:00:05. > :00:15.He insists that the country can survive on its aim.
:00:15. > :00:24.
:00:24. > :00:30.-- or needs alone. Time for the The human cost of China's economic
:00:30. > :00:33.success. Why many Chinese people are saying no to industrial
:00:33. > :00:39.development. Severe weather leads to failing
:00:39. > :00:46.harvests in India. Reporting on the high percentage of malnourished
:00:46. > :00:53.children in Mumbai. The women on the front line. This struggle to
:00:53. > :00:58.clear one million unexploded landmines Inchture Lanka. -- ent
:00:58. > :01:04.Sri Lanka. There has been a further slowdown in China, the world's
:01:04. > :01:14.second biggest economy. The latest figures show growth of just under
:01:14. > :01:19.
:01:19. > :01:27.7.5%. Two years ago, it was 12%. This poses huge challenge to the
:01:27. > :01:35.country's Communist leadership. But rapid expansion has also resulted
:01:35. > :01:40.in problems for the environment and local health.
:01:40. > :01:44.If you wear a pair of jeans, there is a 30% chance they were made here.
:01:44. > :01:49.This is how China has catching chunks of the global economy and
:01:49. > :01:54.creating jobs for millions. But like all of China, this town is
:01:54. > :01:58.facing problems. Slowing demand overseas and rising costs at home.
:01:58. > :02:04.Small factories line the river banks. Doing things cheaply has
:02:04. > :02:10.come at a cost for China. The water is tainted. The disgusting, fetid
:02:10. > :02:13.cocktail that locals say is too polluted to use. TRANSLATION: All
:02:13. > :02:20.along the river Arno Denham factories. The polluted water from
:02:20. > :02:25.those places really smells. China's next generation of leaders are
:02:25. > :02:29.about to take power here in just a few weeks. They face two problems -
:02:29. > :02:36.how to keep the economy growing but also tackle rising discontent at
:02:36. > :02:43.the damage that is being done to the environment. A few weeks ago,
:02:43. > :02:48.riot police fought crowds. They were furious about plans for a
:02:48. > :02:52.copper factory. People feared its waste would damage their health.
:02:52. > :02:59.For years, delivering economic growth has been the way China's
:02:59. > :03:02.communist rulers have kept a lid on discontent. Now, growth is causing
:03:02. > :03:07.unrest. The �1 billion project would have brought many jobs but it
:03:07. > :03:12.was not wanted. TRANSLATION: Of course health is more important
:03:12. > :03:19.than jobs. It matters for our children. If we are sick, how can
:03:19. > :03:23.we keep supporting them? China's next leaders are inheriting a toxic
:03:23. > :03:33.legacy. They have plans for cleaner growth but that will be slower and
:03:33. > :03:35.
:03:35. > :03:38.more expensive. The waste from this chromium factory stay is the ground
:03:38. > :03:45.in yellow. The Chinese call these places cancer villagers. Cancer
:03:45. > :03:50.rates have soared in dozens of them. The reason is not clear. His mother
:03:50. > :03:54.is 47. Three weeks ago, she was diagnosed with liver cancer. She
:03:54. > :03:59.has less than five months to live. He is convinced the factories are
:04:00. > :04:05.to blame. His factory pays the price for unrestrained growth.
:04:05. > :04:08.TRANSLATION: This is depressing living here. Every day, the
:04:08. > :04:15.factories make choking smoke. We know it causes cancer but nobody
:04:15. > :04:20.takes responsibility for the sick or the dead. He has not told his
:04:20. > :04:28.mother of her diagnosis. He says it would be too much for her to take.
:04:28. > :04:30.He has no faith any one will undo the damage done by years of dirty
:04:31. > :04:36.growth. The UN has warned that severe
:04:36. > :04:40.weather has left world grain reserves dangerously low and
:04:40. > :04:44.informing harvests continue, there could be a major hunger crisis next
:04:44. > :04:49.year. Droughts are mainly to blame in India, the world's second
:04:50. > :04:55.largest producer of rice and sugar. There are fears that this year's
:04:55. > :05:02.below average monsoon rains will drastically reduce output. There is
:05:03. > :05:07.already a huge percentage of malnourished children.
