:00:21. > :00:25.Welcome to Reporters. From here in the world newsroom we send out
:00:26. > :00:31.correspondence to bring you the best stories from across the globe. In
:00:32. > :00:34.this week's programme, Turkey's people smuggling mafias as record
:00:35. > :00:37.numbers enter the country over the last month Fergal Keane goes
:00:38. > :00:53.undercover with the ruthless traffickers in human misery.
:00:54. > :01:02.Is Poland being Putin eyes to? Sweeping new powers imposed on the
:01:03. > :01:06.media and courts. Katie Russell asks if the new government is eroding
:01:07. > :01:12.democracy. We are afraid to fight for our country for all that we made
:01:13. > :01:18.in the last 25 years, and we don't want to reverse that. Tonga's weight
:01:19. > :01:24.problem, Katie Watson reports on one of the world's worst health crises
:01:25. > :01:28.where 90% of people are obese or overweight. This is the cue for the
:01:29. > :01:33.daily diabetes clinic. The biggest queue by far here at the country's
:01:34. > :01:37.main hospital. The country has one of the highest levels of type two
:01:38. > :01:41.diabetes in the world. Simon Cox reports now matches at Wimbledon and
:01:42. > :01:46.other tennis tournaments have been investigated over suspicions of
:01:47. > :01:50.match fixing. I am Chris Rock and hosting the Oscars. And they have a
:01:51. > :01:54.black host but no black actors among the nominees. James Cook in
:01:55. > :02:00.Hollywood asks, are the Oscars to white?
:02:01. > :02:06.It now rivals the drugs trade in the scalability illegal profits.
:02:07. > :02:10.According to the head of the law enforcement agency Europol people
:02:11. > :02:16.smuggling netted criminal gangs more than $6 billion last year. This year
:02:17. > :02:19.is only getting worse. More than 23,000 people have been smuggled
:02:20. > :02:23.into Europe from Turkey in the past three weeks. Be you has pledged more
:02:24. > :02:28.than $4 billion in aid to Turkey to tackle the problem, but as Fergal
:02:29. > :02:32.Keane ports, this hasn't stopped the ruthless gangs determined to make
:02:33. > :02:35.even more money from the trade in human misery.
:02:36. > :02:44.By the time they get here there is one choice: Refugees must pay the
:02:45. > :02:47.criminal gangs or get stuck in Turkey. So far in 2016, the numbers
:02:48. > :02:54.trying to cross to Europe have tripled compared to last year. With
:02:55. > :03:11.rough winter seas, prices have more than halved to around $700.
:03:12. > :03:21.The smuggling Mafia has offices in the centre of town, where we
:03:22. > :03:27.secretly filmed this man, who calls himself to .Mac and boasts of his
:03:28. > :03:40.connections. -- cult insult Abu Saif.
:03:41. > :04:02.We have discovered that even children have been recruited into
:04:03. > :04:05.the trade. These Syrian refugee boys were selling life jackets, the
:04:06. > :04:16.oldest no more than 13, the youngest about eight.
:04:17. > :04:19.Then the older one offered to organise a crossing for our
:04:20. > :04:33.undercover reporter. And the boy assured us there would
:04:34. > :04:40.be no danger of the boat breaking down. But boats do sink. The
:04:41. > :04:44.drowning of three-year-olds either Khadiza September sparked brief
:04:45. > :04:48.outrage, but the trade continued. Overcrowded boats sinking on rough
:04:49. > :04:54.seas as refugees try to steer themselves. Resisting smuggler's
:04:55. > :04:57.orders can be perilous. This woman was afraid to travel on an
:04:58. > :05:14.overcrowded dinghy and told me what happened next.
:05:15. > :05:21.And we would discover just how dangerous and brazen they are. Under
:05:22. > :05:24.the light of a thunderstorm we waited at a beach. More than 30
:05:25. > :05:33.people drowned here all week earlier. Suddenly, the lights of a
:05:34. > :05:38.smuggler's coach carrying refugees. As the sun rose, we found the people
:05:39. > :05:44.on the beach. They were readying themselves. Soon the smugglers would
:05:45. > :05:58.return with boats. The majority here are women and children from Iraq.
