:00:00. > :00:22.From here in the world's newsroom we send correspondents to bring you the
:00:23. > :00:30.cold comfort - ahead of next week's climate summit, David Shuckman
:00:31. > :00:33.reports from the Philippines as it another developing nations
:00:34. > :00:45.They look and richer nations and say, you have been burning the stuff
:00:46. > :00:47.years and benefiting from it, now it is our turn.
:00:48. > :00:50.From brain drain to brain gain - Nancy Kacungira meets the Ghanaian
:00:51. > :00:59.immigrants in Britain who are going back home to share their skills.
:01:00. > :01:11.It is amazing looking at that picture on the screen, it looks like
:01:12. > :01:14.a video game. Inside it is not feel as though we're going at 500
:01:15. > :01:16.kilometres per hour. It is incredibly smooth. You can see my
:01:17. > :01:19.phone is hardly moving up. And the supermodel Alek Wek,
:01:20. > :01:21.who escaped Sudan's Civil War, talks to Anne Soy about image,
:01:22. > :01:40.standards and staying power. It's probably one
:01:41. > :01:46.of the countries most vulnerable to climate change, but the Philippines
:01:47. > :01:49.wants to burn more coal, which is The country's president has
:01:50. > :01:52.confirmed plans for more coal-fired power plants to meet the
:01:53. > :01:55.Philippines' huge demand for energy. Ahead
:01:56. > :01:57.of this week's climate change summit in Paris, the UN has urged nations
:01:58. > :02:00.to strike a deal to cut carbon emissions, but as David Shukman
:02:01. > :02:02.reports from the Philippines, some developing nations feel it is their
:02:03. > :02:19.turn to reap the benefits of coal. Typhoon season in the Philippines.
:02:20. > :02:28.We filmed this during a monster storm dropped one metre of rain last
:02:29. > :02:29.month. Large areas of the country were paralysed. Typhoons are nothing
:02:30. > :02:35.new for people here. This one created worse flooding than usual.
:02:36. > :02:42.All anyone could do was watch and wait. Drenching rain and a road
:02:43. > :02:46.closed by flood water. The Philippines is headed by extremes of
:02:47. > :02:50.weather so often that this kind of thing is almost part of everyday
:02:51. > :02:59.life, which is why people are worried about the future and what
:03:00. > :03:07.climate change might mean for them. Evacuate. And emergency drill for a
:03:08. > :03:10.flash flood. Children in this village know how damaging flood
:03:11. > :03:16.water can be, so they practice how to stay safe. If the climate
:03:17. > :03:23.projections are writes, by the time they have grown up, Raines may
:03:24. > :03:27.get worse if nobody does anything to get worse if nobody does anything to
:03:28. > :03:34.situation, so that is why the kids, situation, so that is why the kids,
:03:35. > :03:38.the local government, the government officials should all do something.
:03:39. > :03:42.The challenge is to make those The challenge is to make those
:03:43. > :03:46.vulnerable country better able to cope, and on a rickshaw it is a
:03:47. > :03:48.time the Philippines is developing time the Philippines is developing
:03:49. > :03:54.rapidly, which raises difficult choices. Electricity is in big
:03:55. > :03:59.demand, so like many poorer countries it is using more fossil
:04:00. > :04:03.fuels. One of the largest sources of power comes from burning coal in
:04:04. > :04:09.places like this. The Philippines government wants 23 more of these, a
:04:10. > :04:17.controversial move, because Cole gives off so much greenhouse gas.
