:00:17. > :00:19.Welcome to a special edition of Reporters.
:00:20. > :00:22.I'm Simon Jones - here at the Jungle camp in Calais.
:00:23. > :00:25.As the French authorities complete the operation to clear the site,
:00:26. > :00:28.we've a range of reports looking at the issues now facing France
:00:29. > :00:36.and Britain, and what lessons Britain can learn from the crisis.
:00:37. > :00:42.-- what lessons Europe can learn from the crisis.
:00:43. > :00:47.Secunder Kermani joins some of the thousands of migrants
:00:48. > :00:52.and finds many desperate to get out. in search of a better life -
:00:53. > :00:55.TRANSLATION: The life in the Jungle is no good, it's no good.
:00:56. > :00:57.Life after the Jungle - Hugh Schofield reports
:00:58. > :01:03.on the reception centre for refugees from a camp near Paris.
:01:04. > :01:05.Welcome to Britain - Daniel Sandford follows the hundreds
:01:06. > :01:07.of children who have arrived in the UK, and finds reaction
:01:08. > :01:12.It's not their doing, it's not their fault,
:01:13. > :01:15.and I've got a little chap of my own and ultimately you want
:01:16. > :01:25.We can see people streaming towards us across the fields
:01:26. > :01:29.and I can hear shouts of men and the cries of children all moving
:01:30. > :01:33.The Balkan route - Fergal Keane traces
:01:34. > :01:36.the migrants' journey, from the Hungarian border to Calais,
:01:37. > :01:39.and finds they are still coming in their thousands,
:01:40. > :01:45.And the last stand, as French authorities declare
:01:46. > :01:48.the closure a success - Lucy Williamson meets the few
:01:49. > :01:55.Those who want to go have left, those who are still here
:01:56. > :02:04.It's become a potent symbol of Europe's migration crisis.
:02:05. > :02:08.This week, an operation began to clear this massive migrant camp
:02:09. > :02:16.Many of the 7000 or so inhabitants began queueing for buses before dawn
:02:17. > :02:18.to be resettled in centres across the country.
:02:19. > :02:20.They face either deportation or the opportunity
:02:21. > :02:25.Calais's position as a gateway to Britain has given it
:02:26. > :02:29.an irresistible magnetism to many seeking a new life.
:02:30. > :02:45.Secunder Kermani was here in Calais as the exodus began.
:02:46. > :02:48.They started queueing well before dawn, after months -
:02:49. > :02:52.and in some cases years - in the camp they call the Jungle,
:02:53. > :02:55.hundreds of refugees and migrants waited to board buses taking them
:02:56. > :03:04.In effect giving up on their dreams of coming to Britain, and applying
:03:05. > :03:10.Clutching his artwork, this man from Darfur
:03:11. > :03:14.displayed his wounds from life in the Jungle.
:03:15. > :03:17.Now fed up of trying to board lorries to Britain.
:03:18. > :03:33.And now you are happy to go anywhere?
:03:34. > :03:37.Happy too much, because of this life, you see.
:03:38. > :03:40.In separate queues were the camp's unaccompanied minors,
:03:41. > :03:45.waiting to be processed and taken to a secure area of the Calais camp.
:03:46. > :03:50.Many with relatives in Britain hope to be accepted by the Home Office.
:03:51. > :03:56.And your uncle, in Epsom, have you spoken to him?
:03:57. > :04:03.He said come on, life in the Jungle is no good.
:04:04. > :04:09.So how long have you been in the Jungle?
:04:10. > :04:19.This camp, awful as it was, had become a kind of home to many
:04:20. > :04:22.people, and this was in effect the main high street.
:04:23. > :04:24.Now though it's more or less completely abandoned
:04:25. > :04:27.except for the people making their way up through the camp
:04:28. > :04:30.towards the areas where you queue for the buses, and there are still
:04:31. > :04:34.some who are staying on here, undecided about where to go next -
:04:35. > :04:40.but still hoping to be able to get to the UK.
:04:41. > :04:44.This man studied chemical engineering in Basra in Iraq.
:04:45. > :04:48.He has spent the last year living in this hut with two friends.
:04:49. > :04:55.I can stay here, I can sleep rough if necessary,
:04:56. > :04:58.because we have families in the UK and we need to go
:04:59. > :05:02.Even when this whole camp has closed down?
:05:03. > :05:07.Yes, yes, we are adamant and determined to stay here.
