:00:14. > :00:16.Welcome to Reporters. I'm Philippa Thomas.
:00:17. > :00:19.From here in the BBC newsroom, we send out correspondents to bring
:00:20. > :00:24.you the best stories from across the globe.
:00:25. > :00:28.In this week's programme, the future of fuel in America.
:00:29. > :00:30.Ahead of the US election, David Shukman assesses
:00:31. > :00:33.whether cleaner energy, like solar power, could be a viable
:00:34. > :00:39.A factory like this one is now producing solar panels that
:00:40. > :00:48.It means that solar power can be roughly comparable in cost
:00:49. > :00:56.Chris Buckler meets the teenagers who have risked their lives to get
:00:57. > :01:00.to Europe, now living alone on the streets of Italy.
:01:01. > :01:06.Hanan Razek reports from Mauritania, where thousands are hoping
:01:07. > :01:09.Can you show me the gold you found?
:01:10. > :01:17.Six grams. That is a fortune.
:01:18. > :01:20.After Rio's Olympic success, Secunder Kermani asks whether Brazil
:01:21. > :01:24.now faces its biggest embarrassment, botching the organisation
:01:25. > :01:30.There has been a disrespect for the Paralympic Games,
:01:31. > :01:33.for the potential and the impact that could have made for
:01:34. > :01:41.As the Proms celebrates Quincy Jones' 60-year career,
:01:42. > :01:45.Stephen Smith talks to the jazz legend about music, race, politics
:01:46. > :02:01.I would leave the country if that sucker won.
:02:02. > :02:04.First, to the United States, where the result of November's
:02:05. > :02:06.presidential election is likely to have a far-reaching
:02:07. > :02:11.effect on the future of America's energy policy.
:02:12. > :02:13.Donald Trump says global warming is not worth worrying
:02:14. > :02:17.about and he has pledged to revive the coal industry.
:02:18. > :02:20.But Hillary Clinton is warning that climate change is one of the most
:02:21. > :02:26.She wants the US to invest more in renewable power.
:02:27. > :02:29.David Shukman reports from Ohio on the political battle
:02:30. > :02:38.On the Ohio River, a vast fleet of barges laden with coal,
:02:39. > :02:41.part of a massive industry that has powered the American economy
:02:42. > :02:48.But as I visit this sprawling complex, coal is now caught up
:02:49. > :02:57.Put simply, Donald Trump supports it, Hillary Clinton does not.
:02:58. > :02:59.The coal mines here are like underground cities,
:03:00. > :03:05.But because of tough pollution controls and cheaper shale gas,
:03:06. > :03:09.dozens of mining companies have filed for bankruptcy.
:03:10. > :03:16.Donald Trump offers them the prospect of revival.
:03:17. > :03:20.By the end of the year, this mine will close.
:03:21. > :03:22.The miners blame environmentalists and President Obama's
:03:23. > :03:27.One leading mine owner, a Trump supporter, tells me real
:03:28. > :03:34.If two coalminers are laid off, if they own anything
:03:35. > :03:38.When they get laid off, they have no-one to sell that home too.
:03:39. > :03:41.Those people who want to work in honour and dignity
:03:42. > :03:46.It is not the America I cherish, which is why I speak out like I do.
:03:47. > :03:49.That is why I say Obama is the greatest scourge that America
:03:50. > :03:56.The problem with coal comes when you burn it.
:03:57. > :04:00.It releases carbon dioxide, which is blamed for global warming.
:04:01. > :04:03.Donald Trump says that is not a problem but Hillary
:04:04. > :04:11.She is offering a greener future instead.
:04:12. > :04:15.In another corner of Ohio, a clean way of generating power.
:04:16. > :04:18.At this local company, First Solar, robots and people
:04:19. > :04:22.churn out a solar panel every single second.
:04:23. > :04:26.A new industry is rising as an older one declines.
:04:27. > :04:29.While the debate rages over whether climate change is a threat
:04:30. > :04:33.or not, there has been an incredibly rapid industrial transformation
:04:34. > :04:36.so that a factory like this one is now producing solar panels that
:04:37. > :04:43.It means that solar power can be roughly comparable in cost
:04:44. > :04:48.Whoever wins the American presidential election,
:04:49. > :04:53.low carbon power may make sense anyway.
