:00:00. > :00:21.From here we send out correspondents to
:00:22. > :00:30.bring you the best stories across the globe.
:00:31. > :00:32.In this week's programme, the shocking human cost
:00:33. > :00:36.Fergal Keane reports on one of the Arab world's
:00:37. > :00:38.poorest countries where 7 million people are facing famine.
:00:39. > :00:40.There are several causes of this war.
:00:41. > :00:52.But there's only one consequence - death and
:00:53. > :00:58.Coming home to Aleppo as Syrian Government
:00:59. > :01:00.forces retake parts of the
:01:01. > :01:01.city our correspondent meets families loyal
:01:02. > :01:03.to President Assad who are now
:01:04. > :01:10.Even though this war seems to be coming
:01:11. > :01:14.to an end, in some places Syrians know just how hard it will be to
:01:15. > :01:30.so-called Islamic State out of Mosul by any means necessary.
:01:31. > :01:39.Our reporter reports from Rome on political and economic
:01:40. > :01:49.turmoil following the Prime Minister's referendum defeat.
:01:50. > :01:54.John Maguire catches up on the first woman to cross the English Channel
:01:55. > :02:09.Once the cliffs get bigger it was just easy.
:02:10. > :02:11.We start with powerful new evidence of the
:02:12. > :02:14.suffering in Yemen one of the Arab world poorest countries where a
:02:15. > :02:17.civil war is having devastating human consequences.
:02:18. > :02:20.More than 7000 people have been killed in fighting,
:02:21. > :02:29.the majority in air strikes by Saudi-led forces.
:02:30. > :02:31.According to the UN an estimated 14 million
:02:32. > :02:37.are at risk of hunger, half
:02:38. > :02:40.Our reporting team has travelled to one of the worst affected areas.
:02:41. > :02:41.The report contains distressing images.
:02:42. > :02:56.Along roads where death can descend at any time,
:02:57. > :03:01.This is the story of a journey into a
:03:02. > :03:12.It will reveal images of child suffering that are
:03:13. > :03:15.not easy to look at, but without which we cannot
:03:16. > :03:16.comprehend the cost of
:03:17. > :03:36.She has been fighting to survive since the day she was born.
:03:37. > :03:42.10,000 children have died from preventable diseases.
:03:43. > :03:53.Half a million are severely malnourished.
:03:54. > :03:56.This is one of the few who make it to
:03:57. > :04:09.Half the health facilities no longer function.
:04:10. > :04:21.limits the services we can provide, the doctor tells me.
:04:22. > :04:23.We hope we get support from international aid to
:04:24. > :04:26.Child malnutrition has jumped 200% in two
:04:27. > :04:30.Before the war Yemen imported 90% of staple food.
:04:31. > :04:39.God will punish the bombers, this man says.
:04:40. > :04:46.The bridge was hit just two weeks ago.
:04:47. > :05:00.Civilians and food trucks use the same roads as soldiers.
:05:01. > :05:02.In the rural areas, farthest from aid,
:05:03. > :05:08.In this village medics from save the children battle to help.
:05:09. > :05:10.In another, people brought their sick infants to
:05:11. > :05:18.The old man and his hungry grandchildren.
:05:19. > :05:21.This child is nine months old, sick from liver problems
:05:22. > :05:29.He died of malnutrition five months ago.
:05:30. > :05:31.Their mother has no money for medicine.
:05:32. > :05:33.What do you want to happen for this child,
:05:34. > :05:46.It was becoming a journey deeper into crisis.
:05:47. > :06:00.3 million people have been displaced.
:06:01. > :06:02.In this camp, 17,000 people endure the waterless plain.
:06:03. > :06:04.We were approached by pleading voices again.
:06:05. > :06:05.This man brought his malnourished disabled
:06:06. > :06:15.You walked up to us too show the child, why did you come to
:06:16. > :06:38.There is no money to get him to hospital.
:06:39. > :06:40.What the war takes away nobody can give
:06:41. > :06:51.This child aged three and a half was the only survivor of an air
:06:52. > :06:53.strike that killed his parents and 24 members
:06:54. > :07:02.This person who had already fled came
:07:03. > :07:22.Coalition bombing and import restrictions
:07:23. > :07:33.The rebels frequently delaye aid getting
:07:34. > :07:37.through because they seek to control distribution.
