:00:00. > :00:18.Now on BBC News it's time for Reporters.
:00:19. > :00:26.Hello and welcome to Reporters. From here, in the world 's newsroom, we
:00:27. > :00:34.send our correspondence to bring you the best toys from across the
:00:35. > :00:41.globe. This week: The horrors of Aleppo. Read access to Syria, as our
:00:42. > :00:47.correspondent sees a city living in danger and fear. Tens of thousands
:00:48. > :00:51.have fled Aleppo after a campaign of bombing by the government. The
:00:52. > :00:55.damage is across large swathes of the city and whole neighbourhoods
:00:56. > :01:00.have been abandoned. Separated at birth by war. Our correspondent
:01:01. > :01:05.joins the Vietnam veteran reunited with a son who has never met him.
:01:06. > :01:10.Our correspondent reports on the premature end of Mount Everest's
:01:11. > :01:16.climbing season after Sherpas are killed. While many of the climbers
:01:17. > :01:20.might hope to return. For many, this tragedy has meant that their lives
:01:21. > :01:26.have changed for ever. Inside Tutankhamun's tomb. Or, is it Paz
:01:27. > :01:30.our correspondent investigates why the War Chechen authorities are
:01:31. > :01:34.making a replica of one of the most favour `` famous relics. The
:01:35. > :01:48.conditions have deteriorated. The reason for that is this. Human
:01:49. > :01:53.breath. It was once known as the jewel of Syria. Now, Aleppo is a
:01:54. > :01:57.city living in danger. Syria's tripling war has taught it apart.
:01:58. > :02:04.Killing thousands. Human Rights Watch has accused forces of
:02:05. > :02:09.terrorising the rebel held city with an indiscriminate war against
:02:10. > :02:15.civilians. Using crude but deadly barrel bombs thrown from helicopters
:02:16. > :02:19.from a height of 7000 feet. Ian Pannell and Darren Conway the only
:02:20. > :02:25.Western broadcasters who have visited the city since last year.
:02:26. > :02:32.They sent this exclusive report. Engolfed by darkness and fear. The
:02:33. > :02:38.heart of Syria's biggest city. Life has become so dangerous, drivers
:02:39. > :02:48.must turn off their lights to avoid attack from above. Even in the dead
:02:49. > :02:52.of night the war grinds on. The government insists it is protecting
:02:53. > :03:00.people, targeting terrorists in residential areas. Often, it is
:03:01. > :03:03.civilians who are hit. Everyone keeps an eye on the sky, looking for
:03:04. > :03:11.helicopters armed with barrel bombs that art to the ground. `` that are
:03:12. > :03:17.tossed to the ground. They are indiscriminate and devastating.
:03:18. > :03:31.Whenever they land, it is the civil Defence Force that comes to the
:03:32. > :03:36.rescue. ``Civil. Their jobs are as grim as they are dangerous. Rushing
:03:37. > :03:40.in, sometimes under fire, to free the injured and recover the debt. ``
:03:41. > :03:51.dead. Barrel bombs are believed to have
:03:52. > :03:59.killed hundreds in Aleppo this year. Maiming many more.
:04:00. > :04:05.This video, from the Aleppo media centre, is extraordinary. The
:04:06. > :04:15.Defence Force desperately claw at debris. A young boy has been buried.
:04:16. > :04:22.His limbs are freed. It's not clear if he is. Suddenly, there is
:04:23. > :04:33.movement. A nine`year`old boy is rescued. This was Syria's economic
:04:34. > :04:39.heartland. Today, it is a decrepit shell of its former self. The
:04:40. > :04:45.bombardment rarely stops and the emergency team had out again.
:04:46. > :04:49.TRANSLATION: We are doing this because Alcaig will need help and
:04:50. > :04:58.rescuing. Someone to lend them at hand. `` because our people. I want
:04:59. > :05:03.to say civilians. Driving through a maze of streets, residents shout
:05:04. > :05:11.directions to the bomb site. Underwear, the team had strayed into
:05:12. > :05:20.a frontline position. `` I'm aware. Government snipers take aim. This is
:05:21. > :05:31.perhaps the most dangerous job in one of the world 's most dangerous
:05:32. > :05:38.cities. We were in Aleppo when the fighting started. Today, much of
:05:39. > :05:44.this vast ancient city has been ravaged by a relentless civil war.
