:00:22. > :00:31.WorldCom to the special edition Reporters. —— welcome. As scientists
:00:31. > :00:36.results of the most comprehensive study of global climate change,
:00:36. > :00:37.results of the most comprehensive have a range of reports on the state
:00:37. > :00:41.of the world's environment and the challenges that lie a head. Man—made
:00:41. > :00:49.and still a ferret, we assessed challenges that lie a head. Man—made
:00:49. > :00:55.latest UN report on climate change. Secrets of the seat — we investigate
:00:55. > :01:04.how scientists are using clams to map the history of climate change.
:01:04. > :01:10.Evidence like this from the natural world is what convinces scientists
:01:10. > :01:17.that the world is getting warmer. We explored the shrinking clay shares
:01:18. > :01:22.of the Himalayas. —— Lee shows. Waste not, want not — we investigate
:01:22. > :01:30.Norway's plans to make energy from rubbish. All about waste is burnt in
:01:30. > :01:47.degrees in their. On patrol with Britain's environment agency as
:01:47. > :01:47.degrees in their. On patrol with And the great tears up like — how
:01:47. > :02:11.your's wild animal population. Cast And the great tears up like — how
:02:11. > :02:17.your's wild animal population. Cast oceans I'll warming. —— is warming.
:02:17. > :02:28.Scientists are more convinced than man—made. They're virtually certain
:02:28. > :02:31.that pollution is partly responsible for rising temperatures. Scientists
:02:31. > :02:37.believe a recent slowdown in warming is unlikely to last. We have been
:02:37. > :02:42.analysing the reports. The average temperature of the world has been
:02:42. > :02:53.rising, thought mostly to be due to the burning of coal, gas and oil.
:02:53. > :03:00.Many of the observed changes are unprecedented. The atmosphere and
:03:00. > :03:04.ocean have warmed. The amount of snow and ice has diminished. The
:03:04. > :03:06.report noted that we are seeing snow and ice has diminished. The
:03:06. > :03:11.heatwaves and heavier rainfall. snow and ice has diminished. The
:03:11. > :03:21.is likely due to human induced extremely likely, that the human
:03:21. > :03:31.influence of climate change caused more than half of the observed
:03:31. > :03:35.also has four separate scenarios for the rising temperatures for the
:03:36. > :03:36.also has four separate scenarios for of the century. The worst will
:03:36. > :03:39.result in the world's temperatures of the century. The worst will
:03:39. > :03:43.result in the world's temperatures rising between two points six and
:03:43. > :03:55.greenhouse gas emissions. The UN rising between two points six and
:03:55. > :04:05.greenhouse gas emissions. The UN Secretary General promised to act.
:04:05. > :04:08.We know the nature of the problem and the options for a it. We must
:04:08. > :04:16.act. The report also addressed the and the options for a it. We must
:04:16. > :04:16.act. The report also addressed the issue of the so—called pause in
:04:16. > :04:19.global warming. This red line shows issue of the so—called pause in
:04:19. > :04:22.global warming. This red line shows the computer projections for the
:04:22. > :04:27.rising temperatures. The white line shows how temperatures have actually
:04:27. > :04:34.increased. It shows since 1998, temperatures have not risen much.
:04:34. > :04:37.projections are wrong. The experts said such variations are to be
:04:37. > :04:46.expected. But the long—term trend was upward. It is not just one
:04:46. > :04:50.succession of multiple decades that provide us with a robust signal
:04:50. > :04:54.succession of multiple decades that changing planet. Critics argued
:04:54. > :04:59.succession of multiple decades that certain. And billions of pounds
:04:59. > :05:02.could be spent unnecessarily. Many scientists say that unless there are
:05:02. > :05:14.deep cuts in CO2, we're likely to experience what they described as
:05:14. > :05:19.The international panel issued its last climate report six years ago,
:05:19. > :05:22.at the document contains mistakes, raising questions whether research
:05:22. > :05:24.could he trusted. Researchers have been going to great lengths to back
:05:24. > :05:28.up their research this time and been going to great lengths to back
:05:28. > :05:35.investigate how the environment been going to great lengths to back
:05:35. > :05:44.changing. They even used one shell fish to map the history of climate
:05:44. > :05:47.change. A highly unusual role in studying the climate. Scientists are
:05:47. > :05:53.get to the facts of global warming. going to extraordinary lengths to
:05:53. > :05:56.get to the facts of global warming. reaching into the seabed to gather
:05:56. > :06:07.The orders cram began life 507 years clams. Clams live for a very long
:06:07. > :06:07.The orders cram began life 507 years ago, back in the time of the Tudors,
:06:07. > :06:34.conditions. They have lived for Henry VII was King. They can tell
:06:34. > :06:37.conditions. They have lived for recorders. Their record all of the
:06:37. > :06:44.conditions around them, in terms of seawater temperatures. They showed
:06:44. > :06:49.they have been increasing. The clams provide a temperature record over
:06:49. > :06:57.the past 1000 years. Warm in the climate. Ice cores offer a different
:06:57. > :07:08.source of information, as did the monitors. —— the monitors. This
:07:08. > :07:11.source of information, as did the what convinces scientists that the
:07:11. > :07:17.world is getting warmer. It is also causing at least some of this. The
:07:17. > :07:23.difficult question is how much humanity is responsible. Greenhouse
:07:23. > :07:25.gases are adding to natural changes under way. Some scientists now admit
:07:25. > :07:29.the climate is more complicated under way. Some scientists now admit
:07:29. > :07:34.first thought. We were a little under way. Some scientists now admit
:07:34. > :07:45.overconfident about the knowledge What has happened in the last ten,
:07:45. > :07:47.complexity. As another research mission gets under way, the report
:07:47. > :07:53.will say there is more evidence mission gets under way, the report
:07:53. > :07:57.ever of our role. But it might be more open about what we don't know.