:07:38. > :07:38.Just half the international funding promised has
:07:39. > :07:42.This is a crisis that we just don't recognise and it
:07:43. > :07:45.will come back to haunt us because the consequences of our
:07:46. > :07:47.indifference, the consequences of what we are not doing here, will
:07:48. > :08:00.At the same time we cannot deal with what is going on
:08:01. > :08:03.because the numbers are so massive, resources are so little, the
:08:04. > :08:09.It all leads back inevitably to this.
:08:10. > :08:14.His twin brother died soon after he was born.
:08:15. > :08:16.He seems impossibly fragile but fights
:08:17. > :08:18.There are several causes of this war.
:08:19. > :08:22.Battle between regional powers, fighting between local
:08:23. > :08:25.factions, but there's only one consequence.
:08:26. > :08:38.Death and the destruction of people's livelihood.
:08:39. > :08:42.And an image like that of this baby, no matter how many wars you've
:08:43. > :08:49.With energy only for that most universal of
:08:50. > :09:00.This is what it means to be forgotten by the world.
:09:01. > :09:02.Pressure is also growing at the UN for a new
:09:03. > :09:06.ceasefire in Syria to help the tens of thousands trapped by the conflict
:09:07. > :09:10.Fighting intensified this week in Eastern Aleppo as government
:09:11. > :09:14.forces retook the historic old city from the rebels.
:09:15. > :09:16.As more districts are being seized, families loyal to
:09:17. > :09:20.President Assad are returning to their homes after years of war.
:09:21. > :09:25.Our reporter has been to meet some of them.
:09:26. > :09:53.One week ago these neighbourhoods were seized back from
:09:54. > :09:59.For this family it is a victory parade.
:10:00. > :10:01.I kiss your soil, Syria, I kneel before you,
:10:02. > :10:04.they are loyal to their president, now they feel they owe him
:10:05. > :10:13.Soldiers joined the celebration at their front door.
:10:14. > :10:17.Our kitchen was amazing, she tells me.
:10:18. > :10:22.It was the envy of the neighbourhood.
:10:23. > :10:33.I was born here, raised here, but now we are back,
:10:34. > :10:41.Her father tells me they had felt threatened here.
:10:42. > :10:49.Most people supported the rebels then.
:10:50. > :10:56.Just across the way we meet a family who
:10:57. > :11:01.chose to stay when the rebels took over four years ago.
:11:02. > :11:20.We have a saying here, if a man uproots himself, he is nothing.
:11:21. > :11:24.The idea of leaving and being a refugee in my
:11:25. > :11:37.We had no electricity, she says, no water, no bread.
:11:38. > :11:39.These teenagers show me their vegetable patch.
:11:40. > :11:43.It helped them through an army siege and rebel hoarding.
:11:44. > :11:44.It wasn't much but better than nothing.
:11:45. > :11:47.When the army moved in everyone was taken
:11:48. > :11:50.This is what happened to their home when they
:11:51. > :11:57.They can't say for sure who or what caused it.
:11:58. > :12:00.A cruel blow after surviving four years of war.
:12:01. > :12:02.And that war goes on in neighbouring districts.
:12:03. > :12:07.The stories we heard here in this one
:12:08. > :12:11.neighbourhood are stories you hear across Syria.
:12:12. > :12:13.People returning to their homes to their old lives and
:12:14. > :12:21.But even though this war seems to be coming to an end, in
:12:22. > :12:25.some places, Syrians know just how hard it will be to live together
:12:26. > :12:38.Around the area, street after street of utter ruin, proof of
:12:39. > :12:41.the ferocity of the battle that has been, of how much is now gone.
:12:42. > :12:54.The battle to drive so-called Islamic
:12:55. > :12:59.State from the Iraqi city of Mosul is now in its sixth week.
:13:00. > :13:05.As fighting continues concerns have been raised that involvement of Shia
:13:06. > :13:08.militias - they have been accused of sectarian killings in the past.
:13:09. > :13:12.The Iraqi parliament recently voted to legalise them, heightening fears
:13:13. > :13:19.amongst minorities of revenge attacks.
:13:20. > :13:23.Paramilitaries have been fighting West of the city of Mosul.
:13:24. > :13:27.Our reporter joined them on the front line.
