:00:22. > :00:28.Welcome to this special edition of Reporters. I'm Karen alanyone
:00:29. > :00:32.Johannesburg. As China invest billions in Africa in a range of
:00:33. > :00:39.reports from across the continent, we'll be looking at what Beijing
:00:40. > :00:42.wants in return. Coming up: Roads, trains and megamalls, is Kenya
:00:43. > :00:47.getting a good deal from Chinese investment? The Asian giant is
:00:48. > :00:51.gambling on Kenya being able to steam ahead and pay back massive
:00:52. > :00:58.loans, but what if the strategy back fires?
:00:59. > :01:01.Security and stability. We've had exclusive access to Chinese
:01:02. > :01:05.peacekeepers on mission in south Sudan. Is this the start of a new
:01:06. > :01:12.strategic relationship that extends beyond the world of business. They
:01:13. > :01:21.coming here for business, and now they're coming for protection. Enjoy
:01:22. > :01:25.the ride, we join Ethiopians on their daily commute, with the
:01:26. > :01:31.state-of-the-art system from the Chinese. This is one step forward.
:01:32. > :01:35.And we'll hang out with the new generation of Chinese, putting roots
:01:36. > :01:42.down in Africa. Are they in tune with the continent's big plans?
:01:43. > :01:49.Since my teenage life started, I was in Africa, so basically half
:01:50. > :01:52.African. Johannesburg this week has had a
:01:53. > :01:57.distinctly Chinese player. Just a few miles from where I am in
:01:58. > :02:02.Chinatown, you'll find everything from traditional medicine to fortune
:02:03. > :02:06.tellers, dozens of heads of state and thousands of other delegates
:02:07. > :02:09.have been meeting to submit the relationship. There are loans and
:02:10. > :02:15.other forms of assistance on the table. For Kenya, like many other
:02:16. > :02:19.countries, the big Chinese loans have enabled them to forge ahead
:02:20. > :02:23.with massive infrastructure projects, many delivered by the big
:02:24. > :02:27.chienees state -- Chinese state corporations. But increasingly
:02:28. > :02:33.entrepreneurs are finding a foot hold too.
:02:34. > :02:38.Once a poppy plantation, now a construction site. This massive mall
:02:39. > :02:42.is the latest in a string of flagship building projects with a
:02:43. > :02:46."made this China" label. The Chinese are responsible for a third of all
:02:47. > :02:50.infrastructure projects across east Africa ah, chiefed through big
:02:51. > :02:56.loans, which one day, these countries will have to repay. For
:02:57. > :03:01.millions of Kenyans who still live in poverty, their hopes for future
:03:02. > :03:05.prosperity are being pinned on Chinese fortunes. But they want fair
:03:06. > :03:11.play and local jobs, not imported labour. We're not permitting theme
:03:12. > :03:16.come, they -- forbidding them to come. But they should consider the
:03:17. > :03:28.lobing Hales. People here are tall entded. They're helping the Kenyan
:03:29. > :03:33.government to achieve its goals. But also the there is more. Since Kenya
:03:34. > :03:37.flung open the doors to Chinese investors it's seen private firms
:03:38. > :03:43.like this roll onto the screen. -- scene. This company manufactures
:03:44. > :03:51.door frames for the construction industry. Much of the unskilled
:03:52. > :03:57.labour is local, Kenyan staff with Chinese language skills are being
:03:58. > :04:01.groomed for management roles. TRANSLATION: As long as their
:04:02. > :04:04.knowledge and professional skills improve after our training, they
:04:05. > :04:07.will naturally come into the management level. There is no
:04:08. > :04:12.difference in skin colour in this job. Whoever is capable will do it.