:05:08. > :05:19.Well you can see what country France is - we have been living here one
:05:20. > :05:23.year and no one cares about your medical situation,
:05:24. > :05:27.no one cares about you, so we just got the impression
:05:28. > :05:32.that France is not good enough to take care of us.
:05:33. > :05:35.Some might trumpet this as the historic end of a bone
:05:36. > :05:38.of contention between Britain and France for years,
:05:39. > :05:40.but the Jungle is not the first refugee camp in Calais and this
:05:41. > :05:47.isn't the first time one is being closed down.
:05:48. > :05:50.TRANSLATION: The first certainty is that it's the end of the Calais
:05:51. > :05:52.camp, but the end of the migration question also depends
:05:53. > :05:59.We are still fighting to make sure the UK accepts unaccompanied minors
:06:00. > :06:02.who have family on the other side of the Channel.
:06:03. > :06:04.Efforts have been made, it's true, since the summit
:06:05. > :06:07.but those efforts are not enough because as long as the UK refuses
:06:08. > :06:11.a legal process for immigration, notably for unaccompanied minors,
:06:12. > :06:18.then the situation will continue to cause difficulties.
:06:19. > :06:21.In this Calais brasserie many locals were sceptical
:06:22. > :06:27.There's been talk of migrants moving from here to nearby Dunkirk and even
:06:28. > :06:30.returning to Calais after a few weeks in the reception centres
:06:31. > :06:37.TRANSLATION: It's just moving the problem somewhere else,
:06:38. > :06:40.not necessarily in Calais but somewhere else.
:06:41. > :06:43.They're probably going to go elsewhere, like
:06:44. > :06:51.It's a good thing for Syrian people and Eritreans,
:06:52. > :06:54.because also for the people of Calais, because the camp
:06:55. > :07:02.decreased the tourism and impacts the economy.
:07:03. > :07:04.Migrants and refugees have travelled for months
:07:05. > :07:09.and for many miles to get here, hoping to reach Britain.
:07:10. > :07:12.A lot now seem to have accepted they'll never make it to the UK,
:07:13. > :07:15.but others still believe they can and are willing to put up
:07:16. > :07:20.with conditions even worse than these to get there.
:07:21. > :07:25.The next stop for most people who have left the Jungle will be one
:07:26. > :07:28.of the many reception centres for refugees across France.
:07:29. > :07:31.One town, Villeblevin, has taken migrants from the Calais
:07:32. > :07:34.camp, where they've been housed in an old convent.
:07:35. > :07:43.From there, Hugh Schofield sent this report.
:07:44. > :07:46.In the grounds of a former convent in rural France, Afghans
:07:47. > :07:51.are teaching Sudanese to play the English game of cricket.
:07:52. > :07:54.Three days after they arrived here from Calais, the 45 migrants
:07:55. > :07:57.are slowly acclimatising to the gentler, safer world
:07:58. > :08:04.Before, this was a holiday camp for Paris schoolchildren.
:08:05. > :08:07.Television and regular hot meals, all laid on by the Red Cross
:08:08. > :08:14.Talking to the people here you get the sensation they are still
:08:15. > :08:17.They've no idea really where in France they are.
:08:18. > :08:21.But one thing is clear, they do want to stay in France.
:08:22. > :08:27.They've given up on the idea now of ever getting to England.
:08:28. > :08:33.I love you, French, I love you, I love you.
:08:34. > :08:36.Once, they saw France as just a stepping stone on the route to
:08:37. > :08:41.Now it's the country that is offering them the refuge
:08:42. > :08:45.I like the French because the government in France
:08:46. > :08:51.The government in England is no good, because they closed
:08:52. > :09:02.For now the migrants are staying inside the convent grounds.
:09:03. > :09:05.They are worried about local reaction.
:09:06. > :09:07.Not unreasonably, because the people in the village were highly
:09:08. > :09:13.suspicious when told of the uninvited guests.
:09:14. > :09:15.The Deputy Mayor told me the decision to house the migrants
:09:16. > :09:18.here had been taken by Paris without any attempt to consult
:09:19. > :09:25.It was fine for the migrants to walk around the village, he said,
:09:26. > :09:28.but only as long as they left the people here alone.
:09:29. > :09:32.What of the children walking home from school soon in the dark,
:09:33. > :09:37.Maybe they are very good people, he said, but we just don't know
:09:38. > :09:39.anything about them, and it's wrong to take this
:09:40. > :09:50.Centres like this may only be open for a few months,
:09:51. > :09:53.the time needed to process applications for asylum in France,
:09:54. > :09:56.after which the migrants will be moved on.
