:00:00. > :00:19.Now, time for reporters. `` time for Reporters.
:00:20. > :00:26.Hello, and welcome to Reporters. From here in the world 's newsroom,
:00:27. > :00:33.we send our correspondence to get the best stories from across the
:00:34. > :00:38.globe. In this week 's programme, Niger's child brides. We report from
:00:39. > :00:43.the world 's poorest nations were most girls are married by the age of
:00:44. > :00:49.15. He was treated me. One day he locked me in the bedroom, it was as
:00:50. > :01:01.if he raped me. TRANSLATION: Please, no terrorism any more. The
:01:02. > :01:05.Pope 's prayers for peace. It is a hard life, Rupert Wingfield Hayes
:01:06. > :01:09.finds out why the Japanese are turning their backs on sumo
:01:10. > :01:13.wrestling. It has existed for well over 1000 years. Now, Japan's most
:01:14. > :01:21.iconic sport is in deep trouble. And, it is all in your head. Our
:01:22. > :01:25.correspondent tries out the `` tries at the computer that American
:01:26. > :01:30.scientists say can read your mind. `` tries out. A country where many
:01:31. > :01:34.girls see little of their childhood. Niger has one of the world 's
:01:35. > :01:37.highest rates of child marriage. Nearly one quarter of girls are
:01:38. > :01:41.married by the time they are 15. It is a social phenomenon bruited in
:01:42. > :01:46.poverty, a young bride can be sold for thousands of dollars. It also
:01:47. > :01:49.highlights the overall low position of women in society, in one of the
:01:50. > :01:53.world 's least developed nations. The government encouraged by the UN
:01:54. > :02:09.have tried to provide more protection to girls. In this land,
:02:10. > :02:14.all choice is for survival. It is one of the least developed nations,
:02:15. > :02:19.with the highest birth rates, Niger. The price fetched by a young
:02:20. > :02:25.bride can transform the lives of her family. The bride price is part of
:02:26. > :02:34.African customs. These nomads say that as well as locals, wealthy
:02:35. > :02:37.Nigerians were now offering big money for beautiful girls. In our
:02:38. > :02:42.view it is not a good thing, this man said, it is like a business. We
:02:43. > :02:45.don't want that. A girl can fetch thousands of pounds, depending on
:02:46. > :02:49.her beauty. Amina has no job, is separated from her husband, and has
:02:50. > :03:04.a 15`year`old daughter. She says it is her daughter's choice, but she
:03:05. > :03:07.would welcome a wealthy husband. Many families don't have a choice.
:03:08. > :03:10.If they have beautiful girls that someone from Nigeria wants to marry
:03:11. > :03:14.by giving millions, they get married for this. Even though she is young.
:03:15. > :03:18.The legal age of marriage is 15, and nearly a quarter of girls are
:03:19. > :03:22.married by then. Childhood vanishes. For this woman, there was the trauma
:03:23. > :03:30.of being forced to have sex at age 13. TRANSLATION: I didn't think it
:03:31. > :03:47.was about marrying someone I would be happy with. I was very young, and
:03:48. > :03:51.I didn't have anyone to whom I could go for advice. He was always trying
:03:52. > :03:55.to make it clear that it was as if he had bought me, that it was not
:03:56. > :03:59.because I wanted him but because he had bought me. He mistreated me at
:04:00. > :04:02.home, he mistreated me. One day he looked me in the bedroom, it is as
:04:03. > :04:05.if he raped me. For child brides there can also be traumatic medical
:04:06. > :04:08.consequences. ``locked. Young bodies damaged because they are not ready
:04:09. > :04:11.to give birth. This is a clinic for the treatment of fistula, a
:04:12. > :04:20.gynaecological condition that leads to incontinence and infection. This
:04:21. > :04:24.girl, married at 14. This girl, married at 12. This girl married at
:04:25. > :04:26.15. They are comforted by Madame Traore, a symbol of African dynamism
:04:27. > :04:38.fighting back against child marriage. Getting change is very
:04:39. > :04:51.difficult and very costly, it is not easy, because most of the population
:04:52. > :04:54.is illiterate. They don't go to school and they don't allow the
:04:55. > :04:56.girls to go to school. Change is difficult. Economic desperation is
:04:57. > :05:00.driving the decisions of many families, but there is, in this
:05:01. > :05:03.society, a long tradition of such marriages. There isn't the taboo
:05:04. > :05:06.that exists nowadays in the West. Also, religious leaders here are
:05:07. > :05:15.giving explicit encouragement to child marriage. The government,
:05:16. > :05:20.encouraged by the UN, have tried to provide more protection for girls
:05:21. > :05:23.but face religious opposition. At this Koranic school, the Sheikh
:05:24. > :05:32.insist Islam allows for child marriage. It depends on the body of
:05:33. > :05:36.the girl and the man's body. If they are mature, the marriage can be OK
:05:37. > :05:45.also. In Islamic faith, a girl can get married if she is in good health
:05:46. > :05:51.at age nine. To a great many people, what you are saying sounds like you
:05:52. > :05:59.are making excuses for child abuse. No, this is not what I mean. I told
:06:00. > :06:03.you, there are rules to follow. If you follow the Islamic rules for
:06:04. > :06:08.this kind of marriage, we will never have this kind of problem. Such hope
:06:09. > :06:11.as there is comes from education and the example set by individuals. Like
:06:12. > :06:15.this woman, forced into marriage and sex at just 13. Now, studying to be
:06:16. > :06:21.a nurse and hoping to change her world.
