:00:27. > :00:32.projects such as High Speed 2. Now Welcome to this special Africa
:00:32. > :00:36.edition coming to you from the Ethiopian capital, home to the
:00:36. > :00:41.African Union which is celebrating its 50th birthday. To mark the
:00:41. > :00:49.occasion, we have a range of reports looking at both the
:00:49. > :00:55.achievements and challenges still ahead. From Marx to the market, we
:00:55. > :01:01.report on at the new economic miracle in Ethiopia. We are
:01:01. > :01:09.empowering of the people. His South Africa are working? We ask whether
:01:09. > :01:14.labour unrest and the aftershocks of a part died at are hardly in the
:01:14. > :01:22.nation. South Africa is still the biggest, most sophisticated economy
:01:22. > :01:27.and there is a real energy and optimism. We report from Goma on
:01:27. > :01:33.what the UN is calling its peacekeeping mission with taste.
:01:33. > :01:39.And we ask the Rwandan President why he's accused of supporting the
:01:39. > :01:49.Congolese rebels. They have to find where to put the blame at and so
:01:49. > :01:50.
:01:50. > :01:56.they put the blame on Rwanda. look at the South African master.
:01:56. > :02:02.We kept on doing the same skill that he is good at. Whether it was
:02:02. > :02:10.here or Europe or send it off. It just shows that nothing dampened
:02:10. > :02:16.his spirit. 50 years ago, the African Union was created. It had
:02:16. > :02:21.big ambitions, aiming to promote an integrated, prosperous Africa. This
:02:21. > :02:26.year, the summit is taking place in Ethiopia. It is a country which
:02:26. > :02:30.over the decade has been strongly associated with food shortages and
:02:30. > :02:37.international aid. Now, it has one of the fastest-growing economies in
:02:37. > :02:43.the world. We have been meeting some new entrepreneurs. Forget what
:02:43. > :02:46.you thought you knew about Ethiopia and take a look at these. It is the
:02:46. > :02:53.cocktail hour. The bright young things in downtown can look forward
:02:53. > :02:57.to a future their current could only dream. Nowhere is the change
:02:57. > :03:00.in the country's prospect more obvious than in the commodities
:03:00. > :03:09.exchange - the first on the continent. I was given the honour
:03:09. > :03:14.of kicking off the day's trade. Hands that may want to richer for
:03:14. > :03:18.help and now dealing in billions of pounds per year. It has cut out the
:03:18. > :03:23.middleman, leaving farmers better off. British aid helped set it up.
:03:23. > :03:27.We need to help unleash their entrepreneurs to create their own
:03:27. > :03:30.wealth that in time means there will have a tax base which will
:03:30. > :03:35.fund their basic services. That is how you create sustainable
:03:35. > :03:44.create a future for these countries where that are no longer dependent
:03:44. > :03:49.on aid. -- they are. It is the home of codfish and his family have been
:03:49. > :03:53.exporting raw beans for generations. The say the real money is made
:03:53. > :03:58.abroad in the roasting. What is wrong with exporting just this?
:03:58. > :04:01.There is nothing wrong with exporting the Green beans but the
:04:01. > :04:07.larger portion of the margin would be retained outside. More money is
:04:07. > :04:12.made by foreigners? Right. That is about to change, with the help of
:04:12. > :04:16.British investments, the company has received a new resting machine
:04:16. > :04:23.- it will mean a doubling in the workforce. We should have about ten
:04:23. > :04:27.times the capacity. Ten times? Correct. When the client is up and
:04:27. > :04:32.running, the company will become the first large-scale export of
:04:32. > :04:38.roast coffee from Ethiopia. What he was telling me, foreign investment,
:04:38. > :04:43.including from the British taxpayer, has been crucial. What is the
:04:43. > :04:48.secret of Ethiopia's success? Inspired by Asia's growth, the
:04:48. > :04:53.Prime Minister told me it is about picking winners. We have properly
:04:53. > :04:59.designated areas where we can invest so the economy can kick-off.
:04:59. > :05:03.In many developing economy, you are at the lowest stage of the ladder
:05:03. > :05:08.and therefore, when you want to climb the ladder, you have to start
:05:08. > :05:13.from where you are. On the outskirts of the capital, these
:05:13. > :05:18.small-scale shoe factories making a big name for itself. The government
:05:18. > :05:25.Gretel and guarded transition has created new space for the private
:05:25. > :05:31.sector. The company now has outlets around the world. We are paying
:05:31. > :05:37.five times what other companies are paying in the same industry. At the
:05:37. > :05:41.same time, we are empowering the people around here in a community.
