:00:24. > :00:29.a platform -- collided with a platform. Time for reporters.
:00:29. > :00:32.Welcome to the world's newsroom, from where we send out the world's
:00:32. > :00:38.correspondence to bring you the best stories from across the globe. In
:00:38. > :00:42.this week's programme: trying to build peace and prosperity in
:00:42. > :00:49.Egypt. We report on the economic malaise behind the country's current
:00:49. > :00:53.crisis. Egypt at all levels of society is an intensely political
:00:53. > :00:58.country but people also have to make a living and here, that is not
:00:58. > :01:03.easy. 50 years on, we look back at the raid on this Johannesburg farm,
:01:03. > :01:06.which marked a turning point in the struggle against apartheid. Although
:01:06. > :01:13.Nelson Mandela was already imprisoned by the time the raid took
:01:13. > :01:17.place, what was uncovered on that day put him on trial again.
:01:17. > :01:22.Inspiring the world, the Pakistani schoolgirl shot by the Taliban tells
:01:22. > :01:31.the UN that all children need better access to education. One child, one
:01:31. > :01:36.teacher, one book and one pen can change the world. And the rising
:01:36. > :01:41.popularity of the panda. We get up close and personal with China's most
:01:41. > :01:51.endearing species. If you are very lucky, you can do something like
:01:51. > :01:53.
:01:53. > :01:56.this. I am holding a baby panda less than one-year-old.
:01:56. > :02:02.Last week, its president was so moved by the military and this
:02:02. > :02:12.week, Egypt, one of the most important countries in the world,
:02:12. > :02:13.
:02:13. > :02:16.seemed almost on the brink of civil war. Behind the crisis in Egypt lies
:02:16. > :02:20.a serious economic malaise and whoever tries to take the country
:02:20. > :02:30.forward has to do something to give people hope not merely of peace but
:02:30. > :02:31.
:02:31. > :02:35.also of prosperity. As Egypt turns, so too does the
:02:35. > :02:42.wheel in which Mohamud's livelihood depends. With children to feed, his
:02:42. > :02:47.hands must go on working play though others around the country are raised
:02:47. > :02:57.in protest. The income from his spot is only 1/3 of what it was before
:02:57. > :03:01.Egypt's tater ship was overthrown two years ago. TRANSLATION: After
:03:01. > :03:06.the revolution, we do not sell so much, now. They are just sitting on
:03:06. > :03:12.the shelves. We used to sell to Cairo a lot. We did exhibitions for
:03:12. > :03:18.embassies and exported to Italy, Morocco. Since the revolution, it is
:03:18. > :03:24.no longer safe here, so tourists are afraid to come. His dusty village
:03:24. > :03:28.2.5 hours out of Cairo was gentrified slightly as Egypt's
:03:28. > :03:35.middle-class expanded during the last years of Hosni Mubarak's
:03:35. > :03:40.dictatorship. You do not see much of the second homeowners now all the
:03:40. > :03:44.foreigners who used to visit. The revolution is to blame. This feels a
:03:44. > :03:49.long way from Tahrir Square, but even here, there are people who
:03:49. > :03:53.travel regularly to the various protests in the capital. Egypt at
:03:53. > :03:59.all levels of society is an intensely political country but
:03:59. > :04:04.people also have to earn a living and here, that is not easy. The
:04:04. > :04:07.economy slowed almost to a halt with unemployment possibly as high as
:04:07. > :04:13.20%, rising inflation and dangerously low levels of foreign
:04:13. > :04:21.reserves. Back in Cairo, I have come to meet a man who can help put
:04:21. > :04:27.things right. He is the billionaire tycoon who connected Egyptians by
:04:27. > :04:36.starting the country's first mobile phone company. To remind everybody
:04:36. > :04:40.here what we are about. Telecoms is are the biggest in Egypt. He and his
:04:40. > :04:46.family are Egypt's largest private employers. This is a picture of how
:04:46. > :04:50.people felt after January 25. welcomed the 2011 revolution but
:04:50. > :04:54.left the country after the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi was
:04:54. > :05:00.elected president last year. Now he is back to repair the damage, he
:05:00. > :05:04.says, the brotherhood did. They frightened all the investors out of
:05:04. > :05:08.the country, especially the Egyptians. I can tell you, I am not
:05:08. > :05:16.proud of that, but for 2.5 years, I personally have not invested a penny
:05:16. > :05:21.here. I didn't even want to change my old TV in my house. This
:05:21. > :05:26.channel... We have another one, which is what we call TV live. You
:05:26. > :05:30.can see Tahrir Square right now. does not just own televisions, he
:05:30. > :05:34.owns television stations. This one helped encourage the mass protests
:05:34. > :05:39.onto Rose Square that led to the toppling of Mohamed Morsi and is
:05:39. > :05:45.still rolling on, although he now wants stability so that the IMF and
:05:45. > :05:53.other lenders will step in to save the country. Now we need to have an
:05:53. > :05:58.injection that will give us one year of time to restructure our economy.
