:00:14. > :00:16.Welcome to Reporters. I'm Karin Giaonone.
:00:17. > :00:19.From here in the BBC newsroom, we send out correspondents to bring
:00:20. > :00:22.you the best stories from across the globe.
:00:23. > :00:30.We report from Yemen as the United Nations launches
:00:31. > :00:40.A reporter joins the Kurds desperately trying to make a living
:00:41. > :00:52.Believe it or not, it is impossible to take a sip.
:00:53. > :00:57.They say the black is for the majority people like me.
:00:58. > :01:06.And yet, for some reason I don't feel that I am a part of it.
:01:07. > :01:08.Paying the price for speaking your mind in Mugabe's Zimbabwe.
:01:09. > :01:11.We profile the pastor facing up to 20 years in jail.
:01:12. > :01:13.His supporters believe that his case which will be heard here,
:01:14. > :01:18.will test the limits of freedom of expression in this country.
:01:19. > :01:22.Plans for a helping hand at one online supermarket,
:01:23. > :01:25.Rory Cellan Jones investigates the rise of the robot.
:01:26. > :01:28.The question is, just how many people are going to see their jobs
:01:29. > :01:32.taken by robots and what will happen to them?
:01:33. > :01:37.As Paris' Pompidou Centre celebrates its 40th birthday,
:01:38. > :01:47.It was only when it opened and people started to line
:01:48. > :01:49.up and started to come in and the figures were
:01:50. > :01:58.The UN has appealed for $2 billion to provide life-saving assistance
:01:59. > :02:01.to millions in Yemen, who it says face the threat of famine.
:02:02. > :02:05.Almost 3.3 million people are now suffering from acute malnutrition.
:02:06. > :02:10.More than 2 million of them are children.
:02:11. > :02:13.Aid workers say the situation is catastrophic
:02:14. > :02:17.and rapidly deteriorating. Now there is a new complication.
:02:18. > :02:20.Warplanes from the Saudi-led coalition battling the Houthi rebels
:02:21. > :02:25.who control the capital have hit a vital port, which means aid supplies
:02:26. > :02:32.Nawal Al-Maghafi is one of the few Western journalists to have
:02:33. > :02:34.travelled to Yemen in recent months and sent this report.
:02:35. > :02:39.Fatima is the face of hunger in Yemen.
:02:40. > :02:48.In the six months since we met her, every day has been
:02:49. > :02:52.Her mother says they are barely surviving.
:02:53. > :02:56.There are over two million children like her.
:02:57. > :03:00.90% of Yemen's food is imported and most of it arrives here,
:03:01. > :03:07.But all the cranes needed to off-load the ships have been
:03:08. > :03:18.The Saudis have imposed an aerial and naval blockade,
:03:19. > :03:20.controlling all imports to the country.
:03:21. > :03:23.They say they are stopping arms from getting to
:03:24. > :03:26.But that means that very little food is getting through.
:03:27. > :03:29.The World Food Programme has bought new cranes for Hodeda's port
:03:30. > :03:33.but we have been told the Saudi coalition has refused to allow them
:03:34. > :03:42.These delays in bringing foodstuffs onshore, either
:03:43. > :03:44.commercially or humanitarian, means there's less
:03:45. > :03:47.available and therefore, the prices will go up.
:03:48. > :03:51.From what I've heard, the Saudi argument is that firstly,
:03:52. > :03:54.the port is in control of the Houthis, so they are handing
:03:55. > :03:57.over cranes to a port that is in control of the rebels.
:03:58. > :04:00.They also say that these cranes could be used to off-load arms
:04:01. > :04:05.for the rebels and therefore, fuel the fight.
:04:06. > :04:11.Those cranes are brought in and funded for WFP,
:04:12. > :04:14.who are the logistics cluster, to bring those food goods off
:04:15. > :04:20.The port is controlled by the same people who have always
:04:21. > :04:22.controlled the port, the same as the sea
:04:23. > :04:24.offshore is controlled by the Saudi-led coalition.