:05:07. > :05:12.This boy is four years old but cannot yet to walk. He is one of
:05:12. > :05:17.the millions of children in India who are malnourished. According to
:05:17. > :05:22.the World Health Organisation, 43% of Indian children under the age of
:05:22. > :05:26.five are underweight. His mother says she struggles to make ends
:05:26. > :05:31.meet. TRANSLATION: My husband gives me less than $10 per week and with
:05:31. > :05:38.that amount, I have to buy food, water and provisions for a family
:05:38. > :05:42.of four. It is not enough but I am helpless. What is particularly
:05:42. > :05:46.alarming about this situation in India is despite a boom in the
:05:46. > :05:51.economy over the past ten years, high rates of malnutrition have
:05:51. > :05:56.persisted, indicating that the benefits of India's growth story
:05:56. > :06:01.have not to call down to its poorest. Statistics show India has
:06:01. > :06:04.a larger percentage of under developed -- under which children
:06:04. > :06:11.and less developed countries in sub-Saharan Africa and many other
:06:11. > :06:14.South Asian nations. It is 40 years since the government set up a
:06:14. > :06:21.programme for a nationwide child will development including
:06:21. > :06:24.nutrition schemes. But schemes like this one are being run by non-
:06:24. > :06:29.profit organisations because social workers say not enough government
:06:29. > :06:33.projects have been implemented on the ground. TRANSLATION: Even in
:06:33. > :06:39.the existing government sentence -- centres, there is not enough staff
:06:39. > :06:47.or equipment. Since 2005, the government has not conducted a into
:06:47. > :06:51.its schemes on the ground. This has to be done to understand where
:06:51. > :06:56.there are failures. Malnutrition is a symptom of a number of social
:06:56. > :07:02.problems that India still faces like poverty, inadequate social
:07:02. > :07:05.services and lower education. India's Finance Minister concedes
:07:06. > :07:09.that there are still problems but the government is committed to
:07:09. > :07:14.finding a solution. We have not done enough and we accept the fact
:07:14. > :07:20.that we must do more. Therefore, we are spending more on health,
:07:20. > :07:26.education, sanitation. But this will take time. Experts say what is
:07:26. > :07:30.most urgently needed is investment in the country's food distribution
:07:30. > :07:36.infrastructure. India is among the largest food producers in the world
:07:36. > :07:46.but 30% of the country's claim Roberts and millions go hungry
:07:46. > :07:47.
:07:47. > :07:52.every year. -- grain rots. Sri Lankan may be at peace after 25
:07:52. > :07:55.years of conflict but unexploded weapons still pose a danger. There
:07:55. > :08:00.are more than one million land mines still buried in the north of
:08:00. > :08:03.the country. Efforts to clear them are under way but it is a dangerous
:08:03. > :08:11.job that requires a thorough training. Some of those being
:08:11. > :08:15.trained for that job, a local tunnels, including many women. --
:08:15. > :08:23.are a local Tamil people. His team of women is preparing for a day of
:08:23. > :08:30.specialised work - de-mining. The war with Sri Lanka took this
:08:30. > :08:34.woman's husband. Now, she works with a British de-mining group.
:08:34. > :08:39.These are the menacing weapons which may lie behind a tree or in
:08:39. > :08:45.any building. These were scattered near it Willette. She must open the
:08:45. > :08:49.way to them. With a minute precision, she clears this trick,
:08:49. > :08:56.digging down 50 centimetres. Once she reaches the weapon, a
:08:56. > :09:02.supervisor lifts it out with the utmost care. She lost the work even
:09:02. > :09:07.if it is not widely viewed as a woman's job. TRANSLATION: We have
:09:07. > :09:11.seen how the people suffered. I wanted to do something good. This
:09:11. > :09:17.will help them resettle quickly. Meanwhile, this has helped me
:09:17. > :09:22.educate my children and to look after my family. We work 21 days
:09:22. > :09:31.and get seven days off. Having located the land mines, the next
:09:31. > :09:37.thing is to make them safe. All of these musicians meat -- call of
:09:37. > :09:42.these munitions have yet to be made safe. These have been extracted by
:09:42. > :09:48.NGOs and the Army's and de-mining unit. It is time to detonate some -
:09:48. > :09:53.work that only the military can do. It is important to keep Age UK to
:09:53. > :10:00.the ordinary people about landmines as there have been more than 120
:10:00. > :10:06.landmine accidents since 2009. Two small voice died last week. We have
:10:06. > :10:13.increased the lessons that we give to civilians with the involvement
:10:13. > :10:17.of UNICEF. In the future, hopefully this will not happen. Families like
:10:17. > :10:23.this one are now preparing to move back into the area. Sadly, their
:10:23. > :10:27.house, like others, will have to be destroyed and a new one built. De-
:10:27. > :10:32.mining is the starting point but a vital step. These women are helping
:10:32. > :10:42.people resettled now and are working towards reading this
:10:42. > :10:43.
