:00:04. > :00:14.thousands of jobs are at risk. That is the latest BBC News. Now it is
:00:14. > :00:27.
:00:27. > :00:31.Welcome to Reporters. I am at the heart of the news room, bringing
:00:31. > :00:36.you the best stories from across the globe. On this week's
:00:36. > :00:42.programme: A special report from inside Syria on the plight of the
:00:42. > :00:46.children there, driven underground by violence. Recession hits the
:00:46. > :00:54.burger industry in Afghanistan. We find out why sales have dropped
:00:54. > :00:57.sharply. At how you can love of music without hearing it. We meet
:00:57. > :01:03.the orchestra are helping deaf children to experience classical
:01:03. > :01:08.music. We start in Syria, where aid agencies say they are shocked by
:01:08. > :01:12.the number of children being killed in the ongoing conflict. In one big
:01:12. > :01:15.reason to, investigators found that at least 70 children had been
:01:15. > :01:21.killed as a result of covert missile strikes on residential
:01:21. > :01:26.areas in the main commercial city of Aleppo. -- in one week recently.
:01:26. > :01:33.It is no wonder that civilians are fleeing our urban areas and taking
:01:33. > :01:40.refuge in caves. This report is from Idlib Problems. A beautiful
:01:40. > :01:43.valley, two children lead the way to their new home. They were forced
:01:43. > :01:50.to run away from their village for it was attacked by government
:01:50. > :01:54.forces. This is now where they live, in a cave. It is cold, dirty and
:01:54. > :02:00.damp inside. They have been living like this for weeks, unable to
:02:00. > :02:10.escape across the border and too afraid to turn -- run home. --
:02:10. > :02:11.
:02:11. > :02:15.return home. The hardest thing is getting water up here for drinking,
:02:15. > :02:23.washing and cooking. Life is so hard but we have to deal with that.
:02:23. > :02:26.The world has forgotten about us. This is not a home. Millions
:02:26. > :02:34.Assyrians had been driven from their homes by the war. Many have
:02:34. > :02:38.fled across borders to safety. Most are trapped, refugees in their own
:02:39. > :02:43.country. The world has pledged millions of pounds in foreign aid.
:02:44. > :02:48.No one we have met has received any of it. In a conflict where rockets
:02:48. > :02:52.are fired at will, they are never really safe. If you want to know
:02:52. > :03:02.what that feels like, watched the girl's reaction as the area is
:03:02. > :03:03.
:03:03. > :03:08.suddenly attacked. Where will the shells land? When will they stop?
:03:08. > :03:18.Syria's children all these questions well.
:03:18. > :03:20.
:03:20. > :03:25.- know. It has been one years since we left home. We have to keep
:03:25. > :03:30.moving. We do not have money, we do not have anything. The country is
:03:30. > :03:35.locked in a savage civil war. It is civilians who have consistently
:03:35. > :03:38.suffered the most as conditions steadily grow worse. Some people
:03:38. > :03:42.are so desperate they have been forced to make their homes in
:03:42. > :03:48.underground tunnels like this. You can see matting on the floor, some
:03:48. > :03:53.bedding, some pillows. As many as 20 families crammed into this tight
:03:53. > :03:58.space when the shelling starts. In the last 24 hours, the Government
:03:58. > :04:03.have attacked this area. This is essentially where people came to
:04:03. > :04:08.live and tide. The at -- the atmosphere is appalling. It is dark
:04:08. > :04:13.and dank. We were taken to see another tunnel in the middle of an
:04:13. > :04:18.orchard. It is an old Roman burial chamber. In the gloom, seven small
:04:18. > :04:24.boys in hiding. Their father has been killed and the fighting and
:04:24. > :04:32.their mother has gone looking for food. That was hours ago. The boys
:04:32. > :04:37.were still waiting, cold, hungry and scared. TRANSLATION: It is bad
:04:37. > :04:42.here, says Mohammed. We are scared of the bombing and shelling, that
:04:42. > :04:47.is why we are staying here. The boys asked when their mum would be
:04:47. > :04:53.coming back. It was an impossible question to answer. As we left,
:04:53. > :04:58.they sat staring at the entrance, waiting. This is Syria's tragedy.
:04:58. > :05:08.The conflict the world has failed to stop. Victims you go unprotected.