:05:58. > :06:02.Foreign reserves are depleted. We need up to $20 billion to take us
:06:02. > :06:07.for another 18 months. That'll give us breathing space reorganise
:06:07. > :06:12.ourselves. Then we need to have an end to these demonstrations and this
:06:12. > :06:20.split in our society. What Egypt needs, even beyond democracy, is
:06:20. > :06:26.water. The water, of course, comes from the River Nile, pumped to this
:06:26. > :06:29.village by a intricate system of canals. But the pumps require fuel
:06:29. > :06:35.and that is subsidised. To pay for that, the state needs cash it has
:06:35. > :06:40.not got. And farmers like this man say they do not benefit from the
:06:40. > :06:46.subsidy anyway. His Sesame field is parched because often he cannot
:06:46. > :06:50.afford to pump the water. TRANSLATION: Every petrol station
:06:50. > :06:54.has a certain amount of diesel. Sometimes they do not get the right
:06:54. > :06:59.amount. Even when they do, the owner of the station sells it on the black
:06:59. > :07:03.market at three times the official subsidised price. That is happening
:07:03. > :07:08.almost entirely because the President cannot control the country
:07:08. > :07:12.and no one is doing their job properly. Half of all Egyptians
:07:12. > :07:18.survive below or just above the official poverty line. Alone worth
:07:18. > :07:22.nearly $5 billion was offered by the IMF but only if subsidies on bread
:07:22. > :07:27.and cooking gas as well as diesel were reduced. The Muslim Brotherhood
:07:28. > :07:32.government did not dare agree, fearing the people 's wrath. But
:07:32. > :07:39.Egypt's economy won't work until its politics do. Tycoons like this are
:07:39. > :07:42.political players as well. This is you with Henry Kissinger? Yes. He is
:07:42. > :07:48.involved in discussions with the new government and even as Egypt seems
:07:48. > :07:52.more divided than ever, he wants the Islamists included. We should reach
:07:52. > :07:56.for the Islamists in the Muslim Brotherhood. We should not go into a
:07:56. > :08:01.prosecution or a revenge state. We should try to accommodate them back,
:08:01. > :08:07.you know, and bring them back into society but as an opposition this
:08:07. > :08:10.time. On Tahrir Square as the anti-government crowds gathered once
:08:10. > :08:16.again this evening, there were not many calls for reconciliation with
:08:16. > :08:22.the Muslim Brotherhood. We don't need them. As a rule, we don't need
:08:22. > :08:31.them from the beginning of history. They are bad people. And they
:08:31. > :08:36.represent many Egyptians. They mislead. They were liars.
:08:36. > :08:42.TRANSLATION: They have no political future in Egypt, Nova Place
:08:42. > :08:46.politically. Their party should not have weapons. We don't want Egypt to
:08:46. > :08:52.be like Syria. Last night's violence appears to have only hardened views
:08:52. > :08:56.on both sides and the chances now of peaceful ways out of Egypt's crisis
:08:56. > :09:03.seen even slimmer. Back in the village, the hopes of progress to
:09:03. > :09:07.improve everyday life will have to be put on hold for even longer.
:09:07. > :09:13.Let me take you back 50 years to apartheid South Africa. A police
:09:13. > :09:16.raid took place, which was a seminal moment for the anti-apartheid
:09:16. > :09:21.struggle. Nelson Mandela was already in prison but police seized other
:09:21. > :09:26.top leaders of the ANC's military wing and found evidence that led to
:09:26. > :09:29.Nelson Mandela and others being given a life sentence. It all
:09:29. > :09:34.happened on a small farm in the north of Johannesburg, from where
:09:34. > :09:39.our correspondent reports. Police photographs taken after a
:09:39. > :09:43.raid that made history. They arrived here in a dry cleaning van as their
:09:43. > :09:48.cover and jumped out of it once they had entered the farm. They made
:09:48. > :09:53.straight for this thatched roofed room, where, as a police officer put
:09:53. > :10:02.it later, they hit the jackpot. the day of the raid, the leadership
:10:02. > :10:05.were meeting here to discuss operations for the military plan.
:10:05. > :10:08.There were discussions about the impact the sabotage campaign was
:10:08. > :10:13.having and they felt they needed something much harsher that would
:10:13. > :10:18.strike into the fabric and soul of the apartheid regime. Among those
:10:18. > :10:22.arrested here in the main building was Dennis Goldberg, an engineer who
:10:22. > :10:27.was learning how to make explosives. In his pocket when notes on where to
:10:27. > :10:32.buy castings and chemicals. He went to flush them down the toilet but
:10:32. > :10:39.was caught before he could do so. become a 1st-time full-time
:10:39. > :10:43.revolutionary was very exciting. The adrenaline was pumping every day.
