30/11/2015

:00:00. > :00:09.I am Joanna Gosling in for Victoria.

:00:10. > :00:16.This morning, would you back a 20% tax on sugary drinks?

:00:17. > :00:19.The food and drink industry say it won't work and will simply

:00:20. > :00:23.But a group of MPs this morning are calling on Government to introduce

:00:24. > :00:36.I am the chair of the Commons health Select Committee and we feel it's

:00:37. > :00:41.time for bold and brave action because the problem has become so

:00:42. > :00:42.bad now for chirp particularly in primary schools.

:00:43. > :00:46.-- children. We will speak to Sarah Woollaston

:00:47. > :00:49.in her first TV interview All this week we're looking

:00:50. > :00:52.at the best ways of tackling childhood obesity from

:00:53. > :00:55.reducing the amount of sugar in food Today we report from

:00:56. > :01:06.inside an anti-obesity class. Taking grapes to eat on the way

:01:07. > :01:07.around made it easier to discourage the pretty flashing lights of the

:01:08. > :01:10.chocolates. As Labour continue to fight

:01:11. > :01:13.about air strikes against so-called Islamic State

:01:14. > :01:25.in Syria, our audience of voters I am a kf councillor and I think two

:01:26. > :01:32.weeks after the Paris atrocities the case for extending air strikes in

:01:33. > :01:36.Syria has been made. I am from the Stop the War

:01:37. > :01:40.coalition, we believe it's essential that we do not wage another war.

:01:41. > :01:42.And coming up later, for the first time ever a court has

:01:43. > :01:45.awarded damages to someone who felt pressured into sexting.

:01:46. > :01:52.We will speak to the pupil at the centre of the case.

:01:53. > :02:00.Just asked me to send him pictures of me with my underwear on or

:02:01. > :02:04.something like that, that's how it started and it got worse and worse.

:02:05. > :02:17.He said, yeah, can you send me a picture of you like naked and that.

:02:18. > :02:22.We are on BBC Two and the BBC News channel until 11.00 am this morning.

:02:23. > :02:24.Throughout the morning we will keep you up to

:02:25. > :02:26.date with the latest breaking news and developing stories.

:02:27. > :02:33.We'll be live in Paris where a climate change

:02:34. > :02:44.conference gets under way and we'll bring you the result of a

:02:45. > :02:46.case challenging Northern Ireland's abortion laws due at around 9.30.

:02:47. > :02:49.Plus, in the next hour, we'll bring you an interview with a very

:02:50. > :02:55.jubilant Andy Murray who has just helped Britain win the Davis Cup.

:02:56. > :02:57.We really want to hear from you on all

:02:58. > :03:01.Do get in touch in the usual ways, texts will be charged

:03:02. > :03:05.Of course, you can watch the programme online wherever you are

:03:06. > :03:12.You can also subscribe to our features.

:03:13. > :03:15.A 20% tax on sugary drinks should be introduced as part of

:03:16. > :03:18.bold and urgent measures to tackle child obesity in England. That's the

:03:19. > :03:21.verdict of a new report by MPs who say there is now compelling

:03:22. > :03:24.evidence a tax would reduce the amount of sugar people consume. But

:03:25. > :03:29.critics say it would simply end up punishing consumers.

:03:30. > :03:36.As well as a tax, MPs are also calling for a crackdown on price

:03:37. > :03:39.promotions of unhealthy foods. Tougher controls on marketing,

:03:40. > :03:43.including the use of cartoon characters to promote unhealthy

:03:44. > :03:49.food, and a ban on advertising unhealthy foods on television before

:03:50. > :03:53.9.00pm. Clearer labelling of products showing sugar content in

:03:54. > :03:56.teaspoons, a drive to force industry to reduce sugar in food and drink as

:03:57. > :04:02.has happened with salt. As always, we are keen to hear from

:04:03. > :04:08.you. Would you back a tax on suingary drinks? Get in touch. We

:04:09. > :04:10.are looking at the best way of tackling childhood obesity and will

:04:11. > :04:14.look at those things and investigate whether the industry can do more to

:04:15. > :04:18.take sugar out of foods. Let us know what you think about all those

:04:19. > :04:21.elements. Now our reporter looks at the

:04:22. > :04:29.arguments for a sugar tax. One medical condition will soon cost

:04:30. > :04:37.us more than smoking, war, The country's most senior doctor has

:04:38. > :04:45.warned that overweight is fast becoming the norm in British

:04:46. > :04:53.society. So the question for Government,

:04:54. > :04:57.for doctors, for the food industry and for us -

:04:58. > :05:01.how do we start to tackle what many think is the biggest threat to

:05:02. > :05:05.public health of the 21st century? Like millions of us,

:05:06. > :05:11.the Broomhill family in Swindon are Do you want the end

:05:12. > :05:20.of this cauliflower? When Amanda's daughter Bernie was

:05:21. > :05:22.still at school, a letter arrived from the local

:05:23. > :05:26.authority - it was a warning that It's a controversial idea,

:05:27. > :05:34.but Amanda says it did encourage her I was preparing the wrong food, my

:05:35. > :05:40.portion sizes were well up there. We were eating too much and not

:05:41. > :05:43.doing enough, simple as that. It was my fault, and I needed to

:05:44. > :05:51.see where I was going wrong. She is at that age where I can nip

:05:52. > :05:54.it in the bud, It's easier to deal with when they

:05:55. > :05:59.are children than at 12 years old. Government figures out last week

:06:00. > :06:02.showed that when they start primary school, a fifth of children

:06:03. > :06:06.are now overweight or obese. By the time they move

:06:07. > :06:10.on to secondary, that has shot up to I still want to have

:06:11. > :06:18.the odd McDonald's, or order a few pizzas instead

:06:19. > :06:24.of making pasta with vegetables. But you've just got to think, I

:06:25. > :06:29.don't want to go back to how things were when I was having a whole pizza

:06:30. > :06:32.to myself at 12 years old. I remember going into

:06:33. > :06:34.the supermarket and looking around And normally,

:06:35. > :06:47.that would be a big bottle of Coke, or going to the chocolate aisle

:06:48. > :06:50.and finding the cheapest chocolate That substance, sugar, is now

:06:51. > :06:57.at the heart of this whole debate. Our children are taking in nearly

:06:58. > :07:00.three times the amount they should, and that, say doctors, is storing

:07:01. > :07:04.up problems for later in life. Well, the Health Secretary in that

:07:05. > :07:12.building behind me has talked about childhood obesity as the biggest

:07:13. > :07:16.public health challenge of our time. A new Government strategy into

:07:17. > :07:19.that is expected early next year. Before that, though, a powerful,

:07:20. > :07:21.independent group Today's report from the Health

:07:22. > :07:30.Select Committee backs restrictions on cut-price supermarket deals,

:07:31. > :07:36.and possible regulation to force But perhaps the most controversial

:07:37. > :07:42.recommendation is a new tax Set at 20%, that would take

:07:43. > :07:46.a bottle of full-fat Coke or Pepsi It's an idea they have tried

:07:47. > :07:55.in other places. In Mexico, a 10% tax lead to

:07:56. > :08:03.a 6% fall in consumption. But the food industry hates it,

:08:04. > :08:07.saying a tax will just push up If you start adding cost to tax,

:08:08. > :08:16.you actually hit the lowest income consumers harder,

:08:17. > :08:19.which doesn't seem fair to me. Isn't it basic economics that

:08:20. > :08:23.if you make something more But why penalise responsible

:08:24. > :08:27.consumers through price to If you look at the alcohol business,

:08:28. > :08:35.excise duty has increased It rarely has a big impact on the

:08:36. > :08:41.actual amount of alcohol consumed. The thing that changes the way we

:08:42. > :08:44.drink alcohol is consumer choice, Today's report says that tax

:08:45. > :08:49.on sugary drinks would send out MPs want it in place as swiftly

:08:50. > :08:56.as possible, with all money raised But new taxes are rarely popular,

:08:57. > :09:05.and for the moment, David Cameron is ruling it out, saying there are

:09:06. > :09:11.better ways to tackle obesity. The other headline-grabbing change

:09:12. > :09:13.wanted by the committee is They say the traffic light

:09:14. > :09:16.system used on some products They backed the idea put forward

:09:17. > :09:23.by the TV chef Jamie Oliver, shown here giving evidence

:09:24. > :09:35.in front of the committee. Teaspoons

:09:36. > :09:36.of sugar would be displayed on the front of the pack, giving

:09:37. > :09:40.a clear idea of what is inside. If you want clear information that

:09:41. > :09:42.is how much sugar is In fact,

:09:43. > :09:47.the food industry is furious about this, saying MPs have swallowed

:09:48. > :09:50.the agenda of campaigners and don't Today's report also says education

:09:51. > :09:56.has an important role to play The problem is,

:09:57. > :10:02.most of the schemes around at the So at this children's centre

:10:03. > :10:05.in Haringey, On this eight-week course,

:10:06. > :10:15.dreamed up by the charity Henry, toddlers and their families get to

:10:16. > :10:18.sit down for a healthy lunch, Then parents are taken away,

:10:19. > :10:31.while the kids are cared for. For an hour, there is an intensive

:10:32. > :10:34.lesson in healthy eating. Everything from portion

:10:35. > :10:40.size to reading the label. I tend to look at my own history and

:10:41. > :10:44.my own background and how obesity sort of runs in our family, and how

:10:45. > :10:47.I have a problem with obesity. There is a lot of stuff you think

:10:48. > :10:52.you know, and then you try and put it in place and you're not sure

:10:53. > :10:55.if you're doing the right thing. So coming here has made

:10:56. > :11:02.me feel more confident. I take it with me that he can eat

:11:03. > :11:05.on the way round. That made it easier to discourage

:11:06. > :11:14.the pretty flashing lights obesity strategy next year, it will

:11:15. > :11:21.target children at primary school. Here, they say that is not good

:11:22. > :11:23.enough, and it's important to The earlier you can build

:11:24. > :11:27.good habits, the better. And

:11:28. > :11:29.if you are able to give your child a variety of vegetables and fruits and

:11:30. > :11:32.different foods, and also get them into different activities from a

:11:33. > :11:35.younger age, there are more likely Is there a danger that people who

:11:36. > :11:44.sign up for courses like this end up being the ones who are engaged

:11:45. > :11:51.to begin with, and want to change? Maybe in other programmes,

:11:52. > :11:55.but in Haringey, most of the parents who come onto

:11:56. > :11:58.the programme are not experts. They come on because they are

:11:59. > :12:03.not sure and really need help. Some doctors have warned that rising

:12:04. > :12:06.obesity means this generation may That fact, like many in this debate,

:12:07. > :12:13.is heavily disputed. Very soon,

:12:14. > :12:17.we find out what the Government Doctors, politicians and parents all

:12:18. > :12:33.say the scale of the problem means At the moment a fifth of children

:12:34. > :12:38.start primary school overweight or obese. That rises to a third by the

:12:39. > :12:46.time they leave. Would a sugar tax help to tackle childhood obesity? Dr

:12:47. > :12:49.Sarah Woollaston is a former GP and now a Conservative MP, who is the

:12:50. > :12:52.chair of the Commons Select Committee. She joins us now in her

:12:53. > :12:57.first TV interview since the publication of the report. 20% tax

:12:58. > :13:03.on drinks what difference would it make? It will help to nudge people

:13:04. > :13:08.to make healthier choices, if you choose a sugar-free product, you

:13:09. > :13:12.wouldn't have to pay tax at all. If there is a small price

:13:13. > :13:16.differentential you can nudge people into taking a different choice and

:13:17. > :13:20.taking out sugar from children's diet. Nearly a third of children's

:13:21. > :13:26.sugar intake coming from suingary drinks. A lot of people don't like,

:13:27. > :13:31.it because it will hit the poorest the hardest? What's regressive is

:13:32. > :13:34.the fact at the moment the most disadvantaged children are leaving

:13:35. > :13:38.primary school obese, not just overweight but obese and that's got