:09:57. > :09:59.In the meantime it's more of the boredom that they've grown
:10:00. > :10:01.so accustomed to, but now safer, perhaps even
:10:02. > :10:10.Hugh Schofield, BBC News, in Villeblevin.
:10:11. > :10:13.Hundreds of children from the Calais camp have now arrived in Britain.
:10:14. > :10:16.They include dozens of girls said to be at risk of sexual
:10:17. > :10:19.exploitation, resettled under an agreement to help particularly
:10:20. > :10:22.vulnerable children who have no links to the UK, as
:10:23. > :10:30.Journey's end for one recent resident of the Calais Jungle -
:10:31. > :10:37.This boy, who says he's 16, fled the fighting in Afghanistan
:10:38. > :10:41.and travelled over land and sea for over a year.
:10:42. > :10:44.Last Monday he was brought to Britain to join his uncle,
:10:45. > :10:53.He told me he was trying to forget everything that had happened to him.
:10:54. > :10:56.All the difficulties and problems should go away soon, now I'm
:10:57. > :11:02.Although some new arrivals will go into care or foster homes, this boy
:11:03. > :11:08.I am not here just for him, I am here to be his mum,
:11:09. > :11:11.his dad, his brother, his sister, his friend.
:11:12. > :11:17.I will support him and give him what he needs.
:11:18. > :11:21.The Home Secretary updated the Commons on what Britain had done
:11:22. > :11:24.in the last fortnight, in the build-up to the
:11:25. > :11:28.We have transferred almost 200 children.
:11:29. > :11:33.This includes more than 60 girls, many of whom had been
:11:34. > :11:36.identified as at high risk of sexual exploitation.
:11:37. > :11:40.They are receiving the care and support they need in the UK.
:11:41. > :11:43.She said hundreds more children from the Jungle had been interviewed
:11:44. > :11:48.and more would come to the UK in the coming weeks.
:11:49. > :11:51.These were some of the arrivals from Calais last week.
:11:52. > :11:56.The Home Office pays local authorities up to ?40,000 per child,
:11:57. > :12:01.but councils say the true cost is sometimes much more.
:12:02. > :12:04.Here at a discreet location in Devon, 20 of the recently arrived
:12:05. > :12:08.boys are staying at a respite centre while decisions are made
:12:09. > :12:12.about whether they should go into care or join family members.
:12:13. > :12:17.It's not their doing, it's not their fault,
:12:18. > :12:20.and I've got a little chap of my own and ultimately you just
:12:21. > :12:23.want any child to be safe - and if we have the ability
:12:24. > :12:32.We can't look after our own, so why look after everybody else?
:12:33. > :12:38.Back in London, the boy, who is desperate to return
:12:39. > :12:41.to education after his time in the Jungle, has his first meeting
:12:42. > :12:44.with immigration officials tomorrow, as he starts the formal
:12:45. > :12:50.process of claiming refugee status in Britain.
:12:51. > :12:54.Daniel Sandford, BBC News, south London.
:12:55. > :12:57.The clearing of the Jungle coincides with the hardening of political
:12:58. > :13:00.attitudes towards refugees over the past year, not only in France
:13:01. > :13:04.Fergal Keane has travelled along the migrant route from Hungary
:13:05. > :13:09.in the Balkans to Calais, to test the new mood.
:13:10. > :13:11.On the Hungarian frontier with Serbia, it feels
:13:12. > :13:16.as if the great fortress is being defended from the refugees
:13:17. > :13:22.and migrants who would make Europe their home.
:13:23. > :13:26.They repeat the refrain I've heard on the migrant trail for years now.
:13:27. > :13:29.I want to go for a better life, because Afghanistan is war
:13:30. > :13:42.They made it this far before borders further south started to close.
:13:43. > :13:50.Now you can see people streaming towards others across the fields
:13:51. > :13:53.and I can hear shouts of men, the cries of children,
:13:54. > :13:59.Last October 211,000 landed in the Balkans.
:14:00. > :14:07.I was here a year ago to witness this fence going up.
:14:08. > :14:09.That moment which symbolised what you might call
:14:10. > :14:16.Politicians across western Europe have been since then trying
:14:17. > :14:21.It has become one of the great defining
:14:22. > :14:29.In Budapest the government has rejected refugee quotas.