:07:58. > :08:05.spectacularly wrong in its 2007 more open about what we don't know.
:08:05. > :08:05.spectacularly wrong in its 2007 report was its warning that the
:08:05. > :08:17.mistake but the new report confirms world was warming up so fast that
:08:17. > :08:25.mistake but the new report confirms that they're shrinking, as the
:08:25. > :08:29.planet heats up. Millions rely on the water release from glaciers
:08:29. > :08:33.during the dry season. We travelled to northern India explored the
:08:33. > :08:44.shaping the face of these mountains to northern India explored the
:08:44. > :08:50.shaping the face of these mountains fall centuries. Now pollution has
:08:50. > :08:54.been changing the landscape as well. We travelled deep into the mountains
:08:54. > :09:03.to see how the warming is a fact been the glaciers. The roads are
:09:03. > :09:13.boneshakers. We have come to meet this expert on his first track to
:09:13. > :09:21.great slab of ice clinging to the mountainside. Just downstream, the
:09:21. > :09:37.details and seen by satellites shrinking. You can see deposits
:09:37. > :09:41.details and seen by satellites the right and left banks. It has
:09:41. > :09:49.been left by a the glaciers after it has melted. It is full of rocks
:09:49. > :09:56.been left by a the glaciers after it trickles over it. It rushes under
:09:57. > :10:00.it. The doctor says this one has shrunk in line of climate change
:10:00. > :10:11.over recent decades. It forms part glaciers are growing. But worldwide,
:10:11. > :10:19.the vast majority of glaciers are shrinking as the planet warms. That
:10:19. > :10:54.the dry season. This trader tells me matters. Here is why. Glaciers like
:10:54. > :11:01.the dry season. This trader tells me he needs the waterfall a couple
:11:01. > :11:05.the dry season. This trader tells me glaciers last if greenhouse gases
:11:05. > :11:09.overheat the world? We welcome once mistakenly told by the year when
:11:09. > :11:15.that glaciers could disappear in decades. The UN experts in your
:11:15. > :11:25.report says it is not certain when they will grow but the threat is
:11:25. > :11:43.real. —— go. Local air—pollution is also a danger. Nassar film this
:11:43. > :11:49.cloud. —— NASA. It makes them absorb more heat and melt faster. This
:11:49. > :11:58.village contribute its share of pollution. From cooking stoves.
:11:58. > :12:00.village contribute its share of woman is one of 150 million Indian
:12:00. > :12:04.women who cook with age old mud stoves. She would like to swap it
:12:04. > :12:12.for a modern clean cooker but she cannot afford it. And her health
:12:12. > :12:13.suffers. She tells me the stove cancer house blacks, makes her
:12:13. > :12:20.cough, hurts her eyes. —— turns cancer house blacks, makes her
:12:20. > :12:23.house. They're still using wood cancer house blacks, makes her
:12:23. > :12:44.as much woodfuel. She is grateful. cooking. At this family owns a shop
:12:44. > :12:46.as much woodfuel. She is grateful. Cheat tells me that it does not
:12:46. > :12:50.as much woodfuel. She is grateful. so hot and it produces less smoke.
