:00:00. > :00:18.is one `` to the Kiwis won, 20`18. It is time for Reporters.
:00:19. > :00:26.Welcome to Reporters. From here, in the world 's newsroom, we send out
:00:27. > :00:32.correspondence to bring you that West stories from across the group.
:00:33. > :00:36.`` is the best stories. Two weeks on from the fall of Gaddafi. We report
:00:37. > :00:43.from Libya and worst violence since 2011. Getting over the legacy of 40
:00:44. > :00:51.years of dictatorship has proved to be much harder than anyone here
:00:52. > :00:55.expected. David Loyn X `` inspects the war against the opium trade, as
:00:56. > :01:01.Afghanistan 's harvest reaped `` reaches a record high. The rise of a
:01:02. > :01:07.corporate woman. We report on a new revolution in India's boardrooms.
:01:08. > :01:11.Women have always worked in India but their rise has proved a success.
:01:12. > :01:14.It is remarkable given the conservative attitudes towards
:01:15. > :01:19.women. The barefoot diplomat. We meet the Japanese envoy using
:01:20. > :01:30.wrestling to help unite the people of Sudan. You will be back? I will
:01:31. > :01:33.be back. Two years from the fall of Gaddafi, Libyans are still yearning
:01:34. > :01:38.for peace and order to replace the guns and instability. This week
:01:39. > :01:45.brought some of the worst violence since 2011, as missionaries went
:01:46. > :01:51.into the capital Tripoli. Libya has been massive tribes, militias and
:01:52. > :01:53.city states. As many as 1700 different armed groups operate
:01:54. > :01:57.within the country. As we report from Tripoli, the government has
:01:58. > :02:05.been unable to bring many of the groups under control. Tripoli can
:02:06. > :02:17.look calm, but it is in little kind of quiet. `` it is a brutal. There
:02:18. > :02:21.has been the worst violence since the fall of Gaddafi, in 2011. It
:02:22. > :02:24.started with a shootout between rival militias, and when civilians
:02:25. > :02:35.protest at my they were attacked and killed. Armed groups often take
:02:36. > :02:39.differences to the streets. Some militia started out fighting the
:02:40. > :02:43.Gaddafi regime. Others, often no more than criminal gangs, have
:02:44. > :02:56.appeared since the civil war. All of them and so only to themselves.
:02:57. > :03:01.National security forces are being created, slowly. The interim
:03:02. > :03:05.government hope they will help by a cover new constitution and
:03:06. > :03:07.elections. These men proclaimed loyalty to the Prime Minister, but
:03:08. > :03:13.the politicians bicker or supper they are nowhere close to taming
:03:14. > :03:22.Libya. It has been a mess of city states and tribes since Gaddafi
:03:23. > :03:26.fell. When Colonel Gaddafi went, so did his institutions, starting with
:03:27. > :03:31.the security forces. They have had to rebuild from the bottom up. Doing
:03:32. > :03:35.that, and getting over the legacy of 40 years of dictatorship, has proved
:03:36. > :03:45.to be much harder than anyone here expected. The abandoned prison in
:03:46. > :03:53.Tripoli is a symbol of the Gaddafi regime is brutality. The random
:03:54. > :04:01.violence left behind. For any minute, we are waiting to be go cold
:04:02. > :04:06.`` to go, to be killed. He was a prisoner for 30 years, but says he
:04:07. > :04:10.was still hopeful, but fears that the thirst for revenge are ruining
:04:11. > :04:22.the future for every Libyan family. We have to fight for tolerance. Even
:04:23. > :04:29.the enemies who were tortured, we need a state of rights, a ret ``
:04:30. > :04:39.state of rule. We live in a fraternal society. Many Libyans to
:04:40. > :04:41.feel the same way. There is a risk that newly trained government
:04:42. > :04:51.security courses will get caught up in political battles as well a
:04:52. > :04:53.street violence. If the new army ends up as just one week player in a
:04:54. > :04:59.country full of competing armed groups, Libya 's unhappy, I'm stable
:05:00. > :05:10.and violent persons will the future, too. `` unstable. All Libyans feel
:05:11. > :05:15.insecure about the future. In this, there are families whose men fought
:05:16. > :05:32.for Gaddafi. The men were accused of killing and rape. He was arrested by
:05:33. > :05:39.fighters, tortured and killed. She said, I do not want to be here.