:05:41. > :05:45.Success stories like these have helped Ethiopia notch up double-
:05:45. > :05:50.digit growth figures for much of the last decade. But there is a
:05:50. > :05:59.catch. This is an economy starting from a very low base and it has a
:05:59. > :06:03.long way to go. He is not just Ethiopia's economy that is booming.
:06:03. > :06:08.South Africa's economy is the continent's largest and most
:06:08. > :06:12.advanced in half recover. But Barack concerns that labour unrest
:06:12. > :06:21.and the aftershocks of racial apartheid are slow its progress. A
:06:21. > :06:26.people they are optimistic about the future? We went to find out. On
:06:26. > :06:30.the crowd and streets of Alexander, there are some who will tell you
:06:30. > :06:37.that South Africa is not working. Crime and unemployment have deep
:06:37. > :06:43.roots on these township on the edge of Johannesburg. The poorest wait
:06:44. > :06:49.for handouts as a sluggish economy place in Tiller hands of... People
:06:49. > :06:59.are angry be caused, if I must say, this is not the freedom that we
:06:59. > :07:05.fought for. We need jobs. We need houses. We need service delivery.
:07:05. > :07:14.We need, in order to be recognised, that we are human beings. We need
:07:14. > :07:19.that dignity to come back. And yet, Alex also offers reasons to be
:07:19. > :07:23.cheerful about this boisterous country. Fall it's daunting
:07:23. > :07:26.challenge us, it is still the biggest and most sophisticated
:07:26. > :07:33.economy on the contrary there and there is real energy and optimism
:07:34. > :07:42.even in places like this. In the heart of Alex, since there biggest
:07:42. > :07:46.malls in Africa - million people flow fruitier each month. The owner
:07:46. > :07:52.tells me there are more jobs and money than the pessimists would
:07:52. > :08:02.have you believe. What it tells is the story of the potential of South
:08:02. > :08:07.Africa. In a depressed economy where there is poverty, there is
:08:07. > :08:13.also the upside of success and wealth creation. As you can see,
:08:13. > :08:20.people here are not poor. They actually live on a strictly cash
:08:20. > :08:24.bases. They do not buy anything on credit. And so, slowly and
:08:24. > :08:29.entrepreneurial spirit is grown. It is hampered by poor education and
:08:29. > :08:36.corruption but and you generation is impatient for change. It really
:08:36. > :08:41.is up to the use and those who feel they need to get up on their own
:08:41. > :08:50.two feet to make the difference. They need to stand and do what the
:08:50. > :08:54.government is no -- not doing. the day ends with another party,
:08:54. > :08:59.South Africa has huge problems but it sometimes undersells itself.
:08:59. > :09:09.This is a younger, vibrant country, tapping into the rising confidence
:09:09. > :09:14.of an entire continent. A little over two years ago, Ghana and got
:09:14. > :09:17.oil and it its first commercial oil began flowing offshore. The
:09:17. > :09:24.government was confident it would stimulate the national economy but
:09:24. > :09:34.to use on, what has the oil meant for camions living close as to what
:09:34. > :09:40.in the paucity of Takoradi.? -- Paul city. Going to's new riches.
:09:41. > :09:46.Deep beneath the ocean, the source of huge expectations. This is the
:09:46. > :09:50.hub for that new oil and gas industry. This is Takoradi. I came
:09:50. > :09:56.here two years ago, on the point when the oil has started to flow
:09:56. > :10:02.people were calling this the oil city. I have now come back to find
:10:02. > :10:07.out what has changed and what happens when oil comes to town. You
:10:07. > :10:12.do not have to be here long to see evidence of a broom. New businesses,
:10:12. > :10:17.housing estates, even a new radio stations. I used to wake up to have
:10:17. > :10:21.three years ago, not a happy person by when you wake up in the morning,
:10:21. > :10:27.you know there are opportunities. You need to go look for them. You
:10:27. > :10:30.are excited, you know every evening you go home with no losses but lots
:10:30. > :10:35.of games. The government believes there is more to come. The promise
:10:35. > :10:42.of future oil revenues is allowing it to borrow heavily to build new
:10:42. > :10:46.roads, railways, power plants - $3 billion agreed so far from China.
