:00:17. > :00:25.From here in the World News rooms, we send out correspondents to bring
:00:26. > :00:27.you the best stories from across the globe.
:00:28. > :00:28.In this week's programme, Turkey's people-smuggling mafias:
:00:29. > :00:31.as record numbers enter the country over the last month,
:00:32. > :00:33.Fergal Keane goes undercover with the ruthless traffickers
:00:34. > :01:08.And one of the world's worst health crises, over 90% of people are
:01:09. > :01:10.overweight or obese. This country has one of the highest levels of
:01:11. > :01:21.type two diabetes in the world. And they have a black host but no
:01:22. > :01:24.black actors among the nominees. James Cook in Hollywood asks,
:01:25. > :01:27.are the Oscars too white? It now rivals the drugs trade
:01:28. > :01:30.in the scale of its illegal profits. According to the head of the law
:01:31. > :01:32.enforcement agency Europol, people-smuggling netted
:01:33. > :01:34.criminal gangs more than $6 More than 23,000 people have been
:01:35. > :01:42.smuggled into Europe from Turkey The EU has pledged more than $4
:01:43. > :01:48.billion in aid to Turkey to tackle the problem, but as Fergal Keane
:01:49. > :01:51.reports, this hasn't stopped the ruthless gangs determined
:01:52. > :01:53.to make even more money By the time they get
:01:54. > :01:57.here there is one choice - Refugees must pay the criminal gangs
:01:58. > :02:10.or get stuck in Turkey. So far in 2016, the numbers trying
:02:11. > :02:13.to cross to Europe have tripled With rough winter seas,
:02:14. > :02:19.prices have more than halved The smuggling mafia has offices
:02:20. > :02:39.in the centre of town, where we secretly filmed this man,
:02:40. > :02:42.who calls himself Abu Saif We have discovered that even
:02:43. > :03:07.children have been recruited These Syrian refugee boys
:03:08. > :03:12.were selling life jackets, the oldest no more than 13,
:03:13. > :03:27.the youngest about eight. Then the older one offered
:03:28. > :03:29.to organise a crossing And the boy assured us
:03:30. > :03:42.there would be no danger Resisting smugglers'
:03:43. > :03:49.orders can be perilous. This woman was afraid to travel
:03:50. > :03:51.on an overcrowded dinghy, We hid behind rocks and witnessed
:03:52. > :04:23.the loading of the refugees. As the boats are launched,
:04:24. > :04:25.a smuggler jumps off. A man desperately tries
:04:26. > :04:30.to restart the engine. After nervous minutes,
:04:31. > :04:37.the second boat is on its way again. War and the failure of governments
:04:38. > :04:39.have left the vulnerable Fergal Keane, BBC News,
:04:40. > :04:54.Western Turkey. The South Pacific may be known
:04:55. > :04:57.as a tropical paradise, but some of its islanders
:04:58. > :04:59.are suffering the worst health Tongans are among the most obese
:05:00. > :05:02.anywhere, and illnesses like diabetes are putting a strain
:05:03. > :05:05.on the government's health services. As Katie Watson reports,
:05:06. > :05:07.authorities are using desperate Every morning, Tonga's fishermen
:05:08. > :05:11.bring their catch to the local market, but it is getting harder
:05:12. > :05:17.to sell to customers, especially when there is competition
:05:18. > :05:19.like this on the other side of the harbour - cuts of imported
:05:20. > :05:22.meat such as these fatty mutton flaps have become a Tongan
:05:23. > :05:25.staple in recent years. With globalisation, trade has become
:05:26. > :05:27.easier and food cheaper - supermarkets stocked with tinned
:05:28. > :05:29.and frozen meat from abroad, The foreign food is being blamed
:05:30. > :05:38.for a health crisis here and across the Pacific Islands -
:05:39. > :05:41.a crisis not just costly for health but for the government's
:05:42. > :05:45.finances as well. This is the queue for the daily
:05:46. > :05:48.diabetes clinic, the biggest queue by far here in
:05:49. > :05:51.the country's main hospital. 90% of Tongans are obese
:05:52. > :05:54.or overweight, and it has This country has one of the highest
:05:55. > :05:58.levels of type two Despite government initiatives
:05:59. > :06:05.to make people aware of the danger of obesity and diabetes,
:06:06. > :06:07.it is yet to make Where we are, we still continue
:06:08. > :06:13.to see so many people This woman lost her leg several
:06:14. > :06:40.years ago because of combinations with diabetes, but she is not
:06:41. > :06:42.the only one suffering. It started with my grandma,
:06:43. > :06:45.now my mum, my dad, two of my sisters and now me,
:06:46. > :06:48.and we have gone from just eating Some scientists believe Tonga's
:06:49. > :06:53.problem is partly down to genetics - that Pacific Islanders in the past
:06:54. > :06:56.survived long periods without food, so their bodies are programmed
:06:57. > :06:58.to cling on to fat. to help themselves.
