:00:00. > :00:30.From here in the BBC Newsroom we send out correspondents to bring
:00:31. > :00:32.you the best stories from across the globe.
:00:33. > :00:42.Ukraine's second winter of war. Fergal Keane returns to the village
:00:43. > :00:46.where the fighting is still going on and it is the villagers who are
:00:47. > :01:00.determined to stay. Conditions are much harder than we last visited.
:01:01. > :01:08.France strikes back against IS, Jonathan Beale joins a French
:01:09. > :01:13.carrier in the Gulf after it intensifies its response following
:01:14. > :01:15.the Paris attacks. This started is after the attacks in Paris and that
:01:16. > :01:24.is what makes this mission so personal for the crew here. A new
:01:25. > :01:29.dawn for South Africa's education system. We ask whether starting
:01:30. > :01:38.early is the key to the country's success. Japan and the whale as
:01:39. > :01:45.Tokyo defies a ban on whaling, we find out whether the Japanese love
:01:46. > :01:54.will need is really ending. -- of whale meat. Initially it feels like
:01:55. > :02:01.you are eating steak but much stronger flavour, very much like
:02:02. > :02:06.game. We look back on a secret special relationship. 75 years after
:02:07. > :02:14.the US and Britain joined forces to crack codes in World War II, their
:02:15. > :02:25.modern-day spy chiefs returned. There is no force a relationship and
:02:26. > :02:29.it is the rock of our security. It is a years in a deal was signed to
:02:30. > :02:33.bring peace to Ukraine, the Minsk agreement was meant to end the war
:02:34. > :02:37.between Ukrainian government and Russian backed rebels in which 9000
:02:38. > :02:41.people were killed and 2 million people fled their homes but these
:02:42. > :02:43.fire monitors in the east of the country say they have seen an
:02:44. > :02:48.increase in the level of violence in some areas, Fergal Keane has been
:02:49. > :02:55.reporting on the conflict since it began 18 months ago. He has returned
:02:56. > :03:01.to the battle area around done yet airport. -- Donetsk airport and the
:03:02. > :03:04.village abandoned by all but a handful of its residents.
:03:05. > :03:09.The war was always a story of disposition. On the front nine,
:03:10. > :03:15.Ukrainians hope to reconquer lost territory. And a handful of
:03:16. > :03:20.civilians on the dangerous lanes behind the shoulders -- soldiers.
:03:21. > :03:25.These are the winter lines, one of the most fought over villages in the
:03:26. > :03:33.world. And when we came last May in a remarkable couple, Anatoly, the
:03:34. > :03:40.beekeeper and his wife Svetlana, the refused to abandon their home and
:03:41. > :03:47.precious garden. We have come back to find out how they are coping. The
:03:48. > :03:50.second winter of the war has brought despondency.
:03:51. > :03:55.You seem much angrier and much sadder about the situation in
:03:56. > :04:24.Ukraine. There are only 18 people left ear
:04:25. > :04:28.out of the prewar population of 2000. Conditions are much harder
:04:29. > :04:50.than when we last visited, fire you staying?
:04:51. > :04:58.Neighbour Sonia has moved on one abandoned house to another after her
:04:59. > :05:03.phone was destroyed. She cares for her 53-year-old mentally and
:05:04. > :05:06.physically disabled. In June is this not have it, it is what is left when
:05:07. > :05:34.there is no other choice. Fence over first visit newly two
:05:35. > :05:38.years ago, the demonstrations and civil disorder gave way to all-out
:05:39. > :05:45.war. More than 9000 people have been killed, more than 2 million
:05:46. > :05:51.displaced. The front line is dividing communities and families.
:05:52. > :05:59.Every night in Donetsk, the sounds of battle echo. And it is here we
:06:00. > :06:06.met Tatiana, the daughter of Svetlana and Anatoly her job as an
:06:07. > :06:10.engineer vanished with the war, now she makes and sells dolls for a
:06:11. > :06:28.living. You must worry a lot about your parents.
:06:29. > :06:37.This is what passes for peace in the belief that tones of the East. --
:06:38. > :06:44.the leader. These are the survivors of the Soviet empire's collapse. The
:06:45. > :06:53.war reaches into the mind of the old and the young. Elena and their son
:06:54. > :06:58.who has a muscle wasting disease and six-year-old Sonia survived the
:06:59. > :07:00.shelling of their home. Before that they try to hide the reality of war
:07:01. > :07:31.from her daughter. What do you do when it is shooting
:07:32. > :07:43.and bombing? Everybody waits for the next move
:07:44. > :07:49.from Moscow or Kiev. Nobody believes this war is over.