:13:39. > :13:42.huge consequences for their whole lives. What we feel is it's

:13:43. > :13:46.unacceptable gap opening up here and that's the regressive part as we see

:13:47. > :13:51.it. We think it would be irresponsible for the Government not

:13:52. > :13:55.to take urgent and bold action and of course a sugary drinks tax would

:13:56. > :13:59.be one of many measures, there are many other components to this

:14:00. > :14:02.parents will know. But a sugary drinks tax doesn't need to be

:14:03. > :14:07.regressive and you can always choose an alternative, so nobody naedz to

:14:08. > :14:10.pay this tax but we feel any money raised could go directly to

:14:11. > :14:13.programmes to help children's health so there is much you could achieve

:14:14. > :14:17.with it as well as nudging healthier choices. It looks like you are

:14:18. > :14:21.pinning the blame on sugary drinks, though, why not have a tax on

:14:22. > :14:26.chocolate, cakes and other snacks? There would be a case for saying

:14:27. > :14:29.that could be regressive, there are products like chocolate, it's

:14:30. > :14:34.difficult to make with sugar substitutes, they don't taste the

:14:35. > :14:38.same. Whereas if you are a sugary drinks levy that's something where

:14:39. > :14:40.nobody needs to play it if you choose a directly alternative

:14:41. > :14:44.product. We recognise that we don't want to hit people in their pockets

:14:45. > :14:48.and that's not what this tax is about, it's about trying to make

:14:49. > :14:53.healthier choices and take real wasted calories out of children's

:14:54. > :14:56.diet. What do you think about the parents who are giving their

:14:57. > :14:59.children these drinks? That are causing children problems and

:15:00. > :15:03.storing up problems for the future? What I say to any parent watching if

:15:04. > :15:10.they want to make one single change to cut sugar out of your children's

:15:11. > :15:14.diet take them off sugary drinks, water, water down fruit juices. They

:15:15. > :15:17.know the message but they're obviously consuming the drinks for a

:15:18. > :15:22.reason, what do you think about that? Of course we all like the

:15:23. > :15:25.taste of sugar. What we would say is that you can make a switch to a

:15:26. > :15:30.product that will taste the same but won't have all the sugar in, it's

:15:31. > :15:33.not just about obesity, if you think of the commonest reason for

:15:34. > :15:36.admission to hospital for young children it's actually to have

:15:37. > :15:41.rotten teeth taken out, there are other reasons to try to take that

:15:42. > :15:45.raw sugar, the wasted calories out of children's diets, if you can.

:15:46. > :15:48.Matt on Facebook, why do I have to suffer because some stupid people

:15:49. > :15:51.can't control sugar intake? I would say to Matt, you don't have to

:15:52. > :15:56.suffer. You could carry on buying the same product with a small extra

:15:57. > :15:59.premium or even if you are not overweight, switching to a product

:16:00. > :16:02.without sugar in would be good for your health too. This isn't just the

:16:03. > :16:08.only measure we are recommending. There are many others in the report.

:16:09. > :16:12.By taxing sugary drinks, are you effectively equating them with

:16:13. > :16:16.tobacco? No, because there is no level of tobacco that is of any use

:16:17. > :16:23.to you. Tobacco is harmful at any level. We know that sugar is great,

:16:24. > :16:30.as part of a balanced diet. But what we know now is that you should

:16:31. > :16:35.restrict that to 5% of your intake. Do you think 20% tax is enough?

:16:36. > :16:45.Would a 20% tax stop you buying something

:16:46. > :16:50.If I one was 20% more pensive, I would

:16:51. > :16:56.think about buying the cheaper product. It will nudge change in

:16:57. > :16:59.people's choices. This is not designed to be punitive, just a

:17:00. > :17:01.people's choices. This is not gentle nudge in a healthier

:17:02. > :17:05.direction. I know you said there is no level of tobacco that is safe to

:17:06. > :17:09.take, so you are drawing a clear distinction with sugar. But in

:17:10. > :17:14.general terms, would you say sugar is the new nicotine in terms of the

:17:15. > :17:21.potential health implications and where the debate goes from here? We

:17:22. > :17:25.know that children who have high sugar diets are also likely to be

:17:26. > :17:31.having high calories from other products like fat in their diet. So

:17:32. > :17:36.we know it is a huge part that is driving the obesity epidemic. That

:17:37. > :17:40.is the risk. We know that lifetime risks of that, things like a greater

:17:41. > :17:42.is the risk. We know that lifetime risk of developing diabetes and

:17:43. > :17:50.heart disease, greater risks of being bullied in school, this

:17:51. > :17:55.affects children's life chances. There is a serious problem that we

:17:56. > :17:58.need to get to grips with. David Cameron has said he does not see a

:17:59. > :18:04.need for a tax on sugar. You said that before he had seen the report.

:18:05. > :18:07.Did that annoy you, that he was reaching a judgment before seeing

:18:08. > :18:13.the evidence? There is a wide range of views on this. The point about

:18:14. > :18:17.whether it will unfairly penalise people on low incomes is an

:18:18. > :18:20.important part of the debate. But our point is that what really

:18:21. > :18:24.penalises the most is advantaged children in Britain today is that

:18:25. > :18:27.one in four of them are leaving primary school not just overweight,

:18:28. > :18:34.but obese. We cannot carry on ignoring that. The industry say this

:18:35. > :18:38.is about education and exercise. We accept that those are important. But

:18:39. > :18:43.in themselves, they will not be enough to tackle this. You need

:18:44. > :18:49.other measures as well, and not just a sugary drinks tax. Things like

:18:50. > :18:52.deep discounting make a difference to people's choices, and they tend

:18:53. > :18:57.to all be on the unhealthy products. So we would like a shift to

:18:58. > :19:01.discounts being on healthier products. A view on Facebook says it

:19:02. > :19:07.tax would work if it was levied on the food manufacturers rather than

:19:08. > :19:11.the consumers. Well, this is about nudging a behaviour change at the

:19:12. > :19:13.point that you make your purchase. If you had a levy on the

:19:14. > :19:19.manufacturers themselves, that wouldn't introduce that price

:19:20. > :19:23.differential at the point of choice. If the costs for them of

:19:24. > :19:27.producing a product go up because the costs of the ingredients go up,

:19:28. > :19:31.it would knock on to the consumer and it might also make them decide

:19:32. > :19:37.to reduce the level of sugar because it would reduce their costs of

:19:38. > :19:43.production. No, because you would find manufacturers who make both the

:19:44. > :19:46.diet and the sugary product. So just hitting the manufacturer at source

:19:47. > :19:50.will not introduce the differential. At the point you

:19:51. > :19:55.choose the product off-the-shelf, if one of them is slightly cheaper, it

:19:56. > :20:00.guides you in that direction. Nobody needs to pay a sugary drinks tax if

:20:01. > :20:06.you have an equivalent. That is why we chose sugary drinks rather than

:20:07. > :20:10.other products. So the debate stops at sugary drinks? Absolutely. It is

:20:11. > :20:15.not about taxing the sugar you buy off the supermarket shelf, or taxing

:20:16. > :20:19.cakes and biscuits. You can't see that being something you would

:20:20. > :20:24.want? No, because we are not saying that sugar should not be part of our

:20:25. > :20:32.diet. We know people enjoy sugar as a treat. It is about getting rid of

:20:33. > :20:37.those wasted calories. We must leave you. Sarah Wollaston, thank you. We

:20:38. > :20:38.are going to hear now from Prince Charles, addressing the climate

:20:39. > :21:15.change conference in Paris. TRANSLATION: I express my great

:21:16. > :21:24.grief and condolences following the events in Paris two weeks ago, and

:21:25. > :21:30.my compassion for the bereaved families, whose family members'

:21:31. > :21:35.lives were so appallingly ended. I am with the French people who have

:21:36. > :21:42.shown their courage, faced with this terrible event.

:21:43. > :21:48.Rarely in human history have some only people around the world placed

:21:49. > :21:53.their trust in so few. Your deliberations over the next two

:21:54. > :21:59.weeks will decide the fate not only of those alive today, but also of

:22:00. > :22:07.generations yet unborn. So I can only urge you to think of your

:22:08. > :22:13.grandchildren, as I think of mine, and of those billions of people

:22:14. > :22:20.without a voice, those for whom hope is the rarest sensations. Those for

:22:21. > :22:27.whom a secure life is a distant prospect. Most of all, I urge you to

:22:28. > :22:35.consider the needs of the youngest generation, because none of us has

:22:36. > :22:40.the right to assume that for our today, they should give up there

:22:41. > :22:47.tomorrow. On an increasingly crowded planet, humanity faces many

:22:48. > :22:55.threats. But none is greater than climate change. It magnifies every

:22:56. > :23:01.hazard and tension of our existence. It threatens our ability

:23:02. > :23:07.to feed ourselves, to remain healthy and safe from extreme weather, to

:23:08. > :23:13.manage the natural resources that support our economies and to avert

:23:14. > :23:20.the humanitarian disaster of mass migration and increasing conflict.

:23:21. > :23:25.In damaging our climate, we become the architects of our own

:23:26. > :23:29.destruction. While the planet can survive the scorching of the Earth

:23:30. > :23:37.and the rising of the waters, the human race cannot. The absurd thing

:23:38. > :23:46.is that we know exactly what needs to be done. We know we cannot adapt

:23:47. > :23:54.sufficiently to go on as we are, nor can we build ourselves a new

:23:55. > :23:58.atmosphere. To avoid catastrophe, we must restrict climate change to less

:23:59. > :24:04.than 2 degrees, which requires a dramatic reduction in carbon

:24:05. > :24:12.emissions. Ladies and gentlemen, this can be done. We have the

:24:13. > :24:16.knowledge, the tools and the money. Only 1.7% of global annual

:24:17. > :24:22.consumption would be required to put us on the right low carbon path for

:24:23. > :24:26.2030. We lack only the will and the framework to use them wisely,

:24:27. > :24:32.consistently and at the required global scale. Governments

:24:33. > :24:39.collectively spend more than $1 trillion every year on subsidies to

:24:40. > :24:45.energy, agriculture and fisheries. Imagine what could be done if those

:24:46. > :24:51.vast sums supported sustainable energy, farming and fishing, rather

:24:52. > :24:58.than fossil fuels, deforestation and overexploitation of this --

:24:59. > :25:03.overseas. It is the premium we need to pay for our collective long-term

:25:04. > :25:09.insurance policy. We are always hearing nowadays that all our

:25:10. > :25:15.actions must be based on good science. We have that science. Why,

:25:16. > :25:20.then when it comes to climate change, is this apparently no longer

:25:21. > :25:26.applicable? We have also seen how fast innovation and investment can

:25:27. > :25:28.drive low carbon energy technologies, and we are learning

:25:29. > :25:36.how to develop secular economies in which everything we previously

:25:37. > :25:40.regarded as waste becomes the feedstock for future growth --

:25:41. > :25:43.circular economies. So I pray that in pursuing national interest, you

:25:44. > :25:53.will not lose sight of the international necessity. In 2009 in

:25:54. > :25:56.Copenhagen, I remember trying to point out that the best scientific

:25:57. > :26:01.projections gave us less than a hundred months to alter our

:26:02. > :26:07.behaviour before we risk the tipping point of catastrophic climate

:26:08. > :26:09.behaviour before we risk the tipping change, beyond which there is no

:26:10. > :26:15.recovery. Have we really reached such a collective inertia that

:26:16. > :26:22.ignores so clear a warning? 80 of those hundred months have now

:26:23. > :26:29.passed. So, ladies and gentlemen, we must act now. Already, we are being

:26:30. > :26:35.overtaken by other events and crises that can be seen as greater and more

:26:36. > :26:38.immediate threats. But in reality, many are already and will

:26:39. > :26:44.increasingly be related to the rapidly growing effects of climate

:26:45. > :26:49.change. The whole of nature cries out at our mistreatment of her. If

:26:50. > :26:54.the planet were a patient, we would have treated her long ago. You,

:26:55. > :27:00.ladies and gentlemen, have the power to put her on life support, and you

:27:01. > :27:07.must surely start the emergency procedures without further

:27:08. > :27:11.procrastination. The today, after far too long interval, you are all

:27:12. > :27:17.here to set us on the road to a saner future. If, at last, the

:27:18. > :27:21.moment has arrived to take those long-awaited steps towards rescuing

:27:22. > :27:28.our planet and our fellow man from impending catastrophe, then let us

:27:29. > :27:34.pursue that vital goal in a spirit of enlightened and human

:27:35. > :27:44.collaboration. Ladies and gentlemen, I wish you well in your endeavours,

:27:45. > :27:47.and I shall pray for your success. STUDIO: Prince Charles, telling the

:27:48. > :27:51.climate change conference in Paris that there is no greater challenge

:27:52. > :27:55.facing humanity than that of climate change. World leaders and

:27:56. > :27:59.negotiators from 195 countries try to reach a deal to tackle climate

:28:00. > :28:03.change within two weeks. Prince Charles also expressed in French his

:28:04. > :28:07.horror at the recent terror attacks, and he expresses sympathy

:28:08. > :28:08.for the families and loved ones of those killed. We will be back later

:28:09. > :28:12.in Paris. the issue of air strikes

:28:13. > :28:15.against the Islamic State terror group in Syria is threatening to

:28:16. > :28:18.split the Labour party. The government supports bombing.