:05:59. > :06:01.TRANSLATION: We are Iraqis, we still love our country but we left, the
:06:02. > :06:06.man says, when I left home I cried and cried, my family and children
:06:07. > :06:11.left and I was alone there. The people here are now waiting for the
:06:12. > :06:14.smuggler's boat to arrive. It is a journey of about two and a half
:06:15. > :06:19.hours to Greece and once they are there, the journey into Europe
:06:20. > :06:23.begins. The police came. Turkey says it is clamping down on smuggling.
:06:24. > :06:28.There have been dozens of arrests. But not this time. The police went
:06:29. > :06:32.away. Then four bands appeared, the Turkish smugglers and there
:06:33. > :06:34.inflatable boats. Seeing us, they became angry. Off-camera, one
:06:35. > :06:58.pointed to his gun. We hid behind rocks and witnessed
:06:59. > :07:02.the loading of the refugees. As the boats are launched, a smuggler jumps
:07:03. > :07:07.off. The people are on their own. One boat breaks down. A man
:07:08. > :07:14.desperately tries to restart the engine. The other boat moves towards
:07:15. > :07:20.Greece. After nervous minutes, the second boat is on its way again. War
:07:21. > :07:25.and the failure of governments have left the vulnerable at the mercy of
:07:26. > :07:31.criminals. Fergal Keane, BBC News, western Turkey.
:07:32. > :07:35.Is Poland being Putin eyes? It was one of the big achievements of be
:07:36. > :07:40.you with its transition to democracy and strong economy but is now being
:07:41. > :07:44.accused of flouting European law by imposing far ranging measures which
:07:45. > :07:47.are seen as anti-democratic. The new government elected not overcome
:07:48. > :07:52.effectively now hire and fire head of public TV and TV and radio and
:07:53. > :07:56.has limited the power of the country's Constitutional Court. The
:07:57. > :08:00.president of the European Parliament has described the situation as a
:08:01. > :08:05.dangerous Putin eyes age and of European politics with reference to
:08:06. > :08:08.be increasingly authoritarian Russian leader Vladimir Putin. Katie
:08:09. > :08:14.Russell went to Warsaw to find out if Poland is now a threat to the
:08:15. > :08:19.European union. The atmosphere in Poland is shifting fast. For the
:08:20. > :08:22.first time since the end of communist, a democratically elected
:08:23. > :08:27.government has a majority and is busy implementing its own brand of
:08:28. > :08:33.patriotic Christian conservatism. We are afraid, afraid for our country.
:08:34. > :08:39.You don't really know where this politics is going. Two. So is that
:08:40. > :08:43.true? Put several decades Poland has been the poster nation for European
:08:44. > :08:47.success. But it's new government has set it on a course that now sees it
:08:48. > :08:52.accused of eroding the progress made here over the last 25 years. It has
:08:53. > :08:57.only been in power for two months but already the ruling law and
:08:58. > :09:00.Justice party here has made significant changes, pushing through
:09:01. > :09:05.reforms to increase its influence over the highest court in the land.
:09:06. > :09:09.It has sacked managers and reporters that state-owned TV and radio
:09:10. > :09:13.stations and is purging the civil service, and it has boosted
:09:14. > :09:17.surveillance rights for the police and secret services. For the law and
:09:18. > :09:20.Justice party this is about leaving behind what they depict as the
:09:21. > :09:22.liberal, corrupt elites they say ruled Poland for too long.
:09:23. > :10:09.TRANSLATION: But tens of thousands do not buy
:10:10. > :10:14.that, and have taken to the streets to protest, many for the first time
:10:15. > :10:18.since the collapse of communist and. We are afraid, afraid for our
:10:19. > :10:26.country, for all that mean we made for the last 25 years, and we don't
:10:27. > :10:29.want to reverse that. Some of those who oppose the new government blamed
:10:30. > :11:08.themselves in part for what has happened.
:11:09. > :11:14.Poland is the sixth largest economy in the European Union. It could have
:11:15. > :11:18.its voting rights suspended if the government is found wanting. In
:11:19. > :11:22.reality, though, it is unlikely there is a will to pick a serious
:11:23. > :11:26.fight with a country that is so important to the union.
:11:27. > :11:31.The lifting of international factions against Iran has been
:11:32. > :11:35.hailed as marking a new era in relations between Tehran and
:11:36. > :11:39.Washington but is also likely to significantly impact Iran's regional
:11:40. > :11:42.neighbours including Afghanistan. Banking restrictions imposed under
:11:43. > :11:46.sanctions make trading with a run difficult but now local economies in
:11:47. > :11:49.Afghanistan are confident that business and job opportunities will
:11:50. > :11:53.pick up. Justin roll-out has travelled along the ancient trade
:11:54. > :12:01.route between Afghanistan and Iran to have wrapped to find out more.