:05:45. > :05:49.Whole districts by almost abandoned, scarred by a war that has displaced
:05:50. > :06:03.40% of the population and killed what is thought to be more than
:06:04. > :06:08.150,000. In the last few minutes, they have been two bomb strikes in
:06:09. > :06:12.this residential neighbourhood. Much of it has been abandoned. Emergency
:06:13. > :06:16.services have just arrived. Then from the Defence Force have gone
:06:17. > :06:22.into this area to find civilians who have been injured or, even worse,
:06:23. > :06:28.killed. A barrel bombs has landed on the small street. There were no
:06:29. > :06:35.fighters here, just residents calorie and from a helicopter. It
:06:36. > :06:41.killed a four`year`old boy and injured several others, including
:06:42. > :06:47.this woman's husband. `` cowering. TRANSLATION: We heard the first
:06:48. > :06:49.blast and I asked my husband to get the kids off the street. Suddenly,
:06:50. > :06:57.it hit us. It was like someone picked me up and threw me inside. Do
:06:58. > :07:02.you have anywhere to go? TRANSLATION: I have nowhere to go. I
:07:03. > :07:10.just want my husband back, and nothing else. Tens of thousands have
:07:11. > :07:15.fled Aleppo this year. Most live in makeshift camps huddled near the
:07:16. > :07:20.border. There are no signs of an end to this war `` there are no signs.
:07:21. > :07:23.Syrians feel shunned by what they see as the indifference of the
:07:24. > :07:26.outside world. Defenceless in the face of incessant attacks. With
:07:27. > :07:33.little hope of other respite or relief.
:07:34. > :07:41.Is years since the Vietnam War ended in a humiliating defeat for America.
:07:42. > :07:48.Thousands of servicemen who fought in the war, left behind children
:07:49. > :07:51.they fathered them. Now in their 60s and 70s, some veterans are desperate
:07:52. > :07:58.to find the sons and daughters they have never known. Our correspondent
:07:59. > :08:04.joined one veteran on his search. April, 1975 and the last Americans
:08:05. > :08:07.leave Saigon, leaving behind their girlfriends and the tens of
:08:08. > :08:17.thousands of children they fathered during some 20 years of war. You
:08:18. > :08:25.have the GI with you when you did this? This man, a 62`year`old former
:08:26. > :08:28.GI is back in Saigon, looking for his son. He has a photo of his
:08:29. > :08:36.former girlfriend whom he only knows by the nickname, Brandy. How long
:08:37. > :08:41.has she been in this area? With an interpreter, he heads for the area
:08:42. > :08:47.where he shared a house with Brandy. He has the address, but they can't
:08:48. > :08:53.find it. People explained that when the Vietcong took over, they changed
:08:54. > :08:57.the street names. They suggest that Jerry goes to a house around the
:08:58. > :09:02.corner to talk to the son of another GI who is visiting Saigon. They find
:09:03. > :09:07.this man, the son of an African`American soldier. Do you
:09:08. > :09:12.remember any American children that had red hair? There is quite a
:09:13. > :09:21.here, few overhear. Really? They went to school with you? Yes. I only
:09:22. > :09:28.went to the third grade. This man now lives in New York. He was one of
:09:29. > :09:30.thousands of the children who, the American government allowed to
:09:31. > :09:36.settle in America in the 1980s. Gerry continues searching. He shows
:09:37. > :09:39.his photos to everyone he met. Including the daughter of the woman
:09:40. > :09:46.who used to be the midwife in the area. Oh my goodness. I remember
:09:47. > :09:53.her. Do you know why? I sat next to her. I talked to her a lot. Did you
:09:54. > :10:01.help deliver my baby? Yes, so, you held my baby in your hands? I have a
:10:02. > :10:08.question. They are hold dual hands? Of course. Because, these hands held
:10:09. > :10:17.my baby. There is just so much emotion in my heart right now. I may
:10:18. > :10:27.never see him or touch him. This is as close as I will get. Right here.