:04:18. > :04:20.Burning yet more coal is what scientists say will make climate
:04:21. > :04:24.change worse in a country like this, but for the Philippines and much of
:04:25. > :04:27.the developing world, coal offers a cheap and easy way to get more
:04:28. > :04:30.power, and they look at the richer nations and say, you have been
:04:31. > :04:35.burning the stuff for years and benefiting from it, now it is our
:04:36. > :04:39.turn. Just outside the power station, fishermen get ready to go
:04:40. > :04:43.to see. De-ice they are loading up was made with electricity, and much
:04:44. > :04:48.of that was generated with coal. But the government thinks coal is a safe
:04:49. > :04:58.bet. The president and self taught me that alternatives like wind and
:04:59. > :05:01.solar are not reliable. At the wind funnels working or not? Solder will
:05:02. > :05:07.be affected by cloudy conditions like this. Have things become
:05:08. > :05:13.developed sufficiently to become a viable? We are trying to ensure we
:05:14. > :05:18.have the most modern coal plants in existence. At a shopping centre in
:05:19. > :05:23.the capital, Manila, there is a vast array of solar panels. Renewable
:05:24. > :05:25.energy is getting a push, unlike many developing countries the
:05:26. > :05:28.Philippines is demanding that the richest countries pay for a green
:05:29. > :05:34.technology since their emissions blamed for global warming. We are in
:05:35. > :05:41.non-emitter of less than 1%, and yet we die from it. It is time that the
:05:42. > :05:46.developed nations who caused it, the industrialised nations with the most
:05:47. > :05:54.emissions in the world, must own up and assist countries who are most
:05:55. > :06:00.vulnerable. Addy flooded farm, a single light. Millions still live in
:06:01. > :06:03.poverty, and here is a dilemma. Developing nations are desperate to
:06:04. > :06:07.generate more power and with it, prosperity. The lights blazing
:06:08. > :06:11.because of the very fossil fuels that are linked to a changing
:06:12. > :06:15.climate, which in turn could put this country at greater risk.
:06:16. > :06:18.As the world's media focuses on the hundreds and thousands of refugees
:06:19. > :06:22.and migrants coming to Europe, we often forget that some immigrants
:06:23. > :06:29.It is estimated that more than 300 million people now live away from
:06:30. > :06:32.their country of birth, sending back over $750 billion to their families.
:06:33. > :06:38.Many are now returning home themselves to share their skills.
:06:39. > :06:41.Nancy Kacungira, the first winner of the BBC World News Komla Dumor Award
:06:42. > :06:59.A British doctor, a Dutch computer specialist. Both born in Ghana, both
:07:00. > :07:03.are settled and successful in their adopted countries. Both are giving
:07:04. > :07:07.something back to the land of their birth. This consultant gynaecologist
:07:08. > :07:13.has raised a family and forged a has raised a family and forged a
:07:14. > :07:20.thriving career in the UK since leaving Ghana at the age of 14. What
:07:21. > :07:25.draws her back? I have really been quite privileged. I would not say
:07:26. > :07:30.spoiled, but certainly privileged. And dad always said, you have to
:07:31. > :07:36.think of others. It sends a little cliched, but it is true. I first met
:07:37. > :07:44.where she works part-time. And then where she works part-time. And then
:07:45. > :07:51.a few days later, at this clinic in Ghana. She is teaching medical staff
:07:52. > :07:55.how to spot cervical cancer, the deadliest cancer for women in
:07:56. > :08:01.Ghana. She has even helped the hospital get specialist equipment.
:08:02. > :08:05.Having been in the UK and having achieved what I needed to achieve
:08:06. > :08:11.their, I said there are still a role for me to play back home in women's
:08:12. > :08:19.health. Cancer prevention is my particular area of expertise, and I
:08:20. > :08:24.felt that having that skill, it did not make sense to sit back and not
:08:25. > :08:28.do anything with it here. Over the years, Ghana has lost thousands of
:08:29. > :08:33.in the health sector, to countries in the health sector, to countries
:08:34. > :08:36.can offer better pay and working conditions, but some of those that
:08:37. > :08:40.left still feel a strong sense of duty to their country of origin, and
:08:41. > :08:50.come back to share their skill and their knowledge, turning the brain
:08:51. > :08:57.drain into brain gain. This man is a respected IT specialist working at
:08:58. > :09:00.the College in the Hague. He has a wife and child and has lived in
:09:01. > :09:11.Holland longer than he did in Ghana, so why the need to give back? Icon
:09:12. > :09:17.myself Dutch Canadian. -- Dutch- Jenny and. I have to do something
:09:18. > :09:21.for the country I live in. I have contributed to the Dutch society,
:09:22. > :09:28.and at the same time contribute to Ghanaian society. At the staging
:09:29. > :09:32.hospital in northern Ghana, lemons has worked to install a computer
:09:33. > :09:37.system over the last few years that has revolutionised the way the
:09:38. > :09:41.hospital works. I think it is important for double in the diaspora
:09:42. > :09:46.to contribute to their country of origin because we have had some
:09:47. > :09:53.advantages that do not exist over here. We have been exposed to new
:09:54. > :10:00.technology, and those ideas alone can help contribute to your country