:28:19. > :28:20.Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn doesn't - but many

:28:21. > :28:22.of his shadow ministerial team do. The issue could come to

:28:23. > :28:25.a crunch this week with a Commons vote - which could see Labour MPs

:28:26. > :28:28.and members of Mr Corbyn's cabinet voting against their own leader

:28:29. > :28:42.in favour of air strikes. If we bomb in Raqqa,

:28:43. > :28:45.we will take out civilian lives. We may not in effect do much damage

:28:46. > :28:48.to Isil, and may make We have yet to see the motion that

:28:49. > :28:52.the Prime Minister may bring That is why I say I am convinced of

:28:53. > :28:57.the need to take effective action, but we will only be able to make

:28:58. > :29:04.a final judgment about the nature of that when we see the opposition

:29:05. > :29:07.put before the House of Commons. The Shadow Cabinet had a long debate

:29:08. > :29:11.about how we can support the Prime Minister in his attempts to

:29:12. > :29:13.keep the country secure. Hilary Benn gave a clear explanation

:29:14. > :29:16.that he thinks there is an imminent security threat to the

:29:17. > :29:19.UK, and I agree with him on this. But we will come to our decision

:29:20. > :29:21.on Monday. We are discussing it with

:29:22. > :29:23.our colleagues over the weekend, We are working at it

:29:24. > :29:28.and we need to keep working at it. There are lots of questions

:29:29. > :29:30.about this. You shouldn't extend

:29:31. > :29:32.military operations lightly. There are legitimate questions to

:29:33. > :29:34.answer, and we are doing Jeremy Corbyn insists he's

:29:35. > :29:40.representing the views of Labour How much support is there

:29:41. > :29:48.for air strikes? With us now a group of viewers -

:29:49. > :30:03.and voters - Labour members Shadia Edwards-Dashti, you are from

:30:04. > :30:07.the stop the war coalition. Why are you so convinced that air strikes in

:30:08. > :30:11.Syria would be wrong? From the stop the war coalition, our perspective

:30:12. > :30:16.is the caves old. We have seen the same sort of strategy in the last

:30:17. > :30:21.ten years. When it comes to air strikes in Syria, we have been

:30:22. > :30:25.presented with no clear strategy. We have been given no realistic

:30:26. > :30:30.strategy that could ever result in defeating Isis. The idea of just

:30:31. > :30:35.bombing a nation at the height of a refugee crisis, which cannot be

:30:36. > :30:39.forgotten, we do not believe that waging yet another war could ever

:30:40. > :30:53.destroy Isil. It's never going to be easy to

:30:54. > :31:00.commit armed forces to a war situation. But you have to recognise

:31:01. > :31:11.that Isil represents a unique challenge. This is a regime which

:31:12. > :31:14.saws off people's heads, British aid workers' heads on television and

:31:15. > :31:19.posts them on the internet and was responsible for the atrocities in

:31:20. > :31:24.Paris less than two weeks ago. We are already fighting Isil in Iraq at

:31:25. > :31:30.the invitation of the Iraqi Government. And the French President

:31:31. > :31:36.last week invited us to be part of an international coalition to extend

:31:37. > :31:40.strikes into Isil's heartland in Syria, in that situation really

:31:41. > :31:47.there could be no choice. We have to extend air strikes into Syria. You

:31:48. > :31:53.talk about atrocities of Isil and that's all well and good focussing

:31:54. > :32:00.on that, let's us not forget our ally Saudi Arabia is about to

:32:01. > :32:04.orchestrate beheadings. What the UK have done, it's all well and good

:32:05. > :32:07.describing what Isil is doing and putting in the media and press

:32:08. > :32:12.everything they're doing, but it has to be remembered what's going on

:32:13. > :32:18.right now and look how awful refugees on borderlines are being

:32:19. > :32:22.treated, with tear gas. What are we bombing? Just introduce yourself. A

:32:23. > :32:26.Labour councillor in Ealing. My worry is there is no target. What

:32:27. > :32:33.are we bombing? It's all very well saying let's bomb them but who is

:32:34. > :32:37.them? It's a complete sort of concept that is wishy-washy we can't

:32:38. > :32:40.go after it, if there was a definite target we could say let's take out

:32:41. > :32:46.this thing there, at least we would have reason to go in and bomb them.

:32:47. > :32:51.We are told there are precision warheads that can take out

:32:52. > :32:57.particular targets without great risk of collateral damage. Are you

:32:58. > :33:02.not convinced? They hide as soon as they hear the planes, what are we

:33:03. > :33:08.hitting? It needs to be a sensible strategy that goes in and just

:33:09. > :33:14.bombing isn't the answer. I agree a little bit. I am Hani and I am

:33:15. > :33:20.Syrian. You left as a dissident, your family is in Syria. Yes. I want

:33:21. > :33:27.to say that first of all I think that the world and Europe has a big

:33:28. > :33:31.responsibility and they failed in responding to Isis expansion but I

:33:32. > :33:38.still think that fighting from air will never help. We have already,

:33:39. > :33:44.the US example, they already been bombing Isis but nothing happened.

:33:45. > :33:48.Instead, Isil was expanding gaining more land and resources for oil to

:33:49. > :33:51.get money and I think that the effort should be focussed on another

:33:52. > :33:55.alternative that could be more effective. What would you say the

:33:56. > :34:04.alternative would be? I would say, I mean we have some facts. We know

:34:05. > :34:07.Isil was expanding on rebel or Free Syrian Army-held land and this is

:34:08. > :34:12.where they gained power from, they have oil now and they can sell oil.

:34:13. > :34:16.Expanding on land has a symbolic power that exists and that's

:34:17. > :34:20.encouraging other Isil members around the world to show in their

:34:21. > :34:25.movement. I think that supporting the people on ground who can defeat

:34:26. > :34:30.Isil is the way, supporting people who already on that land and had to

:34:31. > :34:36.leave because of Isil coming and I think there was a long, from a very

:34:37. > :34:40.long time there was discussion about the no-fly zone, I think that will

:34:41. > :34:45.help people in there to fight their fight and instead of the Arabian and

:34:46. > :34:49.the whole world trying to come from the air, which I think is just in a

:34:50. > :34:54.way that psychologically work, it's OK we are doing our thing and our

:34:55. > :34:59.job and we are fighting. But it's not effective on the ground. Simon,

:35:00. > :35:04.you think air strikes are a good idea, tell us where your perspective

:35:05. > :35:07.is coming from. The point you are making, talking about other

:35:08. > :35:11.countries, the record with Iraq is obviously makes it harder to some

:35:12. > :35:13.extent but the point is what happened in Paris could easily have

:35:14. > :35:20.happened in London and these people are a threat to our nation, to our

:35:21. > :35:24.livelihood and our values. I really think that to sit back and let other

:35:25. > :35:27.countries take that responsibility, I think it would be shameful to be

:35:28. > :35:33.perfectly honest. We have a proud record in this country of staenning

:35:34. > :35:37.up for human rights - standing up for human rights. Do you think that

:35:38. > :35:42.Britain joining the bombing campaign would make us safer or is it being a

:35:43. > :35:48.good ally? Both. It would make us safer. We need to do something to

:35:49. > :35:52.remove Isil. The way things are I accept that air strikes alone will

:35:53. > :35:57.not remove them from power but we need to think about what the end

:35:58. > :36:00.game is and there is a certain naivety about what the alternatives

:36:01. > :36:05.are and I think that goes back to Iraq, when we invaded Iraq we went

:36:06. > :36:08.in thinking we will create some enlightened liberal democracy that

:36:09. > :36:13.would perpetrate across the rest of the Middle East and that clearly

:36:14. > :36:18.didn't happen and wouldn't happen. I think we need to be realistic about

:36:19. > :36:21.our end game and the alternatives. To be honest, most alternatives

:36:22. > :36:25.would be better than what we have at the moment. What is your

:36:26. > :36:38.perspective, tell us where you are from. I am from Syria, my family are

:36:39. > :36:43.still in Syria and I chair the Syrian Civil Coalition. The

:36:44. > :36:48.atrocities did not start after the Paris attacks, we have about five

:36:49. > :36:53.years now, about 100 civilians being killed a day, 90% killed by the

:36:54. > :36:56.regime and not Isis. Let's look at the progress of what's happening in

:36:57. > :37:00.Syria, it's going in the wrong direction, completely the wrong

:37:01. > :37:03.direction. More people are being killed, Isis is expanding, it's

:37:04. > :37:08.becoming a threat to the whole world. When things are going in the

:37:09. > :37:13.wrong direction the last thing you want is a bit more of the same

:37:14. > :37:18.failed strategy, a bit more air strikes, the same thing you have

:37:19. > :37:23.been doing. We need completely new framework. The route of what's

:37:24. > :37:27.happening in Syria is first the lack of political legitimacy, we had a

:37:28. > :37:30.regime that was not legitimate and that forced its people, confronted

:37:31. > :37:35.people with force and that led us into a war, the rest of the world is

:37:36. > :37:41.part of as well by funding and arming. So what we need to do is

:37:42. > :37:43.first put a very strong framework for a

:37:44. > :37:47.first put a very strong framework and do everything to end the war,

:37:48. > :37:50.without a war there will be no Isis, there is no way we could have

:37:51. > :37:56.imagined this terrorist organisation he can banding in Syria had there

:37:57. > :38:00.been no war, no collapse of state, Isis comes in, offers security,

:38:01. > :38:05.believe it or not, their areas are more secure than the rest of Syria.

:38:06. > :38:10.What do you say to that? One of the things that concerns me is that the

:38:11. > :38:15.position taken by Jeremy Corbyn and others is that we are already

:38:16. > :38:20.fighting Isis in Iraq, at the invitation of the Iraqi Government

:38:21. > :38:24.and with the support of an international coalition. The logic

:38:25. > :38:29.of opposing any extension into Syria is that we shouldn't be helping the

:38:30. > :38:32.Iraqi Government either and that we should stand down our forces in

:38:33. > :38:38.Iraq, as well. What about the argument that the rise of Is in

:38:39. > :38:42.Syria has happened because of that Government and what the past policy

:38:43. > :38:49.has been? That's a recipe for doing nothing at all for fighting Isil.