:10:46. > :10:54.But, there are strings attached. It means Chinese companies are doing
:10:54. > :11:03.much of the work. Because of the nature of the project, the fast
:11:03. > :11:07.track, Whitney skilled people to work at a faster pace. -- we need.
:11:07. > :11:12.Incarnate is not that easy to find skilled people to do that work.
:11:12. > :11:18.They may be few new jobs for Canadians in the short-term are yet,
:11:18. > :11:24.at the same time, live in Takoradi is becoming more difficult for many.
:11:25. > :11:30.It is very hard because of the oil. Rents have increased. Everything
:11:30. > :11:37.has doubled in the south. We do not get anything. The white people, the
:11:38. > :11:44.Japanese, they come here to work. Even construction. Weekend D the
:11:44. > :11:48.ground by a third do not pick us, they pick Chinese people. Danang is
:11:48. > :11:51.better placed than many other African countries -- gunner with
:11:51. > :11:54.his track record of stability and democracy but the question for
:11:54. > :12:04.those who live close to the oilfields is how quickly they will
:12:04. > :12:10.
:12:10. > :12:14.From one off of Africa's great successes to one of its biggest
:12:15. > :12:18.failures. After years of problems in the Democratic Republic of Congo,
:12:18. > :12:27.the UN is sending in more troops. It is being called peacekeeping
:12:27. > :12:29.with teeth, and it will be a huge test with the UN. We asked whether
:12:29. > :12:36.this is the future of peacekeeping in places where there is little
:12:36. > :12:40.peace to keep. The UN Secretary General arrived in
:12:40. > :12:43.Gomer accompanied by the President of the World Bank. Together they
:12:43. > :12:51.were offering $1 billion worth of development money for the region in
:12:51. > :12:54.exchange for peace. At a hospital for survivors of sexual violence,
:12:54. > :12:59.Ban Ki-Moon met people who for decades have known almost permanent
:13:00. > :13:03.conflict. Conflict which the UN has done little to prevent. But he
:13:03. > :13:08.promised a new brigade of peacekeepers was about to change
:13:08. > :13:13.all that. I am sure that the UN will meet the expectations to
:13:13. > :13:18.protect the civilian population. To promote peace and security and
:13:19. > :13:25.development here. Very simply, will they find? They are mandated to
:13:25. > :13:30.enforce peace. Just Ellis earlier exchanges of artillery and rocket
:13:30. > :13:35.fire could be heard as Congolese army forces took up positions in
:13:35. > :13:39.the hills around the city. Their enemy consists largely of mutineers
:13:39. > :13:47.from the regular Army. The military and the UN say the rebels have been
:13:47. > :13:51.receiving support from Rwanda. TRANSLATION: The extra peacekeepers
:13:51. > :13:57.are welcome but at the end of the day it will be us Congolese
:13:57. > :14:01.soldiers to give our lives to win this battle. The UN has reacted
:14:01. > :14:09.quickly to this latest outburst of fighting and they have moved their
:14:09. > :14:13.forces into position here are along this road. In reality the soldiers
:14:13. > :14:18.are for the moment bystanders, pretty much incapable of acting in
:14:18. > :14:21.this conflict. These men are part of the largest peacekeeping force
:14:21. > :14:26.in the world. They say they have been held back pain and mandate
:14:26. > :14:30.that limits them to try to protect the civilian population. The new
:14:30. > :14:36.force, it is hoped, will be able to proactive we take the fight to the
:14:36. > :14:40.rebels. The -- pro actively. Meanwhile the latest fighting has
:14:40. > :14:45.already claimed its casualties. This young boy was hit by shrapnel
:14:45. > :14:48.from what is believed to be a stray rebel rocket. Over the last 20
:14:48. > :14:54.years conflict has accounted for more than 5 million deaths in this
:14:54. > :15:03.lawless region. Its people continue to be terrorised by at least 30
:15:03. > :15:09.different armed groups. Building peace will be a daunting task.
:15:09. > :15:16.Many times Rwanda has been accused of backing rebel forces in the DRC.
:15:16. > :15:21.Allegations the government denies. The Rwandan President has given a
:15:21. > :15:26.scathing assessment of the UN peacekeeping force in the country.
