:00:03. > :00:13.a knockout in the fifth round. Those are the latest headlines on
:00:13. > :00:22.
:00:22. > :00:27.BBC News. Now it is time for On the smugglers trial. We joined
:00:27. > :00:31.the hunt for the drugs trade is of Thailand's notorious Golden
:00:31. > :00:35.Triangle. France's buried secret. Christian
:00:35. > :00:40.Fraser grows beneath the battlefields to see what is being
:00:40. > :00:46.done to preserve carvings by soldiers of the First World War.
:00:46. > :00:53.And they are counting their sleeps until they are golden moment. We
:00:53. > :00:58.are with the London schoolchildren gearing up for the Olympic Games.
:00:58. > :01:03.Welcome to reporters. For centuries, the Golden Triangle,
:01:03. > :01:07.where Thailand and Laos meat has been notorious for the production
:01:07. > :01:11.of opium. While the amount of poppies grown there has more than
:01:11. > :01:14.halved over the past decade production of the stimulant
:01:14. > :01:19.methamphetamine has soared. Most of it is produced in Burma and much of
:01:19. > :01:24.it ends up in Thailand. As our correspondent reports trying to
:01:24. > :01:29.stop production is almost impossible.
:01:29. > :01:33.Night patrol on the mighty Mekong river. The Navy is the first line
:01:33. > :01:38.of defence in what has become a constant struggle to keep drugs
:01:38. > :01:42.from crossing into Thailand. Heavily armed and with the latest
:01:42. > :01:46.in night-vision technology these boats are responding to a tip off.
:01:46. > :01:49.An informer has called to say that a package of methamphetamine is
:01:49. > :01:55.about to be moved. The Navy has received some specific information
:01:55. > :02:02.about the possible transfer of drugs from Laos, on that side, to
:02:02. > :02:07.Thailand, over there. Officers were deployed on the river bank after a
:02:07. > :02:13.short wait it was decided that this was a false alarm. Either the
:02:13. > :02:16.smugglers had spotted the track, or more likely they had made it across.
:02:16. > :02:25.With just one officer for every three kilometres of river all it
:02:25. > :02:30.takes is a short boat trip to get the drugs across. TRANSLATION: It
:02:30. > :02:33.fetches 50 baht in the Laos. It features 300 by the time it gets to
:02:33. > :02:37.Bangkok. I don't want to say it is impossible job but we're just
:02:37. > :02:41.dealing with the end result here. The Golden Triangle was once
:02:41. > :02:46.notorious for its opium smuggling. But it is now methamphetamine that
:02:46. > :02:50.is the region's biggest problem. Seizures of tablets like these have
:02:50. > :02:59.quadrupled in the last four years. Prove experts say of an explosion
:02:59. > :03:03.in both supply and demand. Both countries are major consumers of
:03:03. > :03:07.methamphetamine. The population taking these drugs believe them to
:03:07. > :03:12.be relatively safe, which they are not, and they help individuals
:03:12. > :03:19.party until dawn and do back- breaking work in the fields and
:03:19. > :03:22.roads. Most of South East Asia's methamphetamine is man --
:03:22. > :03:30.manufactured in Shand stayed in them. From there they are smuggled
:03:30. > :03:34.into China, Thailand, or Laos, and then back into Thailand. Thailand's
:03:34. > :03:38.prime minister oversaw the incineration of the latest haul of
:03:38. > :03:48.21 million tablets. New money is being made available to try to stop
:03:48. > :03:49.
:03:49. > :03:53.the drugs getting in. But with long Burma's with -- but before long
:03:53. > :03:56.borders with Burma and Laos, it is out of reach and the other side.
:03:56. > :04:00.It imagine being forced to flee your home only to end up living in
:04:00. > :04:04.a place where you are in more danger. That is exactly what
:04:04. > :04:09.happened to a group of people who fled their island home of Zanzibar
:04:09. > :04:12.off the coast of East Africa only to end up living in the Somali
:04:12. > :04:20.capital Mogadishu. Now the first of 12 for families have been
:04:20. > :04:23.repatriated back home. A reminder of a troubled past. Mogadishu's
:04:23. > :04:29.airport is one of the most dangerous places on earth. The
:04:29. > :04:35.snipers are no more and traffic flows easily. Today it is saying
:04:35. > :04:41.farewell to some special passengers. These are some of the refugees and
:04:41. > :04:45.their new families who fled Zanzibar in 2001. Close to two
:04:45. > :04:51.dozen people were killed, mostly opposition supporters. This man was
:04:51. > :04:55.among a group of 100 who arrived in Mogadishu to a life worse than the
:04:55. > :05:00.one they had left behind. Now married to a Somali woman with two
:05:00. > :05:06.children he is part of the first group of refugees the United
:05:06. > :05:12.Nations is flying home. My of in Mogadishu was very tough. -- life
:05:12. > :05:20.in. After we saw that the situation in our country was better we said
:05:20. > :05:25.that there was no use in remaining in this country. It is their first
:05:25. > :05:28.ever flight. For many it is the first they are seen their homeland
:05:28. > :05:34.in 11 years. For their wives and children it will be an opportunity
:05:34. > :05:36.to start again. -- for the men. There were more anxious looks and
:05:36. > :05:44.smiles as Muhammad step on the home turf. Tanzania's government has
:05:45. > :05:49.given assurances to be islanders that there will not be harassed.
