:00:00. > :00:16.Now on BBC News, it's time for Reporters.
:00:17. > :00:19.Welcome to Reporters, I am Philippa Thomas.
:00:20. > :00:22.From here in the world's newsroom, we send our correspondents
:00:23. > :00:24.to bring you the best stories from across the globe.
:00:25. > :00:30.This is how Bosnia was before the war,
:00:31. > :00:33.and this is what Radovan Karadzic destroyed.
:00:34. > :00:36.Return to Sarajevo as the former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan
:00:37. > :00:39.Karadzic is found guilty of genocide and crimes against humanity
:00:40. > :00:42.in the war of the 1990s, Allan Little went
:00:43. > :00:44.back to the city to meet some of the victims
:00:45. > :00:53.Women were raped, and I could actually hear this happening
:00:54. > :00:56.just behind the wall of the room in which I was kept.
:00:57. > :01:03.As Belgium becomes the new front line
:01:04. > :01:05.in Europe's war on terror, we report from Molenbeek,
:01:06. > :01:14.that has become a fertile recruiting ground for jihadis.
:01:15. > :01:17.Belgium has a higher number of jihadis in Syria per capita
:01:18. > :01:21.And for the past few weeks, I have been spending
:01:22. > :01:30.We meet the teenage Nigerian girl who escaped the Islamist group
:01:31. > :01:34.after being forced to go on a suicide mission.
:01:35. > :01:38.They said if we died, we would enter paradise.
:01:39. > :01:40.But it isn't a good thing to carry a bomb
:01:41. > :01:48.Miami blues - as President Obama becomes the first US President
:01:49. > :01:51.to visit Cuba in 88 years, we find many Cuban-Americans
:01:52. > :01:56.still against any ties with the Communist island.
:01:57. > :01:59.I'd never thought I would see a day where Air Force One
:02:00. > :02:01.with the United States of America President on board
:02:02. > :02:12.we find out how one of the top football clubs in England,
:02:13. > :02:18.Arsenal, is helping children in Iraq to rebuild their lives.
:02:19. > :02:21.Look at the tears and the smiles on their faces today.
:02:22. > :02:24.It is like they are forgetting all the violence and the war
:02:25. > :02:35.He was seen as the man who harnessed the twin demons
:02:36. > :02:38.of the Bosnian conflict - ethnic nationalism and war.
:02:39. > :02:41.The former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic was this week
:02:42. > :02:44.convicted of some of the worst crimes committed in Europe
:02:45. > :02:50.including genocide and crimes against humanity.
:02:51. > :02:55.In a verdict seen as vital to Bosnia's future.
:02:56. > :02:59.He is likely to spend the rest of his life in jail.
:03:00. > :03:02.Allan Little, who reported for us on the Bosnian conflict
:03:03. > :03:04.of the 1990s, has returned to Sarajevo.
:03:05. > :03:08.A warning, though, you may find some of this report distressing.
:03:09. > :03:31.Count four, extermination, a crime against humanity...
:03:32. > :03:33.Two decades ago, Radovan Karadzic harnessed the twin demons
:03:34. > :03:38.of Balkan history, ethnic nationalism and war.
:03:39. > :03:43.They led him to a prison cell in The Hague.
:03:44. > :03:47.His forces besieged the city of Sarajevo for 1,000 days.
:03:48. > :03:58.The woman in the white coat is wounded by gunfire.
:03:59. > :04:02.She is taken to hospital by UN peacekeepers.
:04:03. > :04:08.The bullet that passed through her has killed her seven-year-old son.
:04:09. > :04:11.She took me back to where it happened.
:04:12. > :04:17.She went to The Hague to give evidence.
:04:18. > :04:24.I know that nothing will bring him back,
:04:25. > :04:27.but I will go again tomorrow if they ask me.
:04:28. > :04:39.I cannot tell you how important it was for me to testify.
:04:40. > :04:42.At Srebrenica, Karadzic's forces rounded up and killed
:04:43. > :04:47.8,000 Bosnian Muslims in the space of a few days.
:04:48. > :04:53.For this, Karadzic is accused of genocide.
:04:54. > :04:57.Hassan Nuhanovic survived only because he worked as a translator
:04:58. > :05:02.His younger brother and his father were murdered.
:05:03. > :05:10.The purpose of the genocide ruling is to prevent the future genocides.
:05:11. > :05:20.So that the Serb kids, the new generation, the Bosnian kids,
:05:21. > :05:23.the Croat kids, do not live through the same
:05:24. > :05:32.Karadzic is accused of the forced removal
:05:33. > :05:34.of hundreds of thousands of non-Serbs,
:05:35. > :05:39.to create an ethnically pure Serb state.
:05:40. > :05:42.Thousands of men were held in prison camps where many were murdered.