:04:25. > :04:30.So we just want these cranes in so we can do our work,
:04:31. > :04:32.to make sure the humanitarian pipeline is a strong
:04:33. > :04:38.The fighting for control of the port has been
:04:39. > :04:41.going on for over six months, with neither side winning.
:04:42. > :04:48.And it's the most vulnerable that are left suffering.
:04:49. > :04:55.For centuries, smugglers have crossed the border
:04:56. > :04:59.It's a treacherous route that the current conflict
:05:00. > :05:03.in the region is making the practice more and more profitable and deadly.
:05:04. > :05:06.Kurdish human rights groups say more than 100 smugglers were shot dead
:05:07. > :05:15.But as one reporter found out, the smugglers say their work
:05:16. > :05:18.provides a lifeline for their communities.
:05:19. > :05:25.A four by four is the only way to reach the Iranian border
:05:26. > :05:40.Every day, hundreds of pick-up trucks carry goods to this camp.
:05:41. > :05:45.It is one of many dotted along the border.
:05:46. > :05:48.These smugglers are from poor Kurdish towns and villages in Iran.
:05:49. > :06:34.They are challenging me if I can carry this load,
:06:35. > :06:54.Believe it or not, it is impossible to even take a sip.
:06:55. > :07:02.Believe it or not, it is impossible to even take a step.
:07:03. > :07:06.The smugglers sometimes manage to bribe the Iranian border guards.
:07:07. > :07:09.But most of the time they have to take illegal
:07:10. > :07:17.Kurdish human rights groups say more than 100 smugglers have been shot
:07:18. > :07:29.dead by Iranian border guards just in the past year.
:07:30. > :07:34.The Islamic Republic of Iran says these people
:07:35. > :07:38.are hurting the economy, but for this man and thousands
:07:39. > :07:47.like him, it is the only way to feed their families.
:07:48. > :07:50.Asotthalom is a village in southern Hungary that you've probably
:07:51. > :07:56.Its population is dwindling, but it's hoping to persuade
:07:57. > :07:57.white Christian Europeans, who don't like the idea
:07:58. > :08:03.of living in a multicultural society to move there.
:08:04. > :08:07.The mayor has already banned Islamic dress and gay kissing in public.
:08:08. > :08:10.Leslie Ashmall has been to the village where Muslims
:08:11. > :08:14.Asotthalom, a village on the southern Hungary plains,
:08:15. > :08:25.just minutes from the Serbian border where in 2015 10,000 migrants a day
:08:26. > :08:32.The village population is declining and homesteads stand vacant.
:08:33. > :08:37.The mayor here wants to attract foreign investors
:08:38. > :08:45.TRANSLATION: We primarily welcome people from Western Europe.
:08:46. > :08:48.People who would not like to live in a multicultural society.
:08:49. > :08:51.We would not want to attract Muslim people.
:08:52. > :09:01.TRANSLATION: Asotthalom has a by-law which bans homosexual propaganda.
:09:02. > :09:12.Think about this, Europe is small, it cannot take in billions of people
:09:13. > :09:15.from Africa and South Asia where there is a population boom.
:09:16. > :09:18.This would soon lead to the disappearance of Europe.
:09:19. > :09:20.I would like Europe to belong to Europeans.
:09:21. > :09:22.Asia to Asians and Africa to Africans.
:09:23. > :09:28.He is so serious he has introduced local legislation banning public
:09:29. > :09:32.displays of affection by gay people, the wearing of Islamic dress
:09:33. > :09:37.like the hijab, and he wants to ban the building of mosques.
:09:38. > :09:42.And his views are being pushed by a British organisation called
:09:43. > :09:49.The former British National Party leader Nick Griffin is a member
:09:50. > :09:54.and the group is advertising smallholdings for sale
:09:55. > :10:03.Hungary is already seen by more and more Western Europeans
:10:04. > :10:06.as a place of refuge, a place to get away from the hell
:10:07. > :10:08.that is about to break loose in Western Europe.
:10:09. > :10:17.One of them agreed to speak to us but at the last minute pulled out.
:10:18. > :10:21.They have spoken of their fears to Hungarian media in the past
:10:22. > :10:24.but other villagers reject the laws are huge concern.