:04:54. > :04:57.There are solar panels at the Museum of Art in Toledo.
:04:58. > :05:02.Renewable energy is becoming more of a feature of everyday life
:05:03. > :05:05.and great arrays like this one, covering entire fields,
:05:06. > :05:10.Panel by panel, America is becoming greener without many
:05:11. > :05:16.I just think we have some politicians that are
:05:17. > :05:21.fighting the last war, they are fighting over something,
:05:22. > :05:24.they still believe solar power is somewhere out
:05:25. > :05:31.We've probably passed the tipping point, the turning point,
:05:32. > :05:37.All this matters because America is the world's largest economy.
:05:38. > :05:41.Its decisions on energy could boost or undermine international action
:05:42. > :05:44.on global warming under the Paris Climate Agreement.
:05:45. > :05:47.Donald Trump says he will pull America out of it.
:05:48. > :05:50.Hillary Clinton supports it, so a great deal hangs
:05:51. > :06:00.It is still one of the biggest crises facing
:06:01. > :06:04.Latest figures suggest more than 100,000 migrants came to Italy
:06:05. > :06:11.And more and more of them are children.
:06:12. > :06:16.The charity Save The Children says as many as 15,000 unaccompanied
:06:17. > :06:21.Chris Buckler met some of them as they arrived on a rescue ship
:06:22. > :06:29.Arriving from Africa, both young and old see
:06:30. > :06:35.A different world from the poverty and in some cases turmoil that many
:06:36. > :06:42.But each new face that appears in places like Catania adds
:06:43. > :06:48.That is particularly true for the children who arrive
:06:49. > :06:56.It is obvious in the city around this port that many live
:06:57. > :07:00.on the fringes of the system that is supposed to protect them,
:07:01. > :07:08.Among the teenagers we found here was Fattah.
:07:09. > :07:11.He travelled by himself from the troubled country of Somalia
:07:12. > :07:16.We are not showing his face because he is only 14.
:07:17. > :07:19.Are there not dangers for you because your mum is not
:07:20. > :08:00.Workers from the charity Save The Children were with us
:08:01. > :08:05.They helped to find him somewhere safe to stay that evening.
:08:06. > :08:08.In towns and cities across Italy, that is becoming increasingly
:08:09. > :08:12.difficult, with reception centres filling up as boats continue
:08:13. > :08:18.Today, there was one girl who was 15 years old from Eritrea
:08:19. > :08:23.Many children choose to continue their journey alone
:08:24. > :08:25.and this is extremely dangerous because they are constantly
:08:26. > :08:28.falling into the hands of smugglers and traffickers.
:08:29. > :08:31.Many girls are forced into prostitution in order
:08:32. > :08:35.Keeping a separation between the worlds of children
:08:36. > :08:40.and adults is proving to be a challenge.
:08:41. > :08:43.There are children who simply leave the reception centres
:08:44. > :08:46.and there is little the staff there can do to stop them.
:08:47. > :08:50.Europe is starting to struggle to provide the education,
:08:51. > :08:56.shelter and stability needed by the unaccompanied children
:08:57. > :09:02.For refugees and migrants of all ages, home is both something
:09:03. > :09:05.that has been left behind as well as something
:09:06. > :09:14.Now, this could be the world's newest gold rush.
:09:15. > :09:17.Thousands of people are flocking to a mineral rich area
:09:18. > :09:21.of the Sahara Desert in the hope of making a fortune.
:09:22. > :09:23.It follows the Mauritanian government's decision to allow
:09:24. > :09:27.people to dig in the sand, which has seen some give up
:09:28. > :09:32.everything in the hope of striking it rich.
:09:33. > :09:34.Hanan Razek reports from Mauritania on tales of dreams
:09:35. > :09:44.Here, in the middle of the desert, thousands of Mauritanians
:09:45. > :09:49.are chasing one dream, to become rich.