:12:02. > :12:05.Herat was once a staging post on one of the greatest trade routes in the
:12:06. > :12:10.world, the ancient silk Road between China and Europe. Iran is less than
:12:11. > :12:15.100 miles away. The border never actually closed but lifting
:12:16. > :12:18.sanctions is going to make trade much easier, increasing competition.
:12:19. > :12:25.Already it seems virtually all the products in the market are either
:12:26. > :12:30.made in a run or come through a run, so let's look. Where is this from?
:12:31. > :12:36.This is Iranians. What about this stuff? Iran. What about the soap,
:12:37. > :12:40.this is Afghanistan. So some are from Afghanistan but obviously this
:12:41. > :12:44.competition makes it difficult for Afghan manufacturers the other side
:12:45. > :12:46.of the coin is a cause that it is great for consumers because
:12:47. > :12:53.competition tends to mean lower prices. In fact the whole world is
:12:54. > :12:57.already feeling the effects of new competition from Iran. Fuel prices
:12:58. > :13:03.are falling in anticipation of a run opening up the taps on its vast
:13:04. > :13:09.supplies of oil. Many business people here say they relish the
:13:10. > :13:13.challenge of uranium competition. The most important thing is that we
:13:14. > :13:19.will be able to transfer money by the banks. That is going to make it
:13:20. > :13:23.easier for us to buy uranium goods. More importantly I hope it will make
:13:24. > :13:27.Afghanistan a transit point for trade with other countries. Perhaps
:13:28. > :13:32.that would make what used to be known as the Imperial road a bit
:13:33. > :13:37.more imperious. Because trade across the entire region is expected to
:13:38. > :13:41.pick up now. The commander at the border tells me the workforce will
:13:42. > :13:46.travel to 6000, meaning they won't want to join the Taliban, he told
:13:47. > :13:54.me, evidence of just how closely entwined economics and politics can
:13:55. > :13:58.be. Part of the rationale of lifting sanctions is to draw Irani, a pariah
:13:59. > :14:02.states just a few years ago, back into the game, knitting it more
:14:03. > :14:07.closely into the economics and politics of this troubled region.
:14:08. > :14:13.The hope is it could become a powerful force for stability, and
:14:14. > :14:18.that would benefit us all. Justin Rose at, BBC News,.
:14:19. > :14:22.The South Pacific may be known as a tropical paradise but some of its
:14:23. > :14:27.island are suffering the worst health crises in the world. Tongans
:14:28. > :14:32.are among the most obese anywhere and illnesses like diabetes are
:14:33. > :14:36.putting a strain on the government's health services. As Katie Watson
:14:37. > :14:40.reports, authorities are using desperate measures to tackle the
:14:41. > :14:52.problem. Every morning Tonga's fishermen bring their catch to the
:14:53. > :14:54.local market but it is getting harder to sell to customers,
:14:55. > :14:57.especially when there is competition like this on the other side of the
:14:58. > :14:59.harbour, cuts of imported meat such as these fatty mutton flaps have
:15:00. > :15:01.become a Tongan staple in recent years. With globalisation trade has
:15:02. > :15:04.become easier and food cheaper, supermarkets stocked with tinned and
:15:05. > :15:09.frozen meat from abroad and local produce relatively costly. The
:15:10. > :15:12.foreign food is bling baying for our health crisis here and across the
:15:13. > :15:18.Pacific Islands, a crisis not just costly for health but for the
:15:19. > :15:22.government's finances as well. This is the cue for the daily diabetes
:15:23. > :15:26.clinic, the biggest queue by far in the country's main hospital. 90% of
:15:27. > :15:30.Tongans are obese or overweight and it has a massive health impact. This
:15:31. > :15:35.country has one of the highest levels of type two diabetes in the
:15:36. > :15:39.world. Doctors are working flat out. Despite government initiatives to
:15:40. > :15:43.make people aware of the danger of the city and diabetes it is yet to
:15:44. > :15:51.make a big difference here. Where we are, we still continue to see so
:15:52. > :15:55.many people living with diabetes. Our workload is not easing up. If
:15:56. > :16:00.anything it is expanding. This family have been through a lot. One
:16:01. > :16:03.lost her leg several years ago because of combinations with
:16:04. > :16:09.diabetes, but she is not the only one suffering. It started with my
:16:10. > :16:14.grandma, now my mum, my dad, two of my sisters and now me, and we have
:16:15. > :16:18.gone from just eating whatever to watching what we eat. Some
:16:19. > :16:22.scientists believe Tonga's problem is partly down to genetics, that
:16:23. > :16:26.Pacific Islanders in the past survived long periods without food
:16:27. > :16:31.so their bodies are programmed to cling on to fact. But diet plays a
:16:32. > :16:35.huge role and in a deeply religious country where feasting and food are
:16:36. > :16:40.central to live here, it is a hard message to sell. Even Tonga's health
:16:41. > :16:43.Minister thinks people could do more to help themselves. Charging for
:16:44. > :16:49.health care may be unpopular but he thinks it could make a difference.