:14:30. > :14:31.Hungary recasting itself as the defender of European
:14:32. > :14:39.And of a new continent where camps like Calais will never
:14:40. > :14:43.First thing, protect the borders - everything else comes after.
:14:44. > :14:48.Schengen, as we have announced it many times,
:14:49. > :14:53.Calais cannot be sorted out until we are able to defend
:14:54. > :14:59.We followed the migrant trail up through Austria into Bavaria,
:15:00. > :15:03.where history's shade looms over the present.
:15:04. > :15:08.Hitler had a headquarters and holiday home at Berchtesgaden.
:15:09. > :15:12.And when he was defeated thousands of Jewish survivors were housed
:15:13. > :15:19.That legacy profoundly shaped Germany's initial welcome
:15:20. > :15:25.There are around 1000 living in this area.
:15:26. > :15:30.Germany too began to impose strict border controls last year.
:15:31. > :15:35.This man is from Syria and is the house guest of Marietta,
:15:36. > :15:42.While public opinion has shifted, he still finds Germans tolerant.
:15:43. > :15:49.They always want to help you and I love to stay here,
:15:50. > :15:57.TRANSLATION: It's nice to live with him but I do set limits.
:15:58. > :16:00.Some things he has to learn, how Germans live and what
:16:01. > :16:07.But political momentum is with those opposed to asylum seekers.
:16:08. > :16:09.The far right has gained votes by promising a crackdown,
:16:10. > :16:14.like this grandson of a German wartime refugee.
:16:15. > :16:19.TRANSLATION: The people are upset, upset because of the
:16:20. > :16:24.There are many people who say we were not asked,
:16:25. > :16:26.we want to be asked if such important decisions are made.
:16:27. > :16:30.They are questioning the cost of this.
:16:31. > :16:33.By the time I reached Calais, with the British shore
:16:34. > :16:39.in view, the political mood in Europe was vividly clear.
:16:40. > :16:41.In the nearby Jungle, people were already moving -
:16:42. > :16:47.most of them single young men - ahead of the camp's demolition.
:16:48. > :16:49.This Iraqi family has been here six weeks,
:16:50. > :16:52.but will soon be moved elsewhere in France.
:16:53. > :16:57.TRANSLATION: We are only thinking of going there.
:16:58. > :17:00.There is no other country in our minds.
:17:01. > :17:06.For the sake of our children's futures.
:17:07. > :17:08.Closing the Jungle won't deal with the problem, it
:17:09. > :17:14.And in Africa, the Middle East, large parts of Asia,
:17:15. > :17:17.there are vast numbers of people who believe that getting to Europe
:17:18. > :17:24.As long as conflict and endemic poverty in these parts
:17:25. > :17:29.of the world continue, then however hard a line Europe
:17:30. > :17:34.takes won't be enough to stem the flow of refugees and migrants.
:17:35. > :17:40.Fergal Keane, BBC News, Calais.
:17:41. > :17:43.The Calais situation involves around 7000 people,
:17:44. > :17:46.but that's just a small fraction of around 1 million migrants
:17:47. > :17:52.If the French do manage to sort out Calais, maybe they have a lesson
:17:53. > :17:55.or two that can be applied more generally.
:17:56. > :18:00.Mark Urban has been looking at the bigger European picture.
:18:01. > :18:06.One year ago hundreds of thousands were on the move across Europe.
:18:07. > :18:09.It was epic in scale and posed a profound challenge
:18:10. > :18:14.But the migrant issue has for the past six months been
:18:15. > :18:22.Over 1 million migrants arrived in Europe in 2015.
:18:23. > :18:30.The number ten months into this year is dramatically lower, 341,000.
:18:31. > :18:33.And in fact the number who have got in since the main route via Greece
:18:34. > :18:40.and the Balkans were closed in March is about 200,000.
:18:41. > :18:42.Most of those still arriving are coming via Libya
:18:43. > :18:47.and Italy, with small flows into Spain and Bulgaria.
:18:48. > :18:51.Arrivals in Italy - at 142,000 so far this year -
:18:52. > :18:58.are up, but only by 2% on the same point in 2015.
:18:59. > :19:03.Most of those making the dangerous journey from Libya are Africans,
:19:04. > :19:06.from countries like Gambia, Nigeria, and Ghana.
:19:07. > :19:09.And having been rescued at sea they won't find the better life
:19:10. > :19:19.Some say that 98% will be rejected for asylum.