:05:08. > :05:13.A country whose very existence is now in doubt. Barker traders in the
:05:13. > :05:18.Afghan capital, Kabul, say business is tough and some are going bust,
:05:18. > :05:23.in fact. The long garment was compulsory for all women under the
:05:23. > :05:28.rule of the Taliban. Now, fewer women are choosing to wear them and
:05:28. > :05:32.cheap imports from China have meant the price has fallen by two-thirds.
:05:32. > :05:39.Afghan traders say there is not enough money to be made. This
:05:39. > :05:45.report is from Kabul. For centuries, the Bob Carr has been the emblem of
:05:45. > :05:51.Afghanistan. It was strictly imposed in Taliban fines. In Kabul,
:05:51. > :05:57.it is not so easy to spot. Wholesalers still supply other
:05:58. > :06:03.regions of the country with their own unique ships. A quiet
:06:03. > :06:10.revolution is under way in the capital. Business is taking a bit
:06:10. > :06:20.of a knock. A fall of demand in Kabul has meant reduced profit
:06:20. > :06:22.
:06:22. > :06:28.levels down to Chinese imports. -- coupled with. Up until six months
:06:28. > :06:33.ago, this man was selling because in downtown Kabul. TRANSLATION:
:06:33. > :06:37.People are more free now. There are no longer forced to wear them. It
:06:37. > :06:41.has affected my business. Even a woman who has been stitching in
:06:41. > :06:48.four years has joined the trend, choosing to protect her modesty in
:06:48. > :06:52.other ways. When I first went out without one, I thought everyone was
:06:52. > :06:57.staring with me but I got used to it. On the rare occasions that I do
:06:57. > :07:05.wear it, I cannot breathe. I feel I am going to suffocate. There are
:07:05. > :07:09.still many for whom old habits die hard. The past -- for the past 60
:07:09. > :07:15.years, Benazir has remained covered up. It is a tradition she says she
:07:15. > :07:21.will uphold. She likes the anonymity it gives us. When asked
:07:21. > :07:28.for for doctors would it, too, her answer is no. -- if her daughters
:07:28. > :07:32.wear it. It has been reclaimed by a female street artists like Shamsia.
:07:32. > :07:41.They look at it as a symbol of strength, not submission. For her,
:07:41. > :07:46.it is not the garment holding women back but the thinking behind it.
:07:46. > :07:56.People think it is like a caged but it is not like that. If you change
:07:56. > :07:56.
:07:56. > :08:01.the shape of it, it looks stronger. We can do anything, like men.
:08:01. > :08:07.is no shortage of strong-willed women in Afghanistan. Despite the
:08:07. > :08:11.challenge to the garment in Kabul, it is an enduring symbol of the
:08:11. > :08:16.tension between tradition and change.
:08:16. > :08:20.Does Japan hold the answer to how the developed world contract itself
:08:20. > :08:25.out of economic recession? Some economists think it might. In
:08:25. > :08:30.January, the new Japanese Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe, launched a
:08:30. > :08:34.growth programme that is being dubbed Abenomics. It is based on a
:08:34. > :08:44.limited monetary easing and the huge government spending programme.
:08:44. > :08:45.
:08:45. > :08:52.-- a limited. Let's get an idea of how it might work. He is a likely-
:08:52. > :08:57.looking Messiah. Shinzo Abe is the archetypal grey Japanese politician.
:08:57. > :09:03.Economists all over the world are talking about him. In his private
:09:03. > :09:10.trading room in central Tokyo, Fumiaki Sagara is his biggest fan.
:09:10. > :09:17.So is the election, the stagnant stock market has taken off. In just
:09:18. > :09:23.six weeks, Fumiaki Sagara has made $300,000. TRANSLATION: For us it is
:09:23. > :09:27.all about the foreign money. He has brought back confidence. Money is
:09:27. > :09:33.flowing back into the market. When that happens, the market goes up
:09:33. > :09:36.and we make money. That new confidence is built on Shinzo Abe's
:09:36. > :09:40.promised to contents of billions of dollars into building new
:09:40. > :09:45.infrastructure. Japan already has some of the world's best
:09:45. > :09:51.infrastructure. Just look at this. Tokyo's astonishing underground
:09:51. > :09:56.flood control system. Am they call this the underground Parthenon. You
:09:56. > :10:01.can see why. There is nothing quite like this anywhere else in the
:10:01. > :10:08.world. It is an engineering marvel. Japan is a country dotted with
:10:08. > :10:18.engineering marvels, built in large part to boost the economy. Why
:10:18. > :10:19.