:04:13. > :04:20.Many live and socialise separately, but about a million Chinese workers
:04:21. > :04:24.are now spread across Africa. Prepared to take a chance and invest
:04:25. > :04:30.heavily here. A younger generation seems more willing to fit in. The
:04:31. > :04:33.more you integrate yourself, the more you understand the local
:04:34. > :04:38.business opportunity, the local market. It's, you can say necessary
:04:39. > :04:41.for you to have a really good business here in Africa. On the
:04:42. > :04:46.personal level, they also want to make friends. The huge Chinese
:04:47. > :04:50.footprint here may be hard to ignore. But it's the long-term power
:04:51. > :04:55.relationship that gives cause for concern. The Asian giant is gambling
:04:56. > :05:01.on Kenya being able to steam ahead and pay back massive loans, but what
:05:02. > :05:06.if the strategy back fires? Rich or poor, Kenyans have been touched by
:05:07. > :05:11.the Chinese presence here. Many hope opportunity will override a sense of
:05:12. > :05:20.obligation to their foreign friends, further down-the-line, allowing
:05:21. > :05:24.Kenya to grow on its own terms. Countries like Kenya are pinning
:05:25. > :05:27.their hopes on achieving a great leap forward in development by
:05:28. > :05:32.following China's rapid model of economic growth. A staggering third
:05:33. > :05:36.of all infrastructure projects in Africa bear the "made in China"
:05:37. > :05:41.label. They either fund them, build them or both. There's a famous
:05:42. > :05:47.Chinese saying, to get rich you must first build a road. Indeed Chinaracy
:05:48. > :05:49.rapid development -- China's rapid development has been characterised
:05:50. > :05:53.by billions of dollars spent on infrastructure. For Ethiopia they're
:05:54. > :06:04.hoping it will be trains that help to boost the economy. We rod E.On
:06:05. > :06:08.their new state-of-the-art railway. Welcoming in Addis Ababa's new
:06:09. > :06:13.system, the first of its kind in Africa. Another example of
:06:14. > :06:18.Chinese-funded projects in this fast growing economy. It took just three
:06:19. > :06:23.years to complete the first phase of this project. The first passengers
:06:24. > :06:27.got on board for the maiden trip around the city Wow. If you go
:06:28. > :06:34.outside you can see the queue for transport problem. You can see in
:06:35. > :06:45.the rush hour the problems. For us, it's one step forward. Next station
:06:46. > :06:48.is... I feel good, because my country is growing. I'm the First
:06:49. > :06:53.Lady to go on the train. I'm very happy. This service will be
:06:54. > :06:57.operational 16 hours a day, including weekends. But for now,
:06:58. > :07:02.only one line is operational, with an additional one due for opening
:07:03. > :07:05.next movement when it becomes fully operational, about one million
:07:06. > :07:11.people will be able to use this service on a daily basis. They will
:07:12. > :07:17.pay fares between 20 and 40 cents per trip. To put that into
:07:18. > :07:20.perspective, about four to five times cheaper than what necessity
:07:21. > :07:25.would pay on a representing bus or minibus service. Authorities here
:07:26. > :07:29.believe it will help with the congestion of the capital and
:07:30. > :07:34.provide an efficient and modern transport system for the millions
:07:35. > :07:36.who live here. If you want to go from one point to the other, it
:07:37. > :07:50.could take you more than two-and-a-half hours. We'll do it in
:07:51. > :07:52.15 minutes. It's reliability, to have an appointment, you can start
:07:53. > :07:59.your journey knowing that you'll arrive on time. The corporation says
:08:00. > :08:02.the construction doesn't end here. Already the second phase of
:08:03. > :08:13.connecting the capital and cities is under way. They continue their quest
:08:14. > :08:17.to become Africa's undisputed hub. The relationship between some
:08:18. > :08:19.African countries and their Chinese partners have, at times, been rather
:08:20. > :08:29.strained. For many employees taken they've had to adopt to a new
:08:30. > :08:30.working culture and longer hours. At times, its been a bitter pill
:08:31. > :08:35.swallow. The Chinese have adapted as well. We've spoke ton one couple in
:08:36. > :08:41.Nairobi. They now earn enough to be able to improve the lives of
:08:42. > :08:48.children back at home and they appreciate the cleaner air in Kenya.
:08:49. > :08:59.This is their story. TRANSLATION: I have been in Kenya
:09:00. > :09:09.for seven years. TRANSLATION: I'm his wife. I cook
:09:10. > :09:15.for the factory's Chinese workers. TRANSLATION: So far I quite like my
:09:16. > :09:17.job. But living here we worry about robberies and other bad things.
:09:18. > :09:27.We're always concerned about our personal safety. The company doesn't
:09:28. > :09:36.allow us to go outside after work. We play games or surf the internet
:09:37. > :09:40.in the dormitory to pass the time. When I do go outside, it's usual
:09:41. > :09:45.tloi buy food or groceries, that's it. We rarely go out just for fun.
:09:46. > :09:58.Back in China, I can go for never do that here.