:38:50. > :38:53.There is no realistic alternative that has been suggested for

:38:54. > :38:59.degrading its military capacity and for removing its ability to raise

:39:00. > :39:02.the many millions of dollars in petrol money that it relies on in

:39:03. > :39:06.order to fund its international terrorism. Surely that's where we

:39:07. > :39:10.are able to do something about it, that's the kind of intelligent,

:39:11. > :39:15.shall we say, warfare that we need to go into, we need to cut off money

:39:16. > :39:20.streams, cut off their social media sort of appearance. Pause for a

:39:21. > :39:24.moment everyone. Refineries are in sir why and the

:39:25. > :39:28.oil goes through Syria. We will come back to this. Other countries have

:39:29. > :39:31.been taking out the supplies, the trucks and so on to go through

:39:32. > :39:36.Syria. All right, we are coming back. I want to hear from the Shadow

:39:37. > :39:40.Chancellor. He has been speaking. There is obviously the debate going

:39:41. > :39:44.on within the Labour Party about what the party's position will be on

:39:45. > :39:50.the vote on Wednesday. And whether there will and free vote. He hasn't

:39:51. > :39:54.given any indication of the decision on the process. His position is not

:39:55. > :39:57.to bomb, yes. I think that's the position, looks as though the

:39:58. > :40:01.majority of our party members and a few Conservative MPs now, because

:40:02. > :40:05.doubts are being expressed by people like David Davis and Julian Lewis

:40:06. > :40:08.and Conservative MPs. What do you think, are you bracing yourselves

:40:09. > :40:13.for resignations in the Shadow Cabinet? I don't think anything

:40:14. > :40:16.around the issue of resignations or anything like that, I think we will

:40:17. > :40:19.arrive at a common position and people will hold together. James,

:40:20. > :40:24.you are a Labour member. What did you think of what John McDonnell is

:40:25. > :40:29.saying? I didn't quite catch it, I am guessing he is talking about the

:40:30. > :40:35.Labour pro-war within the Shadow Cabinet. I think that these guys are

:40:36. > :40:40.antidemocratic forces, there is a clear mandate for Jeremy Corbyn

:40:41. > :40:47.support - for Corbyn to maintain the line that he won this landslide

:40:48. > :40:53.victory on. These Shadow - these Labour MPs or so-called Labour MPs

:40:54. > :40:58.are defying a clear mandate by the people and I can only see they're

:40:59. > :41:02.making a mommery of representative democracy. What do you think about

:41:03. > :41:08.the way it has been handled in party political terms? Has it meant there

:41:09. > :41:09.has been a proper debate? I disagree, I think actually forming

:41:10. > :41:14.our foreign policy disagree, I think actually forming

:41:15. > :41:19.precedent that we have. It hasn't been around for long and I think

:41:20. > :41:25.it's risky, when we make big decisions, I think we need more

:41:26. > :41:30.decisiveness. Placing it in the hands of Corbyn supporters... You

:41:31. > :41:33.mean decisiveness from your speck he can if it's in favour of air

:41:34. > :41:37.strikes? The Prime Minister, it's his power, if he wants to go to war

:41:38. > :41:47.he can. It's a recent precedent where they say you have to have a

:41:48. > :41:55.parliamentary vote every time. Go to war on Royal programmetive

:41:56. > :41:59.essentially? The Syrian Government did not request intervention. You

:42:00. > :42:02.want the Prime Minister to use our taxpayers' money to drop more bombs

:42:03. > :42:07.on Syria without consulting parliament? They are a threat. Isil

:42:08. > :42:10.is a threat to us and we need to stand up. Obviously they didn't

:42:11. > :42:18.attack us but it could easily have happened in the UK and we need to do

:42:19. > :42:21.everything we can and I don't trust Corbyn, he has influence in the

:42:22. > :42:26.decision we go to war or extend strikes, I don't trust him to

:42:27. > :42:31.protect our country's security. The argument of security is shameful,

:42:32. > :42:35.how would bombing possibly make us more secure nation? How does that

:42:36. > :42:39.make sense in your opinion? We just lie back and let them carry on and

:42:40. > :42:47.taking over large swathes of the Middle East. We have been bombing

:42:48. > :42:52.since twun. We created Isis. They expanded, since the bombing started.

:42:53. > :42:57.Something obviously is wrong. 95% of the people are civilians. How are

:42:58. > :43:01.you going to end Isis with air strikes from the air? We need to do

:43:02. > :43:05.something. I am not saying air strikes is the only... Give them

:43:06. > :43:10.more missiles like we have been doing? It's one aspect. We were

:43:11. > :43:14.saying earlier there are - there is a military strategy, there is

:43:15. > :43:19.political strategy, there is economic. Other strategies clearly

:43:20. > :43:22.are the ways to go in trying to figure out something more solid if

:43:23. > :43:27.we need to go in with bombs later on. But you can't just go in and say

:43:28. > :43:30.we are going to indiscriminatory bomb everybody because there is is

:43:31. > :43:36.women and children and vulnerable people that always get hit and the

:43:37. > :43:39.refugee -- crisis is getting worse and when you talk to people this is

:43:40. > :43:44.what they're saying, don't bomb us, we are trying to get things working

:43:45. > :43:46.down here on the ground, so possibly more intelligence on the ground,

:43:47. > :43:51.possibly more aid on the ground to try and help people who are helping

:43:52. > :43:53.themselves in the fight against them because we haven't even identified

:43:54. > :43:58.what it is we are fighting. It's like fighting a ghost. It pops up

:43:59. > :44:05.here and there. You chop off its head, ten more appear in its place.

:44:06. > :44:11.We know what it's like to be under fire, 7/7 happened in London, we

:44:12. > :44:16.know what it was like during the IRA bombings of London too. So London,

:44:17. > :44:19.number one target. Always has been. Thank you all very much. You all

:44:20. > :44:24.have more to say but we are out of time for this debate. The vote is on

:44:25. > :44:27.Wednesday. Jeremy Corbyn will be letting his party know later on

:44:28. > :44:31.whether or not the Labour Party will get a free vote on that issue. We

:44:32. > :44:34.will keep you up to date with developments. Stay in touch via

:44:35. > :44:40.social media for your thoughts on the debate. Breaking news right now,

:44:41. > :44:50.we are getting reports that gunshots have been heard in a university in

:44:51. > :44:55.the capital of Kenya, Nairobi. It's The Strathmore University in

:44:56. > :44:59.Nairobi. I am hearing an update, it's part of a mock security

:45:00. > :45:04.exercise. Obviously there were initial reports of concern that it

:45:05. > :45:10.was witnesses hearing those gunshots in that university, cleerm they were

:45:11. > :45:13.concerned, but it's -- clearly they were concerned but it's an exercise.

:45:14. > :45:17.It does seem it's nothing to worry about.

:45:18. > :45:19.Coming The most senior transgender officer

:45:20. > :45:22.in the British army will be here to talk about her experiences

:45:23. > :45:25.and those of colleagues who have up:

:45:26. > :45:38.Let's catch up with the weather. The weather is active at the moment,

:45:39. > :45:41.lots going on. First of all, before we get to all the stuff going on

:45:42. > :45:45.right here I will take you to the other side of the world and

:45:46. > :45:49.Australia. Amazing pictures of a dust devil, this is at a music

:45:50. > :45:55.Festival in Australia. Think of it as like a tornado. It's a spiralling

:45:56. > :46:00.column of air going all the way up. It's happening, clear blue skies and

:46:01. > :46:07.they're enjoying it! How common is that? You do get them in the outback

:46:08. > :46:13.often. When it gets hot the air rises up rapidly and can spiral.

:46:14. > :46:17.Then it picks up the dust. That's why it looks impressive. It's not as

:46:18. > :46:22.damaging as a tornado it's why you are able to get closer. They're

:46:23. > :46:25.braver than I am. This is a music Festival in Australia. It's the heat

:46:26. > :46:31.rising and it starts to rotate and it picks up dust. It's like a

:46:32. > :46:36.tornado but it's happening with clear blue skies on a hot day.

:46:37. > :46:44.Tornados you need a thunderstorm and they can be more violent.

:46:45. > :46:51.Our weather was wild over the course of the weekend. This was the storm

:46:52. > :46:54.that came across during the weekend, bringing strong winds, gusts of 70

:46:55. > :47:01.miles an hour through parts of Cumbria. We had big waves. And

:47:02. > :47:08.behind it, we had snow as well. There was a bit of coastal

:47:09. > :47:12.flooding, and a bit of damage. There was snow in the Highlands

:47:13. > :47:20.yesterday, all thanks to an intense area of low pressure, the third

:47:21. > :47:25.named one of the season. We are cracking through them. We were

:47:26. > :47:30.having Desmond before you know it. That system has now moved away. But

:47:31. > :47:38.it did bring some gales to Scandinavia. Closer to home, we are

:47:39. > :47:44.back with the wet stuff. It is a soggy Monday morning. It is still

:47:45. > :47:48.windy, but not as windy. It will be lively again, especially along the

:47:49. > :47:55.south coast. Further north, something brighter. Across northern

:47:56. > :48:00.Scotland, we have some sunshine. There will be a few wintry showers

:48:01. > :48:03.across the far north, but through Scotland and Northern Ireland, after

:48:04. > :48:08.a wet morning, it should brighten up. It will be a decent St Andrews

:48:09. > :48:13.Day afternoon in Scotland. In England, it is not cold, but it is

:48:14. > :48:21.wet and blustery. The black Arrows show the wind gusts. We could have

:48:22. > :48:25.gusts of 40 or 50 miles an hour. It stays damp overnight across the

:48:26. > :48:34.South. The rain pushes back to Northern Ireland. We have warm

:48:35. > :48:40.conditions in the south, much colder conditions further north. Further

:48:41. > :48:44.north, we will be down to freezing and in fact well below freezing

:48:45. > :48:49.through parts of central Scotland. Where there is snow on the ground,

:48:50. > :48:55.we might get as low as minors 10 Celsius tonight. With the cold air

:48:56. > :49:02.and wet weather, it is a cocktail for snow and we could see snow

:49:03. > :49:06.tomorrow morning for several hours in Scotland. That could be an

:49:07. > :49:15.issue. But it then turns to rain, because milder air is wafting up

:49:16. > :49:20.from the south-west. So the cold air finally gets ousted. Look at the

:49:21. > :49:25.temperatures. Tomorrow, we are up into the teens and the snow is

:49:26. > :49:29.disappearing. So there is a lot going on for the rest of this week.

:49:30. > :49:37.It will stay blustery. Gusty winds coming and going. And there will be

:49:38. > :49:44.more rain over the next few days. And more snow as well, particularly

:49:45. > :49:50.potentially tonight across parts of north-east England and central and

:49:51. > :49:54.southern Scotland. And with the rain, the ground is pretty soggy.

:49:55. > :49:57.More bouts of rain to come over the next few days. All the weather

:49:58. > :50:22.warnings are on the BBC website. Is a 20% tax on sugary drinks the

:50:23. > :50:26.solution to obesity? If you saw two equivalent products and one of them

:50:27. > :50:34.was 20% more expensive, I would seriously think about buying the

:50:35. > :50:38.cheaper product. But the food and drink industry say it will end up

:50:39. > :50:42.punishing poor people. All this week, we are looking at tackling

:50:43. > :50:47.could have obesity. Today we report from inside an anti-obesity class. I

:50:48. > :50:51.take grapes with me that he can eat other way round. It may give easier

:50:52. > :50:57.to discourage the pretty flashing lights of the chocolate is.

:50:58. > :51:01.Also today - as Labour continues its internal debate over whether to back

:51:02. > :51:03.air strikes against the Islamic State terror group in Syria - voters

:51:04. > :51:13.We have been presented with no clear strategy. We have been given no

:51:14. > :51:22.realistic strategy that could result in defeating Isis. The French

:51:23. > :51:25.president last week invited us to be part of an international coalition

:51:26. > :51:29.to extend strikes into Isil's heartland. In that situation, there

:51:30. > :51:44.is no choice. The Shadow Chancellor has said he

:51:45. > :51:47.does not think there will be mass resignations if Jeremy Corbyn does

:51:48. > :51:52.force MPs to vote against Britain launching air strikes on Islamic

:51:53. > :51:56.State group targets in Syria. John McDonnell said he believed the

:51:57. > :52:00.Shadow Cabinet would arrive at a common position on the issue. It is

:52:01. > :52:04.understood the Labour leader, who opposes military action, will make

:52:05. > :52:10.his decision later today after consulting with party members.

