:00:04. > :00:14.financial reforms. That is the latest. Now it is time
:00:14. > :00:23.
:00:23. > :00:27.for Reporters. And we report from northern Syria
:00:27. > :00:33.where Kurds are warning they will fight it President Assad of tries
:00:33. > :00:39.to take back control of the region. What lies beneath? We meet South
:00:39. > :00:44.Korea's tunnel hunters digging to find the are enemy from the north.
:00:44. > :00:50.-- the enemy. Will Brazil's preparations for the
:00:50. > :00:55.Olympics be at the expense of its African slave heritage?
:00:55. > :00:59.Welcome to Reporters. As the fighting in Syria continues,
:00:59. > :01:04.President Assad's security forces have relinquished control of
:01:04. > :01:08.several Kurdish towns so they can battle rebels elsewhere. Kurdish
:01:08. > :01:12.leaders claim they now control about half of the territory, and
:01:12. > :01:17.warned that they will fight the regime if it tries to return. For
:01:17. > :01:25.the 2 million Kurds in Syria, 10% of the population, they say they
:01:25. > :01:32.want autonomy in a day it -- in a democratic Syria.
:01:32. > :01:36.In a quiet corner of Syria, so long a pressed, a change has taken place.
:01:36. > :01:41.-- op pressed. In the Kurdish north-east, Bashar al-Assad has
:01:41. > :01:49.given up control of a swathe of territory. The Kurds may be winners,
:01:49. > :01:54.if and when a new Syria emerges. They are now calling the shots,
:01:54. > :01:58.running their own checkpoints, and several towns and cities. They
:01:58. > :02:03.saved their weapons are for self- defence. But the most powerful
:02:03. > :02:12.party, they told us that if President Assad of tries to retake
:02:12. > :02:22.control, they will fight. Of course we will do something. We warned not
:02:22. > :02:32.say, come and kill me. We have to defend ourselves. After decades of
:02:32. > :02:32.
:02:32. > :02:39.repression, Syria's Kurds can now speak openly. Some are demanding
:02:39. > :02:46.more than the departure of President Assad. TRANSLATION: We
:02:46. > :02:50.want to take over our our own affairs. All the Kurds want a
:02:50. > :02:57.better Kurdistan. That is just what neighbouring countries, with their
:02:57. > :03:03.own Kurdish minorities, are afraid of. This was the moment in late
:03:03. > :03:07.July, when the Kurds make them move, protesters and gunmen, taking over
:03:07. > :03:11.a key building, like this intelligence headquarters. But the
:03:11. > :03:17.government retreat was probably tactical. As art's forces are
:03:17. > :03:22.needed more elsewhere. -- President Assad's forces. At the intelligence
:03:22. > :03:30.building, Kurdish flags are flying, there are fragments of a dark past
:03:30. > :03:36.remain. Locals manage to save money in volumes, receiving President
:03:36. > :03:41.Assad's Longreach. -- many volumes. If two people were having a
:03:41. > :03:46.cigarette together, they made a report about it. The Syrians are
:03:46. > :03:52.still keeping watch. Their bases remain, and they have not let this
:03:52. > :03:55.region completely. But for the most part, they are staying out of sight.
:03:55. > :04:01.When the trouble around the Kurdish areas, you can see evidence of
:04:01. > :04:06.change that has taken place. We are driving by a military intelligence
:04:06. > :04:11.base, and there are still some Syrian forces left inside. Local
:04:12. > :04:17.people say they do not know how many. For our own safety we have
:04:17. > :04:24.been advised not to go any closer. Outside this court house, we
:04:24. > :04:31.stumbled on a young Syrian soldier. He looked nervous. Suddenly, a
:04:31. > :04:36.plainclothes Syrian official appeared. But the once powerful now
:04:36. > :04:44.sound fearful. I am not guilty, he told us. Please do not make
:04:44. > :04:49.problems for me. Beginners' lessons in Kurdish. The language can now be
:04:49. > :04:53.taught without the risk of being jailed. The Kurds say they would
:04:53. > :04:58.not be silenced again. They are calling for autonomy in a
:04:58. > :05:06.democratic Syria. After decades of struggle, they are savouring this
:05:06. > :05:11.moment, which some are calling a Kurdish spring.
:05:11. > :05:15.For centuries, cash guy in China stood at the heart of the Silk Road,
:05:15. > :05:19.the trade route of ancient times. Now China is pouring billions of
:05:19. > :05:25.dollars into the city, wanting it once again to be the transport hub
:05:25. > :05:32.for Central Asia and beyond. But what we found, the locals remain
:05:32. > :05:38.unconvinced that they will share in the boom.
