:00:00. > :00:14.Tonight, sanctions on benefits. We report on concerns that the biggest
:00:15. > :00:19.impact is being felt by the most vulnerable in society. Is there any
:00:20. > :00:25.long-term future for steel-making in Wales? We consider the implications
:00:26. > :00:28.of the latest job losses. And our school children being taught enough
:00:29. > :00:30.about the history of Wales? My grandfather used to say you can't
:00:31. > :00:48.beat history and he is right. Tonight we will be looking at the
:00:49. > :00:52.future of the steel industry in Wales, if there is a long-term
:00:53. > :00:58.future that is, following news of big job losses this week mostly in
:00:59. > :01:06.Port Talbot. A major talking point and you can join the conversation on
:01:07. > :01:10.social media. Let's talk about the effect of benefits sanctions imposed
:01:11. > :01:16.by Westminster. This is where people get some benefits stopped for a time
:01:17. > :01:21.if they do not meet conditions such as attending appointments are going
:01:22. > :01:25.on courses. The rate of sanctions on people with mental health problems
:01:26. > :01:34.has doubled in four years and has risen at a higher rate in Wales than
:01:35. > :01:37.the British average. Felicity Wills as spoken to one woman who has
:01:38. > :01:44.struggled with their sanctions system.
:01:45. > :01:47.Jane claims employment and support allowance, a benefit that recognises
:01:48. > :01:52.your ability to work is limited because of ill health or disability.
:01:53. > :01:57.Jane is not her real name. Jane has depression and anxiety. Last January
:01:58. > :02:03.she was told she was being sanctioned but said she could not
:02:04. > :02:11.understand why. After deductions, she had ?12 per week to live on. How
:02:12. > :02:16.did you manage? I didn't, if you know what I mean. Whatever it took
:02:17. > :02:24.for me to live, I did. Are you in debt? Massively. Finds, warrants, TV
:02:25. > :02:29.licence. I could not bargain with anyone because I had no money to do
:02:30. > :02:36.so. What impact did it have on your mental health? It made that anxiety
:02:37. > :02:40.worse. I could not get up, sometimes I couldn't even wash my face, open
:02:41. > :02:46.the curtains, and that's how I became. Every week without and one
:02:47. > :02:51.week worse than the other, then one week goes to a month and so on. It
:02:52. > :02:57.has been that long it becomes normal in the end, I suppose. It is
:02:58. > :03:02.inhumane. Nobody can live on those amounts of money. This case is not
:03:03. > :03:06.unusual. The rate of people with mental health problems being
:03:07. > :03:09.sanctioned has risen in Wales and many of those people find it
:03:10. > :03:16.difficult to make sense of the system. What often happens is that
:03:17. > :03:21.there is confusion about why the person has been sanctioned or just
:03:22. > :03:24.why their benefit has stopped and sometimes sanctions can run for a
:03:25. > :03:29.very long time without the situation being sorted out. I came across a
:03:30. > :03:34.case last year were somebody had been sanctioned for five months
:03:35. > :03:39.although according to the book she should only have been sanctioned for
:03:40. > :03:44.one month. We are talking about a system which is not only very severe
:03:45. > :03:48.but also very badly administered, so lots of things go wrong which result
:03:49. > :03:54.in people suffering more severe penalties than are laid down in the
:03:55. > :03:58.law. Charities supporting people with mental health conditions said
:03:59. > :04:02.they are worried the pressure of the sanctions regime is having a
:04:03. > :04:07.counter-productive thing on the welfare of claimants and their
:04:08. > :04:11.ability to find work. We have seen many cases where people have made
:04:12. > :04:15.progress with support, improving their mental health, and then they
:04:16. > :04:21.have been hit by a sanction or work capability assessment and they have
:04:22. > :04:24.gone back to use in terms of progress and they have to go back on
:04:25. > :04:29.support just to get them on the place they were two years ago. It is
:04:30. > :04:32.worrying because it is having a tremendous and packed on lives. The
:04:33. > :04:37.fact the number of people with mental health problems in sanctioned
:04:38. > :04:42.as rising is no surprise to those who help them navigate the benefit
:04:43. > :04:46.system. Organisations like Citizens Advice Bureau provide advice for
:04:47. > :04:51.people. They say the people they help with mental health problems
:04:52. > :04:56.often struggle with the demands it places on them. Any time of squeezed
:04:57. > :05:02.public finances there is a limit to help they can give. A large
:05:03. > :05:08.proportion of sanctions seem to fall on mental health claimants.