:05:43. > :05:45.People were being taken out, tortured, killed.
:05:46. > :05:52.just behind the wall of the room in which I was kept.
:05:53. > :06:02.In this prewar school photo, Muslim and Serb teenagers
:06:03. > :06:05.sit side-by-side, unconcerned by ethnic difference.
:06:06. > :06:18.This is how Bosnia was before the war,
:06:19. > :06:21.and this is what Radovan Karadzic managed to destroy.
:06:22. > :06:23.Now it is going to take us decades and generations
:06:24. > :06:25.to possibly recreate this kind of community.
:06:26. > :06:41.was convicted of war crimes at The Hague tribunal.
:06:42. > :06:46.He returned to Bosnia in 2013 after serving his sentence.
:06:47. > :06:49.This is how fellow Serbs greeted him.
:06:50. > :06:52.Do you think that, for many Bosnian Serb people,
:06:53. > :07:00.Absolutely, they consider him a hero.
:07:01. > :07:03.Karadzic is absolutely a hero and a victim,
:07:04. > :07:10.and Serbs here see it as an injustice towards them.
:07:11. > :07:14.Bosnia looks to the young for deliverance from its past.
:07:15. > :07:21.when his father was beaten to death in a concentration camp.
:07:22. > :07:25.I thought about the person who killed my father,
:07:26. > :07:30.and I thought whose shoes I would rather be in,
:07:31. > :07:35.I thought whatever happens, I would still rather live this life
:07:36. > :07:38.that I have lived than live with the fact
:07:39. > :07:40.that I knew my father had killed someone.
:07:41. > :07:42.I think that I have avenged my father.
:07:43. > :07:47.I am now a family man, and I am living
:07:48. > :07:49.a happy and satisfied and fulfilled life.
:07:50. > :07:51.And that is the best form of vengeance?
:07:52. > :07:57.I think happiness and living well is the best form of revenge.
:07:58. > :08:05.To be tough on terror or the causes of terror,
:08:06. > :08:07.we need to understand what makes it flourish.
:08:08. > :08:10.As Belgium has become the new front line in Europe's war on terror,
:08:11. > :08:15.attention is being centred on the working-class district
:08:16. > :08:17.of Brussels known as Molenbeek, which has become known
:08:18. > :08:21.as a fertile recruiting ground for jihadi fighters.
:08:22. > :08:24.It is also where the Paris attacks suspect Salah Abdeslam
:08:25. > :08:28.Secunder Kermani has been spending time in Molenbeek
:08:29. > :08:36.to find out why community conditions there are so ripe for terror.
:08:37. > :08:39.Molenbeek, to the dismay of most of its residents,
:08:40. > :08:45.We don't know if today's attackers came from here.
:08:46. > :08:50.of Belgium's problems with radicalisation.
:08:51. > :08:52.Just last Friday, security services were celebrating
:08:53. > :09:01.The final member of the cell in Paris during November's attacks.
:09:02. > :09:03.He, three of the Paris attackers and many in their support
:09:04. > :09:09.Today's attacks have left some worrying
:09:10. > :09:38.what will be revealed and what will happen next.
:09:39. > :09:41.Belgium has a higher number of jihadis in Syria per capita
:09:42. > :09:46.For the past few weeks, I have been spending time here
:09:47. > :09:55.One reason many in the Muslim community here give is
:09:56. > :09:58.that when the Syrian conflict started, authorities didn't
:09:59. > :10:41.seem overly concerned by the presence of recruiters.
:10:42. > :10:43.Molenbeek has 40% youth unemployment.
:10:44. > :10:45.There are a lot of disaffected young men here,
:10:46. > :10:53.some are susceptible to the IS message.
:10:54. > :10:58.one of Molenbeek's most well-known preachers.
:10:59. > :11:01.He is now in Syria with a rebel group fighting
:11:02. > :11:03.against both Islamic State and the Assad regime.
:11:04. > :11:06.In Molenbeek, many used to label him a radical.
:11:07. > :11:09.Unlike a new generation of IS jihadists,
:11:10. > :11:29.he says he is firmly against attacks in the West.
:11:30. > :11:31.I asked him why he thought so many young people
:11:32. > :12:45.from his old neighbourhood joined IS.
:12:46. > :12:48.For some, the solution to the threat from Islamic State
:12:49. > :12:54.For others, it is resolving issues close to home.
:12:55. > :13:00.they are already too late for today's victims.
:13:01. > :13:03.We still don't the fate of the 200 Nigerian school girls kidnapped
:13:04. > :13:09.But there is evidence that the Islamist group
:13:10. > :13:12.has been forcing girls as young as 12 to carry out suicide bombings.
:13:13. > :13:15.The BBC has spoken to one girl who says she was ordered
:13:16. > :13:18.by Boko Haram to carry out such a suicide mission.