:10:43. > :10:49.And suddenly, I suppose it was like how a rockstar feels after the
:10:49. > :10:53.concert is over. Absolutely flattened. The South African
:10:53. > :10:57.Communist Party purchased the farm and offered it to Nelson Mandela as
:10:57. > :11:01.a safe house to from where he could conduct his activities on behalf of
:11:01. > :11:07.the ANC and other parties while he was on the run. He used this room as
:11:07. > :11:11.a bedroom and an office while posing as a servant called David. Although
:11:11. > :11:14.Nelson Mandela was already imprisoned by the time the raid took
:11:14. > :11:18.place, what was uncovered on that day put him on trial once again
:11:18. > :11:28.together with his colleagues arrested here - all of them facing a
:11:28. > :11:30.
:11:30. > :11:33.potential death sentence. I am prepared to die. At the trial,
:11:33. > :11:37.Nelson Mandela famously declared that he had no choice but to resort
:11:37. > :11:42.to an armed struggle against a government that ignored the
:11:42. > :11:46.grievances of its black majority. Today, there is a steady stream of
:11:46. > :11:51.visitors to the restored farm, exploring the story of a raid
:11:51. > :11:55.overshadowed by the later history of how apartheid was brought to an end.
:11:55. > :12:02.But those who were discovered and arrested here 50 years ago Speaker
:12:02. > :12:12.of the raid as the spark that lit the flame. Our mistake, they say,
:12:12. > :12:12.
:12:12. > :12:15.was in coming here once too often. It is not how most teenagers would
:12:15. > :12:19.spend their 16th birthday. Malala Yousafzai, the Pakistani teenager
:12:19. > :12:25.who was shot in the head by the Taliban last year, spent her
:12:26. > :12:28.birthday addressing more than 500 young people at the United Nations
:12:28. > :12:34.headquarters in New York. She called for better access to education for
:12:34. > :12:38.children across the world. Our correspondent listen to her speech
:12:38. > :12:45.at the UN in New York. It's a teenage takeover of the United
:12:45. > :12:50.Nations. Not the usual diplomats but young people from across the globe
:12:50. > :12:55.here to demand education for every child. Their inspiration is Malala
:12:55. > :13:03.Yousafzai, who is celebrating her 16th birthday with a speech the
:13:03. > :13:07.Taliban never wanted her to make. am the same Malala Yousafzai. My
:13:07. > :13:13.ambitions are the same, my hopes are the same and my dreams are the
:13:13. > :13:18.same. The Taliban tried to kill her in Pakistan because she was
:13:18. > :13:22.campaigning for girls to have an education. Incredibly, she survived
:13:22. > :13:30.and was flown to Britain for treatment. Now, her campaign has
:13:30. > :13:38.gone global. One child, one teacher, one book, and one pen can change the
:13:38. > :13:48.world. Education is the only solution. Education first. Thank
:13:48. > :13:49.
:13:49. > :13:54.you. These teenagers, who are battling to convince their own
:13:54. > :13:57.governments to invest in education took part at the struggle. An iMac
:13:58. > :14:02.my family work for education in India and seeing that she is able to
:14:02. > :14:08.do this is amazing for me. They are here to remind world leaders of
:14:08. > :14:12.their pledge to have every child in primary education by 2015. But there
:14:12. > :14:16.are 57 million children not in school, so how can that Golby
:14:16. > :14:21.achieved? As children are in charge at the UN today, the BBC's School
:14:21. > :14:26.report team, Holly and Lauren, put that question to former Prime
:14:26. > :14:29.Minister Gordon Brown, now a UN Envoy. I am happy to go to
:14:29. > :14:33.Pakistan, Nigeria, India, Afghanistan and say to them that the
:14:33. > :14:37.rest of the world as well as your own citizens things it is not good
:14:38. > :14:41.enough that so many millions of girls and boys are not at school.
:14:41. > :14:47.What again as Malala Yousafzai's driver for girls education has
:14:47. > :14:57.become a global rallying cry. This teenager is now a world leader on
:14:57. > :15:00.