:06:59. > :07:12.and in a deeply religious country, and if they end up in hospital
:07:13. > :07:24.they have to pay. While the politicians work on how
:07:25. > :07:40.to prevent the problem, this is a disease that will get
:07:41. > :07:43.worse before it gets better. The absence of black actors among
:07:44. > :08:05.the nominees for the Oscars for the second year running has
:08:06. > :08:08.led to calls to boycott The Academy of Motion Picture arts
:08:09. > :08:11.and Sciences says it is looking into the diversity of its
:08:12. > :08:14.membership, which is over 90% white James Cook has been to Hollywood
:08:15. > :08:19.to find out if the I am Chris Rock and I'm
:08:20. > :08:22.hosting the Oscars. They may have a host,
:08:23. > :08:28.but the Hollywood elite doesn't of the Academy of Motion
:08:29. > :08:30.Picture Arts and Sciences - This year, the 20 performers up
:08:31. > :08:40.for an Oscar have one For 20 opportunities to celebrate
:08:41. > :08:47.actors and actresses of colour to be GANGSTA RAP
:08:48. > :09:00.year is unforgivable. Also missing is this film,
:09:01. > :09:03.Straight Outta Compton, about hip-hop in LA -
:09:04. > :09:06.critically acclaimed but Oscar-nominated not
:09:07. > :09:08.as Best Picture but for its In Compton today, dismay about
:09:09. > :09:15.the Oscar nominations runs deep. For many people here
:09:16. > :09:18.what is happening in Hollywood is symbolic of a continuing fight
:09:19. > :09:21.for equality, half a century on from the civil rights
:09:22. > :09:26.struggles of the 1960s. I think it is wrong,
:09:27. > :09:30.I think when you have 40 actors over two years and not one of colour,
:09:31. > :09:33.not even nominated, we are just Yes, I think it's reality,
:09:34. > :09:40.it happens, but it's not right and it's time for
:09:41. > :09:45.someone to speak up. I think they should look deeper
:09:46. > :09:56.into the actors and nominate He is boycotting the ceremony
:09:57. > :10:01.calling the Oscars "lily-white," and the only black film-maker ever
:10:02. > :10:04.to win a Best Picture Oscar has told the BBC the problem is bigger
:10:05. > :10:07.than the Academy. I think racism has a lot to do
:10:08. > :10:10.with the Academy, one could talk about it,
:10:11. > :10:12.but that for me that is beside the point -
:10:13. > :10:18.it is about getting things made. The president of the Academy
:10:19. > :10:20.says she is heartbroken It helps that everybody understands
:10:21. > :10:27.this organisation is completely committed to turning
:10:28. > :10:33.this narrative around. Too late for this year's Oscars,
:10:34. > :10:36.already drowned out by the question, James Cook, BBC News,
:10:37. > :10:41.Los Angeles. That's all from Reporters
:10:42. > :10:44.for this week.