:10:25. > :10:28.However, they are the talk of the village pub.
:10:29. > :10:31.TRANSLATION: Important issues like this should be dealt
:10:32. > :10:34.with by the National government, not local legislation.
:10:35. > :10:38.If they take off the veil I'll accept them.
:10:39. > :10:44.It does not even matter if they are black, they should
:10:45. > :10:46.become Hungarian citizens even if they are
:10:47. > :10:51.Are you trying to create a white kind of supremacist village?
:10:52. > :10:57.I did not use this word white but because we are a white
:10:58. > :11:02.European Christian population, we want to stay this...
:11:03. > :11:13.The mayor of Asotthalom wants his village to be the vanguard
:11:14. > :11:18.in what he calls the war against Muslim culture.
:11:19. > :11:21.He has employed round-the-clock border patrols which he thinks
:11:22. > :11:36.The refugee crisis has contributed to the anti-immigrant sentiments
:11:37. > :11:41.in Europe, like the rise of the
:11:42. > :11:43.French Front National and the Dutch Party for Freedom.
:11:44. > :11:47.To Europe's forgotten war in eastern Ukraine now,
:11:48. > :11:50.where government forces and Russian backed rebels are accusing each
:11:51. > :11:55.Fighting intensified last week with the focus of some
:11:56. > :12:00.of the heaviest clashes on the government held city
:12:01. > :12:04.of Avdiivka, just ten miles from rebel held Donetsk.
:12:05. > :12:07.Tom Burridge sent this report from the front line of the conflict.
:12:08. > :12:10.A wait for food - part of their perpetual nightmare of war.
:12:11. > :12:15.But for thousands, the city of Avdiivka is still their home.
:12:16. > :12:21.It's now the epicentre of the worst fighting in eastern
:12:22. > :12:28.She says she sits at home trembling when the night-time routine
:12:29. > :12:38.Still in shock, her daughter was killed in the shelling last night.
:12:39. > :12:45.She still hadn't told her nine-year-old grandson.
:12:46. > :12:47.TRANSLATION: The child still doesn't know his mother is gone.
:12:48. > :12:53."Who was firing?", asks the dead woman's cousin.
:12:54. > :12:58."Who is responsible for eastern Ukraine being covered in blood?"
:12:59. > :13:02.We found Elena's husband clearing up the family's apartment
:13:03. > :13:09.The reality is, most of the civilians living in the city,
:13:10. > :13:11.are just a short distance from the front line
:13:12. > :13:17.They are stuck here, stuck in the madness
:13:18. > :13:21.It's why a woman - an innocent woman - died last night.
:13:22. > :13:23.There, in the same apartment block, was a British journalist.
:13:24. > :13:25.Freelancer Christopher Nunn was badly injured to the head.
:13:26. > :13:28.We met the Ukrainian army doctor who treated him.
:13:29. > :13:29.He had an injured face and injured eye.
:13:30. > :13:36.I think a fragment of rocket go into his eye.
:13:37. > :13:47.They are treating the injured and receiving the dead at Avdiivka's
:13:48. > :13:54.The Ukrainian army, which holds the city, is fighting
:13:55. > :13:59.Ukraine and Russia both blame each other for the increase in violence.
:14:00. > :14:05.Civilians have also been killed in the separatist-held city of Donetsk.
:14:06. > :14:07.Russia claims the authorities here, which it supports,
:14:08. > :14:12.But there is clear evidence the conflict, which has ruined
:14:13. > :14:14.cities like Avdiivka, has been fuelled by Russia.
:14:15. > :14:17.And countries like Britain accuse Moscow of violating
:14:18. > :14:25.War here has a familiar feel, but things could now once again
:14:26. > :14:33.Tom Burridge, BBC News in eastern Ukraine.
:14:34. > :14:35.A pastor from Zimbabwe who led protests against Robert Mugabe's
:14:36. > :14:40.government last year has been charged with trying
:14:41. > :14:46.Evan Mawarire, who started a movement criticising
:14:47. > :14:48.the government, using the Zimbabwean flag will stand trial
:14:49. > :14:52.If convicted, he faces up to 20 years in prison.
