:00:00. > :00:07.Should you automatically be allowed to live in the UK
:00:08. > :00:10.if your partner is a British citizen?
:00:11. > :00:41.And how new research into the care of premature babies can save lives.
:00:42. > :00:43.Laura's stepping in for Shereen for this week.
:00:44. > :00:48.And I'm looking forward to hearing what you've been
:00:49. > :00:51.which we'll see a little later in the show.
:00:52. > :00:54.That's right, and comedian Jo Brand has been talking
:00:55. > :01:04.mental health and her father's struggle with depression.
:01:05. > :01:11.I was frightened of him. It's quite a weird ring being frightened of
:01:12. > :01:13.your own dad and it took him years to seek help.
:01:14. > :01:15.But first - when Gordon and Sarah Brown's baby Jennifer died
:01:16. > :01:18.after being born prematurely, Sarah made it her mission to help
:01:19. > :01:22.It's more common than you might think.
:01:23. > :01:26.So let's take a look at the numbers at the screen.
:01:27. > :01:30.60,000 babies in the UK will be born prematurely each year -
:01:31. > :01:35.so before the 37th week of pregnancy.
:01:36. > :01:39.20% of babies born prematurely will die in their first month,
:01:40. > :01:41.but even if they survive they're at increased risk of developing
:01:42. > :01:49.That's where neonatal units come in - they're specially set up
:01:50. > :01:58.We've got 15 neonatal units here in Scotland.
:01:59. > :02:01.Sarah Brown set up a research laboratory in Jennifer's name
:02:02. > :02:09.at one of those neonatal units, in Edinburgh.
:02:10. > :02:29.Along with Catherine Smith whose daughter was saved by research
:02:30. > :02:32.carried out by the unit. We've looked at areas around infection,
:02:33. > :02:39.around consequences for babies born to early, with brain development and
:02:40. > :02:46.eyesight development, which are the very last to develop. We've also
:02:47. > :02:51.looked at oxygen levels around neonatal units. That have to look
:02:52. > :02:55.after babies born very early need to mimic the same environment as the so
:02:56. > :03:03.babies can keep those last few weeks of development to go home a bit and
:03:04. > :03:08.healthy. Oxygen level in those incubators is absolutely critical.
:03:09. > :03:11.Our laboratory has been a key player in investigating that. It's a
:03:12. > :03:15.sophisticated environment that needs a lot of knowledge and data and we
:03:16. > :03:20.have been contributing to that knowledge. Have you any idea how
:03:21. > :03:26.many lives might have been saved as a result of the research? Absolutely
:03:27. > :03:32.not and I don't suppose we ever will but we know that babies that need to
:03:33. > :03:36.be cared for in a special care unit, maybe a quarter of babies in the
:03:37. > :03:41.country will need a small amount of time, they will need that extra
:03:42. > :03:46.support and babies born very early will have an extended stay and need
:03:47. > :03:51.a lot of looking after. Catherine, you have reason to be grateful for
:03:52. > :03:57.this research. What happened when your baby was born? She was very
:03:58. > :04:03.small. She was 750 grams, she went into the sort of care that Sarah as
:04:04. > :04:07.described, an incubator. When you are sitting beside her everyday,
:04:08. > :04:12.just looking, because that is all you can do. Realising the incredibly
:04:13. > :04:18.careful control of the oxygen which is being monitored by a machine, it
:04:19. > :04:24.had been changed recently and was improved because of the research lab
:04:25. > :04:30.and it was incredibly meaningful. Catherine wrote to you and Gordon.
:04:31. > :04:34.What did she say in her letter? Her letter arrived and Gordon opened it
:04:35. > :04:39.and shared it. She said that Allah had arrived and was driving and they
:04:40. > :04:47.were looking forward to her going home in the near future. It makes me
:04:48. > :04:54.very proud that our lab -- Ella. It makes me very proud that our lab has
:04:55. > :05:01.helped with that. It is very important for babies in the future.