:52:11. > :52:14.David Cameron has joined 146 other world leaders at the latest climate

:52:15. > :52:18.conference in Paris. Negotiators want to reach a binding deal within

:52:19. > :52:21.two weeks to limit global carbon emissions. Prince Charles has

:52:22. > :52:27.already described climate change as humanity's biggest threat. It

:52:28. > :52:32.magnifies every hazard and tension of our existence. It threatens our

:52:33. > :52:39.ability to feed ourselves, to remain healthy and safe from extreme

:52:40. > :52:43.weather, to manage the natural resources that support our

:52:44. > :52:47.economies, and to avert the humanitarian disaster of mass

:52:48. > :52:54.migration and increasing conflict. humanitarian disaster of mass

:52:55. > :52:59.party chairman Lord Feldman in connection with a row over alleged

:53:00. > :53:02.bullying. Senior Tory figures meet today to discuss claims that a youth

:53:03. > :53:07.organiser bullied a young activist who apparently took his own life.

:53:08. > :53:08.There was more backing for a sugar tax, this time from an

:53:09. > :53:11.There was more backing for a sugar cross-party group of MPs.

:53:12. > :53:13.There was more backing for a sugar committee says soft drinks should

:53:14. > :53:17.have an extra committee says soft drinks should

:53:18. > :53:20.part of a range of measures against childhood obesity. It says there is

:53:21. > :53:29.compelling evidence that it would cut sugar consumption.

:53:30. > :53:34.Let's cut up with the sport now. Still celebrations for Andy Murray

:53:35. > :53:40.and the others? Yes, an amazing weekend for Great Britain's tennis

:53:41. > :53:44.fans. Leon Smith's team put in a great performance to take the Davis

:53:45. > :53:47.Cup for the first time since 1936. Andy Murray became just the third

:53:48. > :53:54.man to win eight Davis Cup singles ties in just one year. This morning,

:53:55. > :53:58.Smith told us what victory means. The journey we had come from,

:53:59. > :54:04.starting at such a low ebb of the competition five or six years ago,

:54:05. > :54:07.and approaching the world, we had Andy Murray come into the team and

:54:08. > :54:14.since then, we have not looked back. And to share it with the

:54:15. > :54:17.team-mates and fans, the nature of the competition, with the home and

:54:18. > :54:25.away element, creates an amazing atmosphere. Yesterday will live for

:54:26. > :54:28.us for a long time. There was another stunning British

:54:29. > :54:31.victory this weekend in boxing as Tyson Fury backed up all of the talk

:54:32. > :54:37.and bravado to end Wladimir Klitschko's nine-year reign as world

:54:38. > :54:41.heavyweight champion. Now the suitors are lining up, including

:54:42. > :54:44.former WBA heavyweight champion David Hay, who has just announced a

:54:45. > :54:53.return to the ring after a three-year absence. It says a lot

:54:54. > :54:58.about the new champion, the fighter who has generated the most

:54:59. > :55:04.interest. It will be the biggest fight on the planet for him. I will

:55:05. > :55:09.work my way up the rankings. I have done it before at cruiserweight. One

:55:10. > :55:14.I wanted to fight another guy who was a Don King promoted fighter, I

:55:15. > :55:19.could not get a deal out of him. So I got to the number one position and

:55:20. > :55:23.he had to fight me. Hamburgers one of the five cities

:55:24. > :55:26.which was hoping to host the 2024 Olympics -- Hamburg will now be

:55:27. > :55:30.withdrawing its bid. Residents of the northern German city voted

:55:31. > :55:34.against the idea in a referendum over the weekend. It leaves Paris,

:55:35. > :55:38.Los Angeles, Rome and Budapest in the race to host against. The IOC

:55:39. > :55:42.will make a decision in the autumn of 2017.

:55:43. > :55:46.Kobe Bryant, widely regarded as one of the greatest basketball layers in

:55:47. > :55:50.the history of the game, has announced that he will retire at the

:55:51. > :55:53.end of the season. The five-time NBA champion has played for the Los

:55:54. > :55:58.Angeles Lakers for his entire career and is ranked third on the NBA's

:55:59. > :56:03.all-time list. He has averaged more than 25 points per game in over 1200

:56:04. > :56:07.appearances. But in recent years, he has struggled with injuries. He was

:56:08. > :56:12.also a key member of the United States' basketball teams at the 2008

:56:13. > :56:14.and 2012 Olympics, where he won gold.

:56:15. > :56:18.A public the more real for New Zealand rugby great Jonah Lohmann,

:56:19. > :56:23.who died earlier this month at the age of 40, has been held at

:56:24. > :56:27.Auckland's Eden Park stadium. The former all Black was capped 63 times

:56:28. > :56:31.by his country and is considered one of rugby's first global superstars.

:56:32. > :56:36.Thousands of people were at the event, including many from New

:56:37. > :56:38.Zealand's Pacific island communities. That is all the sport

:56:39. > :56:46.for now. I will be back with the headlines after 10.30.

:56:47. > :56:50.Thank you for joining us. We are on BBC Two and the BBC News Channel

:56:51. > :56:55.until 11. You have been telling us if you back attacks on sugary drinks

:56:56. > :57:00.-- if you back a tax on sugary drinks. John says, yes, tax sugary

:57:01. > :57:04.drinks. I cringe when I see kids drinking them. I used to add fizzy

:57:05. > :57:09.water to squash for my kids. Don't give it to your children and they

:57:10. > :57:13.will not develop a sweet tooth. Carroll says taxing sugary drink 's

:57:14. > :57:17.will make no difference. People will switch to a cheaper alternative. Too

:57:18. > :57:21.many obese people just eat too much. Andy says it is time people forgot

:57:22. > :57:24.about a sugar tax and made it compulsory at schools to have

:57:25. > :57:28.activities and to do sport three times a week. Parents should control

:57:29. > :57:33.what their children eat and drink. These MPs are out of touch with

:57:34. > :57:37.common sense. And an anonymous viewer says, they should make the

:57:38. > :57:41.firms putting sugar into the food they are fine. There is no need for

:57:42. > :57:46.that sugar. Sharon says, I am size six and I have trouble keeping

:57:47. > :57:48.weight on. I have to eat a lot of sugary snacks. Why should I be

:57:49. > :57:53.punished with higher tax because others cannot have a moderate diet?

:57:54. > :57:57.It is not a third of pupils are obese by the time they leave

:57:58. > :58:02.preschool. Now MPs have been calling for a tax of 20% to be introduced on

:58:03. > :58:06.sugary drinks as a way of combating it. Sarah Wollaston is the chair of

:58:07. > :58:10.the health select committee behind the report.

:58:11. > :58:14.equivalent products and one of them was 20% more expensive, I would

:58:15. > :58:20.seriously think about buying the cheaper product.

:58:21. > :58:26.It would nudge change in people's choices, and that is what this is

:58:27. > :58:30.about. It is not punitive, just a gentle nudge.

:58:31. > :58:37.This week, our reporter was given access to anti-obesity classes in

:58:38. > :58:40.the London borough of Haringey in this report.

:58:41. > :58:46.Like millions of us, the Broomhill family in Swindon are

:58:47. > :58:52.Do you want the end of this cauliflower?

:58:53. > :58:54.When Amanda's daughter Bernie was still at school,

:58:55. > :58:57.a letter arrived from the local authority - it was a warning that

:58:58. > :59:04.It's a controversial idea, but Amanda says it did encourage her

:59:05. > :59:11.I was purchasing and preparing the wrong food, my portion sizes

:59:12. > :59:17.We were eating too much and not doing enough, simple as that.

:59:18. > :59:19.Government figures out last week show that when they start

:59:20. > :59:24.primary school, a fifth of children are now overweight or obese.

:59:25. > :59:26.By the time they move on to secondary,

:59:27. > :59:29.that's shot up to a third of all kids.

:59:30. > :59:34.I remember going into the supermarket and looking around

:59:35. > :59:41.And normally, that would be a big bottle of Coke,

:59:42. > :59:49.and finding the cheapest chocolate bar, which would be the big one.

:59:50. > :59:54.That substance, sugar, is now at the heart of this whole debate.

:59:55. > :59:57.Our children are taking in nearly three times the amount they should,

:59:58. > :00:01.and that, say doctors, is storing up problems for later in life.

:00:02. > :00:07.Well, the Health Secretary in that building behind me has talked about

:00:08. > :00:11.childhood obesity as the biggest public health challenge of our time.

:00:12. > :00:15.A new Government strategy into that is expected early next year.

:00:16. > :00:18.Before that, though, a powerful, independent group

:00:19. > :00:26.Today's report from the Health Select Committee backs restrictions

:00:27. > :00:31.on cut-price supermarket deals, and possible regulation to force

:00:32. > :00:36.But perhaps the most controversial recommendation is a new tax

:00:37. > :00:42.Set at 20%, that would take a bottle of full-fat Coke or Pepsi

:00:43. > :00:54.It's an idea they have tried in other places.

:00:55. > :00:57.In Mexico, a 10% tax led to a 6% fall in sugar consumption.

:00:58. > :01:00.But the food industry hates it, saying a tax will just push up

:01:01. > :01:16.If you start adding cost through tax, you actually hit

:01:17. > :01:19.the lowest income consumers harder, which doesn't seem fair to me.

:01:20. > :01:22.Isn't it basic economics that if you make something more

:01:23. > :01:26.But why penalise responsible consumers through price to

:01:27. > :01:35.Some doctors have warned that rising obesity means

:01:36. > :01:38.that this generation may not live as long as their parents. That fact,

:01:39. > :01:40.like many in this debate, is heavily disputed.

:01:41. > :01:42.Very soon, we find out what the Government

:01:43. > :01:48.Doctors, politicians and parents all say the scale of the problem means

:01:49. > :02:09.As well as a 20% tax, MPs are also calling for a crackdown on price

:02:10. > :02:14.promotions of unhealthy foods, tougher controls on marketing,

:02:15. > :02:19.including use of cartoon characters. A ban on advertising on unhealthy

:02:20. > :02:23.foods on TV before 9.00pm, clearlier labelling of products, a drive to

:02:24. > :02:27.force industry to reduce sugar, as has happened with salt. Loads of you

:02:28. > :02:33.are getting in touch. Do you think the tax is a good idea. Get in

:02:34. > :02:43.With me now Chris Askew, the boss of the charity Diabetes UK and Julia

:02:44. > :02:49.Manning from the think tank 2020 health, who have done research into

:02:50. > :02:51.this and Ian Wright, the head of the food manufacturers body, the Food

:02:52. > :02:58.Drink Federation. What have you done? We produced two reports at the

:02:59. > :03:00.beginning of 2014, and a lot of our recommendations mirror the

:03:01. > :03:04.recommendations in the health Select Committee report today. We made 17

:03:05. > :03:10.recommendations, they made nine. But they were for 13 different sectors,

:03:11. > :03:18.if you like. I think what's common to both this report and the country

:03:19. > :03:21.out today is that it has to be a holistic cross-spectrum, long-term

:03:22. > :03:24.strategy, nothing else is going to solve the obesity problem, there is

:03:25. > :03:27.no one solution going to do it. The evidence shows we need to tackle

:03:28. > :03:31.this at every level from the top of Government to what we do as

:03:32. > :03:34.individuals. What about the 20% tax on drinks? That was something we did

:03:35. > :03:44.look at what other countries had done. At the time that we brought

:03:45. > :03:48.out our report the Danes just repealed a fat tax, the French had

:03:49. > :03:52.just introduced... Not because it didn't work but it was having an

:03:53. > :03:57.impact on the economy, wasn't it? There is an economic side to this.