:10:43. > :10:47.The regional fall-out in Syria is still most acutely in Turkey, it is
:10:47. > :10:52.not only the thousands who have fled, it is also the question of
:10:52. > :10:56.the Kurds. With in Syria they have won a lot of water money during the
:10:56. > :11:01.uprising where now the Turkish government fears that Kurds in
:11:01. > :11:05.Turkey will demand similar freedoms. Tensions are high between the Kurds
:11:05. > :11:13.and the PKK and the Turkish of therapies. In the last month more
:11:13. > :11:19.than 700 people have been killed. - - Turkish authorities. The boys of
:11:19. > :11:24.this town get ready for their fight, the are older man cannot resist
:11:24. > :11:29.checking their Molotov cocktails. They are holding the funeral of a
:11:29. > :11:35.PKK fighter. The boys want to show that they too can take on the
:11:35. > :11:42.Turkish state. They tried to burn down the primary school. That's
:11:42. > :11:49.because it teaches in Turkish and not Kurdish. This Kurdish
:11:49. > :11:54.population wants to rule itself. They have the many deaths in this
:11:54. > :11:59.country. -- there have. And there may be more. That's what the Prime
:11:59. > :12:06.Minister's language singles. crowd celebrates the peak Pique
:12:06. > :12:11.leader. -- singles. -- P Kiki -- PKK. He is imprisoned on an island
:12:11. > :12:15.in Istanbul. You get a real sense of anger against Turkey. It appears
:12:15. > :12:19.the PKK can count on plenty of local support and that will make it
:12:19. > :12:25.very difficult for the government and the army to defeat the movement
:12:25. > :12:31.by force alone. Among the mourners is match here, two of her three
:12:31. > :12:39.sons were killed fighting the Turkish military. On a quieter day
:12:39. > :12:44.she takes her grandsons to visit their uncle's grave. We have always
:12:44. > :12:50.wanted peace. Maybe it is not possible any more. We can't get
:12:50. > :12:57.along with the Turkish people. We don't understand each other.
:12:57. > :13:02.for Turkey's Prime Minister, here with party members in Ankara,
:13:02. > :13:08.understanding is not the point. He offers the Kurds money but not
:13:08. > :13:16.self-rule. His supporters cheers as his government promises to defeat
:13:16. > :13:20.the PKK. -- Shea. We are fighting against terrorist groups, terrorist
:13:20. > :13:27.actions, in a very multi- dimensional approach. Security
:13:27. > :13:32.measures is one of them. But the rest will be implemented in Turkey
:13:32. > :13:38.during economic development. promises of development don't tempt
:13:38. > :13:43.the PKK rebels down from the mountains. The Turkish state may
:13:43. > :13:52.rule its Kurdish regions, but its soldiers have to wear their bullets
:13:52. > :13:56.where everybody can see them. Aid agencies are warning of a social
:13:56. > :14:01.catastrophe as increasing numbers of women in Tadzhikistan are
:14:01. > :14:05.divorced by husbands working abroad. 1 million catch it MEN, a third of
:14:05. > :14:08.the adult population, worked in Russia. That a growing number of
:14:08. > :14:16.migrant workers are choosing not to return to their impoverished
:14:16. > :14:22.company and are simply abandoning their families. -- country. This
:14:22. > :14:25.man is 33, she has seen plenty of hardship in her life. -- woman. A
:14:25. > :14:31.mother of four she lives with her own parents. She had nowhere else
:14:31. > :14:35.to go after her husband divorced her over the phone. My husband was
:14:35. > :14:40.away in Russia for more than a year at a time. He would come back for a
:14:40. > :14:45.couple of months and then he would go again. Most money he sent went
:14:45. > :14:49.straight to his parents. He divorced me four years ago.
:14:49. > :14:55.Traditional society has little sympathy for women like this.
:14:55. > :14:59.Divorce here is almost considered the woman's fault. But she is not
:14:59. > :15:04.alone in her village there are many other women like her. In this class
:15:04. > :15:10.run by a local charity abandoned wives are taught about their legal
:15:10. > :15:16.rights. Over 1 million women, a third of the adult population, look
:15:16. > :15:22.for employment in Russia. -- men. Money sent home by migrant workers
:15:22. > :15:26.accounts for nearly half of the GDP in the country. Not on any door in
:15:26. > :15:30.a typical village here and the chances are very high that at least
:15:30. > :15:34.one male relative in each household is working in Russia. Labour
:15:34. > :15:39.migration is vital for this country's survival, but more and
:15:39. > :15:47.more men are choosing not to come back home, leaving the burden of
:15:47. > :15:52.raising children on their wives. Without remittances from ex-
:15:52. > :15:56.husbands there is also a financial burden. The majority of women can
:15:56. > :16:02.only earn cash by picking cotton, and often children can be seen
:16:02. > :16:07.working alongside their mothers. Although child labour is banned, a
:16:07. > :16:13.Unicef study found children in abandoned households are forced to
:16:13. > :16:17.work. In that situation we find the family ends up poorer, we also find
:16:17. > :16:21.that health seeking behaviour is work and nutritional status is
:16:21. > :16:25.worse, educational outcomes are also worse because children might
:16:25. > :16:29.be forced to leave school early. You also have to contribute
:16:29. > :16:33.economically -- they have to. at the house the daughter is
:16:33. > :16:39.learning a new skill. She wants to help her mother to get a better
:16:39. > :16:47.future. Labour migration is helping to keep the economy afloat, but the
:16:47. > :16:51.social cost is high and the most vulnerable are paying the price.