:05:09. > :05:13.Basically because of the understanding of the system and what
:05:14. > :05:15.they have to do to fulfil their commitment and the action plan
:05:16. > :05:22.agreed by the job centre. Maybe there is also a case that job centre
:05:23. > :05:31.staff could be more sympathetic perhaps and perhaps undergo training
:05:32. > :05:34.so they fully understand what mental health claimants go through. Some
:05:35. > :05:38.people say that mental health claimants should not be subject to
:05:39. > :05:44.sanctions at all because the benefit is supposed to recognise people who
:05:45. > :05:49.are ill. There is no evidence to support the British systems of
:05:50. > :05:53.sanctions for employment and support allowance claimants. These are
:05:54. > :05:59.people who are officially acknowledged to be too ill to work
:06:00. > :06:03.and there is no research evidence at all to indicate that a sanctions
:06:04. > :06:13.system for them does anything whatsoever to get them into jobs.
:06:14. > :06:17.Jane says she was close to giving up hope of ever getting her benefits
:06:18. > :06:20.reinstated but her support worker eventually managed to solve the
:06:21. > :06:25.problem. It emerged that she had been unfairly sanctioned. In
:06:26. > :06:34.November last year, her payments arrears dated -- were reinstated and
:06:35. > :06:38.she had backdated payments but she says she has additional costs in
:06:39. > :06:42.fines and court fees and her financial problems continue. The
:06:43. > :06:48.back payments to not matter because things have gone too far. In an out
:06:49. > :06:54.of court, bailiffs, everything. Though bills are so high now. What
:06:55. > :06:59.reason did they have for making my head go a bit funny? It is fighting
:07:00. > :07:03.a losing battle, banging your head on a brick wall, it makes you
:07:04. > :07:08.mentally unstable. It is constant and no one has answers. It feels
:07:09. > :07:16.personal, like they have something against you. That was Jane talking
:07:17. > :07:18.to my colleague Felicity Evans. The Minister of State for Employment was
:07:19. > :07:23.unavailable for interview today but a spokesperson told us that
:07:24. > :07:26.significant improvements have been made to the assessment process and
:07:27. > :07:31.the percentage of people with mental health conditions who get the
:07:32. > :07:38.highest level of support, they say, has more than tripled since 2010.
:07:39. > :07:45.And less than 1% of yes a claimants are sanctioned for a month and the
:07:46. > :07:52.number of sanctions has fallen by 20% from last year. Let's go to
:07:53. > :07:55.Westminster and speak to the Conservative MP Craig Williams who
:07:56. > :08:01.is on the work and pensions select committee. The case study points out
:08:02. > :08:07.clear weaknesses in the system. Would you acknowledge that? Yes and
:08:08. > :08:11.I think the committee has done some work into this but what I will say
:08:12. > :08:15.for the department is they have allocated an extra ?40 million to
:08:16. > :08:20.help particularly people with mental health, to help with the training,
:08:21. > :08:26.and I think a point about people with experience within the NHS and
:08:27. > :08:29.having seen a consultant or doctor or someone with medical
:08:30. > :08:34.qualifications about how that links in with works and pensions so when
:08:35. > :08:38.you go to the job centre and you see someone for your assessment, we
:08:39. > :08:42.should trust what comes from the NHS, and hopefully that would make
:08:43. > :08:50.the process simpler and protect more vulnerable people. Quite a few
:08:51. > :08:54.strong statements in the piece. I'm thinking of the words of the expert
:08:55. > :08:58.from the University of Glasgow, that there is no academic research to
:08:59. > :09:02.suggest these kinds of sanctions work with people with these
:09:03. > :09:11.conditions, that they actually make things worse and increasing their
:09:12. > :09:14.mental health -- ill-health. I think there is evidence out there about
:09:15. > :09:20.the sanctions mentality and I think the report I had access to before
:09:21. > :09:26.this report from the churches, there is a danger of chucking the baby out
:09:27. > :09:30.with the bath water. We have to look at sanctions, and it clearly is
:09:31. > :09:42.working. 100,000 people in Wales are on yes a -- ESA and mental health is
:09:43. > :09:47.a small part of it. But every case we have heard there shouldn't be
:09:48. > :09:52.happening. We must look at how we can proactively help. Sitting on the
:09:53. > :09:57.committee after the Oakley review, it set some real recommendations.