:16:50. > :16:55.They know that if they do this they will end up in hospital, and if they
:16:56. > :17:00.end up in hospital they have to pay. But right now that is not the
:17:01. > :17:05.mentality of people, we do what we do, we won't be charged. While the
:17:06. > :17:09.politicians work on how to prevent the problem, the doctors are working
:17:10. > :17:13.on the kill, but as one doctor pointed out, this is a disease that
:17:14. > :17:18.will get worse before it gets better. This health crisis is far
:17:19. > :17:23.from over. Katie Watson, BBC News, in Tonga. The BBC has learned that
:17:24. > :17:27.Wimbledon championship matches have been investigated over suspicions of
:17:28. > :17:31.match fixing. Documents obtained by the BBC and the website Buzzfeed
:17:32. > :17:36.news described strong evidence linking betting syndicates to
:17:37. > :17:39.players, but they were not pursued by the anti-corruption body for
:17:40. > :17:43.tennis. Over the last decade there have also been concerns about as
:17:44. > :17:51.many as 16 players including winners of grand slam titles. Simon Cox at
:17:52. > :17:55.this exclusive report. Tennis is a big deal for the
:17:56. > :18:00.gambling industry, with billions betting on the sport each year. It
:18:01. > :18:04.needs to be whiter than white. In 2007 an investigation was launched
:18:05. > :18:09.into suspicious betting and match fixing. Mark Phillips was part of
:18:10. > :18:14.that investigation. Yan lists and investigators handling the players
:18:15. > :18:19.with the gamblers, and that was one of the reasons we believe this
:18:20. > :18:23.evidence was so strong. It seemed like a perfect opportunity for
:18:24. > :18:28.tennis to charge players, complete the investigation, get through the
:18:29. > :18:33.disciplinary system, then create a strong deterrent. The BBC and
:18:34. > :18:38.Buzzfeed News obtained documents from tennis insiders, including the
:18:39. > :18:41.investigation carried out by Mark Phillips and others. They identify a
:18:42. > :18:49.series of betting syndicates linked to players. A Russian group who bet
:18:50. > :18:55.on five suspicious matches and 1/200 and ?50,000, North Italian group
:18:56. > :19:00.placed bets on 28 matches and 1/600 and ?50,000. A Sicilian syndicate
:19:01. > :19:06.bet on 12 games including three matches at Wimbledon, and one
:19:07. > :19:11.?650,000. This syndicate targeted Wimbledon more than any other grand
:19:12. > :19:17.slam. The documents we have obtained also show that the former top 50
:19:18. > :19:23.player Martin The Faldo Wellow exchanged 82 texts with a Sicilian
:19:24. > :19:27.gambler before a match in 2006. Investigators retrieved parts of
:19:28. > :19:41.them. In the morning the gambler text at him: He responds: Before the
:19:42. > :19:48.game, he gambler again. The gambler's syndicate went on to win
:19:49. > :19:54.over ?250,000 on the match. We put this to Aguero, but he declined to
:19:55. > :19:59.comment. We have learned of repeated alerts about 16 top level players
:20:00. > :20:03.involved in suspicious matches sent to tennis's integrity unit over a
:20:04. > :20:09.number of years. Some of those players will be on court this week
:20:10. > :20:13.at the Australian Open. Tennis is just a hobby now for this former
:20:14. > :20:18.player, the first to be banned for match fixing, which he denies. He
:20:19. > :20:24.told me about approaches to fix matches he had received and refused.