:05:02. > :05:07.You looked into the incubator where your baby was. Anxious times to see
:05:08. > :05:14.her improve. What is that experience like? It's pretty difficult. At some
:05:15. > :05:18.point you come to realise that it might be OK and it happens
:05:19. > :05:27.gradually. That is what happened with Ella. She had a slow and steady
:05:28. > :05:31.progress which was easier than a lot of other experiences where there are
:05:32. > :05:37.a lot of emergencies and difficulties. There are a lot of
:05:38. > :05:41.stories. The majority, from my experience, do not have the sort of
:05:42. > :05:46.happy ending that minded. That is happening right beside you. That is
:05:47. > :05:51.when you start to get passionate about the work that Sarah is doing
:05:52. > :05:55.because while the care from my perspective was incredible, I can't
:05:56. > :06:02.believe that they saved. I still can't believe it. But they save all
:06:03. > :06:08.the babies. 15 years on, I don't imagine you can ever get over the
:06:09. > :06:14.loss of a child. How did you reflect on that? Our baby Jennifer was born
:06:15. > :06:20.early and we had a precious ten days with that and thanks to the
:06:21. > :06:24.extraordinary care that we received from the NHS nurses and midwives
:06:25. > :06:30.around us, we were able to have those days. That is very precious to
:06:31. > :06:35.ours. But the loss is very deep and will be with as always. We have two
:06:36. > :06:39.amazing songs but we also have Jennifer in our hearts. More than
:06:40. > :06:41.that, the work that goes through the Jennifer Brown research lab is very
:06:42. > :06:45.important. If you've been affected by any
:06:46. > :06:48.of the issues we've been discussing and would like details
:06:49. > :06:51.of organisations which offer advice and support you can go
:06:52. > :06:54.online Or you can call free
:06:55. > :06:57.any time to hear recorded so we've been asking you to tell us
:06:58. > :07:05.what you've been reading. Lots of really interesting tweets
:07:06. > :07:10.from you - this from Holly, who said she's reading "anything
:07:11. > :07:25.by Diana Gabladon - love her books." The badger is waiting for a people's
:07:26. > :07:31.tragedy, the Russian Revolution. Well done to you.
:07:32. > :07:33.JD Robertson is currently reading Homegoing by Yaa Gyasi -
:07:34. > :07:36.which he says is a very well written book
:07:37. > :07:38.with a different perspective on slavery.
:07:39. > :07:50.What have you been reading? I read The Girl On The Train and I am about
:07:51. > :07:52.to read a book about American first ladies.
:07:53. > :07:54.The famous Glasgow gangster Jimmy Boyle
:07:55. > :07:55.was called "Scotland's most dangerous man"
:07:56. > :07:58.at one point in the '60s and '70s.
:07:59. > :08:00.And the story of his marriage to Sara Trevelyan made
:08:01. > :08:05.They tied the knot when Jimmy was out on day release,
:08:06. > :08:07.during his prison sentence for murder.
:08:08. > :08:10.Sara has written a book about what happened once Jimmy left
:08:11. > :08:28.Turn the clock back a bit. How did you to get together in the first
:08:29. > :08:31.base? I read his book. A Sense Of Freedom an extraordinary achievement
:08:32. > :08:36.that he had it published when still in prison. As a consequence of that
:08:37. > :08:40.and my interest in prison, I ended up visiting him in the Barlinnie
:08:41. > :08:45.special unit. We probably wouldn't have seen each other again if we
:08:46. > :08:48.hadn't been working in therapeutic communities as a junior doctor. I
:08:49. > :08:58.was working at a hospital call a link to an -- called Ingleton in the
:08:59. > :09:02.Borders. It was a therapeutic community contact within the prison.