:09:50. > :09:52.Tales of making tens of thousands of pounds have
:09:53. > :10:10.In a country of high unemployment, being given the opportunity to dig
:10:11. > :10:17.Some have found enough gold to buy a house.
:10:18. > :10:21.Firstly, they dig the sand out of these holes, lay it flat,
:10:22. > :10:29.Whether it is a success or not is really down to luck.
:10:30. > :10:33.In the baking heat, with little water, and no easy medical access,
:10:34. > :10:39.Only their dreams make these punishing conditions bearable
:10:40. > :10:50.Ahmed has put his future on the line.
:10:51. > :10:53.TRANSLATION: I came back from abroad, for the opportunity
:10:54. > :11:04.I sold everything, I wanted to get some gold and have a new life.
:11:05. > :11:06.Before making the long journey, Ahmed needed to buy
:11:07. > :11:10.a digging licence and spend thousands more on equipment.
:11:11. > :11:13.Now there are calls for Mauritania's government to highlight
:11:14. > :11:19.TRANSLATION: The decision was based on a popular demand.
:11:20. > :11:22.Since the living standard here is quite low, the government
:11:23. > :11:25.has sought to regulate the digging at an affordable price
:11:26. > :11:34.The equipment prices in comparison with average wages are high.
:11:35. > :11:39.Some people make less than a dollar a day.
:11:40. > :11:42.But with more than a quarter of Mauritanians living below
:11:43. > :11:45.the poverty line, the government said its decision to allow gold
:11:46. > :11:49.digging will improve the lives of many families.
:11:50. > :11:53.After Ahmed's big gamble and spending 27 days here,
:11:54. > :11:56.all he has found is six grams of gold, worth 1%
:11:57. > :12:01.Yet, like many others, he still comes back,
:12:02. > :12:14.When it came to the Olympics, they got away with it,
:12:15. > :12:17.Whatever the worries, the mishaps, the less
:12:18. > :12:21.than crowded stadiums, the Games were actually great.
:12:22. > :12:24.And in a city that does not have the resources
:12:25. > :12:26.of London or Beijing, they showed you can still host
:12:27. > :12:32.But when it comes to the Paralympics, Rio does not seem
:12:33. > :12:41.Budget cuts are biting, some teams are not even coming.
:12:42. > :12:43.Secunder Kermani has been finding out how much of the setback
:12:44. > :12:52.the Paralympics could be for Rio's Olympic legacy.
:12:53. > :13:04.Beaming smiles and flashing medals as Olympic Team GB
:13:05. > :13:10.While success in Rio helped overshadow criticism
:13:11. > :13:14.of how the Games were run, there are now concerns over the fate
:13:15. > :13:20.Problems like green swimming pools have led to money intended
:13:21. > :13:24.for the Paralympics being spent on the Olympics instead.
:13:25. > :13:26.The budget has been slashed, whilst dismal ticket sales
:13:27. > :13:36.It has almost become an Olympic tradition to question how ready
:13:37. > :13:40.a host nation is before the Games begin, but this does feel like it is
:13:41. > :13:46.Just the other week, the head of the International
:13:47. > :13:48.Paralympic Committee said that the Games had never faced
:13:49. > :13:52.circumstances like these in their entire history.
:13:53. > :13:55.The Paralympic cycling team is training here in Newport.
:13:56. > :13:59.They are focusing on winning medals, but the controversies
:14:00. > :14:04.Is there disappointment about the ticket sales?
:14:05. > :14:10.The last time I read it was about 12%.
:14:11. > :14:12.Clearly that is a lot of empty seats.
:14:13. > :14:15.It would be nice if they were filled, not just from the athletes'
:14:16. > :14:18.perspective and the spectators' perspective and the atmosphere,
:14:19. > :14:22.but from the funding perspective and the exposure to the sport
:14:23. > :14:26.The Paralympic Games is parallel parity.
:14:27. > :14:31.We always come afterwards anyway because of the way
:14:32. > :14:37.The way they treat us is not definitely the same, is it?
:14:38. > :14:41.According to official documents, the Brazilian authorities had
:14:42. > :14:46.initially hoped to raise $170 million for the Paralympics.