:07:50. > :07:56.When the Paris attacks took those, France's on the aircraft carrier,
:07:57. > :08:01.the Charles de Gaulle was on a training mission at home. Note it is
:08:02. > :08:06.on patrol in the Persian Gulf at the heart of the bombing campaign
:08:07. > :08:11.against IS targets in Iraq and Syria as France steps up its response. The
:08:12. > :08:14.carrier's involvement has triple France's firepower on the commander
:08:15. > :08:19.of the veggie air campaign has told the BBC he thinks IS is on the
:08:20. > :08:21.defensive and no longer able to win battles. -- the commander of
:08:22. > :08:33.France's air campaign. We flew to the Charles de Gaulle via
:08:34. > :08:40.US Navy helicopter, Americans rely on its closest ally in the Gulf, not
:08:41. > :08:42.Britain but France. From this carrier, French warplanes have been
:08:43. > :08:47.targeting so-called Islamic State, also known
:08:48. > :09:00.this is the choreography. And cacophony before every sortie. Jets
:09:01. > :09:07.loaded with weapons followed by the return, often with not much left.
:09:08. > :09:15.These jets have been lunching with after wave of air on Islamic state
:09:16. > :09:19.targets, starting just days after the attacks on Paris and this is
:09:20. > :09:25.what makes this mission so personal for the crew on the Charles de
:09:26. > :09:29.Gaulle. Of us knew somebody was directly touched by the attacks in
:09:30. > :09:37.Paris, so it is the first time it has a big impact and the crew are
:09:38. > :09:42.determined. The links to the capital were already close, the decks below
:09:43. > :09:45.named after Paris streets. Now the Thais have become stronger with
:09:46. > :09:52.schoolchildren sending in pictures and letters to inspire the crew. Men
:09:53. > :10:00.like Serbia, who is responsible for maintaining the Jets on board. I am
:10:01. > :10:08.happy to be on board -- Xavier. I am happy to say that I was part of this
:10:09. > :10:12.victory against IS. France has twice as many jets flying bombing missions
:10:13. > :10:17.as Britain but we weren't allowed to interview the pilots, we were given
:10:18. > :10:29.this view from the cockpit and imagery from strikes. The French
:10:30. > :10:35.commander is willing to talk. IS is no longer able to win battles more
:10:36. > :10:43.to gain territory 's, that is a clear effect. What happened in Paris
:10:44. > :10:50.may have given the crudely belief their cause is just and a strong
:10:51. > :11:00.desire for victory. In reality, this war is far from over.
:11:01. > :11:05.Irish police are setting up a permanent armed support unit in
:11:06. > :11:10.Dublin after the city found itself in the middle of the gang war this
:11:11. > :11:13.week and it follows two killings including one at a boxing contest
:11:14. > :11:18.which police believe is the result of a conflict between two of the
:11:19. > :11:22.city's criminal gangs. Some servers will eat Dublin is on the verge of
:11:23. > :11:30.the most dangerous duty in Irish history. -- some observers.
:11:31. > :11:43.The latest to die in Dublin. The body of Eddie Hutch, shot dead in
:11:44. > :11:47.his own home. This city has seen two murders in four days, police are
:11:48. > :11:54.investigating a feud train two organised gangs and in the middle,
:11:55. > :11:58.ordinary people. What is your fear? That it could be anybody, you just
:11:59. > :12:04.don't know. You don't know who is going to be next. They seem to be
:12:05. > :12:07.getting away with it. Sandra has lived here all her life and it feels
:12:08. > :12:13.like the guns and gangs are taking over. They need to tackle the drug
:12:14. > :12:17.lords because they are destroying this city and the kids of the city.
:12:18. > :12:23.Who has been caught up in this violence? There is the Hutch family,
:12:24. > :12:30.Gerry Hutch, a reformed criminal, lost his brother and nephew and as
:12:31. > :12:34.Ireland's most victorious gangster, multimillionaire who now lives in
:12:35. > :12:39.Spain. September Gary Hutchinson murdered in Marbella and then hit
:12:40. > :12:49.men disguised as police with AK-47 stormed the Regency Hotel and killed
:12:50. > :12:54.David Byrne, a loyal friend. Eddie Hutch was shot nine times in his
:12:55. > :12:58.home. We were on the verge of the most dangerous feud in Irish
:12:59. > :13:01.history. Michael Toole has investigated the gangs for decades
:13:02. > :13:09.and believes they are more powerful now than ever. The pan-European
:13:10. > :13:13.operation and the target of several European police forces, the Empire
:13:14. > :13:20.is Wattel round a billion euros, supply most of the drugs to island,
:13:21. > :13:23.a massive operation. This is a dangerous moment because nobody
:13:24. > :13:27.knows what will happen next. Killings are being ordered without
:13:28. > :13:36.fear, a sense that those at the top do not care and believe that they
:13:37. > :13:41.are untouchable. Irish police said this hotel attack represented a new
:13:42. > :13:48.low for Dublin's criminal gangs and many fear more violence. Vela people
:13:49. > :13:52.don't feel safe now. The way things are carrying on. This man was
:13:53. > :13:57.friends with Eddie Hutch, too scared to show his face, his concern is
:13:58. > :14:05.that more will be killed. What happens next? It is very dangerous
:14:06. > :14:13.now. There might be one tomorrow. Might be four murders. Police still
:14:14. > :14:17.haven't rolled out dissident Irish republicans and say this is now an
:14:18. > :14:24.international investigation to take on the gangs.