:10:01. > :10:03.of origin. Every time Clement makes the two-day journey from his home in
:10:04. > :10:07.the Netherlands to this hospital, he brings something with him. Years of
:10:08. > :10:15.skill and experience, and sometimes even computers. This relationship
:10:16. > :10:17.has benefits on both sides. The hospital get a first-class computer
:10:18. > :10:23.system, and Clement gets the satisfaction of knowing he is ebbing
:10:24. > :10:30.back to the country of his birth. Ghana is hungry for skilled
:10:31. > :10:33.workers. They are both part of a scheme which runs in nine countries
:10:34. > :10:40.and helps professionals get involved in short-term assignments to pass on
:10:41. > :10:45.their expertise. Migrants do contribute a lot to home countries,
:10:46. > :10:52.but through the programme we are running the able to do things
:10:53. > :10:56.formally. We are always thinking about the positive volition joke
:10:57. > :11:04.between migration and development, where we have knowledge and skills
:11:05. > :11:08.transfer, that gold is being met. Both are part of a relatively small
:11:09. > :11:11.programme, and it is too small to tell whether their contributions
:11:12. > :11:15.will last, but it is an example of what is possible, and with millions
:11:16. > :11:20.of people on the move across the world, finding ways for migrants to
:11:21. > :11:21.contribute positively to both home and host societies has never been
:11:22. > :11:32.more important. It's an industry worth
:11:33. > :11:34.an estimated $2 billion a year. India is one of the few countries
:11:35. > :11:37.that allows commercial surrogacy, where you can pay
:11:38. > :11:40.a woman to carry a child for you. Couples from around the world have
:11:41. > :11:42.flocked to India to fulfil But the government now wants to ban
:11:43. > :11:48.foreigners from doing it, arguing that the practice exploits
:11:49. > :11:52.poor, vulnerable Indian women. Yogita Limaye as been to the town
:11:53. > :11:57.of Anand in Gujarat known as the surrogacy capital of India
:11:58. > :12:11.to investigate. Saying hello to the world, and
:12:12. > :12:18.goodbye to the woman who gave birth to her. This tiny girl Izzie
:12:19. > :12:25.surrogates baby. Had now she is being taken to meet her parents. In
:12:26. > :12:32.another room, another new life waiting to be born. This woman is
:12:33. > :12:39.carrying a baby for an Irish couple. She is a single mother, and
:12:40. > :12:41.with the $10,000 she will be paid, she wants to build a home and sent
:12:42. > :12:48.her daughter to school. I'm an educated and work on a farm.
:12:49. > :12:53.I barely earn enough to feed us. As a labourer I could never
:12:54. > :13:00.making the money I could make from surrogacy. It will
:13:01. > :13:09.Homes like these have been built for they pay as
:13:10. > :13:12.Homes like these have been built for sorry godmothers to live during
:13:13. > :13:17.pregnancy. Many are carrying the baby of foreign couples, something
:13:18. > :13:20.India now wants to stop. One of the reasons why India was becoming such
:13:21. > :13:24.a popular surrogacy destination was because it is easy to find women
:13:25. > :13:29.here who are willing to bear someone else's baby in exchange for money
:13:30. > :13:31.because they really need it. But it is also because there is good
:13:32. > :13:35.medical technology available here and it is cheap. In the US it would
:13:36. > :13:38.be at least three times the cost, be at least three times the cost,
:13:39. > :13:46.simply not affordable option for many couples. This couple went to
:13:47. > :13:54.India from the UK hoping to become parents. Gabriella was born two
:13:55. > :13:59.years ago. We were looking into adoption anyway, but it is very
:14:00. > :14:03.difficult to adopt in this country, and we did not know how long it
:14:04. > :14:07.would take. This was our last chance to have a family of our own. We took
:14:08. > :14:13.it. And there are thousands of families like us. But if it is taken
:14:14. > :14:22.away it would be a real tragedy because we were desperate. We were
:14:23. > :14:26.really desperate. She has now started an online petition against
:14:27. > :14:30.India's surrogacy ban. By the government says women are being
:14:31. > :14:34.exploited. That is a sad thing that women are so desperate they are
:14:35. > :14:35.willing to rent out their bodies, especially since the class of women
:14:36. > :14:39.involved is mostly the poor and involved is mostly the poor and
:14:40. > :14:44.illiterate and vulnerable. The government has a duty to protect
:14:45. > :14:50.them. And so, women here will have to find another way of giving their
:14:51. > :14:54.children a better life. Foreign couples dreaming of having their
:14:55. > :14:55.homes full of carefree laughter and noisy games will have to go
:14:56. > :15:00.somewhere else. This may surprise you,
:15:01. > :15:02.but Peru has become the world's The drug is produced from the coca
:15:03. > :15:08.plant which has grown on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes
:15:09. > :15:13.Mountains for thousands of years. It is harvested by farmers, and some
:15:14. > :15:16.is still used in the traditional But most is now bought
:15:17. > :15:22.by drug traffickers, and as Linda Presley reports from Peru,
:15:23. > :15:38.many young people are being caught This is prime coca country. In this
:15:39. > :15:43.large valley, the illicit production of cocaine dominates the economy.