:14:47. > :14:51.But we have been told they are nowhere near the amount they need.
:14:52. > :14:56.One reason is just 12% of tickets have been sold compared
:14:57. > :15:00.to 92% of Olympic tickets, although even then there
:15:01. > :15:06.There are also just 28 Paralympic sponsors compared
:15:07. > :15:13.As a result, they have decided to make cuts to the workforce,
:15:14. > :15:16.cuts to transport services for athletes, and changes
:15:17. > :15:20.to the venue of some events, allowing the closure of one
:15:21. > :15:29.London's 2012 Paralympic games were hailed as being
:15:30. > :15:34.The former Paralympic athlete who helped deliver them
:15:35. > :15:37.says that legacy looks like it is in tatters now.
:15:38. > :15:42.More than a step backwards, this is a leap into Paralympic prehistory.
:15:43. > :15:46.The economic and political backdrop are certainly very different
:15:47. > :15:52.But this does not have so much to do with the economics, this has to do
:15:53. > :15:54.with cannibalisation of the Paralympic budget,
:15:55. > :15:57.to bail out and backfill Olympic elements that did not need to go
:15:58. > :16:03.There has been a disrespect, a misunderstanding,
:16:04. > :16:06.a lack of understanding for the Paralympic Games,
:16:07. > :16:10.for the potential, and the impact that could've made
:16:11. > :16:15.A legacy for the 45 million disabled people in Brazil
:16:16. > :16:20.Many still struggle with being accepted and feeling included.
:16:21. > :16:25.TRANSLATION: I was disappointed, but not surprised at the lack
:16:26. > :16:28.of funding, because historically disabled people have been left
:16:29. > :16:33.Having said that, there have been some improvements to public
:16:34. > :16:39.Despite everything, Rio is what Paralympic athletes have
:16:40. > :16:43.spent years training for, and all the athletes we spoke
:16:44. > :16:47.to were clear about the need to make the most of the Games.
:16:48. > :16:50.People will organise it or they will not organise it,
:16:51. > :16:55.We have to deal with it as it happens, whereas the performance
:16:56. > :16:58.of riding the bike as fast as we can, that is totally
:16:59. > :17:02.within our control, so we can make sure we do everything we need to do
:17:03. > :17:05.in training to get the best performances out of ourselves.
:17:06. > :17:09.Delays to travel grants being paid out by Brazilian Paralympic
:17:10. > :17:13.authorities had raised concerns some countries would not even be able
:17:14. > :17:21.It no longer looks like it will come to that, but many are seeing these
:17:22. > :17:25.He is one of the most influential figures in the history of modern
:17:26. > :17:28.music, who has worked with some of the biggest artists
:17:29. > :17:33.Quincy Jones' career spans six decades and
:17:34. > :17:39.Now, at the age of 83, some of his most famous work
:17:40. > :17:42.is being celebrated at the Proms here in London and he has been
:17:43. > :17:44.speaking to the BBC's Stephen Smith about his remarkable
:17:45. > :17:59.# Land of hope and glory, mother of the free...
:18:00. > :18:04.Ah, the Last Night Of The Proms, or a young Conservative's
:18:05. > :18:19.idea of New Year's Eve, as one wag has called it.
:18:20. > :18:24.But look what they are doing to the Proms, Ma!
:18:25. > :18:32.They are dropping a bomb on them...with the jazz song
:18:33. > :18:49.I designed these three-quarter sleeves.
:18:50. > :18:54.Every time I go, I get about 28 suits.
:18:55. > :19:02.Look out, they are behind us, you'd better put your foot down,
:19:03. > :19:06.I had such a good time in England in the '60s, man.
:19:07. > :19:21.I know you're asked all the time about Michael Jackson,
:19:22. > :19:27.so do you think, ultimately, that is a tragic story?
:19:28. > :19:34.I said a lot of stupid things after he died.
:19:35. > :19:44.Anyway, you cannot make records like that without extreme love,
:19:45. > :19:52.# Girl, I can thrill you more than any ghoul could ever dare try.