:14:25. > :14:30.If you have limited resources, which level of education should you invest
:14:31. > :14:34.in, it is a question that countries are grappling with around the globe,
:14:35. > :14:39.in poorer nations, preschool education often gets left behind but
:14:40. > :14:42.with new UN goals seeing teaching the youngest should be a strategic
:14:43. > :14:50.objective, some countries like South Africa are investing more in nursery
:14:51. > :14:52.schools stop. In Johannesburg, starting early is seen as the key to
:14:53. > :15:00.success. The day begins with a prayer and the
:15:01. > :15:06.National anthem. Increase coolers to be patriotically proud is important
:15:07. > :15:14.at this school. Early involvement is important to any child because you
:15:15. > :15:21.managed to develop the child and have the child self-esteem before
:15:22. > :15:28.going to school. Social values are the basis on which this school was
:15:29. > :15:33.built in 1963. Across town lies the privately owned Buttercup Riesgo, it
:15:34. > :15:39.caters mainly for the children of the new middle-class. Start off with
:15:40. > :15:47.the mourning ring and then produce creative work, they're cutting and
:15:48. > :15:55.pasting skills, experimenting with colour, shape, form and different
:15:56. > :15:58.textures. At $3000 per year, these are fees that are ten times higher
:15:59. > :16:04.than that in Soweto but the curriculum is quite similar. The
:16:05. > :16:06.Soweto creche is partly funded through government subsidies and
:16:07. > :16:18.donors. Unemployment in the area is high. They give us ten children who
:16:19. > :16:26.have paid nothing, just to take a child from the street to be able to
:16:27. > :16:32.get four meals per day and play with her OS. Poverty is a serious problem
:16:33. > :16:36.in South Africa so the government has stepped up its welfare
:16:37. > :16:41.programmes. South Africa's education system has been for the national
:16:42. > :16:46.catastrophe and even the minister in charge concurs. To try to avert the
:16:47. > :16:49.problem from a lot of money has been diverted into high school education
:16:50. > :16:53.but now there is recognition that perhaps the best place to start is
:16:54. > :16:59.at preschool. Education makes up a sizeable portion of governments
:17:00. > :17:07.bending, nearly 10% in total. -- government spending. We have to
:17:08. > :17:14.focus on the quality. We want all our schools to teach the same things
:17:15. > :17:16.and we want to produce 30,000 by 2030. The government wants to create
:17:17. > :17:20.a skilled workforce because investors say that poor training and
:17:21. > :17:25.low productivity are the biggest weaknesses in the South African
:17:26. > :17:29.economy. As these toddlers play, they are not aware of the challenges
:17:30. > :17:36.ahead of them. The trust innocently but their future is guaranteed.
:17:37. > :17:47.Hunting whales is relevant for the Japanese population and it was
:17:48. > :17:51.global combination and it is not economic so why do Japan still do
:17:52. > :17:55.it. The company's whaling fleet began catching Wales and the
:17:56. > :18:01.Antarctic this week despite a ban against it, they said that whaling
:18:02. > :18:05.is an integral part of Japanese culture that has been carried out
:18:06. > :18:09.for centuries. As we have been finding out, it might not be as much
:18:10. > :18:12.a part of the Japanese way of life as we are led to believe.
:18:13. > :18:23.There is nowhere else like this, Tokyo's famously chaotic fish market
:18:24. > :18:27.is by far the biggest in the world. That is because Japan is still the
:18:28. > :18:35.world's biggest consumer of seafood. The varieties you is extraordinary.
:18:36. > :18:39.But I have come to find whale meat and this lady is my guide. I need
:18:40. > :18:45.her, in this past market there are only two small stands but still sell
:18:46. > :18:48.it. Today there is very little for sale. This is minty quail, this is
:18:49. > :18:58.from endangered fin whale. The owner tells me he sells about 20
:18:59. > :19:07.kilograms per day, all to restaurants. TRANSLATION: The fact
:19:08. > :19:11.is that Japanese people do not eat whale meat any more, it has been
:19:12. > :19:18.falling for years, Japan get at most 4000 tonnes of whale meat per year
:19:19. > :19:23.but even as the number whales caught was done, the price of meat does not
:19:24. > :19:26.go up. The Japanese government says that whale hunting has been part of
:19:27. > :19:30.Japanese culture for centuries but the truth is that Japan only be can
:19:31. > :19:34.large-scale hunting of whales in the Antarctic after the Second World War
:19:35. > :19:40.when this country was hungry and the desperately needed animal protein.