:09:59. > :10:06.We have two children, a boy and a girl. The boy is ten and the girl is
:10:07. > :10:11.12. Now they live with their grandparents. We only go home once a
:10:12. > :10:20.year. So we rely on video calls to hear and see our children. I miss
:10:21. > :10:28.them a lot. Frankly, I feel sorry for our children. We left them at
:10:29. > :10:35.home. It isn't right to leave them like that. Other children have their
:10:36. > :10:41.parents by their side. Ours don't. We can only encourage them to be
:10:42. > :10:46.strong. Many Chinese people, who came to Africa, have left their
:10:47. > :10:53.families behind. We are here because we want to make a better life for
:10:54. > :10:58.our children. China has big plans for Africa that go beyond business.
:10:59. > :11:03.Security and stability are an important part of this partnership
:11:04. > :11:07.and increasingly the Asian giant's been dragged into the global War on
:11:08. > :11:11.Terror. But it's the Chinese role as peacekeepers in trying to create a
:11:12. > :11:14.more stable continent which has generated interest. There's more
:11:15. > :11:20.than a thousand Chinese peacekeepers under the command of the UN in south
:11:21. > :11:23.Sudan, and we're the first foreign broadcasters to have been given
:11:24. > :11:32.access to them. A rare glimpse of military might,
:11:33. > :11:36.the Chinese in Africa. Here as peacekeepers, not simply deal
:11:37. > :11:41.makers, in the world's newest nation, south Sudan. 700 Chinese
:11:42. > :11:47.troops, part of a multinational force under UN command. We travelled
:11:48. > :11:51.with them to what's become a humanitarian frontline. Moving in
:11:52. > :11:56.convoy through the outskirts of the capital. We're heading towards the
:11:57. > :12:02.camps which still house more than a million homeless people, for whom
:12:03. > :12:06.every day is a battle to survive. The face of continued attacks. They
:12:07. > :12:09.see the Chinese as here to protect, not simply to trade. Always in
:12:10. > :12:14.Africa they are coming here for business. They are not coming for
:12:15. > :12:18.protection. Now they are coming to protect us. Even the children are
:12:19. > :12:24.getting used to their new friends in the blue helmets. This is the first
:12:25. > :12:27.Chinese infantry battalion to be deployed on external peace keeping
:12:28. > :12:32.operations, so they're not allowed to talk to us on camera, but one
:12:33. > :12:37.soldier told me privately that he was extremely proud to be here.
:12:38. > :12:45.Another said she was fulfilling a lifetime dream. Bringing with them
:12:46. > :12:50.medicine and expertise, the Chinese have big plans for peace keeping
:12:51. > :12:52.across Africa. They contribute more troops than any other permanent
:12:53. > :12:57.member of the UN Security Council, but for the time being, their focus
:12:58. > :13:03.is on trying to win the trust of locals. Here? Here? The doctor tells
:13:04. > :13:10.me he feels very happy he can help.. Very happy. South Sudan may be short
:13:11. > :13:13.of water, but it's rich in oil. The Chinese have invested billions in
:13:14. > :13:19.businesses here. This is about winning hearts and minds not
:13:20. > :13:23.protecting key installations. But looking to the future, China has
:13:24. > :13:32.strategic interests across the whole of Africa. Those interests go way
:13:33. > :13:36.beyond saving lives. China may contribute more troops to
:13:37. > :13:40.peace keeping than any other permanent member of the UN Security
:13:41. > :13:45.Council. But power and influence are not always sought through the barrel
:13:46. > :13:48.of a gun. As the biggest investor in Africa, China's using soft power to
:13:49. > :13:57.deepen its foot hold on the continent. We've been in
:13:58. > :14:02.Johannesburg to find out more. Preparing for a new world at the
:14:03. > :14:07.school they start young. First graders learn Mandarin as a
:14:08. > :14:11.compulsory part of the curriculum. Recognition of China's growing
:14:12. > :14:15.stature. Initially the school was established to teach the children of
:14:16. > :14:21.Chinese families. But I think now, the whole world situation has
:14:22. > :14:27.changed. We now recognise the critical value in our children
:14:28. > :14:34.learning Mandarin. It's not only the language, but Chinese values are
:14:35. > :14:41.also in the teaching. Further away, outside Cape Town, lies a testament
:14:42. > :14:45.that China has arrived. This electronics company set up shop here
:14:46. > :14:51.two years ago. In this factory, they produce mainly television sets and
:14:52. > :14:55.refrigerators. They produce on average three per minute. Some of
:14:56. > :15:03.the parts are imported. But for the bridges, it's a production from the
:15:04. > :15:06.ground up. The coming of this company here has been important
:15:07. > :15:09.because for a long time manufacturing was in serious
:15:10. > :15:14.decline. Many of these workers were without a job. Now they're back on
:15:15. > :15:19.the factory floor and acquiring new skills. Over 90% of the workforce is
:15:20. > :15:23.made up of locals. It's not charity. It's business. More Chinese
:15:24. > :15:31.companies are moving away from their mother land because production costs
:15:32. > :15:38.and wages are going up. These local factories has made us more stable,
:15:39. > :15:42.more better as well. Our factory as established in the 90s, and the
:15:43. > :15:49.unemployment rate was more than 55%. We are commitment to creating more
:15:50. > :15:56.than 500 employment, job opportunities for the locals.