:19:53. > :19:55.# So let me hold you tight and share a killer thriller.
:19:56. > :20:08.There were stories of him bringing snakes and things...
:20:09. > :20:16.A snake used to wrap around the seat and my leg.
:20:17. > :20:21.It would crawl across the console.
:20:22. > :20:36.We went downstairs, and Muscles was in the parrot cage right
:20:37. > :20:41.there, and the parrot, they did not like each other.
:20:42. > :20:44.He had just eaten the parrot and his head
:20:45. > :20:56.# Put on your red shoes and dance the blues.
:20:57. > :21:02.We have lost some great people this year.
:21:03. > :21:05.The last two years, George Martin, David Bowie.
:21:06. > :21:07.Oh, man, it just does not stop.
:21:08. > :21:21.Can you tell us about your time with him?
:21:22. > :21:29.Was he as good as everyone says?
:21:30. > :21:34.The music can never be any more or less than
:21:35. > :21:41.When it comes to the musicians the composer has known and worked
:21:42. > :21:43.with, it is hard keeping up with Jones.
:21:44. > :21:49.What about the presidential election?
:21:50. > :21:59.I would leave the country if that sucker won.
:22:00. > :22:01.I assume you're referring to Mr Trump?
:22:02. > :22:09.He knows how to say what they want to hear, uneducated rednecks.
:22:10. > :22:14.I used to hang out with him.
:22:15. > :22:20.Yes, but he was not like that at all.
:22:21. > :22:26.He would fly on his helicopter with his name on the bottom of it.
:22:27. > :22:29.And what about how things are in your country now?
:22:30. > :22:34.We keep reading reports of these difficulties
:22:35. > :22:42.You should have seen the '30s, '40s and '50s.
:22:43. > :22:45.In the '30s in Chicago, during the Depression,
:22:46. > :22:50.I wanted to be a gangster until I was 11.
:22:51. > :22:54.All I saw were dead bodies and tommy guns and piles of money in back
:22:55. > :23:01.This right there, I was on the wrong street, and they took a switchblade
:23:02. > :23:05.Right there, they put an ice pick on that.
:23:06. > :23:09.My daddy hit them on the head with a hammer.
:23:10. > :23:21.And as for racism, Jones remembers playing in Las Vegas in 1964,
:23:22. > :23:25.backing Frank Sinatra as part of the Count Basie Orchestra.
:23:26. > :23:29.Belafonte, Lena Horne, they had to eat in the kitchen.
:23:30. > :23:38.They slept in a black hotel across town.
:23:39. > :23:42.When we came there, Frank said, we're not going to have that.
:23:43. > :23:46.He said, he old man wants to see you over at the slot machines.
:23:47. > :23:49.Basie's old man was there, and 18 goombahs.
:23:50. > :23:52.He put one with each guy, like a bodyguard.
:23:53. > :23:56.He said, if anybody looks at them funny, break both of their legs.
:23:57. > :24:03.So it was burgers with Sinatra on the Strip, but also fish
:24:04. > :24:11.Didn't you live near Picasso for a while?
:24:12. > :24:22.After he finished, he took the bones and pushed them on the Croisette,
:24:23. > :24:27.He pushed it out so the sun could parch the bones,
:24:28. > :24:30.then he took the colours out of his pocket, a blue,
:24:31. > :24:34.a yellow, and a red, and drew his designs on it.
:24:35. > :24:41.When the check came, he pushed that out there.
:24:42. > :24:44.Along all of the walls, all of his food was marked up.
:24:45. > :24:59.Unlike his fellow bandleader, the late, great James Brown,
:25:00. > :25:02.Jones says he would not dream of fining musicians for missing
:25:03. > :25:06.What is the secret of getting the best out of them?
:25:07. > :25:13.Come on, that is not necessary, to be that kind of disciplinarian.
:25:14. > :25:17.What was that movie that won the Oscar?
:25:18. > :25:21.No jazz musician would take that, throwing a chair at
:25:22. > :25:34.Thank you very much, everybody, and thank you to Quincy Jones
:25:35. > :25:44.Well, that is all from Reporters for this week.