:05:40. > :05:46.Libya is a country any more. `` not my country. Reconciliation can take
:05:47. > :05:51.generations. Without security for everyone, lives will go on being
:05:52. > :06:02.blighted. Libya cannot escape Gaddafi 's poison legacy. It is a
:06:03. > :06:07.trade that scars Afghanistan and the world outside. Despite efforts to
:06:08. > :06:12.stamp out opium, a United Nations report has found the country 's
:06:13. > :06:16.drugs harvest has a record high. Opium production has risen by more
:06:17. > :06:20.than one third in a year. This applies Afghanistan is millionplus
:06:21. > :06:26.addicts, as was the global demand for the refined form, heroine. We
:06:27. > :06:29.report on the uranium border, where police are struggling to stop the
:06:30. > :06:35.flow of drugs flooding out of Afghanistan. Flowers, being picked
:06:36. > :06:41.in Afghanistan, where most of the world 's opium poppies are grown.
:06:42. > :06:52.These are not opium poppies. They are the only crop that brings a
:06:53. > :06:56.higher price. Saffron. The fragile flowers are carefully weighed, and
:06:57. > :07:00.then each are picked apart to reveal the three red cords that give the
:07:01. > :07:09.taste and colour of the spice that is literally worth its weight in
:07:10. > :07:15.gold. The saffron, used to grow opium poppies. He has persuaded his
:07:16. > :07:23.neighbours all to move to saffron. TRANSLATION: if every farmer had
:07:24. > :07:32.access to saffron, there would be freed from poverty. `` they would
:07:33. > :07:34.be. The Afghan government is sponsoring saffron growing in this
:07:35. > :07:38.neighbouring area, a desperate attempt in the year of a record
:07:39. > :07:45.harvest to reduce poppy growing, there. Nothing else has worked, and
:07:46. > :07:50.signs of the failure to stop poppies are everywhere. Afghanistan has more
:07:51. > :08:03.than 1 million addicts, living on the margins of society. The police
:08:04. > :08:11.to seize some drugs. Locked in a storeroom, we found losing sacks of
:08:12. > :08:14.opium. In the refined form, heroine. This is raw opium, the product of
:08:15. > :08:20.poppies, most of which in Afghanistan are grown in this area.
:08:21. > :08:25.British forces came here 12 years ago, with the principal reason of
:08:26. > :08:32.stopping poppy growing. A record harvest in the year that they leave
:08:33. > :08:35.is a mark of failure. We went to the rhenium border, with police who are
:08:36. > :08:45.trying to stop the tide of drugs flooding out of the country. They do
:08:46. > :08:49.a random search of some trucks. The deputy head of the board of police
:08:50. > :08:59.said that he thought every day, up to ten trucks get through, carrying
:09:00. > :09:02.drugs. TRANSLATION: they worked tirelessly, but the drugs are often
:09:03. > :09:09.built into the vehicles. They cannot take apart every truck. The van
:09:10. > :09:13.arrived with seats tied to the roof, giving space to a coffin being
:09:14. > :09:16.collected at the border by the family of this man, killed by
:09:17. > :09:24.uranium police trying to cross over it legally. `` Iranians. One place
:09:25. > :09:30.close to the border is now called Widows Village, since so many people
:09:31. > :09:32.have been killed going into Iran, carrying drugs. The village elder
:09:33. > :09:36.said that only women and small children are left. The young men are
:09:37. > :09:46.rolled dead, shot by Iranians on the border, who captured and hung the
:09:47. > :09:54.smugglers. She is bitter that a home is now called Widows Village. She
:09:55. > :09:58.lost three sons, and her husband. A short walk up the hill from Widows
:09:59. > :10:03.Village, here is the evidence as to how it got it's rather grim name.
:10:04. > :10:06.The graveyard, with many recent graves of young men, whose bodies
:10:07. > :10:13.have been brought back across the border. Many of course, after being
:10:14. > :10:21.hanged, remain in Iran, causing more grief to the widows and children.