:16:51. > :16:55.Cubans have welcomed been used that the government is scrapping its
:16:55. > :16:59.hated exit permits, which citizens had to obtain before travelling
:16:59. > :17:04.abroad. The reform was promised by President Raul Castro over a year
:17:04. > :17:09.ago, and is the latest in a series of slow social and economic changes
:17:09. > :17:15.on the communist-run island. Sarah Rainsford has more on this from the
:17:15. > :17:19.capital, Havana. For over 50 years every Cuban wanting to travel from
:17:19. > :17:25.this island has needed official permission. Stay away too long and
:17:25. > :17:30.they are refused the right to return. Finally that's changing.
:17:30. > :17:33.The end of the hated exit permits was announced on state TV, from
:17:33. > :17:40.mid-January all Cubans will need to go abroad is an updated passport
:17:40. > :17:47.and a visa. So the days of endless queues at migration offices are
:17:47. > :17:52.numbered, all the permit paperwork costs over $300, well over a year's
:17:52. > :17:58.salary for a state worker. It's no wonder people are happy here.
:17:58. > :18:05.very happy, really happy! We can now see our families. We can
:18:05. > :18:10.reunite and come and go like everywhere else in the world.
:18:10. > :18:13.closed its doors soon after the 1959 revolution, fighting a mass
:18:13. > :18:19.exodus and a brain drain to the United States. It is still worried
:18:19. > :18:24.about that, so travel restrictions for some, like doctors, will remain.
:18:24. > :18:28.And there's ample room in the new rules to stop government critics
:18:28. > :18:33.travelling as well. But will others rush for the exit? Only if other
:18:33. > :18:37.countries relax their laws and only if those Cubans can afford the air
:18:37. > :18:41.fare. The government explains the change, saying most Cubans want to
:18:41. > :18:46.travel for economic reasons these days, not politics, seeking the
:18:46. > :18:49.work and the wealth they struggle to find here. The hope is they will
:18:49. > :18:54.travel then returned, bringing much-needed money and skills back
:18:54. > :19:00.to the island. Opening its borders is a gamble after so many years of
:19:00. > :19:05.tight control, but you there is changing slowly. And this is a
:19:06. > :19:09.major and much awaited part of that. -- but Cuba. To North Africa and
:19:09. > :19:14.now and the story of one enterprising business that has set
:19:14. > :19:18.up a fish farm in some of the most inhospitable ants. It is believed
:19:18. > :19:24.to be the world's only desert fish farm and it is based in Egypt, and
:19:24. > :19:31.it is proving so successful they are now exporting to Italy. --
:19:31. > :19:36.lands. The cruel heat of the African sun. The arid Sanz of a
:19:36. > :19:42.merciless desert that stretches across the Continent. -- sands.
:19:42. > :19:49.What better place for a fish farm!? Inside these tanks they are rearing
:19:49. > :19:54.sea bass and a sea bream. All in natural salt water, discovered in a
:19:54. > :20:02.huge aquifer hundreds of metres under the sounds of the Sahara. It
:20:02. > :20:06.is the bright, or mad, idea of Tony. I had a dear friend of mine, a
:20:06. > :20:11.fisheries professor, and he said you are crazy to try to go for fish
:20:11. > :20:18.in the desert. He said we would give it a try and here we are, we
:20:18. > :20:24.designed a large-scale intensive fish farm. In fact he told me
:20:24. > :20:29.finding the water was the easy part. The problem was not the water, the
:20:29. > :20:34.water is ample and available. The challenge was what to do with the
:20:34. > :20:40.water we don't need. So out along this pipe comes the dirty water
:20:40. > :20:44.from the bottom of the fish tanks. Then with the latest method of grip
:20:44. > :20:52.irrigation it is used to rear special plants, tolerant of salt
:20:52. > :20:58.water. It is, says Tony, 500 % environmentally friendly. As for
:20:58. > :21:03.the fish themselves? The feed is precisely calibrated. The water is
:21:03. > :21:09.cleaner than most waters in the world. The product is profitable
:21:09. > :21:13.and delicious. So here it is, one Mediterranean sea bass, raised on
:21:13. > :21:17.the waters of the Sahara desert. And ready to be served on the
:21:17. > :21:24.dinner tables of Europe and Egypt. They tell m They tell m as tasty a
:21:24. > :21:29.fish as you will eat anywhere in the world. All this in what should