:13:19. > :13:25.Anne Soy reports from northern Nigeria.
:13:26. > :13:29.This is Howe - it is not her real name, and she doesn't know her age.
:13:30. > :13:35.About a year ago, she married into Boko Haram
:13:36. > :13:38.and moved into one of their camps with her fighter husband.
:13:39. > :13:54.instructed to explode at a refugee camp.
:13:55. > :13:56.Two of her friends did just that, killing themselves
:13:57. > :13:58.and 58 others, mostly women and children.
:13:59. > :14:02.Just 24 hours before she was due to detonate,
:14:03. > :14:05.she escaped the clutches of the militants
:14:06. > :14:10.and she has decided to tell us her story.
:14:11. > :14:13.She is still traumatised by what happened,
:14:14. > :14:15.so for her well-being, we asked her to speak to a journalist
:14:16. > :14:23.TRANSLATION: My first husband took me to the Boko Haram camp.
:14:24. > :14:25.He said they would take me to the bush
:14:26. > :14:28.and remove all the evil spirits from my body.
:14:29. > :14:38.I knew they were Boko Haram, but I followed them willingly.
:14:39. > :14:41.I said, "If you help me remove the sickness,
:14:42. > :14:46.When they came back from the operations in the bush,
:14:47. > :14:48.they would gather us and tell us about their attacks.
:14:49. > :14:51.They would ask us to study what they were teaching us.
:14:52. > :14:56.They said if we died, we would enter paradise.
:14:57. > :14:59.Once, a woman went somewhere without telling them.
:15:00. > :15:10.They wanted me to marry again after my husband left,
:15:11. > :15:19.That is when they told me I should take the bomb.
:15:20. > :15:22.Does that mean they only ask women who are no longer useful to them
:15:23. > :15:28.they tell you to go on a suicide mission.
:15:29. > :15:30.We were told to detonate at the camp.
:15:31. > :15:35.Since my mum was residing in the camp,
:15:36. > :15:40.I would rather go and live with my family.
:15:41. > :15:45.So I snuck out early in the morning without their knowledge.
:15:46. > :15:47.The following morning, I got to the camp.
:15:48. > :15:50.That is when I learned that had been a bomb blast.
:15:51. > :15:55.I saw a video of the mutilated body of one of the girls.
:15:56. > :16:03.to carry a bomb to kill fellow human beings.
:16:04. > :16:06.This is the spot where the February attack happened.
:16:07. > :16:09.There are still bloodstains on the road,
:16:10. > :16:12.a constant reminder to the residents here
:16:13. > :16:16.Many of them are survivors or lost loved ones.
:16:17. > :16:19.We are told there was a huge crowd here crossing the road
:16:20. > :16:21.from one side of the camp to the other
:16:22. > :16:29.I am told queueing in the camp is now banned.
:16:30. > :16:31.Instead jerry cans form the line and residents sit quietly,
:16:32. > :16:40.Instead, meals are prepared in small communities.
:16:41. > :16:48.They cannot trust anyone, not even children.
:16:49. > :16:56.when shrapnel hit her stomach and hand.
:16:57. > :17:01.She said she still cannot sleep after what she saw.
:17:02. > :17:04.TRANSLATION: We brought our containers to get water.
:17:05. > :17:07.At the same time, a soldier was trying to arrange our queues.
:17:08. > :17:09.There was this woman wearing a red veil.
:17:10. > :17:12.She said can't we beat up this soldier
:17:13. > :17:20.When I heard that, I turned back to look at her.
:17:21. > :17:24.As soon as I walked onto the road, she shouted,
:17:25. > :17:27.pretending her stomach was hurting her.
:17:28. > :17:35.It was like something was poured around us.
:17:36. > :17:40.I was frightened when I saw blood all around me and the dead bodies.
:17:41. > :17:48.For Howe at least, the ordeal is over.
:17:49. > :17:51.She finally feels safe and is planning her future,
:17:52. > :17:58.I would not have anything to do with the militants.
:17:59. > :18:02.I will marry if I get a willing suitor.
:18:03. > :18:08.I would have known everything I wanted to know.
:18:09. > :18:20.When President Obama steps aside in ten months' time,
:18:21. > :18:22.one of his biggest foreign-policy successes
:18:23. > :18:26.American hostility to the country had looked anachronistic,
:18:27. > :18:32.This American leader has changed all that,
:18:33. > :18:35.opening relations with an historic presidential trip to Cuba this week.
:18:36. > :18:40.Many Cuban-Americans are still against
:18:41. > :18:42.any engagement with the Communist island.
:18:43. > :18:44.Nick Bryant has been to Miami's Little Havana
:18:45. > :18:56.for the Cuban-American exiles of Little Havana.