:13:28. > :13:30.It is not the Iraqi flag planted here but the banner of a
:13:31. > :13:32.coalition of mostly Shia paramilitaries backed by Iran.
:13:33. > :13:38.This is the terrain of the popular mobilisation units.
:13:39. > :13:40.Newly integrated into Iraq's official armed forces in
:13:41. > :13:47.spite of serious human rights concerns.
:13:48. > :13:49.They have been taking territory West of Mosul.
:13:50. > :13:51.Cutting off escape routes for the Sunni
:13:52. > :13:58.This road is or was a key route for Islamic State.
:13:59. > :14:02.If we go over here the road leads to the Syrian
:14:03. > :14:08.border and all the way to
:14:09. > :14:10.the city of Raqqa, the self-declared capital of IS.
:14:11. > :14:12.Fighters and weapons have been able to go in both
:14:13. > :14:17.This route is now under the control of Shia
:14:18. > :14:35.They have been doing battle outside urban areas.
:14:36. > :14:38.The Iraqi Government has promised he won't enter Mosul, a mainly
:14:39. > :14:41.Sunni city, where some feared them more than IS.
:14:42. > :14:43.Human rights groups accuse them of abducting and killing
:14:44. > :14:45.Sunni civilians during previous campaigns against the militants.
:14:46. > :14:56.Let us talk about big armies in the world, the great
:14:57. > :15:00.If there is someone who did a mistake,
:15:01. > :15:03.they will face the judge and he will go to jail.
:15:04. > :15:06.Sunni civilians may not be very reassured by that as the
:15:07. > :15:16.We watched them closing in on IS targets in
:15:17. > :15:23.A few hours into the attack, a pause for prayer.
:15:24. > :15:27.By noon the enemy have already dispatched
:15:28. > :15:38.On the high ground the commander called for an all
:15:39. > :16:09.Human rights groups and the US and British governments will
:16:10. > :16:12.be watching carefully to see where the Shia militias direct their
:16:13. > :16:29.If the battle against IS is tinged with
:16:30. > :16:37.sectarian hatred and revenge it will threaten the future of Iraq.
:16:38. > :16:44.David Cameron could have told Italy's
:16:45. > :16:53.to stake your career on the
:16:54. > :17:01.result of a referendum but Matteo Renzi handed
:17:02. > :17:05.Italians rejected his plans for constitutional reform.
:17:06. > :17:07.Voters across Europe including Austria has shaken
:17:08. > :17:16.up the system this year sending politicians a message.
:17:17. > :17:18.As our correspondent reports, the referendum result has sent Italy
:17:19. > :17:23.The reaction was instinctive if not entirely tuneful.
:17:24. > :17:27.As soon as they knew they had won last night
:17:28. > :17:30.victorious no voters demanded the resignation
:17:31. > :17:36.The first Italian premier, he claims, to take political
:17:37. > :17:43.I lost and I say loud and clear I was not
:17:44. > :17:48.Long live Italy and good luck to all of us.
:17:49. > :18:00.This evening Matteo Renzi drove to meet Italy's
:18:01. > :18:15.He'll stay on for at least a week until the annual budget is passed
:18:16. > :18:24.Cabinet members seemed a little dazed by it all.
:18:25. > :18:27.TRANSLATION: How could we stay with this government in this format?
:18:28. > :18:28.It is an inelegant end to a premiership
:18:29. > :18:40.that began with such promise and so many promises.
:18:41. > :18:42.Renzi, the self-styled reformer, claimed to change
:18:43. > :18:43.Italy, its sluggish economy and chaotic politics.
:18:44. > :18:46.Last month he was invited by President Obama to be
:18:47. > :18:50.I think Matteo embodies a new generation of leadership not just
:18:51. > :18:56.In fact hobnobbing with the great and
:18:57. > :18:59.the privileged abroad helped cement opposition to Mr Renzi at home
:19:00. > :19:01.amongst hard up Italians unhappy with their lot.
:19:02. > :19:04.When we took to the streets of Rome referendum no voters
:19:05. > :19:06.told us they had rejected their Prime Minister, not just his
:19:07. > :19:19.Music to the ears of Mr Renzi's political rivals, the
:19:20. > :19:22.popular and populist Five Star movement.
:19:23. > :19:25.Now we are asking for the election as soon as possible.