:06:22. > :06:26.Fergal Keane, BBC News, northern Niger. Can the Pope build bridges
:06:27. > :06:30.between Israelis and Palestinians were many others have failed? This
:06:31. > :06:34.week he told the Middle East in an attempt to mediate in the peace
:06:35. > :06:38.process. He visited some of the most important holy sites for Muslims and
:06:39. > :06:43.Jews, and urged people of all faiths to work together. Jeremy Bowen
:06:44. > :07:00.followed the Pope on his final day of his historic visit. Every day of
:07:01. > :07:05.this trip, he has made carefully calibrated gestures to deliver
:07:06. > :07:10.messages. At the Western Wall, the holiest place in the world where
:07:11. > :07:16.Jews can pray, he touched the stones and follow tradition by placing his
:07:17. > :07:20.own prayer between them. 24 hours earlier, the Pope chose the same
:07:21. > :07:22.symbolic gesture at the barrier Israel has built to separate
:07:23. > :07:24.Bethlehem, run by Palestinians, from Jerusalem. The Palestinians took
:07:25. > :07:32.that as his silent condemnation of what they call the Apartheid Wall.
:07:33. > :07:35.Next to a memorial to Jews who died in an attack in Argentina, the Pope
:07:36. > :07:38.'s own country, Israel's Prime Minister delivered his answer, that
:07:39. > :07:45.the barrier is vital for Israel's security. If we completed the wall
:07:46. > :07:59.then, thousands would have been saved. We have saved thousands
:08:00. > :08:03.because we have this wall. TRANSLATION: Please, no terrorism
:08:04. > :08:06.any more. Then, the Pope reached out, the same gesture he used at the
:08:07. > :08:09.walls in Jerusalem and Bethlehem. Next, Israel's memorial to the six
:08:10. > :08:19.million Jews killed by the Nazis, often after they were transported to
:08:20. > :08:23.death camps in cattle trucks. The Pope said that he was shamed by what
:08:24. > :08:27.man was capable of doing as he paid his respects at the Hall of
:08:28. > :08:30.Remembrance to the Holocaust. This Israeli leg of the trip is as
:08:31. > :08:36.important to the Middle East peace initiative as the time he spent with
:08:37. > :08:38.the Palestinians. He did more than most visiting leaders to show the
:08:39. > :08:43.Palestinians that he believes in their case for independence. Now he
:08:44. > :08:45.has to show the Israelis that he takes their concerns equally
:08:46. > :08:53.seriously, or his attempt at mediation will have no chance at
:08:54. > :08:56.all. The Pope's invitation to come to Rome to pray for peace has been
:08:57. > :09:03.accepted by the Israeli and Palestinian presidents. Gestures
:09:04. > :09:06.will not end the conflict. But they can change the atmosphere which at
:09:07. > :09:16.the moment, would be more than anyone else has managed. Jeremy
:09:17. > :09:20.Bowen, BBC News. It was a decisive week for Israel's
:09:21. > :09:23.neighbour, it indeed jerked, as the former army chief won a landslide
:09:24. > :09:28.victory in the presidential elections. He led the overthrow of
:09:29. > :09:36.the previous president `` Egypt's. The police force has become a
:09:37. > :09:39.visible presence on the streets. We managed to get rare access to
:09:40. > :09:50.Egypt's police academy and said this report.