:18:57. > :18:59.For decades they have been venting their fury at the Castro brothers
:19:00. > :19:01.and any American President who has even flirted
:19:02. > :19:07.Human rights for Cubans, human rights for Cubans!
:19:08. > :19:12.is seen as a betrayal of them and American values,
:19:13. > :19:15.one that legitimises the Communist government they despise.
:19:16. > :19:18.I never thought I would see the day where Air Force One,
:19:19. > :19:20.with the United States of America President on board,
:19:21. > :19:30.when the President aboard Air Force One land in a free Cuba.
:19:31. > :19:33.Just around the corner, mid morning mojitos and cigars
:19:34. > :19:36.for those who didn't take part in the protest.
:19:37. > :19:38.younger Cuban Americans especially
:19:39. > :19:44.I think it is a good thing. Let's see what comes out of it.
:19:45. > :19:48.I think that is the most important thing.
:19:49. > :19:50.It doesn't worry you that he is there? No.
:19:51. > :19:53.At this time of new departures, America has
:19:54. > :19:55.signed an agreement with Cuba to re-establish scheduled services
:19:56. > :19:58.between two countries separated by only a small stretch of water.
:19:59. > :20:06.Soon there should be over 100 daily round-trip flights.
:20:07. > :20:08.It's just 15 minutes' flying time between the southern most tip
:20:09. > :20:15.But the countries have been estranged now
:20:16. > :20:19.Many Cuban Americans believe the embargo
:20:20. > :20:20.has not just been ineffective but counter-productive.
:20:21. > :20:28.to blame America for Cuban economic woes.
:20:29. > :20:30.There haven't been any good changes in the past 50 years.
:20:31. > :20:35.Our pilot, Tony Anderson, was born in Cuba,
:20:36. > :20:38.and he is delighted to see President Obama make the flight.
:20:39. > :20:40.It's time for us to connect once again.
:20:41. > :20:45.Some of us are living here, and some are there,
:20:46. > :20:55.What has been noticeable about the protests is their scale.
:20:56. > :20:59.This march lasted only a couple of streets
:21:00. > :21:07.because the exiles are so old and so frail,
:21:08. > :21:08.and it attracted hundreds, rather than thousands,
:21:09. > :21:12.a pale imitation of demonstrations from decades past.
:21:13. > :21:15.Gone are the days when the exile community
:21:16. > :21:16.dictated America's policy toward Cuba.
:21:17. > :21:21.Professional footballers don't always get a good press about how
:21:22. > :21:24.they spend their money, but Arsenal players have donated
:21:25. > :21:26.a day's pay to help build pitchs for the children
:21:27. > :21:35.The English club has teamed up with Save the Children to fund
:21:36. > :21:38.the project which will train both boys and girls.
:21:39. > :21:41.Catrin Nye travelled with the Arsenal women's
:21:42. > :21:44.football captain, Alex Scott, as she trained young girls
:21:45. > :21:56.forced to flee their homes by war in Iraq,
:21:57. > :21:58.and the wealth and fame of Arsenal Football Club.
:21:59. > :22:00.These two things do not obviously have much in common.
:22:01. > :22:02.But a new project is trying to change that.
:22:03. > :22:07.For me, growing up, football was more than a game then,
:22:08. > :22:19.Arsenal have built two pitches for children who fled war.
:22:20. > :22:26.It is a very powerful statement that a club like Arsenal
:22:27. > :22:29.can come in and say, not just that you are a part
:22:30. > :22:31.of our community, but also that we care.
:22:32. > :22:36.So this is Kurdistan in northern Iraq, and relative safety
:22:37. > :22:39.compared to the rest of the country,
:22:40. > :22:42.but we are still just a few hours from the front line,
:22:43. > :22:55.is one of more than 6,000 people living in this camp.
:22:56. > :23:00.Since January 2014, more than 3 million Iraqis
:23:01. > :23:11.have fled their homes - half are children.
:23:12. > :23:24.Are there any good things at the camp, about living here?
:23:25. > :23:29.today with Alex Scott as an extra player.
:23:30. > :23:34.Boys and girls are learning to play football here.
:23:35. > :23:38.Why did you decide today that Alex would teach the girls?
:23:39. > :23:42.To them, she is a big source of inspiration,
:23:43. > :23:45.the fact that she is a woman and has made it internationally.
:23:46. > :23:49.Look at the cheers and the smiles on their faces today,
:23:50. > :23:52.it is like they are forgetting the violence and the war
:23:53. > :24:01.You would never think people would be living like this.
:24:02. > :24:05.Basically, we are in the middle of nowhere, there is nothing around.
:24:06. > :24:08.But they just carry on with their life every day,
:24:09. > :24:21.And that is all from Reporters for this week.
:24:22. > :24:51.From me, Philippa Thomas, goodbye for now.
:24:52. > :24:52.It has been very unpleasant for some of us so