:03:58. > :04:01.The public really didn't like it. The example that you use in your

:04:02. > :04:04.video, Mexico, is really interesting. They introduced sugar

:04:05. > :04:10.tax two years ago. But not only did they introduce a sugar tax, they

:04:11. > :04:15.taxed unhealthy food, as well, so crisps and snacks. They also have a

:04:16. > :04:19.very different cultural environment because people don't drink water

:04:20. > :04:24.there. 10% of the population don't have access to running water, most

:04:25. > :04:28.don't drink tap water so part of what they were trying to do was make

:04:29. > :04:30.water less expensive than cans of soda and pop and that was

:04:31. > :04:35.fundamental to what they were trying to do. The other thing they did,

:04:36. > :04:38.they forced 65,000 restaurants across Mexico City to introduce

:04:39. > :04:46.water filters so those restaurants could start offering water. Loads of

:04:47. > :04:48.measures elsewhere. Chris Askew, do you think 20%

:04:49. > :04:51.measures elsewhere. Chris Askew, do impact? We welcome all of the

:04:52. > :04:56.findings of this report. We recognise this needs a range of

:04:57. > :05:00.measures, specifically on the soft sugary drink tax we think it does

:05:01. > :05:07.have a place within the full range of measures, of all children's

:05:08. > :05:13.intake, for example, of calmers, a third come from soft drinks --

:05:14. > :05:17.calories. We heard already this morning on average around a fifth of

:05:18. > :05:20.children when they arrive at school are overweight or obese, when they

:05:21. > :05:26.finish it's between a quarter and a third. A third of us as adults are

:05:27. > :05:32.third or obese. We have to understand the role of overweighting

:05:33. > :05:41.-- overeating, certainly in the world of diabetes, type one diabetes

:05:42. > :05:45.is different from type two, type two diabetes which represents 90% of all

:05:46. > :05:50.diabetes cases, we know that weight is a large driver of risk in type

:05:51. > :05:55.two diabetes. Is it sugar the key factor? Sugar is a part of it. If

:05:56. > :05:59.you want to prevent type two diabetes we know it's a mixture of

:06:00. > :06:03.eating a good healthy balanced diet and good exercise, of course. So

:06:04. > :06:06.it's a range. We see the measures in this report really helping us to

:06:07. > :06:09.tackle some things we know make it very hard for people to choose that

:06:10. > :06:14.healthier diet. Ian Wright, we heard from you in the report. You are from

:06:15. > :06:18.the Food Drink Federation. You are opposed to this 20% tax, why? We

:06:19. > :06:23.don't think it would work first of all. Why not, you don't believe it

:06:24. > :06:28.will change behaviour? I don't think it would long-term. There is some

:06:29. > :06:31.evidence from Mexico that it changed some consum initial the short-term

:06:32. > :06:35.but actually -- consumption, actually it's our members seeing the

:06:36. > :06:38.sales figures in Mexico right now and they're pretty close to back to

:06:39. > :06:42.where they were a year, 18 months ago. It doesn't have a long-term

:06:43. > :06:45.impact on behaviour. The key thing here is we all accept there is a

:06:46. > :06:48.massive obesity crisis. We all believe there must be action. I

:06:49. > :06:53.think there is a range of agreement here on the fact that there should

:06:54. > :06:58.be multi-layered, multi-levered action. We need to pull the levers

:06:59. > :07:04.that work. What could producers of the food and drink do, when you look

:07:05. > :07:08.at a can of a fizzy drink and it says 13 teaspoons of sugar, if you

:07:09. > :07:11.were measuring it out, it's an extraordinary level of sugar to be

:07:12. > :07:17.in any products. First of all, people have a series of choices. In

:07:18. > :07:20.the UK market right now more than two-thirds of the soft drinks sold

:07:21. > :07:23.are no or low sugar, that's not something we hear much about. It's a

:07:24. > :07:30.massive increase in the last ten years. It's an increase because

:07:31. > :07:33.consumers have demanded it. I heard the doctor talking about the nudge

:07:34. > :07:38.idea, take people slowly. I agree with that and we have done that. We

:07:39. > :07:42.have reformulated thousands of products, we have changed portion

:07:43. > :07:45.size on things like Mars Bars and chocolate bars so that people have a

:07:46. > :07:50.healthier and smaller choice. That's the best way to do it. It's not

:07:51. > :07:55.working, is it? I am not sure that's true, all the evidence is figures

:07:56. > :07:58.are flattening out now and the Government's own figures show that

:07:59. > :08:02.childhood obesity has plat toed and in some social groups is on the way

:08:03. > :08:06.down. Would you agree with that analysis? What we see in diabetes is

:08:07. > :08:11.the figures, the incidents of diabetes is going up and that's

:08:12. > :08:15.largely driven by a rise in type two diabetes, currently, we believe

:08:16. > :08:19.about four million people in the country have a - have diabetes,

:08:20. > :08:23.about three-and-a-half million are diagnosed, we think half a million

:08:24. > :08:27.undiagnosed and that figure is set to rise we believe by five million

:08:28. > :08:30.to 2025. The effects of unhealthy living are continuing to drive

:08:31. > :08:35.incidents in the case of type two diabetes so I think we would

:08:36. > :08:39.challenge the fact that we are over the curve here and don't need to

:08:40. > :08:43.take actions. Other measures in the report, promotions, for example, 40%

:08:44. > :08:46.of the food in our cupboards and shelves we buy on promotions and

:08:47. > :08:49.they tend to focus on foods that are high in salt, fat and sugar. We

:08:50. > :08:56.really have to address that balance. That's twice the level of

:08:57. > :09:00.promotional activity than anywhere else in Europe. I important, we need

:09:01. > :09:04.to all these measures brought in together. Thank you all very much

:09:05. > :09:08.for joining us. Do stay in touch with your thoughts on this today.

:09:09. > :09:11.Throughout the week we will look at the best ways of reducing childhood

:09:12. > :09:15.obesity with a series of films looking at key issues like price

:09:16. > :09:37.promotion and marketing and tomorrow we will speak to Jamie Oliver.

:09:38. > :09:47.Still to come a court has awarded compensation to a woman pressured

:09:48. > :09:55.into sexting we will hear from her. We can talk to our political

:09:56. > :10:02.correspondent Norman Smith now. This is a huge, huge day which may

:10:03. > :10:07.well decide whether we bomb Syria because if Jeremy Corbyn tells his

:10:08. > :10:13.party I want you to oppose bombing, Cameron may back off a Commons vote,

:10:14. > :10:16.but it's a huge day too for Corbyn because if he insists his party back

:10:17. > :10:22.him, I have spoken to Shadow Cabinet members who said we will walk, we

:10:23. > :10:28.will quit. Not just one or two, there are signs ten, 11, 12 could

:10:29. > :10:32.walk. You could see Shadow ministers quitting, you could see his entire

:10:33. > :10:36.defense team quitting, so by the end of the day, depending what happens

:10:37. > :10:40.at the Shadow Cabinet meeting of Labour Shadow Cabinet members at

:10:41. > :10:43.1.00, and a full meeting of the parliamentary Labour Party this

:10:44. > :10:47.evening, we will know whether Labour is going to be plunged into open

:10:48. > :10:53.civil warfare and whether we are going to bomb Syria perhaps. It's

:10:54. > :10:56.truly a very big day here. A difficult time for Jeremy Corbyn in

:10:57. > :11:03.terms of trying to keep his party together. Can he keep the party

:11:04. > :11:07.together? That's such a difficult question. They're so divided, it's

:11:08. > :11:10.very difficult. The one way it seems which he can put a sticking plaster

:11:11. > :11:16.over the divisions at the moment is to allow a free vote and many in his

:11:17. > :11:19.Shadow Cabinet are saying let's just acknowledge there are differences

:11:20. > :11:23.and have a free vote on this issue, even some of his close allies are

:11:24. > :11:28.suggesting it, this was John McDonnell, the Shadow Chancellor

:11:29. > :11:32.leaving his house this morning. Hasn't given any indication of the

:11:33. > :11:36.decision on the process. But his position is not to bomb, yes. I

:11:37. > :11:39.think that's the position - looks as though the majority of our party

:11:40. > :11:44.members and a few Conservative MPs now, because doubts are being

:11:45. > :11:50.expressed by people like David Davis and Julian Lewis and Conservative

:11:51. > :11:53.MPs. Are you bracing yourselves for resignations? I don't think anything

:11:54. > :11:56.around the resignations or anything like that, we will arrive at a

:11:57. > :12:02.common position and people will hold together. I have been talking to

:12:03. > :12:05.some of Mr Corbyn's aides as they've been arriving and my sense is very

:12:06. > :12:09.haven't made up their mind what they're going to do. MrCorbyn's team

:12:10. > :12:13.are at the moment going through some of the 70,000 e-mail responses he

:12:14. > :12:17.had to a consultation to see whether balance of opinion in the broader

:12:18. > :12:21.party is. The expectation is that will show overwhelming opposition to

:12:22. > :12:25.war. I think it is quite possible MrCorbyn will go to the Shadow

:12:26. > :12:29.Cabinet and say I was elected as leader on an antiwar ticket, I have

:12:30. > :12:34.the backing of the party to oppose war, I have the backing of the big

:12:35. > :12:36.unions, I have the backing of the National Executive Committee and

:12:37. > :12:39.parliamentary opinion amongst Labour MPs are moving my way. Therefore,

:12:40. > :12:44.never mind what you and the Shadow Cabinet think, I am going to insist

:12:45. > :12:50.you back me and oppose military intervention. Interestingly, one of

:12:51. > :12:55.his close allies, Diane Abbot, suggested he may indeed suggest that

:12:56. > :13:00.there is a three-line whip, a compulsory vote to oppose military

:13:01. > :13:05.action. It's a matter for the leader what the whipping will be. But we

:13:06. > :13:09.are a party of Government and a party of Government has to have a

:13:10. > :13:16.position on matters of peace and war. The problem about a free vote

:13:17. > :13:20.is it hands victory to Cameron over these air strikes. It hands victory

:13:21. > :13:27.to him on a plate. I don't think that's what party members want to

:13:28. > :13:31.see. We are, it seems to me, in a game of incredibly high stakes bluff

:13:32. > :13:35.between MrCorbyn and his opponents, with both sides waiting to see who

:13:36. > :13:40.blinks first at the Shadow Cabinet meeting. But MrCorbyn's people are

:13:41. > :13:44.adamant they are not going to back down because of the threat of a few

:13:45. > :13:48.resignations, they believe, frankly, at the end of the day cometh the

:13:49. > :13:51.hour, not many will resign and if they do resign, I was speaking to

:13:52. > :13:57.one of MrCorbyn's aides who said there are plenty of people who have

:13:58. > :14:00.resigned and then regretted it. No one is irrepoliceable, in other

:14:01. > :14:05.words, they're prepared for people to walk. -- irreplaceable. It will

:14:06. > :14:11.be We wanted to get a sense of what

:14:12. > :14:23.people inside Syria think of air strikes. .

:14:24. > :14:29.We have spoken to two people anonymously. This man lives in

:14:30. > :16:09.Raqqa. He gave us his account of life inside there via e-mail.

