:00:18. > :00:21.On patrol in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we look at why
:00:22. > :00:26.renewed fighting threatens one of the world's largest and most
:00:26. > :00:30.important nature reserves. We explore the fears of unrest in
:00:30. > :00:36.Delhi as the Indian capital struggles to provide enough clean
:00:36. > :00:39.water for its people. And we also go to Kenya's Rift Valley to
:00:39. > :00:49.discover why it is proving a powerhouse of producing champion
:00:49. > :00:51.
:00:51. > :00:54.runners. Welcome to Reporters. There is renewed fighting in the
:00:54. > :00:58.east of the Democratic Republic of Congo in the middle of one of the
:00:58. > :01:03.world's largest and most important nature reserves. Rwanda has been
:01:03. > :01:08.accused of fuelling the conflict by providing recruits and weapons to
:01:08. > :01:12.the rebels. It's a charge that the Rwandan government vigorously
:01:12. > :01:17.denies. Congolese soldiers are also trying to capture a mutinous
:01:17. > :01:27.General so he can be brought to trial at the International Criminal
:01:27. > :01:29.
:01:29. > :01:34.Court in The Hague. We have been to the eastern Congo. Emmanuel has one
:01:34. > :01:38.of the toughest jobs in Congo. As chief warning of the National Party
:01:38. > :01:42.must police this area of pristine forest. It is home to half the
:01:42. > :01:46.world's population of mountain gorillas, and it's also at the
:01:46. > :01:50.centre of the latest rebellion. That's where they have been
:01:50. > :01:56.fighting for the last two weeks and it has been extremely intensive.
:01:56. > :02:01.For these Congolese army soldiers the hunt is on for one of their own,
:02:01. > :02:04.a mutinous General and former warlord. He is wanted by the
:02:04. > :02:10.International Criminal Court for, among other things, recruiting
:02:10. > :02:14.child soldiers. This boy is 17 years old, we have changed his name
:02:14. > :02:18.to protect his identity. He and four friends were on their way home
:02:18. > :02:23.from school one day in April when they were captured by a group of
:02:23. > :02:29.armed men. They taught us how to shoot and they gave us boxes of
:02:29. > :02:33.ammunition to carry. They made us carry other things. He managed to
:02:33. > :02:39.escape, but he doesn't know what happened to his friends. Human
:02:39. > :02:43.Rights Watch and the United Nations say that the rebels are getting
:02:43. > :02:47.support from Rwanda just across the border. The UN has sent in more
:02:47. > :02:51.peacekeepers but their forces are stretched. Since the fighting
:02:51. > :02:55.started in April around 100,000 people have sought shelter in
:02:55. > :03:00.refugee camps. Loss of the people here say they saw the fighting with
:03:00. > :03:03.their own eyes, and they ran away when the mutinous soldiers came
:03:03. > :03:07.into their villages and the shooting started. But there are
:03:07. > :03:11.plenty of others who say they simply saw people fleeing through
:03:11. > :03:17.their villages and decided to get out before the fighting started.
:03:17. > :03:22.People here are no stranger to conflict. At the National Park they
:03:22. > :03:26.are no strangers to conflict either. These bloodhounds are trained to
:03:26. > :03:30.deal with poachers. The Congolese army is distracted by the rebellion
:03:30. > :03:36.in the hills and they are now faced with other dangers filling the
:03:36. > :03:41.vacuum. A lot of new armed groups are forming, new alliances are
:03:41. > :03:48.forming. Armed groups moving into areas where they weren't previously
:03:48. > :03:52.present, and so on. It's a major concern. The volcano that looms
:03:52. > :03:58.over the provincial capital could erupt at any moment. But the bigger
:03:58. > :04:02.threat here is not nature but man. Less than a decade ago Congo was at
:04:02. > :04:12.the centre of a regional conflict that left over 5 million dead. In
:04:12. > :04:13.