:10:28. > :10:33.Through Kim, Gerry knows his sons surname and he puts the name and the
:10:34. > :10:37.photos on Facebook `` son's. Two weeks later, a 41`year`old male in
:10:38. > :10:45.New Mexico recognises the photos online, and copies had been given to
:10:46. > :10:50.him by his mother. By the time Gerry and rise at the suburb of
:10:51. > :10:53.Albuquerque, he learns that Brandy was targeted are the Vietcong when
:10:54. > :10:59.they entered Saigon and like so many of the girlfriend of GIs, she
:11:00. > :11:09.abandoned her son. Gary and his family are waiting for him. Wow! 30
:11:10. > :11:22.years. `` there he is. Hello. How are you guys? A hug, to make up for
:11:23. > :11:27.the last 40 years. It turns out that carry a right in America when he was
:11:28. > :11:31.eight. Before then, it wasn't easy for him and the other children of
:11:32. > :11:38.the enemy, as they were called. It was growing up back home, being half
:11:39. > :11:46.white, half Vietnamese is not fun. I never knew you were a complete
:11:47. > :12:05.orphan. In my mind, you would have been with your mother. From now on,
:12:06. > :12:08.neither intends to let the other go. It is an issue affecting many people
:12:09. > :12:12.around the world. We are living longer. But how do we help an ageing
:12:13. > :12:16.population live happy and independent lives? Manchester might
:12:17. > :12:21.be the first city in the world to solve that problem. It has been
:12:22. > :12:25.recognised as each friendly. Graham Satchell has been there to find out
:12:26. > :12:30.how they have been making it easier for their senior citizens to live
:12:31. > :12:35.their lives. Manchester is a vibrant city with a
:12:36. > :12:42.young population. Surprisingly, it is also the first age friendly city
:12:43. > :12:46.in the UK. You have got to have eyes all over the place. It's the only
:12:47. > :12:54.way I can get across here. Tommy is 81. In the centre of town, he is
:12:55. > :12:59.struggling to cross the world `` cross the road. It is frightening.
:13:00. > :13:03.You take your life in your hands. For an elderly person who isn't
:13:04. > :13:09.quick on their feet, probably a little deaf, visually impaired, very
:13:10. > :13:13.risky! Very, very risky. It's not just getting about that worries
:13:14. > :13:18.Tommy. One of the worst thing is for elderly people is a lack of toilets.
:13:19. > :13:21.There is only one toilet in Manchester near the town Hall! As
:13:22. > :13:32.the population ages, how do you adapt cities to make them age
:13:33. > :13:41.friendly? Tommy took us is part of Manchester, Whittington. In the
:13:42. > :13:46.butchers, a chair. That chair. If you have been walking around
:13:47. > :13:49.shopping, it is nice to have a sit down. At the bus stop, side panels
:13:50. > :13:52.have been put in to protect against the rain. It was called stood here
:13:53. > :14:00.are so it is important to have these panels. But in the scheme of things,
:14:01. > :14:04.it is just a good service. A meeting of the age when the Manchester group
:14:05. > :14:08.and visitors from Germany and Japan. It may not look much but Manchester
:14:09. > :14:13.has been listening to people like Tommy and making small changes to
:14:14. > :14:19.transport, housing, social care, taking account of older people every
:14:20. > :14:22.policy decision they make. On two of Whittington, the international
:14:23. > :14:30.delegation sees shops with age friendly stickers and his plans
:14:31. > :14:33.about the future. `` on a tour. Can Japan learn lessons from Manchester?
:14:34. > :14:40.Evidently. It is a grassroots approach, based on the reality of
:14:41. > :14:43.society. They are trying to make it a world`class city, that elderly
:14:44. > :14:58.people are happy that `` are happy with. A trip to Manchester Art
:14:59. > :15:02.Gallery. My God! Is that beautiful? This is to get all the people out of
:15:03. > :15:09.their houses, to counter the effects of isolation and loneliness. Tommy
:15:10. > :15:15.is here with pans. I go out every day. It has made a big difference.
:15:16. > :15:24.Without going out, I would be lost. `` Anne. Anne's husband died 18
:15:25. > :15:27.years ago and she became isolated before becoming involved with the
:15:28. > :15:30.programme. If I wasn't busy like this, I would be on tablets for this
:15:31. > :15:33.and that and in hospital because you lose hope. If you aren't doing
:15:34. > :15:38.things. You have to do things and you have to try things new. Many of
:15:39. > :15:42.the changes made a small but Manchester is leading the way in its
:15:43. > :15:51.thinking, its planning, for a world with more and more older people.
:15:52. > :15:54.Climbers have been returning from Mount Everest base camp this week
:15:55. > :15:58.after Sherpa guides cancelled this year's climbing season. They served
:15:59. > :16:04.in memory of the 16 sherpas that died in an avalanche should `` the
:16:05. > :16:10.short time ago. We met one survivor who witnessed his colleagues die
:16:11. > :16:13.under the eyes and said he would never return to the mountain.