:09:58. > :10:00.The system is changing and the one thing with universal credit coming
:10:01. > :10:10.around is you will be allocated a work coach. It is not a panacea but
:10:11. > :10:14.it means people will have individual people looking after them throughout
:10:15. > :10:17.the whole process and you get to know the client, the customer,
:10:18. > :10:21.whatever you call it in terms of the job centre, and you can help them
:10:22. > :10:25.through and protect them. I will come back to the fundamental point
:10:26. > :10:29.which lots of people make, if you have dental health issues, this
:10:30. > :10:33.approach of putting sanctions, adding financial pressure, giving
:10:34. > :10:37.you more worries and financial anxiety, is counter-productive. It
:10:38. > :10:44.doesn't solve anything and it makes the problem worse. It is a flawed
:10:45. > :10:49.approach. You do not seem to recognise you are dealing with
:10:50. > :10:56.extremely vulnerable people. I do accept it. ESA is in two categories.
:10:57. > :11:02.When you are work capable it is sanctions. But there is the other
:11:03. > :11:07.category that people with severe mental health issues or even with
:11:08. > :11:10.anxiety which is important with all this paperwork and pressure, they
:11:11. > :11:14.should not be in that category. You can work within the current system
:11:15. > :11:18.and that is my comment about chucking the baby out with the bath
:11:19. > :11:23.water. The investment that work and pensions is making and the reviews
:11:24. > :11:29.that the committee are making are going to the heart of this. I don't
:11:30. > :11:33.accept we should instantly say nobody and just categorise because
:11:34. > :11:36.the whole point about mental health and other disabilities and
:11:37. > :11:40.challenges within this sector is it is an individual case and the case
:11:41. > :11:46.study we just heard was incredibly emotive and I am sorry and we should
:11:47. > :11:50.be doing more to help people but you cannot generalise and that is my
:11:51. > :11:58.dispute with the academic. What one change to the sanctions process
:11:59. > :12:11.would you make? What I touched on at the beginning, getting people that
:12:12. > :12:14.have health qualifications, consultants, if someone comes in, in
:12:15. > :12:15.terms of my work as an MP, helping people with tribunal 's and
:12:16. > :12:16.challenging sanctions when they have clear medical evidence and it is
:12:17. > :12:20.getting it to the job centre and work and pensions, and it is all
:12:21. > :12:25.about data-sharing and making sure we protect the most vulnerable when
:12:26. > :12:30.there is clear evidence there. What is the most important thing, in your
:12:31. > :12:34.view, is to save money or actually to get people back into work? What
:12:35. > :12:41.is driving this change? Getting people back to work. The work and
:12:42. > :12:48.pensions spent is about ?4 billion but it is not just about saving
:12:49. > :12:54.money it is about --, it is about breaking a generational thing.
:12:55. > :12:59.Getting in and helping people to have opportunities to get into work.
:13:00. > :13:06.If you look at the people in ESA alone, the Oakley review found 83%
:13:07. > :13:10.of those surveyed said the sanctions system was right and it encouraged
:13:11. > :13:17.them to get opportunities. The DWP statistics were around 60%. 83%
:13:18. > :13:24.saying the sanctions helped and motivated them is great. Thanks very
:13:25. > :13:27.much for talking to us. Today has seen the first meeting of a Welsh
:13:28. > :13:37.government task force set up to support people affected by the Tata
:13:38. > :13:44.Steel announcements, the bulk of it in Wales. 750 jobs to go in Port
:13:45. > :13:53.Talbot while 200 support staff elsewhere will also lose their jobs.
:13:54. > :14:00.Since last summer, almost 5000 steel jobs have been lost in Britain. Just
:14:01. > :14:06.to remind you, at its peak, 18,000 people were employed in Port Talbot,
:14:07. > :14:10.earning the town the famous nickname the city of steel. The UK Government
:14:11. > :14:13.say they are working with Tata Steel and local communities to get people
:14:14. > :14:16.the training and assistance they need to find work but the Welsh
:14:17. > :14:21.government believes there is more that can be done.
:14:22. > :14:28.We will do everything we can but the fundamental questions go far beyond
:14:29. > :14:34.the devolved responsibilities. I now call on the UK Government to step up
:14:35. > :14:42.and play its part. Now is the time for swift and decisive action. So
:14:43. > :14:48.let's talk a little more. I'm joined by Professor Kent Matthews from the
:14:49. > :14:51.Cardiff business School. There's a sense in some quarters we are
:14:52. > :15:01.frankly helpless and powerless to do anything in the face of these big
:15:02. > :15:06.global economic forces, but first of all, are these forces so powerful
:15:07. > :15:12.that we are helpless in the face of them. We are just small players in
:15:13. > :15:19.the face of global supply and demand and there is very little we can do.