:10:19. > :10:25.would it work now for it did not before? What is necessary in is
:10:25. > :10:30.more infrastructure. The economy must be better connected to the
:10:30. > :10:33.Asian economies. In particular, of the Government is going in that
:10:33. > :10:39.direction, infrastructure and government spending can be very
:10:39. > :10:46.worthwhile. To get Japan to grow, Shinzo Abe Mr geared ordinary
:10:46. > :10:51.people like the or shimmer to spend more, too. That will be much harder.
:10:51. > :11:01.-- Rie Oshima. Japanese people have got used to living on less and less.
:11:01. > :11:07.We have to pay many taxes. We have to pay a lot. We only have a small
:11:07. > :11:14.amount of money. My husband's salary is not going up. I am really
:11:14. > :11:20.squeezed. Japan's small businessman are feeling the squeeze, too. Just
:11:20. > :11:27.ask Susumu Mitsuoka. His little car company handled 400 of these quirky
:11:27. > :11:35.looking cars each year. It is a far cry from the massive factories.
:11:35. > :11:40.That is his problem. TRANSLATION: Folau went to the Ministry in Tokyo
:11:40. > :11:45.to get a licence, their reaction was "why is a country bumpkin tried
:11:46. > :11:50.to make cars?" The regulations make it almost impossible for a small
:11:50. > :11:55.car company like mine to survive in Japan. Japan needs the best
:11:55. > :11:59.regulation and more people like him if they are to survive. For 20
:11:59. > :12:04.years, this country has felt more and more with the land of the
:12:04. > :12:14.setting sun. Everyone is now watching to see the Shinzo Abe's
:12:14. > :12:21.
:12:21. > :12:29.huge gamble can make Japan's There has been a lot of focus on
:12:29. > :12:33.the meat we purchase in recent weeks. IKEA is the latest company
:12:33. > :12:43.to be embroiled in the scandal. Food scandals are also appearing
:12:43. > :12:50.elsewhere. In Kenya, donkey meat has been found in the food chain.
:12:50. > :12:55.The beasts of burden are kept busy in Kenya. They are just part of the
:12:55. > :13:00.chaotic traffic. Out on the farms every day, donkey's are interrupted
:13:00. > :13:06.from their grazing to do some work. Most homes in this village have a
:13:06. > :13:11.wooden cart, often home-made, and thanks to their four-legged friends,
:13:11. > :13:16.farmers' backs are given some relief. Another trip along the
:13:16. > :13:23.rutted tracks. Low-cost transport at a sedate pace. But these animals
:13:23. > :13:27.are in danger. George tells me he has had to build a secure should
:13:27. > :13:35.for his donkey's because after dark, there is a risk they could be
:13:35. > :13:42.stolen and slaughtered for their meat. Kenyans of roasted meat.
:13:42. > :13:49.These goats and beef joints are always busy. In communities in the
:13:49. > :13:54.north-west, people don't eat donkey meat. At least, not knowingly. A
:13:54. > :14:00.butcher's knife is sharpened. These days, some which has secretly used
:14:00. > :14:05.their knives to prepare donkey meat which they pass on to consumers as
:14:05. > :14:08.before. At these places, you can choose what to meet you want to eat
:14:08. > :14:13.and you can be certain which animal it has come from but that is not
:14:13. > :14:17.the case everywhere and because of the unscrupulous trade in Bonn to
:14:17. > :14:21.meet, authorities are suggesting it should be regulated so people can
:14:21. > :14:27.be sure of what they are eating. Police say they want to find out
:14:27. > :14:33.where the donkey meat is being sold. Meanwhile, some people have changed
:14:33. > :14:42.their diet. We have resorted to white meat. Chicken, fish. What
:14:42. > :14:46.about you? This has led me to avoid eating red meat. This town is the
:14:46. > :14:51.centre of the hidden trade. Donkey owners say 58 animals were killed
:14:51. > :14:57.here last year but no-one knows who has eaten them. Have you ever
:14:57. > :15:04.tasted donkey meat? I don't know. I have eaten meat but I don't know
:15:04. > :15:12.what animal... Would you ever eat donkey meat? No. What about how?
:15:12. > :15:16.Yes. What is wrong with donkey meat? It is bad!
:15:17. > :15:20.We feel that people might be giving us this made without our knowledge.
:15:20. > :15:30.They may be mixed up on the farms but when it comes to mealtimes,
:15:30. > :15:33.Kenyans want their cows and dole queues kept apart. -- donkey.