:09:03. > :09:08.Then I met Jimmy for a second time and he invited me to visit. Which I
:09:09. > :09:16.did. Well, the rest is history. We obviously it it off. What was your
:09:17. > :09:23.life like as a couple together? You were under a lot of scrutiny. We
:09:24. > :09:28.went through many phases. The first part of our marriage, Jimmy was in a
:09:29. > :09:33.special unit. Conditions in the unit were very exceptional and they
:09:34. > :09:36.allowed prisoners to have relationships with families in a way
:09:37. > :09:42.that was quite remarkable in terms of the rest of the prison system. It
:09:43. > :09:48.was looked on as important in prison rehabilitation. Then he was sent
:09:49. > :09:53.back to the mainstream system to be tested. The visiting requirement
:09:54. > :10:00.there was an hour a month. From being able to see him every day it
:10:01. > :10:04.was a genetic change. That wasn't an easy time. Then he was eventually
:10:05. > :10:11.released and we needed to decide what we were going to do together.
:10:12. > :10:15.We ended up establishing this centre in Edinburgh called the Gateway
:10:16. > :10:18.exchange. We needed to have somewhere where people leaving
:10:19. > :10:26.institutions could go to. Due believe there is enough
:10:27. > :10:30.rehabilitation in the system now? We know that everybody in the system
:10:31. > :10:35.has potential and we wanted to put the emphasis on realising that
:10:36. > :10:38.potential. To some extent, the Scottish prisons are changing. They
:10:39. > :10:42.are very different than they were at that time but there is still a lot
:10:43. > :10:47.more that can be done to encourage that potential and support prisoners
:10:48. > :10:53.when they come out of prison. How long did you and Jimmy have together
:10:54. > :10:57.and why did you split up? We had 20 years together and that is a good
:10:58. > :11:01.length of relationship these days. We had a good marriage for the most
:11:02. > :11:04.part but we came from very different backgrounds and overtime that
:11:05. > :11:11.started to tell and we were going in different directions. Do you keep in
:11:12. > :11:16.touch? I still have occasional contact with him. He has read the
:11:17. > :11:20.book. He said it was well-written and he said that I could have
:11:21. > :11:24.written more about the good times. He spoke for many things in his life
:11:25. > :11:33.and he said he wished he fought more for me. Why did you write it?
:11:34. > :11:39.Initially, for our children who had only known their father out of
:11:40. > :11:43.prison. I wanted them to know it from my own experience. Then people
:11:44. > :11:47.thought it had a wider significance and that is why it is in the form of
:11:48. > :11:49.a book and I'll be putting it out. Thank you very much for coming to
:11:50. > :11:52.talk to us. Coming up in a bit, we'll be hearing
:11:53. > :11:55.from another author - But she's not the only star
:11:56. > :11:58.in Scotland this week. Actors Robert Downey Jr
:11:59. > :12:02.and Scarlett Johansson are coming to Cumbernauld,
:12:03. > :12:04.to film their new Avengers movie. The town has won the
:12:05. > :12:10.Carbuncle award twice. We asked some locals
:12:11. > :12:28.what they should do If they want to go sightseeing,
:12:29. > :12:42.there's some questionable architecture. You can go from walk.
:12:43. > :12:48.The stables. A nice walk. My spear. The cafe upstairs is amazing. The
:12:49. > :12:57.lodge is quite nice. I'm sure they would like to go to some pubs that
:12:58. > :13:09.have just opened. The restaurants and clubs in Glasgow. There's
:13:10. > :13:14.nowhere in common all. Burger King, KFC, McDonald's. Other than that,
:13:15. > :13:22.Wetherspoon 's. The Wetherspoon is at the very end is nice and it is
:13:23. > :13:30.not expensive. The hotel is a nice relaxed atmosphere. I don't actually
:13:31. > :13:43.stay in common old is a roller disco opened up. -- in
:13:44. > :13:46.You might remember this from last week's show we spoke
:13:47. > :13:48.to Tristan and Finlay, the two lads from Dundee
:13:49. > :13:51.whose video of them doing yoga in kilts went viral.
:13:52. > :13:53.It has now had over 48 million views.
:13:54. > :13:56.Well, a little bit later we will see the work of two
:13:57. > :13:59.Edinburgh tour guides, Cameron and Bill, whose parody
:14:00. > :14:01.video is also proving a bit of a sensation.