:15:00. > :15:04.the international stage. This is a nightmare for parents whose children
:15:04. > :15:09.have a condition called complex regional pain syndrome. A minor
:15:09. > :15:15.injury disrupts the nervous system, making the pain worse long after the
:15:15. > :15:20.physical injury has healed. It normally affects the elderly, but
:15:20. > :15:27.doctors are struggling to understand the effects on children. That is a
:15:27. > :15:31.Tasmanian devil? I never thought I would see one. A trip to the Natural
:15:31. > :15:34.History Museum is a treat for Kimberley, just to get through the
:15:35. > :15:42.day, she has had to increase her normal dose of powerful narcotic
:15:42. > :15:45.painkillers. All the medicines she is on, are normally given only to
:15:45. > :15:52.adults. It is severely addictive. We only use them in extreme
:15:52. > :16:00.emergencies. If I did not give it to her today, she would be laying on
:16:00. > :16:03.the sofa for 24 hours. Kimberley has complex regional pain syndrome, a
:16:03. > :16:07.disorder of the nervous system that doctors are only beginning to
:16:07. > :16:14.understand. Part of the treatment involves stimulating her senses in
:16:14. > :16:21.the way that it might change the way the brain registers pain. The lights
:16:21. > :16:25.stimulate your mood. The symptoms started after she broke her toe. The
:16:25. > :16:32.physical injury healed, but the pain remains debilitating and affects the
:16:32. > :16:42.whole body. When I hit my arm on the table, it hurts so much more than
:16:42. > :16:51.me. It feels like I broke my bone. I have been bullied for it. I have
:16:51. > :16:57.been teased. I have been told that I am lying. But I am not. Doctors
:16:58. > :17:04.confirmed that her illness is real. Absolutely no question. This is a
:17:04. > :17:12.dysfunction of the nervous system. We are not sure if this is genetic,
:17:12. > :17:18.we are not sure if an illness reciprocates it, followed by a tiny
:17:18. > :17:25.injury that sets it off. It is physiological. Don't pay attention
:17:25. > :17:30.to much how much it hurts, or the wait. This interactive video game is
:17:30. > :17:36.part of the therapy. This medical Centre is the only facility in the
:17:36. > :17:42.country that uses game technology to measure and treat chronic pain.
:17:42. > :17:50.I first came here, I was in a wheelchair. I could not do much. Now
:17:50. > :17:54.that I have gotten better, I can use this bigger screen. This year at 11
:17:54. > :18:00.year old developed the illness after bumping her knee. It's like you
:18:00. > :18:07.can't do anything. You are hopeless. You don't want to do anything. You
:18:07. > :18:13.just don't want to. Treatment here has helped enormously. There is
:18:13. > :18:18.still no cure. No one wants to see their child in pain. You can't take
:18:18. > :18:26.it away. In one can tell you how to fix it. I think that is the worst
:18:26. > :18:36.part. After a long way, her medication is wearing. What's --
:18:36. > :18:37.
:18:37. > :18:41.what's wrong? What is your pain level? At the moment, she can only
:18:41. > :18:49.manage her illness. It is hoped that technology may one day consider her
:18:49. > :18:56.brain that her body no longer hurts. Sichuan is China's most populous
:18:56. > :19:01.province. Its best-known residents are black, white and very. Giant
:19:01. > :19:07.pandas. There is no end to their popularity. You can buy stuffed
:19:07. > :19:10.pandas, panda T-shirts, there is even a TV channel devoted to them.
:19:10. > :19:18.Our correspondent has been there to get up close and personal with some
:19:18. > :19:21.of their pandas. Believe it or not, this is China's biggest brand. I am
:19:22. > :19:28.at the giant panda sanctuary in Sichuan Robinson in the heart of
:19:28. > :19:34.China. Even though there is a lot of people around here, pandas like
:19:34. > :19:39.whites because they are solitary. But let's face it. The cloud --
:19:39. > :19:44.crowd loves these creatures. This place is mainly for conservation,
:19:44. > :19:50.with only 2000 left in the world. These pandas are also worth a lots
:19:50. > :19:56.of money. 1/3 of all tourism revenue in the province comes from pandas.
:19:56. > :20:04.That comes to 16 billion US dollars. That is a lot of money for the
:20:04. > :20:10.government. It is also enough to pay for some sacks. Look at that.
:20:10. > :20:17.Enjoying a treat. We think of them as eating bamboo. They like a treat
:20:17. > :20:21.just like many other animals. Believe it or not, giant pandas are
:20:21. > :20:28.probably China's most successful export as well as brand. They are
:20:28. > :20:33.regularly and routinely lent out to countries that China wants a good
:20:33. > :20:38.relationship with. They are is symbol in many respects. Only 15
:20:38. > :20:45.zoos have pandas on loan from China. They pay millions for the privilege.
:20:45. > :20:55.They have a baby, but natural breeding is rare. China retains the
:20:55. > :20:57.
:20:57. > :21:04.rights to the club. Speaking of babies. I am so happy right now. If
:21:04. > :21:14.you are very lucky, you get to do something like this. Hold a baby
:21:14. > :21:19.
:21:19. > :21:29.panda, less than a year all. -- year old. He is in 11 months old. As you
:21:29. > :21:42.