:14:53. > :14:56.It comes as President Mugabe prepares to celebrate his 93rd
:14:57. > :14:58.birthday with a lavish party against a backdrop
:14:59. > :15:05.As Shingai Nyoka reports from Harare.
:15:06. > :15:13.This is the man who dared to demand that Zimbabwe's
:15:14. > :15:17.He believes he is paying the price for speaking the truth.
:15:18. > :15:19.He is accused of being behind some of the biggest protests
:15:20. > :15:25.against President Mugabe in over a decade.
:15:26. > :15:31.His online rants against corruption went viral.
:15:32. > :15:35.They tell me that the black is for the majority of people like me.
:15:36. > :15:38.And yet, for some reason, I dead feel like I am a part of it.
:15:39. > :15:43.And soon, other Zimbabweans were venting their anger
:15:44. > :15:53.He left the country fearing for his safety.
:15:54. > :15:56.But in the last six months, the government
:15:57. > :16:01.Evan Mawarire has not received the same level of public support
:16:02. > :16:04.that he did when he stood on these same court grounds last year,
:16:05. > :16:07.but his supporters believe that his case, which will be heard
:16:08. > :16:09.here, will test the limits of freedom of expression
:16:10. > :16:16.I think a lot of people are still a little bit upset,
:16:17. > :16:18.disappointed and feel let down by the fact that he left
:16:19. > :16:22.in the first place, and perhaps they fear that he might do it again.
:16:23. > :16:26.But I think at its core, what must be remembered at all times
:16:27. > :16:35.The problem is that got everybody to rise up the first time
:16:36. > :16:40.Those problems include an over 80% unemployment rate.
:16:41. > :16:46.In this supermarket, Zimbabweans are weighing up
:16:47. > :16:49.the price increases, in a desperate measure
:16:50. > :16:53.the government has introduced a 15% tax on some basic goods.
:16:54. > :16:56.To is very, very unusual, it is very unprecedented.
:16:57. > :17:01.Most countries don't impose sales tax or VAT on basic commodities.
:17:02. > :17:09.It comes as they prepare to throw another lavish birthday party
:17:10. > :17:12.for the long-time leader President Mugabe later this month.
:17:13. > :17:20.He turns 93 and says he will stand again for elections in 2018.
:17:21. > :17:24.The This Flag pastor has not ruled out running for office,
:17:25. > :17:26.but his immediate fate lies in the hands
:17:27. > :17:34.The rise of the robot and the impact of automation on human workers
:17:35. > :17:37.is fast becoming one of the biggest challenges in the modern world.
:17:38. > :17:40.One report in the UK this week warned that nearly a quarter
:17:41. > :17:44.of a million public sector workers could be replaced by robots
:17:45. > :17:56.Rory Cellan Jones gained exclusive access to one firm where robots
:17:57. > :18:01.In a warehouse in Hatfield, a very complex operation is under way,
:18:02. > :18:06.assembling Ocado customer orders from 50,000 potential items.
:18:07. > :18:08.It still requires plenty of people but if the online supermarket
:18:09. > :18:11.is to make money from something shoppers used to do themselves,
:18:12. > :18:18.That's why there's a robotics lab in the corner of the warehouse.
:18:19. > :18:21.This robot arm designed to pick up fruit without damaging it,
:18:22. > :18:23.is one of their creations, though it is some years away
:18:24. > :18:29.But in another warehouse in Andover, Ocado says
:18:30. > :18:38.Swarms of robots move across a grid, collaborating to collect groceries
:18:39. > :18:42.It's a huge investment but the firm says there's no alternative.
:18:43. > :18:45.If the UK is to remain competitive on the world stage,
:18:46. > :18:48.then there is no option but to invest in not only automation
:18:49. > :18:53.but in this increasing move towards robotics
:18:54. > :18:55.because that is the only way we will be competitive.
:18:56. > :19:00.All kinds of businesses that want to prosper over the next decade
:19:01. > :19:03.are going to have to use artificial intelligence and automation to make
:19:04. > :19:10.The question is just how many people are going to see their jobs taken
:19:11. > :19:16.by robots and what's going to happen to them.