:09:51. > :09:55.Bombings have become a part of Egypt's new reality. The stocks will
:09:56. > :10:01.be instrumental in any rescues to come. This is one of many training
:10:02. > :10:08.sessions going on in the police Academy, with a new tactics to take
:10:09. > :10:11.on the unstable security situation. This massive campus is where future
:10:12. > :10:16.policemen and women spent four years of their lives preparing to face the
:10:17. > :10:20.challenge of keeping the streets of Egypt say. They tell me they are
:10:21. > :10:23.excited about graduating soon and despite the danger and ongoing
:10:24. > :10:29.violence they want to be there for their country. For decades the
:10:30. > :10:35.police force has been seen as a tool of oppression. They were all but
:10:36. > :10:38.gone after the 2011 uprising, but now they are back the theory is that
:10:39. > :10:46.there are also back to their old ways. This man says police heavy
:10:47. > :10:50.handedness has become even worse. He was arrested outside a mosque near
:10:51. > :10:56.an Islamist protest, taken to a police station and beaten for nine
:10:57. > :11:03.hours. For his safety we are not identifying him. TRANSLATION: They
:11:04. > :11:07.accused me of being a member of the Muslim Brotherhood and I said I am
:11:08. > :11:11.not. One officer punched me in the chest and kept hitting my face. They
:11:12. > :11:22.tied me to a pillar and kept hitting me. There has been a heavy crackdown
:11:23. > :11:27.on protesters. Critics have described the state of human rights
:11:28. > :11:32.in Egypt is abysmal. But the head of the academy disagrees and says that
:11:33. > :11:37.police have been working really hard trying to wring safety back to the
:11:38. > :11:40.streets. TRANSLATION: There are no angels on Earth, there are going to
:11:41. > :11:47.be mistakes, but they have been blown out of proportion. These are
:11:48. > :11:51.unstable times. You see the bombings and the innocent people who died.
:11:52. > :11:57.There needs to be a balance between bringing security back and the issue
:11:58. > :12:01.of human rights. And this balance will not be easy. When they leave
:12:02. > :12:06.the academy, these recruits will face many challenges. One of them is
:12:07. > :12:14.to change the notorious image of the police force.
:12:15. > :12:18.It has been a bruising week for EU leaders as voters delivered what has
:12:19. > :12:22.been called a Eurosceptic earthquake in elections for the European
:12:23. > :12:32.Parliament. Across the region, notably in France, Greece and the
:12:33. > :12:36.UK. In Britain it was the UK Independence Party which won the
:12:37. > :12:41.vote. We have travelled to Hastings to find out what the UKIP search
:12:42. > :12:46.tells us about how Britain sees the EU.
:12:47. > :12:52.We are a country shaped by waves. Waves of European migrants landing
:12:53. > :12:56.on our shores over thousands of years. But relations with our
:12:57. > :12:59.continental cousins have always been strained. When William conquered the
:13:00. > :13:02.near Hastings, like every foreign force before and after he could
:13:03. > :13:08.never win the battle for hearts and minds. If they had quit warts and
:13:09. > :13:12.those pens you hangman your Mac, the Normans were probably have
:13:13. > :13:17.negotiated a bulk purchase. The Doomsday book allowed them to impose
:13:18. > :13:23.foreign thinking on the governance of these islands. Ever since the
:13:24. > :13:35.British have maintained a profound distrust of Eurocrats. Does our
:13:36. > :13:37.ambivalence to Brussels disguise a country actually becoming more
:13:38. > :13:45.European in its culture and daily life? We used to think of ascot
:13:46. > :13:52.better food, better football, better to travel to. We have to adopt more
:13:53. > :13:58.of that. We asked whether people felt more less connect with with our
:13:59. > :14:06.European neighbours than a decade ago. 21% said more connected. 18%
:14:07. > :14:11.less. But the relatively neutral figure hides a divided nature.
:14:12. > :14:14.Connection to Europe seems to be getting stronger among some groups.
:14:15. > :14:24.But weaker among others. You have got a degree, you read a
:14:25. > :14:28.broadsheet, you travel for work, you enjoy a bit of French food. The
:14:29. > :14:34.attitude is going to be different than if you are not educated, worked
:14:35. > :14:42.in a traditional industry. That is a golf that is clearing Britain. We
:14:43. > :14:47.reluctantly joined the European Common market. Many saw Britain as
:14:48. > :14:51.the poor relation of the sophisticated continentals with
:14:52. > :14:55.their fancy cheese, cars and wines. Now the UK is the destination of
:14:56. > :15:03.choice for Europeans seeking a better life. Personally, I am more
:15:04. > :15:12.European. Absolutely. I visit Europe a lot. I spend a lot of time there.
:15:13. > :15:15.I love Europe. We have always been hypocritical when it comes to
:15:16. > :15:21.Europe. We have always withdrawn when things got tough. We are more
:15:22. > :15:25.continental than we would like to let on. But whether we welcome or
:15:26. > :15:28.resent the consequences of that will depend on how we view
:15:29. > :15:39.globalisation, as an opportunity or a threat.