:15:20. > :15:25.In the long term, not much things we can do. If this was oil we wouldn't
:15:26. > :15:30.be saying we have to do something to shore up the price of oil, or if it
:15:31. > :15:35.was call, so there are long-term forces which we have to learn to
:15:36. > :15:39.deal with. What could be done in a Welsh context? I think first of all
:15:40. > :15:44.infrastructure projects. We need to be making sure that Welsh steel is
:15:45. > :15:48.used in such projects. We don't agree with the that the Welsh
:15:49. > :15:55.government want to take but Welsh steel was being used and utilised in
:15:56. > :16:00.cases like the M4. We have also said we want to setup a not-for-profit
:16:01. > :16:03.energy companies to reinvest in the Welsh energy sector. Sweden and
:16:04. > :16:08.Norway and other countries do that well. We need to be looking at
:16:09. > :16:11.business rates in Wales. We recently got the power to vary business rates
:16:12. > :16:15.but the Welsh government are still sitting on that and that a year
:16:16. > :16:19.level we need to be much more robust in terms of the tariffs that could
:16:20. > :16:25.be put on other countries such as China and limiting how they are
:16:26. > :16:27.bumping the steel and also measures when they put those tariffs on
:16:28. > :16:35.countries like China. Just on these practical things when
:16:36. > :16:39.you look at trying to do something this is one of the big elements, the
:16:40. > :16:44.fact that British industry and certainly steel-making says we are
:16:45. > :16:46.paying because of our support for renewable energy, a much higher
:16:47. > :16:50.premium. Would that make a difference? If that premium wasn't
:16:51. > :16:53.clear wouldn't make a big difference to steel-making? Would make it a
:16:54. > :16:59.much easier business to start a factor in support? The thing is that
:17:00. > :17:02.in the long term we are talking about global forces and prices. Many
:17:03. > :17:06.of the things that have been mentioned just now and short-term
:17:07. > :17:12.effect and I think that is valid, and valuable. But you are in breach
:17:13. > :17:17.of European competition law most of the time and that is the problem
:17:18. > :17:22.that we face. If you were to have an infrastructure project, you can only
:17:23. > :17:26.insist that the public sector by Welsh and British Steel. You can't
:17:27. > :17:31.ask the private sector to do that and putting tariffs on Chinese steel
:17:32. > :17:34.doesn't make any difference in a single country context, because this
:17:35. > :17:39.is again a world problem. It is the world price. Chinese steel will go
:17:40. > :17:42.elsewhere if you put it harder for net and it is not as if we are just
:17:43. > :17:46.buying Chinese steel and that will still have a depressing effect on
:17:47. > :17:50.the world price of steel elsewhere, so whatever happens the price of
:17:51. > :17:53.steel has fallen. If you look at the charts there has been a dramatic
:17:54. > :17:57.fall and there is nothing we can do about this because there is a fallen
:17:58. > :19:27.world demand and a huge excess capacity in Chinese production.
:19:28. > :19:35.There are various inventive ways to do that but it is a short-term
:19:36. > :19:38.effect. Unless you keep building more and more infrastructure forever
:19:39. > :19:43.and keep on insisting on paying a premium above that of work prices at
:19:44. > :19:47.some point of time this has to come to an end. What you're doing is
:19:48. > :19:51.actually taking away the pain and making it easier to get to that
:19:52. > :19:58.point were eventually some adjustment has to be taken.