:10:22. > :10:35.The results of the failure to stop this trade style Afghanistan and the
:10:36. > :10:38.world outside. There is a quiet revolution going on in the
:10:39. > :10:43.boardrooms of India. Eight of the country 's top banks are now run by
:10:44. > :10:46.women. Compare that with London, the world 's biggest financial centre,
:10:47. > :10:50.which has no women at the helm of any of the British banks. Reeta
:10:51. > :11:07.Chakrabarti has been to India's financial capital to find out what
:11:08. > :11:11.is making the women flourish there. Banking has been one of the engines
:11:12. > :11:14.driving the Indian economy and its growth has seen a startling rise in
:11:15. > :11:18.the success of women, not just on the shop floor, but right at the
:11:19. > :11:21.top. This woman has worked at the second`largest bank in the country
:11:22. > :11:25.for 30 years and she now leads it. How is it that women like her have
:11:26. > :11:28.done so well? The banks are making a decision based on merit. They are
:11:29. > :11:32.picking the candidate that they think is most meritorious. Without
:11:33. > :11:37.any inhibition in the mind of whether it is a male or female. As
:11:38. > :11:40.banking has grown, so has female talent. Since the 1980s, this bank
:11:41. > :12:01.has nurtured promising women and there are now eight that are headed
:12:02. > :12:05.by female executives. They include this woman who says that women in
:12:06. > :12:08.India have an advantage as there is always extended family. I think
:12:09. > :12:10.family support is a huge distinction. My mum or my
:12:11. > :12:14.mother`in`law or even my father and father`in`law would come by and help
:12:15. > :12:17.me when I was stuck in a situation. These other corporate bosses of the
:12:18. > :12:19.future, competition to get into this management college is unbelievably
:12:20. > :12:25.faced with around 1,000 applications per place. The girls are determined
:12:26. > :12:35.to succeed. I wanted to study hard. I want to work and make a
:12:36. > :12:39.contribution. Many more women are breaking a glass ceiling and it is
:12:40. > :12:44.now about the talent you have and less about the social constraints.
:12:45. > :12:50.It is 20 years... The first funeral banking boss was in the 1990s and
:12:51. > :12:54.she says it was a lonely business. Banking has always been seen as a
:12:55. > :12:58.good option for women. These women join because it is a dream job for
:12:59. > :13:10.them. Families don't object to them doing this. They meet so many people
:13:11. > :13:14.deal with money. Women have always worked in India, but their rise in
:13:15. > :13:21.the last two decades has proved a phenomenal success. It is all the
:13:22. > :13:23.more remarkable given each additionally conservative attitudes
:13:24. > :13:32.towards women in many parts of the country. With much of the population
:13:33. > :13:35.still lacking basic education, those attitudes won't disappear soon, but
:13:36. > :13:48.the educated middle class is growing and now equals around 250 million
:13:49. > :14:02.people. With numbers like that, India's female corporate revolution
:14:03. > :14:08.may have only just begun. For women leading the way in India, there is
:14:09. > :14:17.been a quiet revolution in the boardrooms. It may just be the
:14:18. > :14:20.beginning. This week saw two of America's biggest anniversaries.
:14:21. > :14:25.Hundred and 50 years since Ibrahim Lincoln delivered to get a speed
:14:26. > :14:28.address during a civil war in the 50th anniversary of the
:14:29. > :14:33.assassination of John F. Kennedy. Both events changed America and
:14:34. > :14:39.history rates the two men as amongst its most significant leaders. But
:14:40. > :14:47.although the two men occupied the White house a century apart, both of
:14:48. > :14:53.them presided over a divided nation. It is burden 1863, 50 1,000 men
:14:54. > :15:01.killed in Jeddah and three days of battle. To honour the dead,
:15:02. > :15:08.President Lincoln gave to get as Burke address. On the stamp fields,
:15:09. > :15:12.he rededicated the American republic to its original ideals. For school
:15:13. > :15:18.in seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a
:15:19. > :15:21.new nation, is `` conceived and liberty and dedicate to the
:15:22. > :15:27.proposition that all men are created equal. We are resolved that the
:15:28. > :15:35.government of the people by the people for the people shone not
:15:36. > :15:38.perish from the earth. For him, the American revolution was unfinished.
:15:39. > :15:44.They work only thus far. Hundred and 50 years on, it is still unfinished,
:15:45. > :15:49.Americans are still arguing about how to live the ideal is the
:15:50. > :15:53.republic is founded on. Still bitterly divided about what
:15:54. > :15:57.government of the people for the people by the people should mean in
:15:58. > :16:01.practice. Get as Burke and John F. Kennedy are connected. Both
:16:02. > :16:05.presidents sought to use the power of the Federal government to force
:16:06. > :16:09.change on conservative states. Both trying to force America to live up
:16:10. > :16:15.to its founding ideals as they saw them. Both made fierce enemies as a
:16:16. > :16:23.result. What the war was doing was preserving this unique system of
:16:24. > :16:28.democracy, of Republican rule. It is testing whether this can survive.