:04:13. > :04:17.these volatile parts, old wars are Now to an area where art and
:04:17. > :04:21.science are teaming up for a worthy cause. Thousands of American
:04:21. > :04:26.veterans from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have returned with
:04:26. > :04:30.brain injuries and post-traumatic stress disorder. The use of art
:04:30. > :04:35.therapy is going to help for victims cope with the psychological
:04:35. > :04:40.effects, but it is not clear if such therapy can promote physical
:04:40. > :04:45.healing. Well, thanks to a top military medical facility outside
:04:45. > :04:50.of Washington, we may soon find out more about this. Jane O'Brien
:04:50. > :04:55.reports. That's how things are these days. I'm in Afghanistan and
:04:55. > :05:00.my brain is broken. Ron has served in five different wars. In
:05:00. > :05:05.Afghanistan he was treated for post-traumatic stress disorder. In
:05:05. > :05:09.Dar for he attempted suicide. Writing, he says, was the therapy
:05:09. > :05:14.that eventually saved him. Either I can control the memory of the
:05:14. > :05:20.memory is going to control me. So by telling the stories over again,
:05:20. > :05:24.over over again, by writing them down, I can shake them, I can
:05:24. > :05:28.manipulate them, and I can actually print them out and touch them. It's
:05:28. > :05:33.no longer something that is festering in that of my mind.
:05:33. > :05:38.he's an instructor for operation homecoming, a writing project that,
:05:38. > :05:42.for the first time, is being clinically tested at a top military
:05:42. > :05:46.medical centre that specialises in treating brain injuries. This
:05:46. > :05:51.technology will allow us to look at the brain's response to specific
:05:51. > :05:55.therapies. Dr James Kelly is director of the National intrepid
:05:55. > :06:01.centre of excellence where painting, music and writing are an integrated
:06:01. > :06:06.part of treatment. Art we have known for a long time has
:06:06. > :06:11.therapeutic benefits. Our job here is to measure it, it is to learn
:06:11. > :06:18.how and what parts of therapeutic engagements help people. And under
:06:18. > :06:22.what circumstances. This is the only place in the country where a
:06:22. > :06:26.range of tests can be carried out simultaneously in real time to
:06:26. > :06:32.measure the physical changes taking place in the brain. This is a
:06:32. > :06:36.colour-coded image of a brain. Each colour represents a different area
:06:36. > :06:40.and function. So if a patient were to read their work, for instance,
:06:40. > :06:45.scientists would be able to see immediately which part of the brain
:06:45. > :06:49.is responding. The research has huge implications for future arts
:06:49. > :06:53.funding. It is also part of an ambitious study by the National
:06:53. > :06:57.Endowment for the arts are aimed at offering scientific evidence for
:06:57. > :07:00.how the arts affect every stage of human development. Everybody is
:07:00. > :07:04.very data orientated now and they want to know what are the results
:07:04. > :07:10.of what you're doing, what are we going to get for their money, they
:07:10. > :07:14.ask. Even without the scientific truth, these veterans are convinced
:07:14. > :07:24.that writing about their trauma is a vital part of their road to
:07:24. > :07:27.
:07:27. > :07:31.recovery. And through glassy eyes he found peace. 20 years after the
:07:31. > :07:34.Rio Earth Summit to set targets for countries to move towards more
:07:34. > :07:40.sustainable forms of development, this week world leaders were back
:07:40. > :07:45.in the resilience city to assess what they had achieved -- Brazilian
:07:45. > :07:50.city. One issue that remains is the problem of providing clean water to
:07:50. > :07:54.everybody. One country suffering more than most is India. The
:07:54. > :08:03.capital, Delhi, is reeling under a severe shortage, and the crisis is
:08:03. > :08:08.already making people desperate. A government tanker outside one of
:08:08. > :08:12.Delhi's slums. Its parts a desperate scramble. This is the
:08:12. > :08:20.only source of clean water and no- one knows for sure when the next
:08:20. > :08:27.tanker will appear. In the panic much gets wasted. This woman runs a
:08:27. > :08:34.small charity. She says demand is so intense there's now a black
:08:34. > :08:39.market in water. This leads to either Winehouse or a cluster of
:08:39. > :08:44.houses. This water is supposed to the free -- either one house. A
:08:44. > :08:48.local racketeer has taken control and sells it as drinking water.