:05:49. > :05:52.their own volition they came to UNHCR when we established in
:05:52. > :05:57.Mogadishu three years ago. They started talking about repatriation
:05:57. > :06:02.will stop it took us the best part of two years to come to this point.
:06:02. > :06:07.A mother's embrace for her son. Though the life Muhammad has come
:06:07. > :06:11.back to won't be as bad as in Mogadishu it will not be easy.
:06:11. > :06:14.Poverty is rife in this part of Tanzania. But this is home for
:06:14. > :06:18.Mohammed and he hopes the remaining family is in Somalia will follow
:06:18. > :06:24.suit. We have been promised by the government that the government will
:06:24. > :06:34.not harass anyone. My message for them is to come back to their
:06:34. > :06:36.
:06:36. > :06:38.country and cooperate to build the future of their country.
:06:38. > :06:42.political climate of the silence has improved over the past ten
:06:42. > :06:51.years. The peace and tranquillity that Zanzibar is famed for should
:06:51. > :06:55.offer my Hamed and his family a second wind. -- Mahomed.
:06:55. > :06:59.Across the globe statues and monuments serve as reminders of the
:06:59. > :07:04.human toll of war but beneath the battlefields of the First World War
:07:04. > :07:08.in France there are memorials which remain largely unknown. Hundreds of
:07:08. > :07:12.caves have carvings edged out by frontline troops which serve as
:07:12. > :07:17.tributes to their fallen comrades. Now as Christian Fraser reports the
:07:17. > :07:22.fight is underway to preserve a neglected piece of history.
:07:22. > :07:28.Searching such an inviting looking meadow it is hard to picture the
:07:28. > :07:31.misery of the 1914 battlefield. But in the trees of Confrecourt there
:07:31. > :07:38.is a tangible link to the French Army that fought here. It is
:07:38. > :07:43.written in the darkness of a medieval stone quarry. These are
:07:43. > :07:48.the murals and carvings of the frontline troops, the insignia of
:07:48. > :07:52.their regiments, a roll-call of the comrades who fell. This one on as a
:07:52. > :07:56.guard gassed at the entrance to the caves. There is an artistry in here
:07:56. > :08:00.that belies the horrors of the Great War. Such an elaborate
:08:00. > :08:05.portrait of Marianne, an image as dear to French hearts as the
:08:05. > :08:09.vineyards the soldiers still dreamt of. Displayed on the walls are the
:08:09. > :08:15.innermost emotions of a soldier, the hope, the fear, the torment,
:08:15. > :08:20.the patriotism. But from the comparative peace of this century
:08:20. > :08:23.it was just a short distance up these steps to the chaos of the
:08:23. > :08:27.frontline whether two opposing armies faced each other for four
:08:27. > :08:30.years. -- Sanctuary. The quarries were first used as hospitals. In
:08:30. > :08:33.the depths of winter they were valuable shelter for the troops
:08:34. > :08:39.rotating from the front. They also use them to hold German prisoners
:08:39. > :08:48.whose shoes can still be found on the floor. There are carvings of
:08:48. > :08:52.loved ones, some that were drawn, some that were never finished.
:08:52. > :08:56.Normally they are anonymous, he says. Sometimes the artist signs in
:08:56. > :09:01.pencil or lease the name of his village, children or wife. They all
:09:01. > :09:05.wanted to leave a mark of their passing. There are 500 such caves
:09:05. > :09:09.now being considered for UNESCO status. All are at risk from
:09:09. > :09:19.looters and vandals. It is not a regular part of the battlefield
:09:19. > :09:25.tour, but those who do come are amazed. Boys, men, 15, 16 years of
:09:25. > :09:32.age... No mothers, fathers. They have to go to the tunnel to their
:09:32. > :09:37.deaths. The in 1914 there was no place for fear. In November that
:09:37. > :09:42.year French regiment lost a position to the advancing Germans.
:09:42. > :09:47.Six of the men who had retreated were chosen and executed as an
:09:47. > :09:55.example. It is these stories of the few that honour the many. And they
:09:55. > :09:59.are stories worth preserving. Wherever they are found.