:16:29. > :16:32.And Kennedy, the parallel is, what to see speak of in has inaugural
:16:33. > :16:38.address and focus on and has a stray should, the struggle for freedom and
:16:39. > :16:45.liberty to preserve the democracy we have here and around the globe. But
:16:46. > :16:50.black America was excluded from the get as Burke promised. The post`
:16:51. > :16:55.slavery south are PAL racial segregation for a century. That
:16:56. > :17:00.century separates Lincoln from John F. Kennedy and when Kennedy began to
:17:01. > :17:07.challenge white supremacy, the white South revolted. That revolt is what
:17:08. > :17:11.bought John F Kennedy to Dallas that fateful day 50 years ago. His
:17:12. > :17:17.challenge to white privilege of reawaken the old fault line in
:17:18. > :17:21.America. Conservative fears of an overweening Federal government.
:17:22. > :17:24.Right`wing extremists did not kill Kennedy but his visit to Dallas to
:17:25. > :17:31.try to appease them did. What was the nature of the anti` Kennedy
:17:32. > :17:34.sentiment in the South? It is better understood less as anti` Kennedy
:17:35. > :17:38.sentiment than antifederal government sentiment. The two
:17:39. > :17:42.driving elements in American political street going back to the
:17:43. > :17:46.revolution are how are we going to deal with race, and what role the
:17:47. > :17:49.government should play in telling individuals how to live their lives.
:17:50. > :17:56.This was the exact cause of the civil war. The same argument that
:17:57. > :18:01.animates civil rights. It is one of the tensions that drives American
:18:02. > :18:04.politics today. There is an unbroken line of continuity that runs from
:18:05. > :18:10.get as Burke from Dallas to our own age. A struggle for ascendancy
:18:11. > :18:12.between two Americas, conservative America that seeks to champion the
:18:13. > :18:17.sovereignty of the individual citizen against the State and
:18:18. > :18:21.another America that claims to speak for progress and seeks to harness
:18:22. > :18:27.the power of the state to impose it. An argument about what it means
:18:28. > :18:33.to be a true American. What it means to be a true American was the issue
:18:34. > :18:37.at get as Burke. Who was embraced by the founding ideals and who was
:18:38. > :18:42.excluded. Americans remain divided about what it really means to be a
:18:43. > :18:48.new nation conceived in Liberty and how to advance that opposition that
:18:49. > :18:53.all men are created equal. Adam Little reporting. Appearances can be
:18:54. > :18:57.deceptive. Yasuhiro Murotatsu is the political officer at the Japanese
:18:58. > :19:04.Embassy in Sudan. Out of the office, he is known as the barefoot
:19:05. > :19:07.diplomat. He practices an unusual form of physical diplomacy, taking
:19:08. > :19:10.on some of Sudan's biggest wrestlers. He says he hopes his
:19:11. > :19:16.fights can help bring the Sudanese people together. From the outside,
:19:17. > :19:19.this looks like a regular Japanese embassy with its small displays of
:19:20. > :19:21.national pride and ordinary officials in smart suits
:19:22. > :19:28.representing their nation on foreign soil. Sometimes appearances can be
:19:29. > :19:32.deceptive. This diplomat is also a wrestler. What's more, he hopes that
:19:33. > :19:40.fighting against local champions can help unite the Sudanese. I hope
:19:41. > :19:47.peace and stability will be achieved. I am very happy if all
:19:48. > :20:06.Sudanese tribes come to support my opponents. Murotatsu had been an
:20:07. > :20:10.able wrestler as a schoolboy. When he read about Sudanese wrestling,
:20:11. > :20:27.one of the oldest forms, he decided to join in. The barefoot diplomat as
:20:28. > :20:33.they call him has a problem. So far, Murotatsu has fought for times and
:20:34. > :20:35.always lost. Could this be the moment when the Japanese challenger
:20:36. > :20:46.finally overcomes a Sudanese wrestler? Once the fight begins,
:20:47. > :20:49.Murotatsu launches into an attack. Sometimes bouts last for several
:20:50. > :20:57.minutes, this one ends quickly. Another fight, another fall for the
:20:58. > :21:01.barefoot diplomat. The loss has not dented his popularity, it has
:21:02. > :21:05.perhaps enhanced it. The Sudanese are delighted that a foreigner is
:21:06. > :21:09.taking them on at one of their national sport. Does this unlikely
:21:10. > :21:21.wrestler feel he has achieved his goal? Not yet. I need to be
:21:22. > :21:28.stronger. I need to make Sudanese unified against the Japanese
:21:29. > :21:33.wrestler. I shall continue. I will wind. Murotatsu will have one last
:21:34. > :21:36.chance to wow the crowds and score the first victory before his
:21:37. > :21:43.diplomatic posting in Sudan comes to an end. That is all from Reporters.
:21:44. > :22:11.From me and the team, goodbye. Quite cold out at the moment.
:22:12. > :22:12.Nothing out of the ordinary but you will