:05:38. > :05:43.These mountains mark China's western frontier. It is actually
:05:43. > :05:52.closer to Baghdad and than it is Beijing. The City one stood at the
:05:52. > :05:56.heart of the Silk Road. In some ways, not much has changed. For
:05:56. > :06:04.centuries, farmers have gathered at the livestock market. They had all
:06:04. > :06:11.over the prize in a city where trading is in the blood. Until
:06:11. > :06:15.recently, it was something of a backwater. But now that is changing.
:06:15. > :06:21.Beijing is pouring billions of dollars into the city, to transform
:06:21. > :06:27.it into their export Harbour. To the south, India and then Pakistan,
:06:27. > :06:32.and over to the west, Central Asia. Its location is absolutely key to
:06:32. > :06:36.its economic success. But Beijing also believes that by pouring money
:06:36. > :06:41.into this city, it will help ease ethnic tensions across western
:06:41. > :06:48.China. But for that to happen, local people will have to share in
:06:48. > :06:57.any economic boom. Construction jobs should not be hard to come by.
:06:57. > :07:05.Most of the workers are not from the region. He shows me the largest
:07:05. > :07:10.development. It is set to be home to 100,000 people. TRANSLATION: It
:07:10. > :07:13.still lags behind other Chinese cities in terms of development. But
:07:13. > :07:22.business opportunities are priceless. That is why you see so
:07:22. > :07:29.many investors flooding in. That is changing the face of the city. It
:07:29. > :07:34.is home to China's ethnic-minority is. But now a third of the
:07:34. > :07:41.population is Han Chinese. Many are entrepreneurs, drawn by the
:07:41. > :07:47.prospect of profits. Locals fear they are losing out. For
:07:47. > :07:52.generations, his family has made traditional instruments. He says
:07:53. > :07:56.they are not benefiting from the boom. TRANSLATION: The investors
:07:56. > :08:04.coming to the city are gaining more than the locals. Why else would
:08:04. > :08:08.they bother travelling thousands of kilometres. The city has long mixed
:08:08. > :08:18.traditions with trade. But the city's development may not bring
:08:18. > :08:19.
:08:19. > :08:23.the stability that Beijing wants. Living in the shadow of a 60 rot
:08:23. > :08:27.conflict has many consequences, but one unique development in South
:08:27. > :08:31.Korea is the creation of the so- called tunnel hunters, a band of
:08:31. > :08:36.men who run the countryside searching for signs of North Korean
:08:36. > :08:41.infiltration tunnels. Four such tunnels have been found in past
:08:41. > :08:47.decades. We met the men who spend their time and money trying to
:08:47. > :08:53.unearth the enemy. To become a tunnel Hunter in South
:08:53. > :08:58.Korea, you need a pump, a generator and a bit of imagination. Kostjasyn
:08:58. > :09:08.and his band of investigators are all private citizens, priests,
:09:08. > :09:09.
:09:09. > :09:15.Burleigh Bears, ex-soldiers. -- Pastor Kim Jin-Chol. This mountain
:09:15. > :09:20.side hole is the latest find. He and his men believe that North
:09:20. > :09:23.Korean agents dug this tunnel as part of a past secret network,
:09:23. > :09:27.stretching under South Korean territory. They point out to us
:09:27. > :09:33.what they say is evidence of explosives, equipment, and man-made
:09:33. > :09:38.holes in the wars. Not everyone has faith in the tunnel Hunters'
:09:39. > :09:43.theories, but he says he feels a responsibility to investigate.
:09:43. > :09:48.TRANSLATION: The military says that this is not a North Korean tunnel.
:09:48. > :09:51.But a local civilian was concerned about it. The military is a passive
:09:52. > :09:57.in responding to the findings, that people have no choice but to come
:09:57. > :10:02.to us. North Korean infiltration tunnels had been found in the past
:10:02. > :10:07.by the South Korean army. Four of them, Dr Le along the demilitarised
:10:07. > :10:12.zone. The Army says there may be many more, and it still devote
:10:12. > :10:18.specialist resources to finding them. The second tunnel stretches
:10:18. > :10:21.back more than a kilometre into North Korea. We are not allowed to
:10:21. > :10:27.film inside for security reasons, but South Korea's young recruits
:10:27. > :10:31.are being taken down to see what North Korea left behind. Man-made
:10:31. > :10:35.walls, booby traps and boreholes. But it has been 20 years since a
:10:35. > :10:41.new find, and these days the tunnels are seen more as a tourist
:10:41. > :10:47.attraction. They have got more than 900 missiles targeted against the
:10:47. > :10:52.South. They can hit almost every target in South Korea. They had
:10:52. > :10:59.artery that can reach Seoul in a matter of minutes. The net asset of
:10:59. > :11:03.the tunnels, in 2012, is much smaller than it was back in 1975.