:19:59. > :20:02.Some viewers are listening and saying that this guy is discussing
:20:03. > :20:04.these forces are so great you can take some measures which might
:20:05. > :20:10.alleviate things but you are saying there is no real future as things
:20:11. > :20:13.stand for steel-making in Britain. I am not saying that but there is a
:20:14. > :20:20.depression in world demand under that carries on down there is no
:20:21. > :20:27.problem here but there is a problem that we can do much about it. There
:20:28. > :20:30.is domestic demand and you can increase demand for domestic
:20:31. > :20:35.production and there is a limit to that. You can't carry on doing that
:20:36. > :20:40.forever. Thank you both for coming in and we'll look forward to seeing
:20:41. > :20:43.what the working party does. Schoolchildren in Wales are not
:20:44. > :20:45.being taught enough about their own history according to a report
:20:46. > :20:51.written for the Welsh government more than 2.5 years ago. And now
:20:52. > :20:56.there are concerns about the lack of progress. The actor Johnny Owen
:20:57. > :21:06.returned home to Merthyr Tydfil to explain why the town's passed is
:21:07. > :21:09.worth learning about. This is the town where I was born
:21:10. > :21:13.and grew up. My friends are still here and it has been called one of
:21:14. > :21:18.the most important towns in German history. If you had told me when I
:21:19. > :21:21.was a school kid, I would probably have choked on my toast, but this is
:21:22. > :21:26.one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution. So where to
:21:27. > :21:30.start? How about the last bearded man to lead the Labour Party. He
:21:31. > :21:38.hasn't thought this thing through very carefully. No, not him. Keir
:21:39. > :21:44.Hardie, Labour's first ever MP made many a rousing speech from this very
:21:45. > :21:51.balcony. Not only that, the red flag of revolution was raised for the
:21:52. > :21:59.first time during the Merthyr rising when workers demanded better pay and
:22:00. > :22:07.conditions. We need more than a pub sign to remind us of that. Merthyr
:22:08. > :22:10.is the love stories like this that can inspire land reform and
:22:11. > :22:14.ultimately build you but you have to learn about them first. I want to
:22:15. > :22:17.find out if that is happening, whether kids really get the
:22:18. > :22:21.importance of their own history and what has really shaped the
:22:22. > :22:24.communities they live in. I have come back to where I went to school.
:22:25. > :22:36.I am going to talk to some of the GCSE students about what they learn
:22:37. > :22:43.in history class. You look very smart! That was my uniform, that
:22:44. > :22:47.was! I am from Merthyr, born and bred. I would be interested to find
:22:48. > :22:51.out, if you travel anywhere in the country or abroad, and you say you
:22:52. > :23:00.are from Merthyr, how do people react? A lot of people think drugs
:23:01. > :23:04.and alcohol and benefits, but the culture and history is brilliant.
:23:05. > :23:09.Merthyr was nothing before the Industrial Revolution and now it has
:23:10. > :23:16.got this reputation. It has still got that proud heritage we now have.
:23:17. > :23:19.I think if Merthyr can get a proud heritage like that then so can I.
:23:20. > :23:24.People need to learn more about what have people have done in the past in
:23:25. > :23:27.Merthyr and Wales and think to themselves, I do not have to move
:23:28. > :23:33.away to make a difference to the world. Their view goal. You just
:23:34. > :23:38.have to listen to that and you can see how the kids are. You just don't
:23:39. > :23:41.see that on other programmes, intelligent and bright and they have
:23:42. > :23:47.got all of their lives in front of them. They should have been inspired
:23:48. > :23:50.by what can happen in Merthyr before because they can achieve great
:23:51. > :23:58.things. They should know they can achieve anything. Really important.
:23:59. > :24:02.Merthyr is my patch but every part of Wales has its own part to play in
:24:03. > :24:07.our history. Surely our kids have the right to know it isn't just
:24:08. > :24:10.about kings and queens. It is about what happened on their doorsteps,
:24:11. > :24:15.the generations that went before them. The unions used to teach
:24:16. > :24:17.people there has to be at know it has to be about the education
:24:18. > :24:20.system. My grandfather used to say to me you
:24:21. > :24:25.cannot beat her stay and he is right. The sense of community forged
:24:26. > :24:29.by our forefathers can never be beaten. As long as we don't forget
:24:30. > :24:33.that. I believe it is the job of our schools to ensure that never
:24:34. > :24:39.happens. That was a very clear message and
:24:40. > :24:46.with me in the studio is Doctor Sian Williams from Cardiff Metropolitan
:24:47. > :24:49.University. Thank you for coming in. Those children in Merthyr made some
:24:50. > :24:53.interesting points. What are they learning in terms of Welsh history
:24:54. > :24:59.and are in the right place? I think it varies from school to school. The
:25:00. > :25:03.curriculum as it has been since 2008 emphasises on paper that it is