:14:02. > :14:25.I'm not sure what to say about that but it inspired you to go to yoga. I
:14:26. > :14:31.went to my first class this week but I have a bit of a shoulder injury.
:14:32. > :14:34.Imagine you come to the UK to work or study, meet someone you love,
:14:35. > :14:36.get married and make plans to live happily ever after.
:14:37. > :14:40.If one of you is from outside the EU though, it may not be
:14:41. > :14:43.Robert and Adam married two years ago, but are now living
:14:44. > :15:02.We met in a bar in Glasgow. We hit it off pretty quickly. I first came
:15:03. > :15:06.to the UK to study veterinary medicine at the University of
:15:07. > :15:14.Glasgow. I was on my student Visa when we decided to get married. We
:15:15. > :15:21.spoke to the Home Office in March 2015. Three months before we got
:15:22. > :15:26.married. After graduation, I called up and after three hours of
:15:27. > :15:33.conversations, someone came back and said which form to use. There was a
:15:34. > :15:39.long period of waiting for that. Six months. Eventually through speaking
:15:40. > :15:44.to our local MP, she got a response from the Home Office. They said it
:15:45. > :15:49.looked to be the wrong paperwork. Two weeks later, we got the official
:15:50. > :15:59.letter from the Home Office saying it was the wrong application and it
:16:00. > :16:02.was rejected. I found the whole office very disorganised. The Home
:16:03. > :16:08.Office don't like to give information out. We got the final
:16:09. > :16:18.decision letter in the middle of December. We sought legal advice.
:16:19. > :16:24.They said we would need to apply right away using a different
:16:25. > :16:31.application form. Because it was over 28 days from when the letter
:16:32. > :16:40.was dated, I was technically and overstay and I had no status in the
:16:41. > :16:45.UK. I believe the basic premise was if you don't allow this person to
:16:46. > :16:51.remain with their spouse in the UK, your breaking up an existing family
:16:52. > :16:55.life. Lawyers said because he had no status and was past the 28 day
:16:56. > :17:05.window, that was the only form that was left to us. We were never told I
:17:06. > :17:16.had to leave. Within the six-month processing time. The lawyers said
:17:17. > :17:23.that it had been rejected. The explanation was weird. The points
:17:24. > :17:37.they brought up soon and prejudice things, like the fact we don't have
:17:38. > :17:40.a child. Adam does not have citizenship. They said that even
:17:41. > :17:49.though we got married, there is no guarantee would have been allowed to
:17:50. > :17:53.stay and I shouldn't have applied. We had to go through background
:17:54. > :17:59.checks to get married. The rejection letter said it was not an
:18:00. > :18:05.unsurmountable obstacle for me to move to America. They are suggesting
:18:06. > :18:12.a British citizen should leave the country because they have decided to
:18:13. > :18:16.reject an American spouse's application. There is a lot of
:18:17. > :18:24.uncertainty in the LGBT community in America. We have a lot of
:18:25. > :18:31.protections against that in the UK. It was very stressful. I have had
:18:32. > :18:38.problems in the past with stress alopecia. Eyelashes and eyebrows. It
:18:39. > :18:44.started happening again. The stress was building up. It affected us as a
:18:45. > :18:51.couple. There would be times where we would be Thames with each other.
:18:52. > :18:55.It was like a constant weight for a result on something. Never-ending.
:18:56. > :18:57.So is the immigration process as simple and
:18:58. > :19:08.We asked the Home Office for a statement and we await their answer.
:19:09. > :19:11.It costs ?1,195 to apply for a family visa, with no
:19:12. > :19:15.Last year, nearly 65,000 people applied for a visa to live
:19:16. > :19:17.permanently in the UK, for all sorts of reasons,
:19:18. > :19:20.Of those, 6,500 people were granted a family visa,
:19:21. > :19:22.so to live with a family member in the UK.
:19:23. > :19:27.But look at that drop from 2015 - a 60% fall.