:15:57. > :16:07.Currently we export to more than ten countries. South Africa included,
:16:08. > :16:11.Zambia, Mozambique. Malawi. There have been calls for Chinese leaders
:16:12. > :16:14.to use their economic clout to speak up against human rights abuses in
:16:15. > :16:19.Africa. Generally silence has been the response. However last year
:16:20. > :16:24.China increased its development aid budget by nearly $12 billion. That
:16:25. > :16:34.may be a sign that China is ready to use soft power. The effects of that
:16:35. > :16:42.are seen as African children play and sing in Mandarin.
:16:43. > :16:45.What I noticed after more than a decade working across Africa is the
:16:46. > :16:52.way the younger generation of Chinese are adapting. Unlike their
:16:53. > :16:55.parents, many of whom came with big corporations and kept themselves to
:16:56. > :17:00.themselves. Their own children are beginning to put down roots, learn
:17:01. > :17:04.the language and blend in. We travel north-east to Zambia to meet one
:17:05. > :17:09.family, whose daughter now considers herself as much an African as she is
:17:10. > :17:15.Chinese. We moved to Africa about seven years
:17:16. > :17:18.ago. It's basically because the company, because I think my parents
:17:19. > :17:27.think there's more opportunity and stuff. So we decide to move from
:17:28. > :17:33.China. Sometimes people they look at me, stare at me like "There's a
:17:34. > :17:38.Chinese." Otherwise, I think they're used to seeing Chinese people
:17:39. > :17:45.around. They're pretty OK with it. It's like pretty normal now. My
:17:46. > :17:49.parents worry sometimes. They will think that maybe I will have friends
:17:50. > :17:57.issues or something because I don't think the same way. Since my teenage
:17:58. > :18:02.life started I was in Africa. So basically half African. I think our
:18:03. > :18:07.generation has a different view. We were brought up here. We're more
:18:08. > :18:10.into the country. It's like, yeah, like my parents grow up in China, so
:18:11. > :18:19.they think different from us actually.
:18:20. > :18:27.It's kind of like stretching your personality. When I hang out with
:18:28. > :18:35.Zambian friends I'm more like African. When I go back I can be a
:18:36. > :18:40.proper Chinese girl. TRANSLATION: We studied the Zambian
:18:41. > :18:44.market before we came. Zambia is a developing country. People's living
:18:45. > :18:48.standards are rising. As that goes up, people's consumption of eggs and
:18:49. > :18:56.chicken goes up. We saw the business opportunity. That's why we came.
:18:57. > :19:01.TRANSLATION: Of course, China is better. I miss China a lot. I'm here
:19:02. > :19:04.just because he's here, the business is here and our daughter's here. I'd
:19:05. > :19:17.like to go back to China one day. Yeah I would go back, but I think
:19:18. > :19:24.more like visiting, with my parents, during holiday wise.
:19:25. > :19:28.do that. The Chinese businessmen we've spoken
:19:29. > :19:32.to say they want to raise the standard of living for all Africans.