:19:17. > :19:18.At London Science Museum, a new exhibition traces the history
:19:19. > :19:21.of robots and shows how they are now encroaching on tasks once
:19:22. > :19:27.One academic has a startling forecast.
:19:28. > :19:30.35% of current UK employment is at high risk of being replaced
:19:31. > :19:34.by robots or similar technology by the year 2030.
:19:35. > :19:42.Truck drivers, taxi drivers, processing of things like invoices.
:19:43. > :19:46.But there's a more optimistic view, that our jobs are becoming more
:19:47. > :19:50.creative and complex and we will be able to keep ahead of the robots.
:19:51. > :19:53.Some of the best skills you can have are adaptability,
:19:54. > :19:55.ability to switch between tasks, emotional intelligence
:19:56. > :20:01.Those kind of things should protect our children
:20:02. > :20:04.for the labour market of tomorrow, whichever direction the robots take.
:20:05. > :20:07.The lesson of the past is that new technology usually creates more
:20:08. > :20:10.jobs than it destroys, but along the way a lot of people
:20:11. > :20:20.To its critics, it was a monstrosity resembling an oil refinery
:20:21. > :20:28.But as Paris' Pompidou Centre celebrates its 40th birthday this
:20:29. > :20:30.week, its reputation as an icon of modern architecture
:20:31. > :20:34.It has been popular with more than 100 million visitors passing
:20:35. > :20:43.Will Gompertz has been speaking to two of the original architects,
:20:44. > :20:45.Richard Rodgers and Renzo Piano, about the Pompidou's
:20:46. > :20:57.Ah, Paris, beautiful, romantic, and radical.
:20:58. > :21:01.A city of revolutions, riots and avant-garde ideas.
:21:02. > :21:06.Like the Pompidou Centre, which in 1977 was like an electric
:21:07. > :21:12.A daring, inside out building with its guts on show and weird
:21:13. > :21:17.caterpillar escalators crawling up its facade.
:21:18. > :21:20.These two self-confessed bad boys were behind its creation.
:21:21. > :21:26.Unknown iconoclasts back then, respected pillars of society today.
:21:27. > :21:29.They hadn't expected their design to beat the 680 competing proposals.
:21:30. > :21:34.And when it did, a steep learning curve awaited.
:21:35. > :21:40.I mean, we were young kids out of school, without work.
:21:41. > :21:43.But as very many naive people, we didn't realise how
:21:44. > :21:51.Had we realised, I doubt we would've done the competition.
:21:52. > :21:54.It was a miracle, we had court cases against us, everybody hated it,
:21:55. > :21:59.It was only when it opened and people started to line up
:22:00. > :22:01.and people started to come in and the figures were
:22:02. > :22:09.This building was a shift, it was celebrating a shift, a change.
:22:10. > :22:14.And when the change occurs in society, it's never
:22:15. > :22:20.You cannot expect to build a change like this that was not due to us.
:22:21. > :22:27.It was in the air of May '68, it was in the air of the time.
:22:28. > :22:33.We were just simply building the change.
:22:34. > :22:37.Where had you seen similar ideas executed?
:22:38. > :22:40.It was a cross between New York's Times Square,
:22:41. > :22:43.which was full of glitter and so on and sex and all the rest
:22:44. > :22:47.of it, but it was lovely because people wanted to get there,
:22:48. > :22:52.and the British Museum, a symbol of one of the greatest
:22:53. > :22:54.museums of the world, where you could sit down and do
:22:55. > :23:02.It can help to change the world, and become a unifying element.
:23:03. > :23:07.I think beauty is tremendously underrated.
:23:08. > :23:09.It is the glue which pulls us all togetther.
:23:10. > :23:11.Their Pompidou was a utopian project where people can
:23:12. > :23:19.A 40-year-old concept that they would argue is even
:23:20. > :23:57.From me, Karin Gionnone, it is goodbye for now.
:23:58. > :23:58.In an oblique sort of day up and down the UK. Not much