:19:41. > :19:43.As soon as Japan became rich in the 1970s and 80s, people here lost
:19:44. > :19:44.their appetite for whale meat and today only a tiny percentage of
:19:45. > :19:59.people continue to eat it. This is sashimi, this is all. People
:20:00. > :20:04.like Mike old friend, he grew up in western Japan and as a child he
:20:05. > :20:15.loved eating this. But he had never tasted beef or pork. In my
:20:16. > :20:18.childhood, every day. The meat was whale meat. It is with some
:20:19. > :20:28.trepidation that I take my first mouthful of whale steak.
:20:29. > :20:38.Initially feels like you are eating steak but much stronger flavour, it
:20:39. > :20:42.is very much like game. Quite chewy. It is certainly not what I would
:20:43. > :20:49.call delicious and even my friend agrees. The last 28 whale meat was
:20:50. > :20:54.more than five years ago. They don't need to catch whales any more
:20:55. > :21:06.because there is no custom to beat Wales in Japan. The is much better
:21:07. > :21:16.taste than Wales. You try whale steaks, it is very clear. Beefsteak
:21:17. > :21:24.is much better. Better taste, better meet. And yet Japan is back in the
:21:25. > :21:30.Antarctic hunting whales again. This annual hunt costs Japanese taxpayers
:21:31. > :21:32.tens of millions of dollars. But it has nothing to do with Japanese
:21:33. > :21:46.culture. It was 75 years ago this week that
:21:47. > :21:49.the group of Americans travelled to Britain on a top-secret wartime
:21:50. > :21:54.mission. The destination was a country estate near Oxford Kolb
:21:55. > :21:58.Bletchley Park. That was led to one of the most important intelligence
:21:59. > :22:00.relationships in history. The two countries spy chiefs mark the
:22:01. > :22:08.anniversary with the unique return visit. We joined them as they went
:22:09. > :22:12.back to Bletchley. Two of the most powerful spy chiefs in the world.
:22:13. > :22:17.Marking the birth of a special relationship. The head of America's
:22:18. > :22:22.NSA and Britain's GCHQ arrived at Bletchley Park 75 years on from
:22:23. > :22:27.another American visit which paved the way for the codebreakers of
:22:28. > :22:32.today. Four Americans came here on a secret mission in 1941, before
:22:33. > :22:37.America had even entered the Second World War. The current directors
:22:38. > :22:39.were shown around the recreated office where they met British
:22:40. > :22:46.counterparts after a dangerous crossing. We sailed down the East
:22:47. > :22:53.Coast strafed by German fighter aircraft, driven through bombed out
:22:54. > :22:58.docs and then through the blackout to country house what would have
:22:59. > :23:04.seemed like the middle of nowhere to be greeted by a lady carrying a tray
:23:05. > :23:07.with lots of glasses of sherry. The Americans were here to share their
:23:08. > :23:11.success against Japanese codes whilst the British reveal their
:23:12. > :23:17.secret that they had broken the German Enigma machine. We had the
:23:18. > :23:21.content of expertise, you learn from each other, perhaps the Americans
:23:22. > :23:27.learned more from the British colleagues but we had strengths
:23:28. > :23:32.against Japanese targets and the British had not yet had the time of
:23:33. > :23:37.the manpower to develop. Of course, the British had deep insight into
:23:38. > :23:42.German cryptology that the Americans had no concept. 75 years ago Britain
:23:43. > :23:48.and America were here side-by-side breaking codes. And the trust and
:23:49. > :23:54.close relationship built during those years persisted into the Cold
:23:55. > :23:56.War and through to the modern day. Building one of the closest
:23:57. > :24:02.intelligence relationships the world has seen. Today GCHQ's" Britain with
:24:03. > :24:07.the NSA is controversial in some quarters. The revelations of Edward
:24:08. > :24:11.Snowden raised questions about the skill and secrecy of their sharing
:24:12. > :24:16.of data. The two organisations's directors said the alliance was
:24:17. > :24:23.Michael. You'll there is no doubt, each of us consider the other an
:24:24. > :24:30.ally and we are facing global challenges. Nobody can face this
:24:31. > :24:37.alone and it is now closer relationship. 75 years on, this
:24:38. > :24:38.relationship is one that has lasted but which still remains largely
:24:39. > :24:45.secret. ? That is all from Reporters. From
:24:46. > :24:54.me, Alice Baxter, goodbye for now.