:19:28. > :19:29.So are people being put off applying to live
:19:30. > :19:40.Let's talk it over with the human rights lawyer Aamer Anwar.
:19:41. > :19:49.What do you make of the individual case? Very sad. Inhumane. The Home
:19:50. > :19:55.Office decision is arbitrary. There is no rhyme or reason. Sadly it is
:19:56. > :20:01.yet an example of thousands of other individuals, couples and families
:20:02. > :20:06.who face similar treatment. Surely people watching must be thinking, if
:20:07. > :20:11.you're married to a UK citizen, you should be able to live in this
:20:12. > :20:17.country with no issue. The Home Office changed the rules in 2012.
:20:18. > :20:20.They introduced a whole series of rules, one of which was that they
:20:21. > :20:27.plucked a figure from the sky and said you had to be earning a minimum
:20:28. > :20:32.of ?18,600. In order to be able to have this spouse stay in the
:20:33. > :20:38.country. The argument was the spies should not be a burden on taxpayers.
:20:39. > :20:44.Prior to that, you were not allowed to claim benefits anyway. 99.9% of
:20:45. > :20:47.these couples and families are law-abiding and have gone through
:20:48. > :20:51.the rules and tried to apply the rules. But for some reason the Home
:20:52. > :20:58.Office refuses their right to stay in the country and the breaking up
:20:59. > :21:09.families left, right and centre. In this case we are talking about a vet
:21:10. > :21:15.who earns well. It seems to be arbitrary decisions taken by
:21:16. > :21:20.faceless officials. The rank hypocrisy from that case in the
:21:21. > :21:24.United States, for our Home Office officials to see the British citizen
:21:25. > :21:29.should leave and go to the United States, up sticks and just go and
:21:30. > :21:33.stay another government. But we're not willing to take somebody who has
:21:34. > :21:38.been working here, living here aren't working and is willing to pay
:21:39. > :21:43.their taxes. The bottom line here is quite simply the UK Government
:21:44. > :21:46.doesn't want British citizens to marry foreigners. They can't stop
:21:47. > :21:52.that happening, so they don't want them to settle with spaces in this
:21:53. > :21:57.country. They want the British citizen to leave this country, then
:21:58. > :22:06.so be it because it meets ill-advised immigration targets.
:22:07. > :22:10.Thank you very much for coming in. You're welcome. Thank you.
:22:11. > :22:13.The comedian Jo Brand has been in Glasgow this week,
:22:14. > :22:14.ahead of Comic Relief's Red Nose Day.
:22:15. > :22:17.She met volunteers at See Me, the charity which supports people
:22:18. > :22:19.with mental health issues, and compered a comedy gig
:22:20. > :22:23.John Beattie went along for Timeline, and started by asking
:22:24. > :22:25.about the funding Red Nose Day gives to See Me.
:22:26. > :22:32.Comic Relief is helping to fund this project. Almere at the Scottish
:22:33. > :22:37.Association of mental health, we met some young people who have been
:22:38. > :22:41.through the project and received support. The passing on their
:22:42. > :22:48.experience and helping to put together plans which will encourage
:22:49. > :22:51.teenagers who also are similar problems and find it difficult to
:22:52. > :23:01.talk about them to go further and get support. I read up about you
:23:02. > :23:06.beforehand. I hope it was all good! Did you read about my spell as Miss
:23:07. > :23:15.world, spreading peace and love? What did you read? Father, like my
:23:16. > :23:18.father, would sit quietly for a while and then had terrible
:23:19. > :23:24.tantrums. Has that formed you? The fact that your father would go off
:23:25. > :23:28.the handle? It had a huge impact on my life. When I was a teenager and
:23:29. > :23:34.my father's depression was severe but he was too ashamed to seek any
:23:35. > :23:39.help for it, he had the most appalling temper. The entire family
:23:40. > :23:44.tiptoed around him. I was frightened of them. It's quite a weird thing,
:23:45. > :23:48.being frightened of your own dad. It took him years to seek help. I think
:23:49. > :23:55.he was worried about what people at work would think of them whether he
:23:56. > :24:01.would lose his job. This was kind of the 1960s and 70s. Are very
:24:02. > :24:05.different time. You have this unenviable role of making people
:24:06. > :24:13.laugh. Can you bring a lot of mental health issues into humour? Is that
:24:14. > :24:17.half? I think you can. Somebody asked me recently, are there any
:24:18. > :24:25.subject in comedy that are taboo? I don't think they are. It depends on
:24:26. > :24:29.your attitude towards them. Race, culture, sexuality, anything really.