:08:48. > :08:54.switches it on for 15 minutes and switches it off and switches
:08:54. > :09:02.somebody else's water on. It must give the people in charge a lot of
:09:02. > :09:06.power over everybody else. If you ask people, he threatens them that
:09:07. > :09:11.he will cut of the water supply. Even the Government's policy makers
:09:11. > :09:16.had admitted the real problem is that management. It is not like
:09:16. > :09:19.there is a problem with rainfall, we get adequate rain across most
:09:19. > :09:25.parts of the country. The challenges of managing this water
:09:25. > :09:29.in a way that actually reaches the people that need it. But at the
:09:29. > :09:32.moment many who do need it are going thirsty. As they struggle to
:09:32. > :09:38.get enough water to make their daily needs the rich, by contrast,
:09:38. > :09:47.have plenty of it. On average they used ten times as much water were
:09:47. > :09:53.person per day. It is that situation that is causing growing
:09:53. > :09:58.social tension. It isn't just India's cities which are lacking
:09:58. > :10:03.water. Rivers are contaminated with untreated s untreated s
:10:03. > :10:07.country the water table is falling year by year. Until now the
:10:07. > :10:12.government is focused on building massive dams to divert water to
:10:12. > :10:18.cities. But many have been controversial, displacing millions
:10:18. > :10:24.of local people. This man has worked with villagers in the arid
:10:24. > :10:28.north-west for three decades. is not a new idea. These community
:10:28. > :10:38.dance create pools in the rainy season replenishing groundwater. He
:10:38. > :10:43.
:10:43. > :10:50.is warning that water conflicts Two decades since the Rio Earth
:10:50. > :10:58.Summit took place, major companies claim to be going Green. One runs a
:10:58. > :11:04.large iron ore mine at Carajas in the Amazon rainforest. Shuk, has
:11:04. > :11:07.been given special sa'. The great canopy of the Amazon rainforest
:11:07. > :11:12.towers, except where beneath the trees there's a special resource.
:11:12. > :11:18.Gouged from deeper and deeper underground a rich deposit of iron
:11:18. > :11:22.ore. This is the largest mine of its kind anywhere on the planet.
:11:22. > :11:29.The giant machines toil around the clock. It's an ugly process in what
:11:29. > :11:34.used to be jungle. But the world wants the iron. This is the raw
:11:34. > :11:40.material that every modern economy is based on. The iron ore used to
:11:40. > :11:46.make steel. To give you an idea of what is involved, this one massive
:11:46. > :11:51.truck carries enough ore to make a couple of hundred cars. The demand
:11:51. > :11:56.is rocketing, especially from China: the bigger the mine, the
:11:56. > :12:00.greater the impact on the natural world. A NASA satellite picture of
:12:00. > :12:04.the forest reveals how the ocean of green is scarred by the mine. The
:12:04. > :12:10.company that carved out the giant chasms claims to be green, and says
:12:10. > :12:15.it will fill them in when the iron is finished. Saplings of native
:12:15. > :12:20.trees are ready to be planted. The aim - to restore the rainforest.
:12:20. > :12:25.It's a long-term challenge, and, in fact, what we do we actually
:12:25. > :12:31.research all the time to make sure that we have the right seeds and
:12:31. > :12:37.the right species of plants that we can use afterwards to bridge back
:12:37. > :12:45.nature. The mine is due to push into new areas. We join a survey of
:12:45. > :12:51.what is most at risk. A lost world beneath the forest. We enter a cave
:12:51. > :12:55.teeming with bats. Four different species of them. Luckily only one
:12:55. > :13:00.is carnivorous. Caves like this, which are rich in iron ore have
:13:00. > :13:03.been discovered in the last few years, and most have yet to be
:13:03. > :13:09.properly explored. In this evidence was found that people lived here
:13:09. > :13:16.9,000 years ago. The fear is that all this could be lost if the
:13:16. > :13:20.diggers come. TRANSLATION: The survey is funded by the mining
:13:20. > :13:30.company Varlay and Brazil's conservation agency agrees they are
:13:30. > :13:32.