:19:26. > :19:27.Is this the beginning of a new era in
:19:28. > :19:34.All this political turmoil, front-page
:19:35. > :19:44.But here in Bella Roma, Italy's beating
:19:45. > :19:45.political heart, it is business as usual,
:19:46. > :19:47.that is because Italians are
:19:48. > :19:51.They have had 63 of them since the end of the Second World War.
:19:52. > :19:54.That is four times as many as we have had in
:19:55. > :19:56.So Italy is used to muddling through.
:19:57. > :19:59.But of course this country does not exist in a vacuum.
:20:00. > :20:02.It is a key EU player and the third largest
:20:03. > :20:08.So whatever is happening here has a big
:20:09. > :20:15.And a crisis is looming in Italy's banks, especially
:20:16. > :20:26.Bank failures would hit hard here and abroad.
:20:27. > :20:28.In Italy, looking good on the outside is
:20:29. > :20:34.But scratch the beautiful surface and you will see problems
:20:35. > :20:42.weighing down Italians and worrying their European neighbours.
:20:43. > :20:46.One woman, 7000 kilometres, all by paramotor.
:20:47. > :20:54.Quite a journey for this conservationist.
:20:55. > :21:01.She has become the first woman to complete the epic journey. It is all
:21:02. > :21:06.part of her journey to track the migration of swans from Russia to
:21:07. > :21:13.England. Our correspondent caught up with her.
:21:14. > :21:18.The human sworn, crossing the English Channel will mean her
:21:19. > :21:22.expedition is over, but this is her most challenging site. For the last
:21:23. > :21:26.three months her expedition has followed the migratory route of the
:21:27. > :21:43.swans from their bleeding ground in Russia to the River Severn -- from
:21:44. > :21:47.their breeding ground. Her mission is to persuade people not to hunt
:21:48. > :21:59.the birds. Now her consideration is to get safely
:22:00. > :22:06.from Calais to Dover. It might be different there. We will not know
:22:07. > :22:10.exactly what conditions are like until we get there. The exhibition
:22:11. > :22:20.has not been without its setbacks. She injured her knee and had to
:22:21. > :22:22.adapt her paramotor. After 7000 kilometres, several weeks
:22:23. > :22:27.flying all the way down from northern Russia, this is the very
:22:28. > :22:31.last bit, the last obstacle, perhaps the biggest, crossing the Channel, a
:22:32. > :22:36.huge expanse of water, the biggest shipping lanes in the world. Perhaps
:22:37. > :22:44.the final challenge this expedition. We are going to fly alongside her.
:22:45. > :22:49.This pilot explains fight this leg of the journey, although just 20
:22:50. > :22:55.miles long, is so risky. All pilots have a fear of going across a long
:22:56. > :22:59.bit of water because in December you would not have long to be rescued
:23:00. > :23:05.because you would suffer from hypothermia very quickly. The
:23:06. > :23:10.conditions are ideal. We leave the safety of France, the solid ground,
:23:11. > :23:15.and head out over the water. As we climb above 2500 feet, the white
:23:16. > :23:21.cliffs, tinted schools by the early morning sun, seem enticingly close,
:23:22. > :23:25.that they are along way off. After 40 minutes the cliffs are no longer
:23:26. > :23:30.ahead, they are below, and she has made it, the first woman to cross
:23:31. > :23:36.the Channel in a paramotor. She is back home. It was nice.
:23:37. > :23:40.Nerve-wracking in the middle bit where water is the only option for
:23:41. > :23:48.landing, but, yes, once the cliffs gets bigger, it was easy sailing
:23:49. > :23:53.from there. The number of swans making this perilous annual odyssey
:23:54. > :23:56.has fallen from 29,000 to around 18,000 in recent years. The
:23:57. > :24:01.achievement has been made possible because of all the professionalism,
:24:02. > :24:09.teamwork and modern technology. The swans just have instinct to rely on.
:24:10. > :24:13.To be able to add the first person, or first sworn, view of the
:24:14. > :24:18.migration, makes a difference. Tracking this ones with radio
:24:19. > :24:23.collars and flying as they do the expedition has already learned so
:24:24. > :24:31.much about the threats face. This human sworn has done her bits to
:24:32. > :24:41.protect her feathered friends. That is all for this week. From B
:24:42. > :24:46.and the entire team, goodbye. -- from me and the entire team.