:24:30. > :24:39.It is all dependent on what your attitude is. When I talk about
:24:40. > :24:42.mental health, I try and see it from the side of People's ignorance
:24:43. > :24:44.really because the one thing that worries me is people know so little
:24:45. > :24:49.about it. They are frightened of it. They don't really know what it
:24:50. > :24:55.means, they tend to get drawn in by the sort of tabloid portrayal of it,
:24:56. > :25:00.which is always, let's be honest, for our entertainment rather than to
:25:01. > :25:06.educate his. They tend to make people with mental health problems
:25:07. > :25:12.like murderous, monstrous or comical. There is a huge drive
:25:13. > :25:19.nowadays for people to talk about this. Thinking back your days as a
:25:20. > :25:27.psychiatric nurse... They do talk about it now. My daughters go on the
:25:28. > :25:35.YouTube and watch videos of those who have anxiety, depression,
:25:36. > :25:41.anorexia. A lot of them speak openly about this. It helps girls of this
:25:42. > :25:46.age a lot, seeing other people having similar problems. Listening
:25:47. > :25:50.to their advice can only be helpful. Scotland is the only country that
:25:51. > :25:58.doesn't have a counselling service for youngsters who are experiencing
:25:59. > :26:02.these problems. This is a terrible thing to say, but in England we
:26:03. > :26:06.virtually don't either. It comes back to prioritising how you spend
:26:07. > :26:11.your money. I think the problem is that our government has certainly
:26:12. > :26:20.cut mental health services to the bone. And particularly adolescent
:26:21. > :26:24.mental health services are virtually nonexistent. To the extent that you
:26:25. > :26:29.are finding kids who need to be admitted have to travel 200 miles to
:26:30. > :26:35.find somewhere with a bed. If you are referred for counselling, nine
:26:36. > :26:38.months later you still haven't seen anybody. I know it is easy to say
:26:39. > :26:44.throw some more money at it, but to some extent that is the answer
:26:45. > :26:49.because you just need more people doing the job. I really enjoyed you
:26:50. > :26:58.walking all those miles for Comic Relief. Did you think I was nice and
:26:59. > :27:05.cheerful? ! It was grim. I started every day with a cheery smile and a
:27:06. > :27:12.happy heart. Walking 14 hours a day is really hard. I could do it fairly
:27:13. > :27:16.easily if people didn't talks to me. But unfortunately people would come
:27:17. > :27:22.up and try to spur me on. I wanted to bottle then, I'm not joking. I
:27:23. > :27:28.was so grumpy by the end of it. I tried my best. I think I only told
:27:29. > :27:38.one person to... Off in the whole week. Thank you for coming. Have a
:27:39. > :27:42.great night. Nice to meet you. Thank you very much.
:27:43. > :27:44.That's almost it for us this week here on Timeline.
:27:45. > :27:48.You can let us know what you want us to follow up, through our Facebook
:27:49. > :27:50.and Twitter timelines, or you can email us
:27:51. > :27:53.But, before we go - two Edinburgh tour guides have
:27:54. > :27:56.done their own kilted yoga video, after the viral sensation of Tristan
:27:57. > :28:05.and Finlay from Dundee got nearly 50 million hits.
:28:06. > :29:05.Pittodrie Stadium is the venue for Scottish Cup quarterfinal action.
:29:06. > :29:10.Partick Thistle travel to the Granite City
:29:11. > :29:13.with a place in the semifinals at stake.