:15:44. > :15:48.Once the coca is harvested and processed it must be transported. We
:15:49. > :15:54.will call this teenager Daniel. He is a backpacker. It is too dangerous
:15:55. > :15:58.to identify him, but he showed me how he hikes a 15 kilos load of
:15:59. > :16:02.cocaine through jungle terrain to far-away rendezvous points outside
:16:03. > :16:07.the valley. Up to 150 other backpackers walk with him, and for a
:16:08. > :16:11.trip lasting more than three weeks Daniel is paid $2000. It is a small
:16:12. > :16:19.fortune here, but it is a perilous occupation. TRANSLATION: On anyone
:16:20. > :16:22.journey through your four of us die. You can get an infection or.
:16:23. > :16:27.Like some of the passes are commended the high, they can be 400
:16:28. > :16:30.metres above the River. You try to help someone, but when someone
:16:31. > :16:35.cannot be helped you have to leave them on the trail.
:16:36. > :16:42.The valley is one of the poorest regions in Peru. Levels of poverty
:16:43. > :16:45.and malnutrition and child literacy is twice the national average. And
:16:46. > :16:53.there is little work for young people outside the coca business.
:16:54. > :16:56.TRANSLATION: We do not have Higher Education Institutions here in the
:16:57. > :17:07.valley. That is why young people sometimes end up as coca growers.
:17:08. > :17:11.Peru's coca crop. It leaves the Peru's coca crop. It leaves the
:17:12. > :17:18.valley in small planes and by road. But it is estimated that one third
:17:19. > :17:22.of it leaves on food on the backs of the backpackers. And stopping them
:17:23. > :17:28.is not easy. The police need good intelligence and must be prepared
:17:29. > :17:31.for a shoot out. TRANSLATION: We travel with security at the front
:17:32. > :17:37.and the back of the line. These people are armed with rifles and are
:17:38. > :17:42.prepared to defend the drugs and confront the Armed Forces. Daniel
:17:43. > :17:47.plans to leave this life and go to university, but the temptation to
:17:48. > :17:51.continue his huge. You sometimes say to yourself, no more. But because of
:17:52. > :17:56.the money, you think, one more time. But it is never the last
:17:57. > :18:00.time. You carry on risking your life.
:18:01. > :18:04.You might think a train that travels at 250 kilometres per hour is fast
:18:05. > :18:08.enough, but the world's fastest train is about to get a lot faster.
:18:09. > :18:10.The Japanese bullet line which runs between Tokyo and Osaka
:18:11. > :18:14.was the first dedicated high-speed railway in the world
:18:15. > :18:21.Now Japan Rail is building a completely new line along the
:18:22. > :18:27.Rupert Wingfield Hayes has been on board to find out what travelling
:18:28. > :18:34.at 500 kilometres per hour really feels like.
:18:35. > :18:40.In Britain they are about to start building the first high-speed rail
:18:41. > :18:44.network with trains that will go 250 kilometres per hour. In Japan they
:18:45. > :18:48.have had trains that can go that fast for nearly 50 years. Meantime
:18:49. > :18:58.they are about to start building a network that will go 500 kilometres
:18:59. > :19:03.an hour. With that train their. Today a few lucky locals are being
:19:04. > :19:09.taken for a ride on the test track. So many have applied they had to
:19:10. > :19:13.select passengers by lottery. Only one in 16 have actually got a
:19:14. > :19:17.ticket. This is a map showing the old and new line. This is the blue
:19:18. > :19:28.line starting in Tokyo, running along the coast, down to Nagoya. And
:19:29. > :19:32.this red line will run through the mountains to Nagoya as well. The
:19:33. > :19:37.dotted part is the test track where we will go today. The train has
:19:38. > :19:43.already broken its own world record, clocking a speed of 603, metres per
:19:44. > :19:50.hour. We will be going at a more sedate 500 kilometres per hour. Once
:19:51. > :19:55.inside, it is actually a bit boring. There is very little to see
:19:56. > :19:59.and almost no sensation of the gathering speed. It is amazing
:20:00. > :20:04.looking at the picture on the screen, it looks like a video game.