:11:03. > :11:09.There was a time, ten years ago, when Pastor Kim Jin-Chol and his
:11:09. > :11:15.crew got the public on board, with major operations like this one.
:11:15. > :11:19.These days, at his Sunday service, the pews stand largely empty, most
:11:19. > :11:24.of the congregation has fled from his tirade against the northern
:11:24. > :11:27.Tourette's. Many tunnel hunters have lost even more, he says, their
:11:28. > :11:37.families and their Saviour's. But belief in the worth of their
:11:37. > :11:41.unusual hop Be has not played it One of the biggest attractions in
:11:41. > :11:46.France, the island of Monye San Michele, was in danger of losing
:11:46. > :11:49.its island status. Silk had built up to connected to the mainland but
:11:49. > :11:56.scientists and engineers recently started a controversial project to
:11:56. > :12:00.wash the mud away. Since it began visitors have been banned from
:12:00. > :12:10.parking on the mudflats in front of the rock. And as Christian Fraser
:12:10. > :12:15.
:12:15. > :12:20.reports, that has opened up a whole For 1,300 years it has been a focus
:12:20. > :12:27.of deep reverence and spirituality. In medieval times more San Michele
:12:27. > :12:32.was a fortress, repelling repeated attacks by the English. But today
:12:32. > :12:36.the ramparts are open to 3 million visitors a year. It is the second
:12:36. > :12:40.most visited site in France, and it's getting a facelift. Since the
:12:40. > :12:43.late 19th century and the building of a causeway that links it with
:12:43. > :12:52.the mainland the rock has been surrounded by vast deposits of silk.
:12:52. > :13:02.Their worst fears were that in 2050 it would cease to be an island. But
:13:02. > :13:06.until they built this down. TRANSLATION: We can see began
:13:06. > :13:12.working. In less than three years we have claimed back 50 hectares
:13:12. > :13:16.from the sea. It is restoring the pristine beauty of the bay. It only
:13:16. > :13:19.the move to banish tourists' cars and buses had gone as smoothly.
:13:19. > :13:24.Since the spring cars and buses have been banned from the mud flats
:13:24. > :13:27.at the foot of San Michele, and now were directed instead to this
:13:27. > :13:33.brawling new car park where they are charged the princely sum of
:13:33. > :13:37.EUR8. The tropical it is a long walk to the shuttle bus,
:13:37. > :13:40.particularly in the often awful weather. But those with businesses
:13:40. > :13:46.on the island say that since the change they have lost 30% of their
:13:46. > :13:56.trade. TRANSLATION: For us it is a catastrophe. Since the new parking
:13:56. > :13:56.
:13:56. > :13:59.rules were brought in cars cannot come through, are barriers.
:13:59. > :14:02.joining the throngs of the disgruntled is UNESCO. It
:14:02. > :14:08.threatened to suspend the pressures World Heritage status, concerned by
:14:09. > :14:14.the proximity of a wind farm, and an ugly landing stage emergency
:14:14. > :14:19.services. The threat is on hold for the moment. In antiquity the rock
:14:19. > :14:25.was besieged by the English armies. Today it is loud controversy that
:14:25. > :14:29.surrounds the island, ascetics verses profit. After 1,300 years of
:14:29. > :14:36.history are a quiet piece of the Abbey still offers welcome refuge
:14:36. > :14:41.from the warring parties below. Talks are being held in Brazil to
:14:41. > :14:45.discuss ways of revitalising sites linked to the slave trade. The
:14:45. > :14:52.recently rediscovered key of the Longo, the arrival 0.4 half-a-
:14:52. > :14:57.million slaves into Rio, is being considered for inclusion on
:14:57. > :15:03.UNESCO's World Heritage List. Quentin Somerville reports from Rio.
:15:03. > :15:09.Four years in Rio's old port the cranes stood still, and all was
:15:09. > :15:19.quiet. But with some help from an Olympic deadline, all that is about
:15:19. > :15:30.
:15:30. > :15:37.There will be new museums. Better public spaces. And this highway
:15:37. > :15:43.will disappear underground. We want to bring people back here
:15:43. > :15:49.with a view that the centre of the city should be a place where you
:15:49. > :15:54.can live, you can work, where you can have fun. But much of this
:15:54. > :15:57.area's future is built on a bad foundation, as the recent
:15:58. > :16:02.renovations uncovered. Right here they have made an extraordinary
:16:02. > :16:06.discovery. This was a key where slaves from Africa would arrive in
:16:06. > :16:11.Brazil. Walking across the cobblestones they would arrive in
:16:11. > :16:16.to a life of servitude and misery. Some 500,000 souls, who worked on
:16:16. > :16:23.the coffee plantations and the sugar plantations of Brazil, would
:16:23. > :16:28.have arrived here. The C one slapped against the stones. Then it
:16:28. > :16:33.was the largest arrival point for the slaves -- the EC wants flapped.