:16:10. > :16:23.Another man told us what life is like President Assad. As civilians

:16:24. > :16:29.here, all the people are seeking for a better place to be protected from

:16:30. > :16:44.the attacking of aircraft, maybe from Russian aircraft or from Syrian

:16:45. > :16:53.aircraft. Actually, people here have adapted to maybe generating

:16:54. > :17:05.electricity by using renewable sources. Or maybe by purchasing

:17:06. > :17:09.something for charging their mobiles, laptops or watching TV for

:17:10. > :17:19.two hours. We have adapted to such a thing. Everyone here is just trying

:17:20. > :17:29.to be safe, making a little money to buy some food to be alive. The Assad

:17:30. > :17:37.regime prevents us from going out or encouraging businesses to make

:17:38. > :17:42.money. Our aim here is just to be safe. The civilians here just want

:17:43. > :17:51.to be safe. All the people here think as I am thinking, that the

:17:52. > :18:00.British may attack Syria, as other countries like Russia, and nothing

:18:01. > :18:10.will happen to help the Syrians. We can talk now to a blogger called

:18:11. > :18:18.Khan is being sorted -- Raqqa is being slaughtered silently. How are

:18:19. > :18:26.you able to get the stories out of Raqqa? It is so difficult to get

:18:27. > :18:32.stories from Raqqa, because Isis have banned any media organisation

:18:33. > :18:40.to work in Raqqa. They want to have their own media to spread their

:18:41. > :18:48.ideology to the people. So it is risky to work under Isis, because

:18:49. > :18:59.anyone working in the media will get arrested and executed. What is life

:19:00. > :19:03.like in Raqqa? You spoke about IS trying to spread its ideology. On a

:19:04. > :19:13.day-to-day basis for a regular civilians living in Raqqa, what is

:19:14. > :19:19.it like? For the civilians, Isis are on the ground and there are many

:19:20. > :19:26.warplanes in the sky. You can say there is no life in Raqqa.

:19:27. > :19:31.Everything is expensive in the city. Can't do anything. No jobs, no

:19:32. > :19:36.schools, no university. They don't have anything to do. If they do

:19:37. > :19:44.anything, Isis will punish them. They will arrest and executed them.

:19:45. > :19:52.Could the civilians just leave? They only want to live to stay alive for

:19:53. > :19:59.the next day. They can't change anything. Most of them did not find

:20:00. > :20:05.a chance to escape from the city. So they are still living there. What

:20:06. > :20:16.impact are the air strikes having on IS in Raqqa? A lot of aeroplanes are

:20:17. > :20:20.bombing the city, so it is complicated. A lot of civilians got

:20:21. > :20:33.killed, and a lot of Isis fighters got killed. So is it weakening IS in

:20:34. > :20:43.Raqqa? Sorry? Is it weakening IS in Raqqa? Kind of, because some of the

:20:44. > :20:49.planes targeted IS leaders. But some of the air strikes have bombed empty

:20:50. > :20:54.headquarters. Thank you for joining us.

:20:55. > :20:58.The Shadow Chancellor has said he doesn't think there will be mass

:20:59. > :21:01.resignations if Jeremy Corbyn forces MPs to vote against Britain

:21:02. > :21:05.launching air strikes on Islamic State group targets in Syria.

:21:06. > :21:07.John McDonnell said he believed the shadow cabinet would "arrive

:21:08. > :21:15.It's understood the Labour leader, who opposes military action, will

:21:16. > :21:20.make his decision later today after consulting with party members.

:21:21. > :21:23.David Cameron has joined 146 other world leaders at the latest climate

:21:24. > :21:26.conference in Paris. Negotiators want to reach a binding deal within

:21:27. > :21:29.two weeks to limit global carbon emissions. Prince Charles has

:21:30. > :21:37.already described climate change as humanity's biggest threat.

:21:38. > :21:45.The French president said the stakes had never before been so high.

:21:46. > :21:52.TRANSLATION: What is at stake is the future of the planet, the future of

:21:53. > :22:04.life. And yet, two weeks ago, here in Paris, it was death that a group

:22:05. > :22:10.of fanatics brought to the streets. Here, I want to express to you the

:22:11. > :22:15.gratitude of the French people for all of the shows of support, all of

:22:16. > :22:22.the messages, all of the signs of friendship that we have received

:22:23. > :22:28.since the 13th of November. Tragic events represent an affliction, but

:22:29. > :22:38.also an obligation. They force us to focus on what is important. Your

:22:39. > :22:41.presence has generated immense hope, which we do not have the right

:22:42. > :22:44.to disappoint. Questions are being raised over the

:22:45. > :22:46.position of Conservative Party chairman Lord Feldman in connection

:22:47. > :22:49.with a row over alleged bullying in the party. It follows the suicide of

:22:50. > :22:52.a young party activist who claimed There's more backing for a sugar

:22:53. > :23:02.tax, this time from an influential The health committee says soft

:23:03. > :23:06.drinks should have an extra 20% tax imposed as part of a range of

:23:07. > :23:08.measures against childhood obesity. It says there's now

:23:09. > :23:11."compelling evidence" that it would Let's catch up with all

:23:12. > :23:21.the sport. Hello again, the main

:23:22. > :23:30.stories in sport this morning: Andy Murray and the rest of the

:23:31. > :23:34.Victorias Davis Cup team are due home later today from Belgium. It is

:23:35. > :23:37.the first winter in the tournament since before the Second World War.

:23:38. > :23:43.Britain's new heavyweight world champion Tyson foray might have said

:23:44. > :23:46.he doesn't want to fight David Haye. But David Haye has told this

:23:47. > :23:51.programme he will do everything he can to get his hands on the title,

:23:52. > :23:54.even if that means making Mac fury hand over the belt without a fight.

:23:55. > :23:56.Hamburg, one of the five cities which was

:23:57. > :23:59.hoping to host the 2024 Olympics, will be withdrawing its bid.

:24:00. > :24:01.Residents voted against the idea in a referendum over the weekend.

:24:02. > :24:03.It leaves Paris, Los Angeles, Rome and Budapest

:24:04. > :24:07.A public memorial for New Zealand rugby great Jonah Lomu,

:24:08. > :24:09.has been held at Auckland's Eden Park stadium.

:24:10. > :24:12.Thousands of people were at the event,

:24:13. > :24:14.including many from New Zealand's Pacific Island communities.

:24:15. > :24:23.A private family burial service will be held in Auckland tomorrow.

:24:24. > :24:25.More sport on BBC news throughout the day.

:24:26. > :24:27.A pupil who was asked by her vice-principal to send

:24:28. > :24:29.explicit pictures of herself has won a landmark legal

:24:30. > :24:41.William Whillock began texting the pupil, who we're calling

:24:42. > :24:43.Hannah to protect her identity, when she was a teenager asking her

:24:44. > :24:47.He was prosecuted for possessing indecent images and given

:24:48. > :25:01.Now, some years later, "Hannah" has sued and won damages,

:25:02. > :25:03.including ?25,000 for the sexting alone.

:25:04. > :25:04.The High Court ruling establishes that anyone manipulated

:25:05. > :25:08.into sending or receiving a sexually explicit message or

:25:09. > :25:10.image, known as sexting, and who suffers psychological harm as a

:25:11. > :25:16."Hannah" has been speaking exclusively to

:25:17. > :25:19.our legal affairs correspondent Clive Coleman, who began

:25:20. > :25:21.by asking her how the relationship with William Whillock developed.

:25:22. > :25:27.He always said that if there is any problems, just give me a call.

:25:28. > :25:29.He used to build up my confidence by saying, "Hello, Princess,

:25:30. > :25:32.you look lovely today," and all that type of stuff.

:25:33. > :25:34.What sort of photos did he ask you to send him?

:25:35. > :25:41.He used to just ask me to send him pictures of me with

:25:42. > :25:45.like, my underwear on or something, that's how it started, and then it

:25:46. > :25:48.just got worse and worse, because he said, yeah, can you send

:25:49. > :25:56.It took a few goes to get used to it at first,

:25:57. > :26:05.When I used to see him after school, he used to, like,

:26:06. > :26:09.Is that how you were able to tell that he was pleased

:26:10. > :26:15.Yes, he would say, "Can you send me another one, that was lovely."

:26:16. > :26:22.I used to just send them and think, OK, I haven't sent that, really.

:26:23. > :26:24.So I used to feel pressurised into sending them,

:26:25. > :26:29.I used to just think to myself, just forget about it, it's nothing.

:26:30. > :26:33.How has it affected your life and your relationships?

:26:34. > :26:35.I went to school to build up my confidence.

:26:36. > :26:40.I remember I made loads of friends there,

:26:41. > :26:47.and when all that happened, I lost all my self-esteem and confidence.

:26:48. > :26:51.And I suffer now long-term with, like, anxiety.

:26:52. > :26:56.I'm not sure why, but whenever I go walking through

:26:57. > :26:59.town or whenever someone looks at me, I always think they are going

:27:00. > :27:09.So whenever I have relationships, it is always stuck in my head.

:27:10. > :27:12.I feel like they're going to abuse me again.

:27:13. > :27:21.David McClenaghan is "Hannah's" solicitor.

:27:22. > :27:30.How did this become an issue of compensation? It is the first time

:27:31. > :27:35.compensation has been awarded for sexting. Yes, it is a landmark

:27:36. > :27:39.ruling, the first time in the UK that an award of compensation has

:27:40. > :27:47.been made for something like this, an act of sexual abuse that stops

:27:48. > :27:54.short of physical contact. I was contacted by Hannah several years

:27:55. > :28:00.ago. In my firm, we felt that the law needs to move forward with

:28:01. > :28:03.technology and society, and that we would bring this case and try and

:28:04. > :28:07.secure this decision so that people like Hannah who have been through

:28:08. > :28:12.these things and secure compensation for the harm they suffer as a

:28:13. > :28:20.result. Would you potentially expect this case to be the first of many?

:28:21. > :28:27.Absolutely. People who suffer abuse tend to take many years to disclose

:28:28. > :28:32.the abuse, or talk about it. This sort of technology, smartphones,

:28:33. > :28:36.phones with cameras, is relatively modern. I feel that there will be a

:28:37. > :28:42.plethora of these cases over the coming years. The NSPCC is concerned

:28:43. > :28:46.that there is a danger that young people could use this as a way of

:28:47. > :28:55.getting cash, suing people over this. Frankly, I think that is an

:28:56. > :29:03.absurd assertion. To put this case into context, it took over three and

:29:04. > :29:07.a half years from a Hannah instructing us to take the case

:29:08. > :29:13.through to court. This is not some kind of get rich quick scheme. It is

:29:14. > :29:19.bringing legal proceedings, and incredibly daunting and can be

:29:20. > :29:24.traumatic and difficult for people, especially those who have been

:29:25. > :29:32.through sexual abuse. So what is the threshold of what has to be proved

:29:33. > :29:40.for someone to be successful? This case focused on the grooming and the

:29:41. > :29:45.manipulation of my client that this teacher did. So that is very

:29:46. > :29:53.different from sexting with young kids sending each other images. Yes,

:29:54. > :29:56.it is very different. It focused on the grooming element. This teacher

:29:57. > :30:00.manipulated her into sending explicit photographs to him. It

:30:01. > :30:06.could open the door to further similar cases involving what is

:30:07. > :30:10.regarded as revenge porn, where, for instance, a spiteful ex-partner

:30:11. > :30:16.uploads private images of their former partner onto a website. It

:30:17. > :30:21.could also open up cases for compensation where somebody has been

:30:22. > :30:25.overtly filmed in an intimate position. For example, my firm are

:30:26. > :30:33.currently acting in the Miles Bradbury cases, which was a child

:30:34. > :30:36.cancer specialist who secretly filmed his patience was they were

:30:37. > :30:40.undergoing treatment in his care. So all those sorts of cases are

:30:41. > :30:42.potentially opened up by this landmark decision. Thank you very

:30:43. > :30:51.much. Prince Charles has warned that the

:30:52. > :30:55.human race will become the architect of its own destruction unless it

:30:56. > :30:59.takes serious action to limit climate change. He was addressing

:31:00. > :31:03.the opening of a two-week conference that hopes to reach the first ever

:31:04. > :31:07.global, legally-binding deal on carbon emissions. It's happening in

:31:08. > :31:10.Paris and around 150 nations are taking part. Another speaker was

:31:11. > :31:14.President Hollande of France who said the battles against global

:31:15. > :31:17.warming and terrorism are closely linked. What are the key sticking

:31:18. > :31:24.points likely to be? This film tries to explain.