:15:40. > :15:43.Think of sumo and you would think of Japan. But if you are Japanese, sumo
:15:44. > :15:51.is apparently the last thing on your mind. The sport is looking further
:15:52. > :15:56.afield for talent. They are looking as far away as Mongolia, Hawaii and
:15:57. > :16:02.Russia. We report from Tokyo on why the Japanese are turning their backs
:16:03. > :16:08.on sumo. Nothing about sumo is modern. These
:16:09. > :16:16.are the same moves they have been doing here for hundreds of years.
:16:17. > :16:20.However, kids may look, this is hard. The temperature is just above
:16:21. > :16:35.freezing, but the sweat glistens off the body. 19`year`old has come here
:16:36. > :16:41.to train from Hawaii. The man shouting at him is his uncle. He was
:16:42. > :16:49.once a grand champion as one of the most famous as was in Japan. `` sumo
:16:50. > :16:53.wrestlers. Anyone who thinks sumo is just kept back fat men pushing each
:16:54. > :16:56.other around is very wrong. The training is not just tough
:16:57. > :17:05.physically, but also tough mentally. If you do not have it appear. You
:17:06. > :17:10.have to be mentally tough. It is not just strength and the body. You have
:17:11. > :17:19.to think that you can do it. You have to get the mentality. But fewer
:17:20. > :17:27.and fewer young men in Japan wants to push hard and strike more on the
:17:28. > :17:33.clay of the dojo. Sumo has existed for more than 1000 years. But now
:17:34. > :17:37.Japan's most iconic sport is in deep trouble. Revenues are falling,
:17:38. > :17:45.audiences falling into a city not that many young men who wants to
:17:46. > :17:49.take on this. After training, it is time to cook. This is a rich stew
:17:50. > :18:00.all wrestlers eat to keep their weight up. They have two it a lot.
:18:01. > :18:03.Sumo was still dominated by Japanese wrestlers 25 years ago. It is now
:18:04. > :18:12.all of the top wrestlers are foreign. We have not had a Japanese
:18:13. > :18:23.grand champion in over ten years. And that is a problem? It is a
:18:24. > :18:29.problem, I think. The foreign wrestlers are more hungry than the
:18:30. > :18:35.Japanese wrestlers. Sumo is not so much a sport as a priesthood. But
:18:36. > :18:43.this life requires a level of commitment few Japanese men are now
:18:44. > :18:48.willing to make. Finally, what if your computer you
:18:49. > :18:52.what was going on in your head? Researchers in the United States say
:18:53. > :18:55.they have come close to doing just that. They have developed a brain
:18:56. > :18:59.sensor that can tell when you like or dislike something, when you are
:19:00. > :19:08.bored or you are stressed. We went to see how it works and what could
:19:09. > :19:12.be in the future. The computer normally does not know
:19:13. > :19:16.anything about you. Wouldn't it be nice if it knew whether you are very
:19:17. > :19:29.busy and struggling to get by all board and coasting. Sam has got this
:19:30. > :19:33.headband on. What is going on through these cables and what are we
:19:34. > :19:37.finding out about them? The cables are fibre optic cables that are
:19:38. > :19:42.carrying weight to the head and measured back to this machine. What
:19:43. > :19:47.we can find out from that is how hard a particular part of the brain
:19:48. > :19:50.is working. So you can tell how stressed someone might be at work if
:19:51. > :19:57.they are wearing that, if you're feeling pressure. And if they are
:19:58. > :20:03.getting bored. What practical uses might this be? If you have got a
:20:04. > :20:08.team of people flying aeroplanes, it could be handed off to somebody
:20:09. > :20:13.else. What it basically does is shines light and measures the late
:20:14. > :20:22.coming back. It is easy to imagine that this could fit on your head
:20:23. > :20:28.somewhere. The predicted workload is going below. Now just think of two
:20:29. > :20:40.phone numbers and try and multiply them. This is going way up. We may
:20:41. > :20:46.have stomped her. What did it say? When we gave you a mentally
:20:47. > :20:51.demanding task, we can predict that the workload was higher and that the
:20:52. > :20:56.workload was lower. The challenge is finding out how a computer should
:20:57. > :21:00.respond. How far down the road of reading someone's mind are we going?
:21:01. > :21:04.We are not reading your thoughts, we are reading your mental state. We
:21:05. > :21:10.can determine that you are more less busy. In the distant future we could
:21:11. > :21:16.read your thoughts, but that is a long way off.
:21:17. > :21:36.That is all from reporters for this week. Goodbye for now.
:21:37. > :21:43.So far, so good with the weather through this weekend. I think for
:21:44. > :21:46.England and Wales, more fine weather to come on Sunday. For Scotland and
:21:47. > :21:47.Northern Ireland, signs to