:15:33. > :15:41.There is a new crime that is causing shock and disbelief in
:15:41. > :15:45.South Africa. Dreadlocks have become so popular in South Africa
:15:45. > :15:50.that thieves are now snatching them from people's heads and selling
:15:50. > :15:57.them from a profit of -- for a profit.
:15:57. > :16:01.Downtown Johannesburg. The epitome of South Africa's bustling trade.
:16:01. > :16:09.In these overcrowded streets, vendors compete for every square
:16:09. > :16:14.metre of pavement. The goal is simple. To make as much money as
:16:14. > :16:19.possible. Luckily for hairstylists, there is a new money-spinner -
:16:19. > :16:26.dreadlocks. But the house style has become so popular that many people
:16:26. > :16:33.are being robbed of their locks. Quick and ruthless, fee to use
:16:33. > :16:38.anything from Nice to broken glass to steal their hair. 28-year-old
:16:38. > :16:43.Jack had been growing his hair for more than three years. They were
:16:43. > :16:49.gone in a matter of minutes. TRANSLATION: I was walking alone
:16:49. > :16:57.one night and a group of men attacked me. They had a knife, took
:16:57. > :17:02.my mobile phone and cut my hair. I know why they cut my hair. Some
:17:02. > :17:06.people will buy the dreadlocks. I guess they cut my hair to grow and
:17:06. > :17:12.sell it. Dread locks can take several years to grow but many
:17:12. > :17:17.people don't want to wait that long. It is this need for instant
:17:17. > :17:22.gratification that is motivating hair thieves. On this street,
:17:22. > :17:31.dreadlocks can sell for up to �200. Local stylists have developed a new
:17:31. > :17:39.technique known as crocheting. Using this, they can weave curled
:17:39. > :17:44.hair into straight hair. This has fuelled demand. This man has been
:17:44. > :17:50.an expert for more than 20 years and even he was taken by surprise
:17:50. > :17:55.by this new crime. This is wrong. People should stop doing it. It is
:17:55. > :18:01.not acceptable. There are people who are happy to sell their hair
:18:01. > :18:06.willingly. Why not wait for those people? Don't take somebody's hair
:18:06. > :18:11.by force. Those who have fallen prey to the Test matches are often
:18:11. > :18:16.too embarrassed to bring the matter to the police. -- to the
:18:16. > :18:22.dreadlocked its matches. Some people live in fear. I am afraid to
:18:22. > :18:28.grew dreadlocks again. I am afraid that they will find me and cut them
:18:28. > :18:33.again. Next time, they might kill me. As the dreadlocks industry
:18:33. > :18:40.continues to strive, more people seem certain to fall victim to the
:18:40. > :18:44.danger was greed of the cut and run gangs. -- dangerous greed.
:18:44. > :18:50.Helping deaf children appreciate music would appear to be a major
:18:50. > :18:52.challenge but a growing number of orchestras are doing just that.
:18:52. > :18:58.Musicians from one national orchestra are holding a series of
:18:58. > :19:06.con certs for deaf people. While the audience might not hear a
:19:06. > :19:10.single note, they have found their own way of enjoying the experience.
:19:10. > :19:15.It could easily be a regular rehearsal for the National
:19:15. > :19:19.Orchestra in Wales. But if you look a little closer, these children are
:19:19. > :19:24.not just listening or watching, they are part of the orchestra.
:19:24. > :19:30.They are feeling the music and they are making the music. But many of
:19:30. > :19:36.these children are profoundly deaf and have serious hearing problems.
:19:36. > :19:40.How is it they are appreciating the music? Music can affect people.
:19:40. > :19:44.There is an emotional connection. I don't think you have to hear it
:19:44. > :19:49.purely to appreciate that. There is an emotional happen -- connection
:19:49. > :19:54.that just happens. They came up with the idea of letting children
:19:54. > :19:58.use their other senses like touch. Even if you cannot hear the music,
:19:58. > :20:08.the vibrations through this soundbox lets people feel it
:20:08. > :20:09.
:20:09. > :20:12.through hands and feet. The orchestra has also composed its
:20:12. > :20:22.own pieces as a result of improvisation with the children
:20:22. > :20:44.
:20:44. > :20:49.It is not just at the rehearsals. The children get to perform for a
:20:49. > :20:59.real audience. They had speakers underneath the seats as well. Many
:20:59. > :21:04.
:21:04. > :21:09.of the popular classic crescendo as Even even has his own songs sung by