:20:05. > :20:09.Inside it is not feel that we're going at 501 kilometres per hour. It
:20:10. > :20:14.is incredibly smooth. You could see my phone is hardly moving at all.
:20:15. > :20:20.The reason is we are sitting on, we're being levitated by powerful
:20:21. > :20:23.magnets. There are no wheels on the train. We are floating along. And
:20:24. > :20:28.that is what makes this train go really fast. It also makes it
:20:29. > :20:35.incredibly expensive to build. This track will cost I understand 5.5
:20:36. > :20:42.trillion yen for the first stage, that is about ?30 billion. Within
:20:43. > :20:48.minutes it is all over, and time to take a souvenir snap. One young
:20:49. > :20:55.passenger seems rather underwhelmed. TRANSLATION: I'm not
:20:56. > :20:57.sure I can really tell the difference between 400 and 500
:20:58. > :21:09.kilometres an hour. By 2027 when Britain opens its first
:21:10. > :21:14.high-speed line, this one will be whisking people from Tokyo to Osaka
:21:15. > :21:16.in 40 minutes. She escaped the civil war in Sudan
:21:17. > :21:24.to become one of the most recognisable faces
:21:25. > :21:26.in the fashion world. Alek Wek took the industry by
:21:27. > :21:30.storm back in the late 1990s after At a time when many black models
:21:31. > :21:36.relaxed their hair, some even lightening their complexion, she
:21:37. > :21:39.stayed true to her African roots. As part of the BBC's 100 Women
:21:40. > :21:43.season, celebrating the achievements of women across the world,
:21:44. > :22:05.Anne Soy has been to meet her. It all changed overnight. There was
:22:06. > :22:10.an incident when we were barricaded for three days, shooting and
:22:11. > :22:16.bombing. We ended up walking for two and a half weeks with thousands
:22:17. > :22:26.trying to find refuge. I saw my parents frightened.
:22:27. > :22:31.You have written in your biography have I been asked to pose on animal
:22:32. > :22:40.skin and with a spear. What did that skin and with a spear. What did that
:22:41. > :22:42.make you feel? I was born in town and I don't carry spears around, so
:22:43. > :22:52.why will you make me take pictures with spears? Ulick crazy, not me.
:22:53. > :22:57.Where you under pressure to be size zero, you travel around the world
:22:58. > :23:01.under all sizes of women. It is wonderful that we can say, it is
:23:02. > :23:04.beautiful to celebrate if you are currently, and you go to your
:23:05. > :23:12.doctor, you do your checkup and you are healthy, so therefore you are
:23:13. > :23:17.absolutely beautiful. But if you are big and you are unhealthy, that is
:23:18. > :23:26.not good. If you are thin and your just depriving
:23:27. > :23:36.to nourish your body. There was this time you're wearing a blonde wig
:23:37. > :23:43.with a fringe. And on the catwalk you moved it -- you removed it and
:23:44. > :23:48.threw it to the crowd. What made you do that? That was not just about me
:23:49. > :23:53.taking it off to make a scene. It was the time I was starting in
:23:54. > :23:55.fashion map to work, and the one thing I told my agent was, if you
:23:56. > :24:00.are going to represent me, I'm not are going to represent me, I'm not
:24:01. > :24:07.going to be a gimmick and be in for a couple of seasons. You're going to
:24:08. > :24:12.take it all believe it. Your father did not make it out of Khartoum.
:24:13. > :24:23.What do you think you would think of you today? I think he would be very
:24:24. > :24:26.proud. And that is the reassurance that you are beautiful just as you
:24:27. > :24:31.are, and you are not going to let anybody degrade you, you're not
:24:32. > :24:34.going to let anybody bring you down.
:24:35. > :24:37.The supermodel Alek Wek talking to Anne Soy.
:24:38. > :24:40.And that's all from Reporters this week.
:24:41. > :25:04.From me, Philippa Thomas, goodbye for now.
:25:05. > :25:13.Has been a wild start to the weekend, more wild weather to come,
:25:14. > :25:14.and an added bytes to the wind bringing some snow showers across
:25:15. > :25:15.parts