:13:32. > :13:39.trying to be greener. Varlay is trying to operate sustainably
:13:39. > :13:43.is a long way to go. While another load of ore was hauled away, world
:13:43. > :13:52.leaders met in Rio for a summit on how to balance industry and nature.
:13:52. > :13:57.It's a constant struggle. Sydney's iconic harbour is renowned as one
:13:57. > :14:01.of the most stunning in the world. Each year thousands flock to the
:14:01. > :14:09.seafront to take in the Opera House and pristine waters. While the view
:14:09. > :14:12.may be breathtaking above the water, it's different below as Duncan
:14:12. > :14:18.Kennedy explains. There are few harbourside cities as impressive or
:14:18. > :14:24.pristine as city. A gleaming city of culture, architecture and order.
:14:24. > :14:30.Go below the surface... ..and it's not so squeaky clean. Beneath the
:14:30. > :14:34.waves, within distance of the tourists lies this. A carpet of
:14:34. > :14:40.discarded plastic stretching far into the distance. Bags, wrappers,
:14:40. > :14:43.containers, endless and all but indestructible. All drains, all
:14:43. > :14:48.streams lead to the harbour. Once the plastic is in there, unless
:14:48. > :14:54.someone cleans it up, it could be there for years. It could be there
:14:54. > :14:57.for hundreds of years and do damage the whole time. Same item,
:14:58. > :15:02.different brands. In places it looks like a clothing store. It's
:15:02. > :15:07.the gently rocking plastic that does the damage, taking decades to
:15:07. > :15:11.break down, but constantly ingested by marine life, choking and
:15:11. > :15:17.entangling or poisoning it. There's an operation to scoop it up - at
:15:17. > :15:24.least some of it. Sydney's dustbin divers, who fill bags... ..and drag
:15:24. > :15:28.what they can ashore. Anything plastic is in there. The contents
:15:28. > :15:33.of these two bags taking 12 minutes to fill. The storms that have
:15:33. > :15:36.delugeed Sydney in recent months brought more. Rubbish cascaded
:15:36. > :15:41.through drains, tributaries and pipes. A lot of that rubbish
:15:41. > :15:45.doesn't stay in Sydney Harbour. First of all you have the tidal
:15:45. > :15:48.movements of the esurey taking it out into the Pacific, then the
:15:49. > :15:58.current gets hold of it, sweeping it past Australia, New Zealand and
:15:58. > :16:02.out into the wider ocean. Now when is your free time really your free
:16:02. > :16:06.time. We all love to keep in touch with the latest gadgets. The
:16:06. > :16:11.constant stream of phone calls, e- mails when you have left the office
:16:11. > :16:16.can make jour oust hours time seem like -- make your out-of-hours time
:16:16. > :16:22.seem like you are at work. The German Government is tackling this
:16:22. > :16:28.issue. When is our time our own? When does it belong to the company?
:16:28. > :16:34.Cell phones and laptops mean we are never out of reach. This worker
:16:34. > :16:38.says that you are yaible24/7 these days, so it is -- you are available
:16:39. > :16:43.24/7 these days. It is possible to say "No, I have free time", you can
:16:43. > :16:51.switch the phone off. Shutting down a smartphone is not easy. That
:16:51. > :16:55.means no calls from friends and you do feel cut off. This expert on
:16:55. > :17:01.burnout at work says it's hard for people to switch off. Being
:17:01. > :17:07.available 24 hours a day is very dangerous. Relief may be at hand.