:19:33. > :19:36.By turning them into consumers and boosting economic growth through
:19:37. > :19:42.inacrossed domestic demand. By March next year, Kenya will be the site of
:19:43. > :19:46.a new megamall, 66,000 square metres of prime retail space, the biggest
:19:47. > :19:48.of its kind on the continent outside South Africa. I've been to take a
:19:49. > :19:54.look. It used to be a lush, green coffee
:19:55. > :19:59.plantation. Now it's given way to upmarket coffee shops. At least
:20:00. > :20:06.that's the plan when this megamall opens next year, the biggest in
:20:07. > :20:14.Sub-Saharan Africa outside South Africa. We're going onto a
:20:15. > :20:20.construction site, so the hard hat. Kenya's not seen anything like this
:20:21. > :20:23.before. There'll be shops, gyms, restaurants, bars, luxury
:20:24. > :20:30.accommodation and office suites, all on 100 acres of prime real estate.
:20:31. > :20:33.There is some 2,000 people working on this site round the clock to get
:20:34. > :20:37.things ready for the opening date of March next year. In the past, there
:20:38. > :20:42.has been criticism that with big projects like these it's been mainly
:20:43. > :20:48.Chinese labour that's been used. For every 20 of the Kenyan workers
:20:49. > :20:51.there, there's one Chinese supervisor. There is now a
:20:52. > :20:55.commitment to try and train more Kenyans into managerial roles, so
:20:56. > :21:01.eventually they'll mirror the skills of the Chinese. Christopher's team
:21:02. > :21:06.are putting the finishing touches to the flooring in what will eventually
:21:07. > :21:10.be a restaurant. With thousands of people expected to flock here every
:21:11. > :21:15.day and with Kenya's history of terrorist attacks, security is one
:21:16. > :21:18.of the key considerations. $12 million has been invested in the
:21:19. > :21:24.latest state-of-the-art technology to make sure this place is safe. In
:21:25. > :21:28.many ways, this megamall is something of a metaphor for an
:21:29. > :21:33.increasingly confident, globalised Kenya and it's an image that its
:21:34. > :21:37.Chinese partners are keen to endorse.
:21:38. > :21:40.Africa may be looking east to development dreams but China is not
:21:41. > :21:44.alone in seeking opportunities here. India is hoping to play catch up,
:21:45. > :21:50.competing with its Asian rival and drawing on its deep historic ties
:21:51. > :21:55.here. Despite China's turnover being three times that of India's. The
:21:56. > :22:01.subcontinent is working hard to make up for that time. We look at the
:22:02. > :22:07.rivalry between China and India for Africa's business.
:22:08. > :22:12.Yand's putting on a grand show to would Africa. A lavish spectacle
:22:13. > :22:20.illustrating the historical and cultural ties, but with an eye to
:22:21. > :22:24.the future and the hope of generating prosperity. It's a summit
:22:25. > :22:34.that's unprecedented, with a record number of African leaders taking
:22:35. > :22:42.part. From powerful ones such as South Africa's Jacob Zuma to
:22:43. > :22:55.controversial ones like Robert Mugabe. He's now in his 90s.
:22:56. > :23:00.Welcoming them, Indian Prime Minister Modhi said Indian and
:23:01. > :23:09.Africa could develop commitment on climate change. We will develop
:23:10. > :23:16.India, Africa partnership on clean energy, sustainable habitats, public
:23:17. > :23:21.transport and climate resilient agriculture. India's looking for new
:23:22. > :23:25.business opportunities. And a number of African countries have asked for
:23:26. > :23:30.more investment and even help in combatting terrorism. It's a two-way
:23:31. > :23:34.thing. One, Africa is changing. The demographics is changing. It's
:23:35. > :23:38.urbanising. 40% of the population is urbanised. It's got tremendous
:23:39. > :23:44.arable land available here for exploitation. It's been 32 years
:23:45. > :23:48.since India organised a summit of this scale. While everyone is
:23:49. > :23:53.pleased at the turnout, there is a sense here that India has been late
:23:54. > :23:57.in reaching out to Africa, like China, India's interested in
:23:58. > :24:03.Africa's rich reserve of natural resources. While India's annual
:24:04. > :24:08.trade turnover is worth $72 billion. China does business worth $200
:24:09. > :24:12.billion. A number of Africans travel to India for medical treatment and
:24:13. > :24:17.to study. Both at a fraction of what they would have to pay in the West.
:24:18. > :24:20.Now India wants to extend this limited engagement. The question is
:24:21. > :24:28.whether its renewed focus in Africa will bear fruit.
:24:29. > :24:31.That's all from this special edition of Reporters. From here in
:24:32. > :24:36.Johannesburg, goodbye for now.