:16:33. > :16:37.We want to make this a place of reflection about racism, the
:16:37. > :16:41.consequences of racism, and what it means for some men to have
:16:41. > :16:48.supremacy over other men. We want to make sure it never happens again
:16:48. > :16:53.in the history of man. From the centuries-old mud delights of the
:16:53. > :16:58.first Afro Brazilians are re- emerging -- the lives of. Eight
:16:58. > :17:03.child's tiny bracelet and a single earring, perhaps from Mozambique --
:17:03. > :17:12.a child's. It is a small jewellery box that is very rare to find,
:17:12. > :17:18.difficult to find, with 1,700 small beats. This neighbourhood was
:17:18. > :17:24.called Little Africa. Long gone are the buildings where slaves were
:17:24. > :17:31.fattened and then sold on. And here on this street the fate of those
:17:31. > :17:39.that made it no further has been uncovered. This man was carrying
:17:39. > :17:44.out building work at her home -- woman. It was a Monday in January.
:17:44. > :17:47.Soon some bone started to appear, they were shocked, then they
:17:47. > :17:52.realised they were children's bones. They had uncovered a graveyard of
:17:52. > :17:59.the slaves that had died after the long voyage from Africa. The
:17:59. > :18:03.building work stopped and the House became a small museum. TRANSLATION:
:18:03. > :18:07.I often asked myself, why am I doing this. I get very emotional
:18:07. > :18:12.when I think about it. But here you see two things, a lack of the
:18:12. > :18:17.spectrum life and a lack of respect during death. They did not have
:18:17. > :18:23.greats, the bones were thrown away as if they were trashed. A few
:18:23. > :18:30.blocks away is the Pedro, it is the birthplace of Samba. Most of the
:18:30. > :18:35.residents here are very poor, more than half are Afro Brazilian.
:18:35. > :18:40.Louise is one of the soundings of the Pedro Colombo, a group that
:18:40. > :18:45.preserves the areas African heritage. He says it is under
:18:45. > :18:48.threat. TRANSLATION: Our traditions are disappearing. The new
:18:48. > :18:52.investments in the region have not valued our traditions. They have
:18:52. > :19:00.been more interested in looking at years of slavery than our African
:19:00. > :19:04.heritage. Above is the city's oldest other. A new cable car is
:19:04. > :19:07.being built that will make it easier getting up here. Hundreds of
:19:08. > :19:15.families will see their homes disappear as the neighbourhood gets
:19:15. > :19:19.renovated. This man has lived here his whole life. He worries that the
:19:19. > :19:24.redevelopment is more for the benefit of the Olympic visitors and
:19:24. > :19:30.will undo the fabric of one of the city's most historic neighbourhoods.
:19:30. > :19:34.TRANSLATION: If you take away the people, they are the aural memory,
:19:34. > :19:38.they are the living history, then it will end. I don't come here
:19:38. > :19:42.because of the view, I come here because of the people. If you take
:19:42. > :19:47.them away it does not matter that others will come, this will end,
:19:47. > :19:53.and their history is what the City is supposed to be celebrating.
:19:53. > :19:59.During Forest's of course provides opportunities. -- drawing tourists.
:19:59. > :20:02.From this building this woman sells sweets and cakes through this
:20:02. > :20:07.neighbourhood. TRANSLATION: I want to make this into a cafe so that
:20:08. > :20:12.people walking through can come and chase my sweets. I'm going to do a
:20:12. > :20:20.course in gastronomy. -- tastes my sweets. I am already employing ten
:20:20. > :20:30.people. -- taste my sweets. She did not do this alone. Advice and
:20:30. > :20:34.
:20:34. > :20:39.training came from Geovanni's group which helps Afro Brazilian
:20:39. > :20:42.businesses get off the ground. is becoming a world-class city.
:20:43. > :20:49.Important discoveries like the key are helping us better understand
:20:49. > :20:54.that our origins are black. The city has so far been shown as not a
:20:54. > :20:59.black city, this was buried. Now with these discoveries we can re-
:20:59. > :21:02.examine the past and make links with the prison. Rio isn't the
:21:02. > :21:12.first city to use the Olympics to try to bring life back to forgotten
:21:12. > :21:13.
:21:13. > :21:21.neighbourhoods. But history is already a live here. At Pedro de sa
:21:21. > :21:28.the African roots of this neighbourhood run deepest. What
:21:29. > :21:34.will happen here with a Rio and the World Cup and the Olympics, it will
:21:34. > :21:43.help us understand our own history. These mega events will be really
:21:43. > :21:47.extraordinary four-hour country. Celebrating an encouraging the