:12:50. > :12:55.This $40 cooker is part of these schemes supported through British
:12:55. > :13:06.pollution, protecting the glaziers government aid. By tackling the
:13:06. > :13:10.pollution, protecting the glaziers bit by bit. The greenhouse elite is
:13:10. > :13:12.—— gases which have heated the planet and shrunk the glaziers are
:13:12. > :13:21.Waste not, want not. It is a common expression. If you do not waste
:13:21. > :13:31.is part of the Norwegian effort expression. If you do not waste
:13:31. > :13:35.household rubbish is being converted to what water and electricity which
:13:35. > :13:40.is powering Oslo, the nation's capital. The process is proving
:13:40. > :13:46.controversial. As Matthew Price reports, some environmentalists
:13:46. > :13:55.controversial. As Matthew Price crying foul. The waste from tens of
:13:55. > :14:04.disgusting, decaying mass. The stench of sticks in the back of
:14:04. > :14:12.disgusting, decaying mass. The throat. Here, this is not cast as
:14:12. > :14:17.Anything they can be recycled is before it gets at this stage. And
:14:17. > :14:34.then a pilot up, one time at a time, incinerator. It is 850 degrees in
:14:34. > :14:38.here. It doesn't burn everything. Metal springs and tin cans are left
:14:38. > :14:45.over. What you get afterwards is a load of ash, some metal which can be
:14:45. > :14:55.electricity and the scalding water recycled, and an awful lot of heat.
:14:55. > :14:55.electricity and the scalding water is piped off from the plant to
:14:55. > :15:01.Oslo. Rubbish from across Europe, is piped off from the plant to
:15:01. > :15:01.Oslo. Rubbish from across Europe, helping to heat them through the
:15:01. > :15:19.be to reduce the amount of waste. helping to heat them through the
:15:20. > :15:21.be to reduce the amount of waste. When you have power plants at that
:15:21. > :15:29.required that we produce more and more waste, we are not able to
:15:29. > :15:34.reduce the amount. Public transport also runs on rubbish, fuelled by bio
:15:34. > :15:42.gas given off by decaying food and eventually to run over 100 buses
:15:42. > :15:47.each year. Supporters say that similar projects across Europe could
:15:47. > :15:54.revolutionise energy use. If done properly, it would be a much more
:15:54. > :16:05.robust energy platform for all self—sufficient in this industry.
:16:05. > :16:09.Above all, a much better climate policy for the globe. For now, most
:16:09. > :16:12.rubbish ends up not here, but in landfill. The energy locked within
:16:12. > :16:27.Poachers were once the concern of that has changed with an increase in
:16:27. > :16:31.the number of fish being fished illegally from rivers and streams.
:16:31. > :16:32.The problem has gotten so bad in the UK that the Environment Agency has
:16:32. > :16:39.stepped up undercover fisheries UK that the Environment Agency has
:16:39. > :16:45.—— fishery controls to try to stop them. We have been out with teams in
:16:45. > :16:51.temptation to fish illegally. Most Rivers like this have improved
:16:51. > :16:52.temptation to fish illegally. Most are sent to fish illegally. Most is
:16:53. > :17:01.just want to make a profit. Their indeed under the law but others
:17:01. > :17:08.illegal fishing on a stretch of boat are looking out for signs of
:17:08. > :17:09.illegal fishing on a stretch of poachers. Fisheries officers have
:17:09. > :17:18.powers of arrest but catching the harder. There are limits to the
:17:18. > :17:23.number of fish you can take in the UK but illegal nets like these can
:17:23. > :17:30.upsets fishermen like David Hunt who quickly empty a river of its entire
:17:30. > :17:34.upsets fishermen like David Hunt who obey the law. We made our way up the
:17:34. > :17:37.river and a few hundred yards from where we are, we encountered two
:17:37. > :17:49.anglers were fishing with rods out 1050 minutes later, we got a screen
:17:49. > :17:54.or a shout if you want to say come seaward we have here. They had come
:17:54. > :18:02.submerged under the surface of the two—day surveillance operation,
:18:02. > :18:05.mounted by the Environment Agency in the hope that those responsible
:18:05. > :18:08.mounted by the Environment Agency in setting the nets would return to
:18:08. > :18:17.collect them. After three or four hours a day within the observation
:18:17. > :18:22.point, I was actually watching the confluence where the nets were set
:18:22. > :18:38.and a figure came down in a dinghy. He slowly came down the side of
:18:38. > :18:41.The problem of some Eastern European fishing illegally has become so
:18:41. > :18:47.serious that the Environment Agency has launched a campaign to try and
:18:47. > :18:53.discourage the practice. For those fisheries patrol will continue to
:18:53. > :19:08.are often seen declining numbers. In habitat, wildlife around the world
:19:08. > :19:09.are often seen declining numbers. In Europe autos at the reverse is
:19:09. > :19:17.schemes and legal protection boost happening in Europe. It says that
:19:17. > :19:25.schemes and legal protection boost animal numbers across the continent.