:31:25. > :31:27.One sticking point in Paris dividing rich and poor nations is the loss

:31:28. > :31:31.Around the table to argue for the poorer countries are Mr Maldives

:31:32. > :31:36.They think loss and damage caused by our changing climate must be

:31:37. > :31:41.On the other side, representing the world's biggest

:31:42. > :31:46.economies, are Mr Norway, and Mr USA, who still won't comment.

:31:47. > :31:49.These guys will only discuss loss and damage as part of what's

:31:50. > :32:04.already on the table to help countries adapt to the problem.

:32:05. > :32:07.Where the disasters have cost $3 trillion over the last 30 years,

:32:08. > :32:10.they are also responsible for most of the 20 million people

:32:11. > :32:34.displaced, and they affect the poorest countries the most.

:32:35. > :32:38.So, the negotiation boils down to money.

:32:39. > :32:41.The biggest emitters of the greenhouse gases that cause

:32:42. > :32:44.climate change, most of the countries in this group, will resist

:32:45. > :32:50.At the other end of the table, some small island states say climate

:32:51. > :33:09.Let's cross live to Paris and talk to Ruth Davis, an

:33:10. > :33:12.international climate change advisor to Greenpeace, and Chandra Bhushan,

:33:13. > :33:17.who is Deputy Director General of Centre for Science and Environment.

:33:18. > :33:26.First of all, to you Ruth Davis, what are your hopes for this

:33:27. > :33:31.conference? I think my hopes are that we are going to build a regime

:33:32. > :33:35.here, a deal which is capable of dealing with this problem in the

:33:36. > :33:39.long-term. I think we have come into the conference knowing that whilst

:33:40. > :33:43.there's a really significant amount of effort going on out there in the

:33:44. > :33:47.big world and that the costs of renewable technologies are falling,

:33:48. > :33:51.the impacts of climate change are becoming more understood, we still

:33:52. > :33:55.don't have enough on the table to fix the problem. We have to come up

:33:56. > :33:59.with a direction of travel, a long-term goal, get a system for

:34:00. > :34:03.coming back on a regular basis to increase the level of ambition, and

:34:04. > :34:08.also make sure that the resources are flowing to enable this

:34:09. > :34:21.transition to renewable, clean energy economy to happen. What's

:34:22. > :34:29.your perspective, Chandra? In the last few weeks we have heard John

:34:30. > :34:33.Kerry talking about problems... Prime Minister talking about

:34:34. > :34:37.problem. There are differences to be resolved here. I don't think all the

:34:38. > :34:42.differences will be resolved but I believe that we need a fair deal in

:34:43. > :34:49.Paris which allows every country to come together and work together to

:34:50. > :34:52.solve this challenge. Whatever is on the table, is just not sufficient.

:34:53. > :34:57.Therefore, I think compromise is important from both sides. If there

:34:58. > :35:03.are flexibility on both sides we might get a deal which will be

:35:04. > :35:14.insurance for the future. Right now it's... Ruth, there are people who

:35:15. > :35:19.doubt that climate change is manmade and therefore question the efforts

:35:20. > :35:26.being made to try to impact on it. What do you say to that? I think

:35:27. > :35:30.this is a problem that has been known about for quite a long time

:35:31. > :35:34.now and there's been a huge scientific effort to explore and

:35:35. > :35:42.understand what's going on with our climate. Every year the

:35:43. > :35:48.conclusion... Unfortunately we have lost our communications with Ruth.

:35:49. > :35:56.Let's go back to Chandra. I hope you heard the question and can give us

:35:57. > :35:59.your view. I think thoet debates are over, we have now scientific

:36:00. > :36:07.evidence linking extreme weather with climate change, the global

:36:08. > :36:15.temperature is rising, we are seeing increase in sea levels, I think that

:36:16. > :36:21.debate is over. If soap people - this is a side story, I think in

:36:22. > :36:25.Paris today most people believe in all the parties believe that this is

:36:26. > :36:32.a serious challenge, that even degrees is not sufficient. Two

:36:33. > :36:35.degrees we will have huge impact on water, and farmers and a lot needs

:36:36. > :36:40.to be done so we can save the poor and the most vulnerable of the

:36:41. > :36:47.world. That is acceptable largely by everyone here. For a country like

:36:48. > :36:51.India, which does have a much lower energy consumption per head than

:36:52. > :36:55.other countries which obviously are much greater users, I think the

:36:56. > :37:00.United States consumption per head is 15 times more than India, does

:37:01. > :37:06.India feel it's being penalised at a time when other countries have

:37:07. > :37:11.benefitted? I don't think India feels it is being penalised, what

:37:12. > :37:16.India is asking that there has to be fair space for India and other

:37:17. > :37:20.developing countries, you must understand that Africa is in a much

:37:21. > :37:28.worse situation as far as energy access is concerned. India believes

:37:29. > :37:37.that there has to be a deal which will allow parts of the poor world,

:37:38. > :37:40.needs with food, housing, infrastructure, and energy, I don't

:37:41. > :37:45.think we feel a victim as much as we believe that there has to be a deal

:37:46. > :37:49.which is based on rights of every individual. I think that is India's

:37:50. > :37:55.position on this issue. Thank you very much for joining us. Some

:37:56. > :38:00.breaking news about the former New Zealand cricket captain Chris

:38:01. > :38:04.Cairns. He has been found not guilty of perjury at South Warwick Crown

:38:05. > :38:08.Court. The jury decided he had not been lying when he said under oath

:38:09. > :38:11.during a libel trial that he had never cheated at cricket --

:38:12. > :38:14.Southwark. Next,

:38:15. > :38:16.the most senior transgender officer in the British army tells this

:38:17. > :38:18.programme there's been an increase in the number of trans soliders

:38:19. > :38:23.coming out over the last year. 28-year-old Hannah Winterbounne,

:38:24. > :38:25.who's served in Afghanistan, This week she's picking up

:38:26. > :38:36.Cosmopolitan magazine's Woman Thank you very much for coming in

:38:37. > :38:41.and talking to us. It's a pleasure. Take us back over your past history

:38:42. > :38:44.when you first went into the Army, it was as a boy, I think at 15,

:38:45. > :38:48.wasn't it? it was as a boy, I think at 15,

:38:49. > :38:54.after that. Yeah, I signed up to join the Army when I was 15, 16 and

:38:55. > :39:00.didn't physically go to Sandhurst until I was 23 and at the time I was

:39:01. > :39:04.identifying as male in my life, even though I knew that something wasn't

:39:05. > :39:07.quite right. After a couple of years the feelings cemented and got

:39:08. > :39:11.stronger and I realised I could no longer live in that way and I

:39:12. > :39:14.decided to come out to the Army, come out to my friends and family

:39:15. > :39:21.and start my transition to become the woman that I knew I was. What

:39:22. > :39:26.was it like going through that transition in what many would

:39:27. > :39:32.perceive to be a macho environment? It was good, the Army, no one can

:39:33. > :39:34.perceive to be a macho environment? are... You mean the hierarchy?

:39:35. > :39:36.Everyone in general, there is a perceived kind of idea that the Army

:39:37. > :39:42.are a very sort of masculine, macho organisation but they're

:39:43. > :39:47.forward-thinking. Whether it be the people who work Father me, my peers,

:39:48. > :39:51.my colleagues or people who command me, they've all been really positive

:39:52. > :39:58.and seen it as something that allows me to be who I am and plea frees up

:39:59. > :40:04.my emotional energy to concentrate on work and do the yob they employ

:40:05. > :40:09.me for. You are the most senior transgender person but not the only.

:40:10. > :40:12.Not at all. You work with other transgender people within the Army.

:40:13. > :40:15.How many do you get involved with? So, I am the transgender

:40:16. > :40:20.representative for the British Army which involves mentoring all our

:40:21. > :40:22.transgender soldiers as well as providing education to the people

:40:23. > :40:29.who command them and also advising the Army on its policy to make sure

:40:30. > :40:33.it's fit for purpose. We have a spectrum of people across the ranks

:40:34. > :40:36.and the different types of being transgender within the Army and all

:40:37. > :40:39.of them are just getting on with their lives and just doing their

:40:40. > :40:44.jobs as a soldier. I want to bring you an e-mail from Clare. She says

:40:45. > :40:48.the Army still has no support for transgender veterans. I spent 15

:40:49. > :40:53.years being bullied physically punished and tighted -- treated like

:40:54. > :40:57.a freak because of my genderer, that's not gone away, the age group

:40:58. > :40:59.I live with feel the same. What today's society has achieved is

:41:00. > :41:04.fantastic but many forget how we were treated in the 80s and 90s,

:41:05. > :41:07.what do you think the MoD can repair the damage done to veterans what

:41:08. > :41:12.served this country but lived in fear of their lives from colleagues

:41:13. > :41:17.more than the enemy? It's probably not my place to say what the MoD

:41:18. > :41:21.should do in terms of transgender veterans but I am acutely aware we

:41:22. > :41:25.live in a generational age where things are much better. I have been

:41:26. > :41:27.on record thinking -- saying I wouldn't be here telling you about

:41:28. > :41:31.this positive experience if it wasn't for the people who came out

:41:32. > :41:35.in the military in years gone by. And had to suffer hardships because

:41:36. > :41:39.the education wasn't there in the wider society and the wider UK that

:41:40. > :41:45.the Army could tap into and so, you know, the Army is very much leading

:41:46. > :41:47.the way as it is now in making sure transgender employment is possible

:41:48. > :41:51.but at the same time they've taken that from the entire society which

:41:52. > :41:54.has moved on. There will always be a generational thing, I think. What do

:41:55. > :41:59.you credit for the change that there has been, has it been high-profile

:42:00. > :42:03.transgender people just taking the issue out there in a way that wasn't

:42:04. > :42:08.there before on the general radar? I don't think in terms of society, in

:42:09. > :42:14.general? Yeah, and obviously specifically to your experience, as

:42:15. > :42:18.well, and you talk about it being a generational thing, what's changed?

:42:19. > :42:23.It's like we got our foot in the door, there was a lot of going back,

:42:24. > :42:27.in the media it was a bad representation, sensationalised,

:42:28. > :42:30.whereas now we are starting to hear much more true representative

:42:31. > :42:34.transstories and seeing the full spectrum of being transgender which

:42:35. > :42:37.isn't just male or female but people in the middle who consider

:42:38. > :42:40.themselves who don't identify with male or female. Because we are

:42:41. > :42:44.getting true representations of people, people are starting to

:42:45. > :42:49.understand and once you understand something you can start to accept it

:42:50. > :42:51.and we are not all the way yet, we are still seeing sensationalised

:42:52. > :42:56.stories and misrepresentation and people not understanding there is a

:42:57. > :43:00.long way to go in terms of transgender civil rights, but we are

:43:01. > :43:04.getting there. The fact that we are having more people visible, more

:43:05. > :43:07.role models and more people to look up to and go I can identify with

:43:08. > :43:11.that person and that's like me, therefore, they can feel comfortable

:43:12. > :43:17.knowing their identity is valid. I think that is something that will

:43:18. > :43:21.always take time and we are victim to our beliefs and things we are

:43:22. > :43:25.taught as children and I think the children of today's generation are

:43:26. > :43:28.seeing a much more open and understanding view of what gender is

:43:29. > :43:32.and what it means to be male or female. A final thought, you are

:43:33. > :43:35.getting this award, how important is that to you? It's obviously a huge

:43:36. > :43:40.honour for me, I am very grateful for it. I think it's a nice marker

:43:41. > :43:43.in the sand that trans-women are being recognised along with other

:43:44. > :43:45.women. Good for you, thank you very much.

:43:46. > :43:48.Thank you for joining us. On the programme tomorrow,

:43:49. > :43:50.the latest in our series of reports on how to tackle

:43:51. > :43:52.childhood obesity, including This week, everybody's been loving

:43:53. > :44:04.The Great Pottery Throw Down... a little bit too much.

:44:05. > :44:07.But who isn't potty for clay? You were so nervous,

:44:08. > :44:15.and you've just excelled yourself. This is a good sign, by the way,

:44:16. > :44:18.when he reacts like this.