:09:59. > :10:04.Now to the present day conflict playing out in many American cities
:10:04. > :10:08.and a most unusual by-product. Every year the city of Los Angeles
:10:08. > :10:13.holds a gun amnesty to get weapons off the streets and hopefully
:10:13. > :10:21.reduce violence there. This year those guns are the basis for a
:10:21. > :10:26.unique art project. We went to have a look. From the hands of criminals
:10:26. > :10:31.into the studio of an artist. Guns from the streets of Los Angeles
:10:31. > :10:39.transformed into sculptures. A portrait of crime, their creator
:10:39. > :10:43.calls them. This is a special piece. It is made out of, this one a man
:10:43. > :10:49.has 50 shotguns. You can see the profile. Can you see the nose? This
:10:49. > :10:54.is the profile. The LAPD collected, decommission, and then delivered
:10:54. > :10:59.two tons of weapons and left the rest to Victor Hugo's science.
:11:00. > :11:04.aim is to take these guns, break them down, change them, transform
:11:04. > :11:08.them into something us. But they still have a powerful image. People
:11:08. > :11:11.identify with them. -- something else. They know what it is
:11:11. > :11:15.immediately. It is may be a secondary reading. You get closer
:11:15. > :11:20.and you see they are made out of instruments of death or violence.
:11:20. > :11:24.There is no shortage of supply in Los Angeles for the budding artist.
:11:24. > :11:28.The police recover thousands of weapons every year from crime
:11:28. > :11:32.scenes, or from buying them back off the streets. Most of them are
:11:32. > :11:39.simply destroyed. But for the high- powered weapons that end up here,
:11:39. > :11:43.many more are still out there are feeling gang related violence.
:11:43. > :11:47.is a problem in LA. But it is not like it was years ago. In the early
:11:47. > :11:53.90s we had something like 1,200 murders every year. We are down to
:11:53. > :11:58.less than 300. It is still quite a huge number. But compared to Howard
:11:58. > :12:02.was we have had and nine you decrease in violent and gun crime.
:12:02. > :12:06.The guns have gone full circle, returning to the police
:12:06. > :12:16.headquarters to be unveiled in an exhibition to highlight what has
:12:16. > :12:21.
:12:21. > :12:25.been done to reduce the violent I think the message is so positive.
:12:25. > :12:30.If fighting get people to look at the differently, then I have
:12:30. > :12:37.achieved something. A solid artistic reminder of the violence
:12:37. > :12:44.with which historically the city has been so closely connected.
:12:44. > :12:49.The city of Rome already offers visitors an almost overwhelming
:12:49. > :12:53.variety of things to see and do. It is about to show one more
:12:53. > :12:59.remarkable exhibit. The air raid shelter of Benito Mussolini. It has
:12:59. > :13:03.been shut for years because of a build-up of dangerous gases. But
:13:03. > :13:07.now the problem has been resolved and visitors will soon be able to
:13:07. > :13:17.return and they are likely to come away with a full understanding of
:13:17. > :13:22.the dictator's last days. The Villa Torlonia and its gardens.
:13:22. > :13:26.An oasis of calm in the heart of Rome. It is a park now, but this
:13:26. > :13:32.used to be the playground of one of the great dictators, Benito
:13:32. > :13:41.Mussolini. The Bilal was his home for 18 years. This is the place
:13:41. > :13:47.where he relaxed. Here, he was surrounded by his wife and children.
:13:47. > :13:52.But amid all this luxury, perhaps in his bed in the quiet of the
:13:52. > :14:01.night, the dictator began to worry about his safety. What if he were
:14:01. > :14:06.the target of an air raid? TRANSLATION: He had a need for
:14:06. > :14:13.security. But there was also an attempt to imitate Hitler. He had
:14:13. > :14:20.been to Germany and seen the bunkers. So he decided that he
:14:20. > :14:28.needed to go down, not just into his basement area, but down much
:14:28. > :14:38.deeper still. He wanted to go into the depths of the Earth, below the
:14:38. > :14:43.foundations. This is the bunker that Mussolini began to build.
:14:44. > :14:49.Cylindrical corridors for maximum strength. The walls are four metres
:14:49. > :14:54.thick. Layers of concrete reinforced with iron. Also an
:14:54. > :15:02.escape route up into the garden, in case bombs demolished the house and
:15:02. > :15:09.blocked the bunkers' main entrance. In the start, the date and he
:15:09. > :15:13.replays, Mussolini hoped that he and his children would be safe. As
:15:13. > :15:18.the work dragged on and on, he wrote in his diary that he was
:15:18. > :15:22.worried it would not be finished in time. It seemed to add to a growing
:15:22. > :15:32.sense of unease. Indeed the work was not finished by the time the
:15:32. > :15:36.