:16:14. > :16:21.A wall of ice that swept away everything in its path. It struck
:16:22. > :16:28.just as Nepal's sherpa guides were planning to brute to prepare for the
:16:29. > :16:33.season. It was the worst tragedy it had seen. Hundreds tried to scale
:16:34. > :16:39.the slopes every year. It is the sherpas they depend on to lead the
:16:40. > :16:42.way. This man was buried under the snow for three hours before he was
:16:43. > :16:46.rescued. Out of danger, still in shock. He says he has seen his
:16:47. > :16:56.fellow guides die around him. TRANSLATION: The ice fell on us. It
:16:57. > :17:05.was so scary. This was my last client. I will never go up Everest
:17:06. > :17:07.again. In memory of those who died, most of the other guides have
:17:08. > :17:10.decided that for this year they won't make the client. Groups have
:17:11. > :17:22.been returning from the mountains base camp. `` makes the climb. Three
:17:23. > :17:24.years ago I was in a big skiing accident and I couldn't walk
:17:25. > :17:30.upstairs. Here I am now taking on Everest. I was very much looking
:17:31. > :17:36.forward to it. Then, to find this was closed, it was an emotional
:17:37. > :17:41.thing for me. For a country that depend heavily on tourism, this is a
:17:42. > :17:44.loss in many ways. The climbing season for Mount Everest seems like
:17:45. > :17:50.it is over this year. While many of the climbers might look to return
:17:51. > :17:56.another year, for many this tragedy has meant their lives has changed
:17:57. > :18:02.forever. This woman's husband was one of the sherpas who died. She has
:18:03. > :18:09.an 11 `month`old baby girl. Both her mother and father now, she tells me.
:18:10. > :18:15.`` I am both her mother and father. I have to take care of her. I am
:18:16. > :18:18.helpless. I want the government to give me a job. While she things
:18:19. > :18:21.about the future of her daughter, it will be hard for her to look back at
:18:22. > :18:26.the mountains that once gave her life, that have today taken away so
:18:27. > :18:30.much. From one of Nepal's most popular
:18:31. > :18:38.tourist destinations to one of Egypt's. A replica of the tomb of
:18:39. > :18:42.Tutankhamun is to be revealed, to save the real tomb from the wear and
:18:43. > :18:47.tear that tourist inflict. But will it be happy with a copy?
:18:48. > :18:51.Correspondent has been given a sneak peek of the Tutankhamun facsimile.
:18:52. > :18:56.The Valley of the Kings in Luxor contains some of the most famous
:18:57. > :18:59.burial chambers in the world, but the most celebrated is the tomb of
:19:00. > :19:01.the Boy King, Tutankhamen, discovered by a team led by Howard
:19:02. > :19:14.Carter, a British archaeologist, in 1992. `` 1922. For more than 3,000
:19:15. > :19:21.years, this tomb survived in almost pristine condition. But after nine
:19:22. > :19:24.decades of tourism, wiht thousands of visitors every day, conditions
:19:25. > :19:32.deteriorated dramatically and the main reason was this. Human breath.
:19:33. > :19:35.Since Carter opened the tomb up, the constant changes of humidity and
:19:36. > :19:40.changes in moisture levels, the airborne pollutants that come in,
:19:41. > :19:51.they have an effect. Previous attempts at restoration have added
:19:52. > :19:54.to the problem. So, it was agreed a replica would be created, with the
:19:55. > :19:56.long`term aim of severely restricting public access to the
:19:57. > :20:04.original. Laser scanners and 3D`printing were used to make the
:20:05. > :20:07.facsimile. The backdrop to this has been the
:20:08. > :20:10.continuing political crisis in Egypt over the last three years. Tourism
:20:11. > :20:13.in many areas has collapsed. Luxor town centre is deserted and local
:20:14. > :20:16.traders are desperate. As you see, temples empty. The market is empty,
:20:17. > :20:33.most of the places are empty. Hotels empty. Every part is empty. We need
:20:34. > :20:36.tourism more than anything else. Replacing Luxor's star attraction
:20:37. > :20:38.with a facsimile might be seen as commercial suicide for a town
:20:39. > :20:43.already on its knees, and initial reaction was rather sceptical. I am
:20:44. > :20:46.sure other countries would have other replicas if we do this.
:20:47. > :20:51.Tourists do not need to come any more to see the tomb. The public
:20:52. > :20:55.will be given a chance to see the original and the facsimile and to
:20:56. > :21:07.judge for themselves. We were allowed a sneak preview. We took an
:21:08. > :21:11.Egyptologist down, too. I am sorry, I have to say it is marvellous! This
:21:12. > :21:15.is just the start of a reappraisal of many of the world's antiquities.
:21:16. > :21:25.Tourists may now have to get used to visiting replicas instead.
:21:26. > :21:27.And that is all from Reporters this week. Goodbye for now.