie in fields
:17:45. > :17:50.like these. For years, Malawi has struggled. Foreign aid is a big
:17:50. > :17:54.part of the reason why there has been some improvement. The billions
:17:54. > :18:00.promised by Western leaders do not always but you realise and often
:18:00. > :18:04.end up on the wrong hands, but in this form, it has helped. Kosmos
:18:04. > :18:10.Pieri was struggling to feed his family a few years ago. Thanks to a
:18:10. > :18:20.donation of felt Eliza and seeds and good advice, his form has been
:18:20. > :18:22.
:18:22. > :18:29.transformed. -- fertiliser. It is helping people by giving them small
:18:29. > :18:34.loans. Age can work? Yes, aid can work. Britain alone gives �90
:18:34. > :18:40.million a year to Malawi. The country's new president calls that
:18:40. > :18:45.investment, not beads. She talks of a time that it will no longer be
:18:45. > :18:54.needed. In a country like this, we will grab an opportunity like this.
:18:54. > :19:01.It will help us move out of poverty. To help us move to a point where we
:19:01. > :19:11.can create jobs. We can join the African them. That is some way off.
:19:11. > :19:12.
:19:12. > :19:17.Hunger remains a daily threat here. Foreign aid is all too important.
:19:17. > :19:21.Much of Japan is a mountainous, which means its population of 128
:19:21. > :19:25.million people are crowded on to the few areas of flat land and the
:19:25. > :19:29.country. Many Japanese workers spend hours commuting into Tokyo
:19:29. > :19:35.every day because their homes are well outside the capital. People
:19:35. > :19:40.are looking for an alternative. There is a growing trend for a tiny
:19:40. > :19:45.detached dwellings in the centre of Tokyo. Our correspondent went to
:19:45. > :19:52.see one such home. There is an old saying in Tokyo. If the ticket
:19:52. > :19:58.10,000 Yen note and fold it up as small as you possibly can, this is
:19:58. > :20:03.worth about $130 by the way, and put it on the ground, it won't be
:20:03. > :20:09.enough money to buy the land underneath it. Space is incredibly
:20:09. > :20:15.expensive and skiers here. The solution? Think small. -- and
:20:15. > :20:20.scarce. This plot is tiny. It is barely two metres across. Inside,
:20:20. > :20:27.lots of features to make it feel bigger than it is. The staircase is
:20:27. > :20:33.very open. Come upstairs and you can see that all of the doors slide.
:20:33. > :20:39.They do not open in and out. It is more efficient use of space. Every
:20:39. > :20:45.square inch of possible storages used. Even under the tatami mat bed.
:20:45. > :20:53.The house was built by the sight of family. They had their doubts when
:20:53. > :21:02.the first saw the land. -- Saito family. Did you imagine there could
:21:03. > :21:08.be a house built here? I would think only a car could fit in here.
:21:08. > :21:11.But my family fits your mac. They might be quite cramped but the
:21:11. > :21:16.architect who designed this says that more and more people think
:21:16. > :21:21.that small is beautiful. TRANSLATION: More than 50 % of my
:21:21. > :21:28.projects are houses like this. Some of them are refurbishments. There
:21:28. > :21:34.is plenty of opportunity to do these in Tokyo. The room's maybe a
:21:34. > :21:38.little small but if you want a house rather than a flat in the