:17:07. > :17:12.The German Government has decreed that there must be clear rules so
:17:13. > :17:16.employees can't be contacted outside normal working hours. On
:17:16. > :17:22.one estimate nine out of 10 German workers are available to be
:17:22. > :17:26.contacted by work outside their working hours. It's prompted the
:17:27. > :17:33.carmaker Volkswagen to rule that work e-mails only get forwarded to
:17:33. > :17:39.employers for 30 minutes after the end of the working day. But time
:17:39. > :17:43.isn't so easily split up for all employees, or for those self-
:17:43. > :17:47.employed or bosses. With companies like Volkswagen, where time is
:17:47. > :17:52.demarkated with shift patterns, it's easier to make the scheme work.
:17:52. > :17:59.Where there's flexible working, where you never quite know when you
:17:59. > :18:04.are on call or not... Excuse me a minute. Hello. It's 6:00 in the
:18:04. > :18:09.morning. I'm doing it. Believe me, I'm doing it. OK, thank you very
:18:10. > :18:19.much, indeed. But in places with flexible working it's much harder
:18:19. > :18:23.to lay down the rules and make the scheme work. The world of long
:18:23. > :18:29.distance athletics has long been dominated by East African runners.
:18:29. > :18:34.At this summer's Olympics in London you can be sure that the five and
:18:34. > :18:38.10,000 metres, plus the marathon will be dominated by Kenyans. One
:18:38. > :18:46.village in the Rift Valley proved a powerhouse, producing great runners
:18:46. > :18:54.and in attracting the world's best runners to train there. The BBC's
:18:54. > :19:01.James Coomarasmy went to Iten to find out more. High above Kenya's
:19:01. > :19:06.Rift Valley they gather for their morning ritual. This is Iten, a
:19:06. > :19:12.town where running is a way of life, from School days onwards and where
:19:12. > :19:16.the early morning soundtrack is the pounding of feet. A quarter of the
:19:16. > :19:20.population here are committed athletes. That dedication has
:19:20. > :19:25.brought medals and riches for some, and inspired others to follow this
:19:25. > :19:30.their footsteps as a way to escape poverty. What do you hope to do
:19:30. > :19:37.with your running? I hope to improve my life, my living standard,
:19:37. > :19:41.help my family, and help others. And Iten's inspiring athletes are
:19:41. > :19:47.helped by the presence of medallists in their midst, taking
:19:47. > :19:51.advantage of the thin air, the simple diet and the general hunger
:19:51. > :19:57.for success. Here at Iten's basic running track you get a sense of
:19:57. > :20:00.what makes this place so special. Elite Kenyan athletes,
:20:00. > :20:07.international athletes, world champions and schoolkids are here,
:20:07. > :20:11.united by their passion for the sport. Driving out of Iten we are
:20:11. > :20:15.off to meet a young girl who hopes to leave her poor rural
:20:15. > :20:21.surroundings and join the ranks of weaponia's champions. When 12-year-
:20:21. > :20:26.old Nancy Jipjo returns home after her barefoot journey from school,
:20:26. > :20:31.she changes into her running gear. Then it's time to warm up for her
:20:31. > :20:38.second training session of the day. She'd run to the local well at
:20:38. > :20:41.5:00am to fetch water for her grandmother. Her talent has brought
:20:41. > :20:45.her victory in the National Primary Schools' Championships. The
:20:45. > :20:50.expectant villages hope in the future it can bring an end to their
:20:50. > :20:54.hardship. This village is not well developed. We don't have
:20:54. > :20:59.electricity, we don't have good means of transportation. We are
:20:59. > :21:05.looking forward so that she'll come back and help the community. She'll
:21:05. > :21:08.be a role model and come and eradicate the poverty in this
:21:08. > :21:13.village. For the moment that weight of responsibility doesn't seem to
:21:13. > :21:18.be putting Nancy off her stride. She has a quiet confidence in her