:15:36. > :15:39.dictator fell from power. Today it looks as grand as ever. But it
:15:39. > :15:48.hides a Haing -- a stranger struck doubt that his evidence of the
:15:48. > :15:54.darkest fears of Benito Mussolini. There is a major push in South
:15:54. > :15:56.Korea to get more people into work. The country's labour force is
:15:56. > :16:01.shrinking because of their ageing population, and the pressure is on
:16:01. > :16:09.to get more employment hours for mothers returning to work. That is
:16:09. > :16:15.proving to be a bit of a challenge. Hwang Jin-Young does not look like
:16:15. > :16:18.a woman about to go into battle, but this class is part of a quest
:16:18. > :16:24.that will Peter again some of South Korea's most entrenched cultural
:16:24. > :16:29.values. She is looking for a job, specifically one that will also
:16:29. > :16:35.allow her to see her three-year-old son. TRANSLATION: I need to work
:16:35. > :16:39.around my child's schedule. He goes to nursery but there is a limit to
:16:40. > :16:45.how long he can stay there. The company is looking for people who
:16:45. > :16:52.can work until 9pm at night, so it is difficult to find a job. Less
:16:52. > :16:56.than half of South Korea's female workforce is currently employed.
:16:56. > :17:01.The government is keen to get more mothers working. It needs the taxes
:17:01. > :17:05.to pay for its ageing population and expanding welfare. The South
:17:05. > :17:11.Korea's stubbornly long working hours are only one part of the
:17:11. > :17:16.problem. Long working hours are not only for grown-ups. Academic
:17:16. > :17:20.achievement is a National vocation, and the saying goes, a big part of
:17:20. > :17:25.South Korea's academic success is down to the so-called helicopter
:17:25. > :17:30.mum, who hovers over her children night and day as they study. It is
:17:30. > :17:35.something else the government would like to change. TRANSLATION: The
:17:35. > :17:39.reason why South Korea's education is so high is to support children
:17:39. > :17:44.get from their mothers at home. Now there are new demands for women to
:17:44. > :17:49.withdraw it -- rejoin the workforce. It is important to have shorter
:17:49. > :17:54.working hours, not just for women, but men as well, so they can be
:17:54. > :17:58.there to help bring up the children. Shorter working hours, raising the
:17:58. > :18:02.minimum wage and be more flexible could boost the numbers of women in
:18:02. > :18:06.work, but the changes are likely to cost companies more, and in the
:18:07. > :18:11.current economic climate, many businesses find that idea
:18:11. > :18:14.unattractive. But as its ageing population starts to grow, South
:18:15. > :18:23.Korea faces a choice between its economic health and its corporate
:18:23. > :18:27.culture. The simple choice may end up changing a whole lot more.
:18:27. > :18:32.The London Olympics I just days away and lots of schools in Britain
:18:32. > :18:37.had had Olympic themed sports days, including Colegrave Primary, our
:18:37. > :18:41.chosen school of 2012. The children can see the Olympic Park from their
:18:41. > :18:50.playground. They are going to be doing a lot more than just watching
:18:50. > :19:00.the games. They are living by the Olympics,
:19:00. > :19:05.
:19:05. > :19:09.they had been learning about it, and now they are holding their own.
:19:09. > :19:14.Sports days are a great opportunity for them to take part in events
:19:14. > :19:21.that they will be seeing at the Games. What you will always see is
:19:21. > :19:27.a sense of joy. I just like being at sports day because it is great
:19:27. > :19:32.fun. Also the feeling of participating, and feeling good
:19:32. > :19:37.that you have done something. would love to be any Olympian one
:19:37. > :19:43.day. All these events looks so far. Doing them for your country must be
:19:43. > :19:46.the best feeling in the world. only thing that could surpass your
:19:46. > :19:51.very own at in the school day is being part of the real thing. For
:19:51. > :19:56.some kids, that is no longer just a dream. More than 30 of them had
:19:56. > :20:03.been selected to take part in the opening ceremony. They will hit the
:20:03. > :20:09.headlines. Danny Boyle came to Colegrave and fell in love with the
:20:09. > :20:14.children. I was really excited. I was jumping up and down and running
:20:14. > :20:23.around the school. I was amazed. I did not know that I was going to be
:20:23. > :20:31.chosen. My family were so happy. We went out for a special meal. I feel
:20:31. > :20:36.excited. Excited because my family will see me on television. They
:20:36. > :20:41.like seeing me on television. in the opening ceremony has had a
:20:41. > :20:46.positive effect on the whole school. It has really inspired our children.
:20:46. > :20:50.Their confidence has blossomed over the last few months. They say eat
:20:50. > :20:54.is not the winning but the taking part that counts, but the children