:20:25. > :20:31.In Chennai they offered me 50,000 to lose against Abidine ko in the first
:20:32. > :20:39.round. In Paris they offered me double money to lose in straight
:20:40. > :20:44.sets, and also a bigger amount than $50,000 against Tipp Sara vitch in
:20:45. > :20:48.Moscow. Those in charge of the game are adamant they had taken
:20:49. > :20:55.corruption seriously. We are aware it is there, I think it is at an
:20:56. > :20:59.incredibly small level, and it is our business going forward that we
:21:00. > :21:03.keep acting upon this in the best possible way. One of the architects
:21:04. > :21:08.of tennis's integrity unit is critical of the way the sport has
:21:09. > :21:12.tackled match fixing. There is an element of actually keeping things
:21:13. > :21:16.under wraps. Nobody likes doing Meadow to washing in public. If they
:21:17. > :21:21.were serious about dealing with this then they really need to create an
:21:22. > :21:26.integrity unit with teeth. In order to keep people playing and watching,
:21:27. > :21:36.the sport must prove it is doing all it can to protect the game. Simon
:21:37. > :21:39.Cox, BBC News. Is Hollywood racist? In the absence
:21:40. > :21:41.of black actors among the nominees for the Oscars for the second year
:21:42. > :21:43.running has led to calls to boycott this year's ceremony. The Academy of
:21:44. > :21:48.motion picture arts and scientist says it is looking into the
:21:49. > :21:53.diversity of us membership, which is over 90% white and has an average
:21:54. > :21:57.age of over 60. James Cook has been to Hollywood to find out if the
:21:58. > :22:01.Oscars are too white. I am Chris Rock and I am posting the Oscars.
:22:02. > :22:05.They may have a host but the Hollywood elite doesn't look like
:22:06. > :22:11.him. Nominations for the Oscars are decided by some 6000 members of
:22:12. > :22:17.motion picture arts and scientists, overwhelmingly white men over 50.
:22:18. > :22:21.Matt Damon, Leonardo DiCaprio this year or 20 performers up for an
:22:22. > :22:30.Oscar have one thing in common: Again. For 20 opportunities to
:22:31. > :22:35.celebrate actors and actresses of colour to be missed last year is one
:22:36. > :22:46.thing. For that to happen again this year is unforgivable. GANGSTER WRAP.
:22:47. > :22:51.Also missing is this film, straight at Compton, about hip-hop in LA,
:22:52. > :22:55.critically acclaimed but Oscar-nominated not as best picture
:22:56. > :22:59.but for its white screenwriters. In Compton today dismay about the Oscar
:23:00. > :23:04.nominations runs deep. For many people here what is happening in
:23:05. > :23:09.Hollywood is symbolic of a continuing fight for equality half a
:23:10. > :23:14.century on from the civil rights struggles of the 1960s. I think it
:23:15. > :23:22.is wrong, I think when you have 40 actors over two years and not one of
:23:23. > :23:28.colour, not even nominated, we are just saying being nominated, I just
:23:29. > :23:30.think it is wrong. Yes, I think it's reality, it happens, but it's not
:23:31. > :23:35.right and it's time for someone to speak at. What should happen? I
:23:36. > :23:40.think they should look deeper into the actors and dominate black
:23:41. > :23:43.people, why not? So does Spike Lee. He is boycotting the ceremony
:23:44. > :23:47.calling the Oscars Lillywhite, and the only black film-maker ever to
:23:48. > :23:54.win a best picture Oscar has told the BBC the problem is bigger than
:23:55. > :23:58.the Academy. I think racism has a lot to do with the Academy and the
:23:59. > :24:04.Democratic, one could talk about it, but that for me is beside the point,
:24:05. > :24:08.it is about getting things made. The president of the Academy says she is
:24:09. > :24:13.heartbroken and frustrated, but... It helps that everybody understands
:24:14. > :24:18.this organisation is completely committed to turning this narrative
:24:19. > :24:22.around. Too late for this year's Oscars, already drowned out by the
:24:23. > :24:27.question, is Hollywood racist? James Cook, BBC News, Los Angeles.
:24:28. > :24:55.That's all from Reporters for this week. From me, goodbye for now.
:24:56. > :24:56.It's pretty benign our weather, in comparison with the other side of