:25:04. > :25:07.supposed to be from the perspective of Wales and Britain within the
:25:08. > :25:12.wider world. But that doesn't happen across the board from my experience
:25:13. > :25:18.and also from the evidence we had when we had the finishing grip
:25:19. > :25:26.responding to the government back in 2013. I think it is variable. That
:25:27. > :25:29.is a bit depressing and if I think about my time in school all those
:25:30. > :25:36.years ago, Welsh history was seen as a bit of an eccentric ad on. Things
:25:37. > :25:40.are changing and what is important is a recognition now that we have
:25:41. > :25:44.got communities that were forged as part of key historical events, and
:25:45. > :25:48.we have got to in some ways relearn what those events world and make
:25:49. > :25:52.sure that pupils in those communities and the schools actually
:25:53. > :25:54.understand it and take pride in their communities but understand how
:25:55. > :26:01.those events have actually shaped their lives today. The new
:26:02. > :26:04.curriculum, I think there's a new confidence that partly comes from
:26:05. > :26:11.the devolution process as well, that we have actually got to have Welsh
:26:12. > :26:14.history not in isolation, as part of Britain and the world, but if we
:26:15. > :26:19.don't know our own local has if we don't know what we have contributed
:26:20. > :26:22.to the world... I think everyone would be understanding that and the
:26:23. > :26:28.point I would make is FB progress has been not satisfactory so far,
:26:29. > :26:32.what are the reasons for that? What is blocking that progress. There are
:26:33. > :26:37.several reasons and I think they are quite complex but I agree with you
:26:38. > :26:41.that local history is sometimes well-known locally and that is
:26:42. > :26:47.important but what is not as well taught as the links that are made
:26:48. > :26:52.between the local, the National, the entire relationship with other
:26:53. > :26:57.nations and the wider world. Is that going to a lack of expertise? The
:26:58. > :27:00.subject knowledge among teachers is one of the barriers and I think if
:27:01. > :27:05.you have really good subject knowledge and something you can be
:27:06. > :27:07.confident, you can bring in anecdotes, you can see which
:27:08. > :27:14.resources to select and make it interesting. I look through my
:27:15. > :27:17.constituency and see the history of William Price. Sometimes what is not
:27:18. > :27:24.understood as the importance of those events and the way the impact
:27:25. > :27:26.of the laws and society at the time. Some fantastically important
:27:27. > :27:30.political decisions made to legislation and the formation of the
:27:31. > :27:35.Labour Party. We can know very little about it. Our schools
:27:36. > :27:38.themselves should cover not just what happened that those events but
:27:39. > :27:42.what they actually meant and how those events have changed their
:27:43. > :27:45.lives today, and it is bring about that knowledge which is important
:27:46. > :27:50.and our schools. What could make a big difference in terms of not just
:27:51. > :27:54.the way the subject is taught in schools but the leadership given.
:27:55. > :27:59.You have been an influential position, what is going on in terms
:28:00. > :28:03.of encouraging teachers and schools to pursue this area more
:28:04. > :28:05.enthusiastically? I have been involved in teacher education and
:28:06. > :28:11.one of the things is to help teachers themselves", perhaps
:28:12. > :28:15.linking with other schools and having not so much advisers but
:28:16. > :28:23.people perhaps it can lead on which resources to use and how they might
:28:24. > :28:26.refocus some of their schemes of work to teach from a more Welsh
:28:27. > :28:31.perspective. There's another point you have raised in the past which is
:28:32. > :28:34.to do with the nature of the teaching, the flavour of the
:28:35. > :28:40.teaching to put it that way. What was your concern? My concern is
:28:41. > :28:45.history is really about people's lives, things that have shaped lives
:28:46. > :28:48.and society, and what we have done is romanticised history around kings
:28:49. > :28:53.and queens and princes and big battles and so on, and I think we
:28:54. > :28:58.have got to get history back into reality and what has Wales
:28:59. > :29:01.contributed. At the forefront of the Industrial Revolution, even sending
:29:02. > :29:07.people to different parts of the world, America and Australia.
:29:08. > :29:11.There's a whole history that I don't think we fully appreciate and
:29:12. > :29:16.understand, but we have got to get back in classrooms, because I think
:29:17. > :29:20.it gives young people pride in their communities, or pride about our
:29:21. > :29:23.place in the world. And they are fantastic stories as well and hugely
:29:24. > :29:30.enjoyable so nice to talk pupils. Thank you. If you'd like to get in
:29:31. > :29:36.touch with us e-mail us. Or you can follow us on social media. We will
:29:37. > :29:43.be back next week but until then, thanks for watching. Nos da, good
:29:44. > :29:47.night.