:19:25. > :19:44.about one success story, the elusive the forests of Croatia, there are
:19:44. > :19:50.signs of them everywhere. This is where a bear slept last night. You
:19:50. > :19:59.can see how the grass is stomped are in the centre of the habitat. We
:19:59. > :20:08.are in the bear land. We estimate that the number of the population is
:20:08. > :20:13.1200 animals. We are certain that that number can be higher. As dusk
:20:13. > :20:21.nears, we venture deep into the forest. We are going to attempt
:20:21. > :20:22.nears, we venture deep into the spot about. I am whispering because
:20:22. > :20:31.these animals are incredibly wary of humans and thanks to hunting. The
:20:31. > :20:36.plan is to go up and wait and hope. Setting eyes on a bear in the wild
:20:36. > :20:39.requires patience. New research shows that bear numbers have doubled
:20:39. > :20:46.in the last 50 years and it is the same story for many of Europe's
:20:46. > :20:51.animals. The report suggests that 17 key mammals and 19 bird species
:20:51. > :20:54.animals. The report suggests that 17 all on the rise. As more and more
:20:54. > :21:02.people move to cities, it has left rural areas are free for wildlife
:21:02. > :21:09.protection and controls on hunting flourish. People have a picture
:21:09. > :21:11.protection and controls on hunting Europe that we have lost our nature
:21:11. > :21:15.of the world and a lot of Europeans and our wildlife and what the rest
:21:15. > :21:23.have the resources, if we have a still can learn from this is that
:21:23. > :21:25.have the resources, if we have a proper strategy, if we put our
:21:25. > :21:37.after hours and hours of waiting, we effort in, it actually works. That
:21:37. > :21:40.after hours and hours of waiting, we are not in luck. The bears are
:21:41. > :21:59.staying away today. These animals edition of Reporters for this week.
:21:59. > :22:17.to be in luck for the second half of the weekend. Sunday looks at being a
:22:17. > :22:24.decent default many parts of the country. A lot of decent weather
:22:24. > :22:26.sunshine but an easterly wind. That is because we are stuck between
:22:26. > :22:27.sunshine but an easterly wind. That high pressure of Scandinavia and the
:22:27. > :22:31.low in the Atlantic will not be high pressure of Scandinavia and the
:22:32. > :22:37.in the Atlantic is forcing bands and showers our way. We saw a few in the
:22:37. > :22:42.south—west yesterday. A few in southern England and Wales by the
:22:42. > :22:43.end of the night. Not a cold start to Sunday because of that breeze
:22:43. > :22:48.blowing. It will blow away most to Sunday because of that breeze
:22:48. > :22:52.the showers. Some heavy to begin with but they should become fewer
:22:52. > :22:56.and lighter in the south—west. It should be dry in northern Scotland.
:22:56. > :22:57.The rain will clear away. Some patchy cloud over the Pennines in
:22:57. > :23:03.elsewhere. The tickets cloud in patchy cloud over the Pennines in
:23:03. > :23:11.south—west, possibly south Wales. Some showers in the afternoon did
:23:11. > :23:14.the south—east. Temperatures similar not as many at all. Patchy cloud in
:23:14. > :23:15.the south—east. Temperatures similar to yesterday. More sunshine in the
:23:15. > :23:21.Midlands up across northern England and Northern Ireland. Sunny skies
:23:21. > :23:25.Scotland may see an increase of cloud. It should be dry across the
:23:25. > :23:30.whole country. Temperatures about average for this time of year. If we
:23:30. > :23:31.look ahead to the football, no sign of any league in the Premier League
:23:31. > :23:41.matches. Kick—off in the sunshine. A matches. Kick—off in the sunshine.
:23:41. > :23:53.Steelers. It should be late sunshine little later than that, at 6:00pm,
:23:53. > :23:53.Steelers. It should be late sunshine battle continues next week between a
:23:54. > :24:04.high over Scandinavia blocking off battle continues next week between a
:24:04. > :24:07.heading our way, and the weather turning more unsettled again. A
:24:07. > :24:09.heading our way, and the weather more showers around this time on
:24:09. > :24:19.Monday. Hit and mist across England north—east, it will be dry. Sunny
:24:19. > :24:23.skies. Stronger winds as well. Windy. Shall enter northern areas on
:24:23. > :24:26.Tuesday but the rain looks little more substantial and more places
:24:27. > :24:31.will get wet. Wet weather not just across England and Wales that even
:24:31. > :24:35.coming up to the southern part by the end of the day. A sign of things
:24:35. > :24:41.to come because the week ahead looks unsettled. Cloud around and showers
:24:41. > :24:46.particularly cold as we are likely to have suddenly been. —— sub ——