:19:20. > :19:21.Not all will be sent home because legal systems
:19:22. > :19:23.are slow-moving in certain countries, so what happens
:19:24. > :19:27.as they get sucked into the informal economy?
:19:28. > :19:32.They get exploited, and eventually perhaps get sent home.
:19:33. > :19:35.As for those who make it to Italy or Greece and are accepted
:19:36. > :19:38.as refugees, an EU quota system to resettle them has
:19:39. > :19:52.Just 6243 refugees have been relocated in Europe.
:19:53. > :19:55.1392 from Italy and 4852 from Greece.
:19:56. > :20:00.Compare that to the 160,000 that EU countries pledged to welcome
:20:01. > :20:06.under quotas put forward by Jean-Claude Juncker a year ago.
:20:07. > :20:08.The Juncker relocation plan was doomed from the start.
:20:09. > :20:14.First of all many European governments didn't want to sign
:20:15. > :20:18.The Visegrad countries were opposed to it but were strong-armed
:20:19. > :20:22.into agreeing it mainly by Donald Tusk and other European states.
:20:23. > :20:24.Secondly, the problem is within the Schengen area,
:20:25. > :20:27.even if we relocated people to one particular country,
:20:28. > :20:28.nothing would stop them moving onwards.
:20:29. > :20:32.Thirdly, it was only for 160,000 refugees, which was a tiny
:20:33. > :20:34.proportion of the total, so there were many reasons
:20:35. > :20:43.to believe it would never be implemented -
:20:44. > :20:46.Those who made their way to the Jungle were often people
:20:47. > :20:49.who had slipped out of Italian reception centres or made their way
:20:50. > :20:54.France's decision to process them now underlines the degree
:20:55. > :20:58.to which national answers have come to define Europe's response
:20:59. > :21:05.Towards the end of the week French officials said that they had
:21:06. > :21:07.accomplished the mission to clear the Jungle, but there
:21:08. > :21:10.was some disruption as some of the departing migrants set fire
:21:11. > :21:13.Aid workers also raised concerns over the plight
:21:14. > :21:16.of a number of children, with reports that some migrants had
:21:17. > :21:28.Lucy Williamson reports on the final days of the Calais Jungle.
:21:29. > :21:36.The eerie calm that has hung over the Jungle broke. The ending of the
:21:37. > :21:42.camp telegraphed across the Calais sky. Shelters set ablaze in protest,
:21:43. > :21:47.perhaps, or resignation tinged with revenge. So far there has been very
:21:48. > :21:51.little resistance to this clearance, but the operation seems to be
:21:52. > :21:55.reaching a tipping point. Those who want to go have left. Those who are
:21:56. > :22:00.still here have a different point to make. At the camp's borders those
:22:01. > :22:08.who still had homes inside watched and waited, held back by riot
:22:09. > :22:13.police. Officials say the fires have speeded up the eviction.
:22:14. > :22:17.TRANSLATION: The last fires in the camp have convinced them. We've seen
:22:18. > :22:21.some Syrians who didn't want to come initially, they are here now, and
:22:22. > :22:25.community leaders who said they wanted to go now the communities had
:22:26. > :22:30.gone, and there was no one left, so it's time to close. The mission was
:22:31. > :22:37.a success. But migrants have been filing back into the Jungle to sleep
:22:38. > :22:41.amongst the Ashes. Among them we met this man. His friends, who joined
:22:42. > :22:44.the buses out on Monday, have told him it wasn't worth leaving, he
:22:45. > :22:51.said, and they were coming home to Calais. I'm going back to sleep
:22:52. > :22:55.there. I know the Jungle has been finished, been buried, but it's
:22:56. > :23:01.better to be there until tomorrow. If the police can we are ready to go
:23:02. > :23:06.to the detention centre. And aid workers say the speed has led --
:23:07. > :23:10.left some of the camp's most vulnerable with nowhere to sleep
:23:11. > :23:15.tonight. In terms of the children they are not all in state
:23:16. > :23:19.protection. We have counted so many who cannot get into the containers
:23:20. > :23:24.or get into the centre and have no accommodation whatsoever. The story
:23:25. > :23:28.of Calais's migrants is over, they say, but for those still determined
:23:29. > :23:36.to reach Britain it doesn't feel like the end. Lucy Williamson, BBC
:23:37. > :23:40.News, Calais. And that's all from the special edition of reporters for
:23:41. > :23:42.this week. From me Simon Jones here at the now empty Jungle camp in
:23:43. > :23:52.Calais, goodbye for now.