:15:26. > :15:32.He told us that the UN has in some cases made the political and
:15:32. > :15:41.security situation in the DRC worse. In some cases it has become worse
:15:41. > :15:49.because you can see what we had last year with the fighting and
:15:49. > :15:59.chaos and displacement of people. This came when they had been there
:15:59. > :15:59.
:15:59. > :16:04.for nearly a decade. It is not just not making it worse, not making it
:16:04. > :16:10.better that people are looking for. This time, with what we witnessed
:16:10. > :16:15.last year... Is that the motivation behind the efforts of African
:16:15. > :16:24.leaders to send in a force to create a force, to intervene, if
:16:24. > :16:30.you like, in the situation? intervention encouraged to support
:16:30. > :16:37.and needs to be culled ordinated properly but the political left the
:16:37. > :16:42.so that this is backing a political solution. Why do you think will
:16:42. > :16:46.wonder is consistently blamed? -- Rwanda. You have made this defence
:16:46. > :16:51.and presented this argument many times, but consistently we hear
:16:51. > :16:59.from international organisations, from the UN itself, pointing the
:16:59. > :17:05.finger of responsibility and Rwanda. The plane is created on the basis
:17:05. > :17:10.of the situation itself. The suffering of people there. The
:17:10. > :17:16.people seem to be interested in addressing the parental or
:17:16. > :17:21.superficial problem and not addressing the real root of the
:17:21. > :17:28.problem. In doing that they have created a self-serving industry.
:17:28. > :17:33.They want to keep going for lack of a better explanation as to why this
:17:33. > :17:38.has been going on despite efforts. They have to find where to put the
:17:38. > :17:45.blame, so they put the blame on Rwanda. Let me ask you about Euro
:17:45. > :17:49.and leadership style. -- your own. Your opponents call you a dictator.
:17:49. > :17:55.Your admirers, some like Bill Clinton, call you one of the
:17:55. > :18:02.greatest leaders of our time. What do you say when people ask about
:18:02. > :18:11.your own leadership style? What is your philosophy of leadership?
:18:11. > :18:19.leadership style is simple, like it or hate it. I deal with issues in a
:18:19. > :18:25.very straightforward manner. In some cases are can be
:18:25. > :18:29.confrontational. There are certain challenges that don't really read
:18:29. > :18:35.Kyle -- require people to run away from challenges. I don't make
:18:35. > :18:42.apologies for that. I do it in a manner that does not break the
:18:42. > :18:49.rules that the society has put in place or has come to get used to. I
:18:49. > :18:55.always want to play by the rules. He is known as the father of
:18:55. > :18:58.contemporary South African art, with art shown around the world.
:18:58. > :19:04.This week would have marked the late artist's one hundredth
:19:04. > :19:13.birthday. The exhibition in Johannesburg separates --
:19:13. > :19:18.celebrates his work as a musician as well as a painter.
:19:18. > :19:28.This is African art at its best. South Africans turned up for the
:19:28. > :19:30.
:19:30. > :19:33.master, Gerard so, though. The see -- this exhibition celebrating the
:19:33. > :19:40.centenary of his work is encouraging locals to live up to
:19:40. > :19:45.there and world-class talent. He was born in 1913 and he died in
:19:45. > :19:50.Paris in 1993. He is considered to be the father of South African
:19:50. > :19:55.modern art. His foundation gave us a private tour. This woman has
:19:55. > :20:01.written extensively about the artist. She began working on this
:20:01. > :20:10.collection in 1983. unrecognised genius this country
:20:10. > :20:15.still doesn't none. There is no education in rural schools even
:20:15. > :20:20.today. I think if I have a mission it is try it -- is to try to change
:20:20. > :20:25.that. This oil on canvas is called Song of the pit. These men are
:20:25. > :20:32.carrying picks and digging the ground. As you can see, the foreman
:20:32. > :20:42.is just standing there watching them. The artist painted this in
:20:42. > :20:43.
:20:43. > :20:51.1946. A sign of the times. He inspired a generation to learn more.
:20:51. > :20:55.We visited a world acclaimed artist to find out more. I think he was a
:20:55. > :21:04.true professional because he kept on doing the same skills that he
:21:04. > :21:11.was good at, whether it was in Europe, or here under apartheid. It
:21:11. > :21:20.shows that nothing really dampened his spirit. It is a pity we are not
:21:20. > :21:25.loaded so a good buy anything I came across of his work. One of the
:21:25. > :21:35.pioneers of social realism was also a musician and a poet. Finally, he
:21:35. > :21:39.